Water buffalo - Knowledge

2402: 2461: 2519: 2807: 1205: 2541: 2765:, citizens each year wrap up the festival with a water buffalo race to entertain visitors and honour a pledge made hundreds of years ago. There was a time when many village cattle which provide rural Cambodians with muscle power to plow their fields and transport agricultural products died from an unknown disease. The villagers prayed to a spirit to help save their animals from the disease and promised to show their gratitude by holding a water buffalo race each year on the last day of the "P'chum Ben" festival, as it is known in Cambodia. The race draws hundreds of spectators, who come to see riders and their animals charge down the racing field, the racers bouncing up and down on the backs of their water buffaloes, whose horns were draped with colorful cloth. 2503: 2445: 1416: 881: 448: 11298: 2734:, an annual water buffalo festival is held in mid-October. About 300 water buffaloes race in groups of five or six, spurred on by bareback jockeys wielding wooden sticks, as hundreds of spectators cheer. The water buffalo has always played an important role in agriculture in Thailand. For the farmers, it is an important festival. It is also a celebration among rice farmers before the rice harvest. At dawn, farmers walk their water buffaloes through the surrounding rice fields, splashing them with water to keep them cool before leading them to the race field. 2477: 665: 556: 2401: 585:. Size of the body and shape of horns may vary greatly among breeds. Height at the withers is 129–133 cm (51–52 in) for bulls and 120–127 cm (47–50 in) for cows, but large individuals may attain 160 cm (63 in). Head-lump length at maturity typically ranges from 240–300 cm (94–118 in) with a 60–100 cm (24–39 in) long tail. They range in weight from 300–550 kg (660–1,210 lb), but weights of over 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) have also been observed. 2713:, India, take place between October and March. The races are conducted by having the water buffaloes (bulls) run in long parallel slushy ditches, where they are driven by men standing on wooden planks drawn by the water buffaloes. The objectives of the race are to finish first and to raise the water to the greatest height. It is also a rural sport. Kambala races are arranged with competition, as well as without competition, and as a part of thanksgiving (to God) in about 50 villages of coastal Karnataka. 1149: 817: 93: 57: 2074: 2795: 2783: 2549: 1698: 1541: 1285: 1129: 6316: 2645: 1639: 870: 657: 1627: 229: 2591:. It is one of the most popular Vietnam festivals and events in Haiphong City. The preparations for this buffalo fighting festival begin from the two to three months earlier. The competing water buffalo are selected and methodically trained months in advance. It is a traditional festival of Vietnam attached to a Water God worshiping ceremony and the 1654:. The women and girls in India generally look after the milking buffaloes, while the men and boys are concerned with the working animals. Throughout Asia, they are commonly tended by children who are often seen leading or riding their charges to wallows. Water buffaloes are the ideal animals for work in the deep mud of 1531:

Water buffaloes were exported live to Indonesia until 2011, at a rate of about 3,000 per year. After the live export ban that year, the exports dropped to zero, and had not resumed as of June 2013. Tom Dawkins, CEO of NT Buffalo Industry Council, said in May 2022 that culling should be a last resort,

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basin in 1895. They are now extensively used there for meat and dairy production. In 2005, the water buffalo herd in the Brazilian Amazon stood at roughly 1.6 million head, of which 460,000 were located in the lower Amazon floodplains. The breeds used include the Mediterranean from Italy, the Murrah

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In Thailand, the number of water buffaloes dropped from more than 3 million head in 1996 to less than 1.24 million head in 2011. Slightly over 75% of them are kept in the country's northeastern region. By the beginning of 2012, less than one million were in the country, partly as a result of illegal

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are present in some populations. River buffaloes have longer faces, smaller girths, and bigger limbs than swamp buffaloes. Their dorsal ridges extend further back and taper off more gradually. Their horns grow downward and backward, then curve upward in a spiral. Swamp buffaloes are heavy-bodied and

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campaign (BTEC) resulted in a huge culling program to reduce water buffalo herds to a fraction of the numbers that were reached in the 1980s. The BTEC was finished when the Northern Territory was declared free of the disease in 1997. Numbers dropped dramatically as a result of the campaign, but had

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lasts from 281 to 334 days, but most reports give a range between 300 and 320 days. Swamp buffaloes carry their calves for one or two weeks longer than river buffaloes. Finding water buffaloes that continue to work well at the age of 30 is not uncommon, and instances of a working life of 40 years

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Cailipan, Therese Patricka; Paraguas, Alexander; Cuanang, Aivhie Jhoy; Soliven, Nelvie Fatima Jane; Roño, John Gregor; Fontanilla, Francis; Servo, Emerson; Cao, Ernelea; Fontanilla, Ian Kendrich; Villamor, Lilian (5 September 2023). "Molecular Data and Karyotype Revealed Two Distinct Species of

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More than 95.8% of the world population of water buffaloes are kept in Asia, including both the river-type and the swamp-type. The water buffalo population in India numbered over 97.9 million head in 2003, representing 56.5% of the world population. They are primarily of the river type, with 10

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at an older age than river breeds. Young males in Egypt, India, and Pakistan are first mated around 3.0–3.5 years of age, but in Italy, they may be used as early as 2 years of age. Successful mating behaviour may continue until the animal is 12 years or even older. A good river buffalo male can

610:, while the river buffalo has 50 chromosomes. The two types do not readily interbreed, but fertile offspring can occur. Water buffalo-cattle hybrids have not been observed to occur, but the embryos of such hybrids reach maturity in laboratory experiments, albeit at lower rates than non-hybrids. 2598:

The Hai Luu Water Buffalo Fighting Festival of Vietnam has existed since the second century BC. General Lu Gia, at that time, had the water buffalo slaughtered to give a feast to the local people and the warriors, and organized buffalo fighting for amusement. Eventually, all the fighting water

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in mudholes, which they make with their horns. During wallowing, they acquire a thick coating of mud. Both are well-adapted to a hot and humid climate with temperatures ranging from 0 °C (32 °F) in the winter to 30 °C (86 °F) and greater in the summer. Water availability is

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Around 26 million water buffaloes are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. They contribute 72 million tonnes of milk and three million tonnes of meat annually to world food, much of it in areas that are prone to nutritional imbalances. In India, river buffaloes are kept mainly for milk

2835:, the patron saint of farmers. As thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest every year, farmers parade their carabaos in the main town street, adorning them with garlands and other decorations. One of the highlights of the festival is the kneeling of the carabaos in front of the parish church. 1217:

buffaloes were in the Philippines, nearly 3 million swamp buffaloes were in Vietnam, and roughly 773,000 buffaloes were in Bangladesh. About 750,000 head were estimated in Sri Lanka in 1997. In Japan, the water buffalo was used as a domestic animal throughout the Ryukyu Islands or

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given the flourishing and growing live export trade and economic benefits for Aboriginal people. By the end of 2021, cattle exports to Indonesia had dropped to the lowest level since 2012, while demand for buffalo was growing both in Australia and in Southeast Asia.

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Water buffalo meat, sometimes called "carabeef", is often passed off as beef in certain regions, and is also a major source of export revenue for India. In many Asian regions, water buffalo meat is less preferred due to its toughness; however, recipes have evolved

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The husbandry system of water buffaloes depends on the purpose for which they are bred and maintained. Most of them are kept by people who work on small farms in family units. Their water buffaloes live in close association with them, and are often their greatest

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because of their large hooves and flexible foot joints. They are often referred to as "the living tractor of the East". They are the most efficient and economical means of cultivation of small fields. In most rice-producing countries, they are used for

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are prominent. A dorsal ridge extends backward and ends abruptly just before the end of the chest. Their horns grow outward and curve in a semicircle, but always remain more or less on the plane of the forehead. The tail is short, reaching only to the

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was abandoned in 1849, the buffaloes were released. In the 1880s, a few river buffaloes were imported from India to Darwin for milk. Water buffalo have been the main grazing animals on the subcoastal plains and river basins between Darwin and

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and are not genetically related to modern domesticated water buffaloes. Another study in 2004 also concluded that the remains were from wild specimens. Both indicate that water buffaloes were first domesticated outside of China. Analyses of

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recovered to an estimated 150,000 animals across northern Australia in 2008, and up to an estimated 200,000 by 2022. Both swamp and river buffaloes exist in feral populations, but swamp buffaloes are more prevalent than river buffaloes.

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is a fairly harmless contest. The fighting season varies according to ancient customs and ceremonies. The first water buffalo to turn and run away is considered the loser; the winning water buffalo becomes worth several million

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features and performances. In Bulgaria, they were crossbred with the Indian Murrah breed, and in Romania, some were crossbred with Bulgarian Murrah. As of 2016, about 13,000 buffaloes were in Romania, down from 289,000 in 1989.

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Selokar, Naresh L.; Saini, Monika; Palta, Prabhat; Chauhan, Manmohan S.; Manik, Radhey S.; Singla, Suresh K. (April 2018). "Cloning of Buffalo, a Highly Valued Livestock Species of South and Southeast Asia: Any Achievements?".

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In 2003, the second-largest population lived in China, with 22.76 million head, all of the swamp-type, with many breeds kept only in the lowlands, and other breeds kept only in the mountains; as of 2003, 3.2 million swamp-type

1610:. In February 1978, the first herd arrived for commercial farming. Until 2002, only one commercial breeder was in the United States. Water buffalo meat is imported from Australia. Until 2011, water buffaloes were raised in 1741:

content in water buffalo milk ranged from 4.4 mg/g fat in September to 7.6 mg/g fat in June. Seasons and genetics may play a role in variation of CLA level and changes in gross composition of water buffalo milk.

2460: 1496:, some local people seized the chance to hunt the animals for their hides in the 1880s, as they did not belong to anyone, unlike sheep and cattle. The industry continues to provide employment opportunities and income for 4027:

Sun, T.; Shen, J.; Achilli, A.; Chen, N.; Chen, Q.; Dang, R.; Zheng Z; Zhang, H.; Lei, C.; Zhang, X.; Wang, S.; Zhang, T.; Lu, H.; Ma, Y.; Jia, Y.; Capodiferro, M.R.; Huang, Y.; Lan, X.; Chen, H. & Jiang, Y. (2020).

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At the Vihear Suor village water buffalo racing festival, Cambodia, each year, people visit Buddhist temples across the country to honor their deceased loved ones during a 15-day period commonly known as the

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In 2007, the PCC announced plans to clone the swamp-type water buffalo. The plan was to use as a tool for genetic improvement in water buffaloes to produce "super buffalo calves" by multiplying existing

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is a popular hunting location, where a steady population up to 4,000 individuals exists. Safari outfits are run from Darwin to Melville Island and other locations in the Top End, often with the use of

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European water buffaloes are all of the river-type and considered to be of the same breed named the Mediterranean buffalo. In Italy, the Mediterranean type was particularly selected and is called the

4959:"A proteomic characterization of water buffalo milk fractions describing PTM of major species and the identification of minor components involved in nutrient delivery and defense against pathogens" 3700:

Amano, Noel; Piper, Philip J.; Hung, Hsiao-chun; Bellwood, Peter (2013). "Introduced Domestic Animals in the Neolithic and Metal Age of the Philippines: Evidence From Nagsabaran, Northern Luzon".

2062:, for example) where the slow cooking process and spices not only make the meat palatable, but also preserve it, an important factor in hot climates where refrigeration is not always available. 5520: 4265: 2806: 2128:

In uncontrolled circumstances, though, water buffaloes can cause environmental damage, such as trampling vegetation, disturbing bird and reptile nesting sites, and spreading exotic weeds.

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There have been many attempts at creating hybrids between domestic cattle and domestic water buffaloes, however, to date, none have been successful; the embryos usually only get to the

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By 2011, the global water buffalo population was about 172 million. The estimated global population of water buffalo is 208,098,759 head distributed in 77 countries in five continents.

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study indicate that the river-type water buffalo probably originated in western India and was probable domesticated about 6,300 years ago; the swamp-type originated independently from

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Tanaka, Kazuaki; Solis, Chester D.; Masangkay, Joseph S.; Maeda, Kei-Ichiro; Kawamoto, Yoshi; Namikawa, Takao (1996). "Phylogenetic relationship among all living species of the genus

1614:, from young obtained from zoo overflow. They were used primarily for meat production, and frequently sold as hamburger. Other U.S. ranchers use them for production of high-quality 5823: 2113:

scientists have started to recommend and use introduced populations of feral water buffaloes in far-away lands to manage uncontrolled vegetation growth in and around natural

1671:, and in India and Pakistan, for heavy haulage, also. In their invasions of Europe, the Turks used water buffaloes for hauling heavy battering rams. Their dung is used as a 1065:

between the two types is so large that a divergence time of about 1.7 million years has been suggested. The swamp-type was noticed to have the closest relationship with the

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Although water buffaloes are polyoestrous, their reproductive efficiency shows wide variation throughout the year. The cows exhibit a distinct seasonal change in displaying

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The skin of the river buffalo is black, but some specimens may have dark, slate-coloured skin. Swamp buffaloes have a grey skin at birth, which becomes slate blue later.

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implies that the water buffalo originated from at least two populations, and that the river-type and the swamp-type have differentiated at the full species level. The

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Yang, Dongya Y.; Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan; Speller, Camilla F. (October 2008). "Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China".

2117:. Introduced water buffaloes at home in such environs provide cheap service by regularly grazing the uncontrolled vegetation and opening up clogged water bodies for 1508:

During the 1950s, water buffaloes were hunted for their skins and meat, which was exported and used in the local trade. In the late 1970s, live exports were made to

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The History and Doctrine of Budhism: Popularly Illustrated: with Notices of the Kappooism, Or Demon Worship, and of the Bali, Or Planetary Incantations, of Ceylon

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National Research Council (U.S.). (2002). The Water Buffalo: New Prospects for an Underutilized Animal : Report. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

2960: 949:, and the Mediterranean regions; swamp buffalo dispersed in the opposite direction, to the rest of Southeast Asia, and as far as the Yangtze Valley in China. 4226:

Present Status and Genetic Variability of Animal Genetic Resources in Asian Region. Proceedings of the 10th NIAS International Workshop on Genetic Resources

3554:"A Comparative Study on the Rumen Microbial Population of Cattle and Swamp Buffalo Raised under Traditional Village Conditions in the Northeast of Thailand" 6111: 740:

Green fodders are widely used for intensive milk production and for fattening. Many fodder crops are conserved as hay, chaffed, or pulped. Fodders include

1713:. The physical and chemical parameters of swamp-type and river-type water buffalo milk differ. Water buffalo milk contains higher levels of total solids, 3501:

Kochhar, H. P.; Rao, K. B.; Luciano, A. M.; Totey, S. M.; Gandolfi, F.; Basrur, P. K.; King, W. A. (2002). "In vitro production of cattle-water buffalo (

2125:, such as in the Chippenham Fen National Nature Reserve. The water buffaloes can better adapt to wet conditions and poor-quality vegetation than cattle. 495: 5229: 3484: 2476: 2230:, India's premier research institute on water buffaloes, also became the second institute in the world to successfully clone the water buffalo in 2016. 1459:

In the early 1960s, an estimated population of 150,000 to 200,000 water buffaloes was living in the plains and nearby areas. The commencement of the

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The present-day river buffalo is the result of complex domestication processes involving more than one maternal lineage and a significant maternal

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community of Limbang, Sarawak. Highlights are the Ratu Babulang competition and the water buffalo races, which can only be found in this town in

5685: 1452:") since the 1880s. They became feral and caused significant environmental damage. Their only natural predators in Australia are crocodiles and 856:

varies between breeds from 13 to 33 months, but mating at the first oestrus is often infertile and usually deferred until they are 3 years old.

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Groves, C. P. (2006). "Domesticated and Commensal Mammals of Austronesia and Their Histories". In Bellwood, P.; Fox, J. J.; Tryon, D. (eds.).

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de Melo, B.A.; Nascimento, I.D.M.; Santos, L.T.A.D.; de Lima, L.G.; de Araújo, F.C.T.; Rios, R.R.S.; Couto, A.D.G. & Fraga, A.B. (2018).

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Sheikh, P.A.; Merry, F.D.; McGrath, D.G. (2006). "Water buffalo and cattle ranching in the Lower Amazon Basin: Comparisons and conflicts".

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water buffalo remains in northern China (previously used as evidence of a Chinese domestication origin) found that the remains were of the

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The bones and horns are often made into jewellery, especially earrings. Horns are used for the embouchure of musical instruments, such as

6161: 6085: 5427: 5108:. Food and Agricultural Organization / Economic and Social Department / Statistical Division. United Nations. 17 May 2022. Archived from 2227: 1667:

during the rice harvest. They provide power for oilseed mills, sugarcane presses, and devices for raising water. They are widely used as

705:. During floods, they graze submerged, raising their heads above the water and carrying quantities of edible plants. Water buffaloes eat 4828:"Buffalos find home on the kitchen range // Sought-after meat lower than beef in cholesterol, fat" (1989). Austin American Statesman: D3 4202: 5858: 5168: 491:

treatment of the wild and domestic forms has been inconsistent and varies between authors and even within the works of single authors.

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in mid-April. This festival features head-wrestling bouts in which two male water buffaloes are pitted against one another. Unlike in

1204: 11091: 6504: 5936: 4731: 1222:, however it is almost extinct now and mainly used as a tourist attraction. Per a 2015 report, about 836,500 water buffaloes were in 516:

In the early 1970s, different names were proposed for the river and swamp types of water buffalos; the river type was referred to as

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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

1737:. The high level of total solids makes water buffalo milk ideal for processing into value-added dairy products such as cheese. The 6045:

Thu, Nguyen Van and T. R. Preston. 1999. "Rumen environment and feed degradability in swamp buffaloes fed different supplements".

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Roth, J. and P. Myers. "Bubalis Bubalis", University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 15 January 2009

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and Jafarabadi from India, and the carabao from the Philippines. The official Brazilian herd number in 2019 is 1.39 million head.

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Water buffalo milk presents physicochemical features different from those of other ruminant species, such as a higher content of

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Water Buffalo Fighting Festival of Thailand is a popular event held on special occasions such as New Year's Day in January, and

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A 2020 analysis of the genomes of 91 swamp and 30 river buffaloes showed that they separated already before domestication about

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Many ethnic groups use the horns of water buffaloes as a game trophy, or for musical instruments and ornaments. Similarly, the

737:, are a major problem in some tropical valleys and by eating them, the water buffaloes may help control these invasive plants. 291:. Today, it is also kept in Italy, the Balkans, Australia, North America, South America and some African countries. Two extant 3745:

Mijares, Armand Salvador B. (2006). "The early Austronesian migration to Luzon: perspectives from the Peñablanca Cave Sites".

3328: 11634: 11587: 6014: 5621: 5615: 5590: 5561: 4570: 2540: 2168:'s most successful project as an opposition senator, the PCC was created through Republic Act 3707, the Carabao Act of 1992. 11561: 5188: 4887: 1276:

shows a steady increase in the number of water buffaloes. The report puts the number at 40,008 head in those two provinces.

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stockily built, with a short body and large belly. The forehead is flat, the eyes are prominent, the face is short, and the

11832: 3972:"Genomic differentiation between swamp and river buffalo using a cattle high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms panel" 3840: 3641: 1521: 1253: 2923:. Rome: Animal Production and Health Series No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from 1112:

genomes unexpectedly found the anoa branching somewhere between swamp and river buffalos. A 2023 Filipino study using the

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alone has upwards of 400,000 head of water buffalo in 2021, which provide dairy as well as meat to the local population.

4838: 3852:. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome. 3653:. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome. 3631:. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome. 1488:

at Djabidjbakalloi. The buffalo left behind after the failed British attempt at settlement became a threat to the local

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The water buffalo is the main dairy animal in Pakistan, with 23.47 million head in 2010. Of these, 76% are kept in the

5400: 1528:; buffalo horns, which can measure up to a record of 3.1 m (10 ft) tip-to-tip, are prized hunting trophies. 11678: 6061: 6029: 5992: 5977: 5744: 5503: 3684: 3552:

Wanapat, M.; Ngarmsang, A.; Korkhuntot, S.; Nontaso, N.; Wachirapakorn, C.; Beakes, G.; Rowlinson, P. (1 July 2000).

3184: 3128: 2684: 2211: 1594:(>300.000), Argentina (>100.000) and Venezuela with unconfirmed reports ranging from 200 to 500 thousand head. 965: 5420: 5185:""Buffaloes and wetlands" -- grazing in wetland management: A discussion from the Ramsar Forum over late March 1998" 4411: 2575:

The Do Son Water Buffalo Fighting Festival of Vietnam is held each year on the ninth day of the eighth month of the

11504: 6298: 4207:. Proceedings of the 9th World Buffalo Congress, Buenos Aires, April 2010, pages 1024–1031. Archived 17 April 2012. 1265: 399:

population became established in northern Australia in the late 19th century, and there are smaller feral herds in

11613: 4914: 6154: 5715: 5094:. Rome: Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe. pp. 185–195. 3864:"Mitochondrial DNA analyses of Indian water buffalo support a distinct genetic origin of river and swamp buffalo" 2782: 1456:, which can only prey on the younger animals. As a result, they were hunted in the Top End from 1885 until 1980. 218: 3058:

Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan; Jiang Leping (2004). "A study of Neolithic water buffalo remains from Zhejiang, China".

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to distinguish it from other European breeds, which differ genetically. Mediterranean buffalo are also kept in

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Domestic Animal Diversity Information System, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.

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production and for transport, whereas swamp buffaloes are kept mainly for work and a small amount of milk.

1395:. Little exchange of breeding water buffaloes has occurred among countries, so each population has its own 550: 11431: 2361:, as well as many other communities, many worship the goddess Vihat, who uses a male water buffalo as her 11822: 11582: 11543: 11439: 11413: 5109: 4536: 4324:

Moustafa, A. M.; Ali, S. N.; Bennett, M. D.; Hyndman, T. H.; Robertson, I. D.; Edwards, J. (April 2017).

3664: 11444: 5771: 4481: 4326:"A Case-control Study of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in Buffaloes and Cattle in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2012" 4218: 3305: 2924: 2745:, Malaysia, is the largest or grandest of the many rituals, ceremonies and festivals of the traditional 906:(of the western Indian subcontinent and west to the Levant, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean) and the 7069: 6641: 6147: 5403: 4115: 2611: 354:, and Italy; while swamp buffalo dispersed to the rest of Southeast Asia and up to the Yangtze Valley. 6038:

Ruangprim, T. et al. 2007. "Rumen microbes and ecology of male dairy, beef cattle and buffaloes". In:

5383: 4433: 3669:. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University. pp. 161–176. 3640:

Barile, V. L. (2005). "Reproductive Efficiency in Female Buffaloes". pp. 77–108 in Borghese, A. (ed.)

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cheese. Water buffaloes are also kept in the Caribbean, specifically in Trinidad and Tobago and Cuba.

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Water buffaloes were probably introduced to Europe from India or other eastern sources. In Italy, the

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C. V. Singh, R. S. Barwal (2010). Buffalo Breeding Research and Improvement Strategies in India. In:

2630:, Indonesia, is a popular event where the Rambu Solo or a Burial Festival takes place in Tana Toraja. 2509: 2424: 2191:(SCNT) produce several clones of a swamp-type water buffalo. Three calves were born; two died young. 2142: 2121:, wetland birds, and other wildlife. Grazing water buffaloes are sometimes used in Great Britain for 358: 6130: 3759: 92: 11077: 9833: 6544: 6482: 5999: 5766: 5642:(February 1980). "Rāma and Gilgamesh: the sacrifices of the water buffalo and the bull of heaven". 4665: 2768: 1738: 2959:

Lau, C. H.; Drinkwater, R. D.; Yusoff, K.; Tan, S. G.; Hetzel, D. J. S.; Barker, J. S. F. (1998).

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and continued later into other countries. Swamp buffaloes are now crossed with river buffaloes in

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from water buffalo milk has a different texture with a bigger grain size than ghee from cow milk.

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and was domesticated about 3,000 to 7,000 years ago. The river buffalo dispersed west as far as

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Pérez-Pardal, L.; Chen, S.; Costa, V.; Liu, X.; Carvalheira, J. & Beja-Pereira, A. (2018).

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is said to have received water buffaloes around 600 AD. These were probably a present from the

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achieved consistency in the naming of the wild and domestic water buffaloes by ruling that the

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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Milk yield, Fat and Protein Percent in Buffaloes

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Civilizations in Contact, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge

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and tropical Southeast Asia. Two types of domesticated water buffalo are recognized, based on

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study indicate that the river-type water buffalo probably originated in western India and was

11827: 11660: 11316: 11193: 10683: 9713: 7938: 7167: 7051: 6634: 6586: 5551: 4030:"Genomic analyses reveal distinct genetic architectures and selective pressures in buffaloes" 2365:. Also, the goddess Varahi in Indian culture is shown to possess a water buffalo and ride it. 2320:

In Indian mythology, evil is often represented by the water buffalo. The Hindu god of death,

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adorn their houses and clothing with motifs based on the buffalo's horns as a tribute to the

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important in hot climates, since they need wallows, rivers, or splashing water to assist in

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This article is about the domesticated water buffalo. For its endangered wild ancestor, see

11673: 11465: 11400: 11183: 10990: 10756: 10747: 10692: 10317: 10281: 10254: 9662: 9653: 9098: 9089: 7455: 7314: 7257: 7203: 6465: 6285: 6103: 4766: 4616: 3983: 3894: 3787: 3392: 3343: 3091: 2758: 2293: 2122: 1611: 1261: 1249: 941:, being domesticated between 3-7,000 years ago. The river buffalo dispersed west as far as 899: 845: 721: 673: 416: 296: 6095: 5944: 4804: 2218:, India) cloned a river-type water buffalo using a simplified SCNT procedure they called " 1415: 471:

in 1758; the species was known to occur in Asia and was held as a domestic form in Italy.

8: 10936: 10638: 10629: 10377: 10245: 10218: 10154: 9815: 9695: 9644: 7323: 7230: 6821: 6613: 5874: 5792: 5041:"Chemical composition of water buffalo milk and its low-fat symbiotic yogurt development" 4299:"In Karachi's cattle colonies, thousands of newborn buffaloes illegally killed each year" 2832: 2623: 2607: 2558: 2451: 1664: 1273: 895: 284: 70: 11405: 5263: 5008:"Physical and chemical composition of swamp and water buffalo milk: a comparative study" 4770: 4620: 3987: 3862:

Kumar, S.; Nagarajan, M.; Sandhu, J. S.; Kumar, N.; Behl, V. & Nishanth, G. (2007).

3791: 3396: 3347: 3095: 2240: 447: 11762: 11418: 11023: 11014: 10386: 10326: 10308: 10290: 10236: 10209: 10200: 9824: 9806: 9740: 9433: 9159: 8636: 8627: 8346: 7780: 7248: 7060: 7042: 6921: 6375: 6170: 5667: 5659: 5295: 5138: 4988: 4708: 4637: 4596: 4515: 4365: 4228:. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS). pp. 61–79. 4176: 4145: 4097: 4056: 4029: 4009: 3952: 3810: 3775: 3727: 3534: 3461: 3416: 3244: 2862: 2335: 2282: 1497: 1439:, to provide meat and hide. When the third attempt at settlement by the British on the 1424: 1269: 1219: 1166: 323: 241: 87: 31: 5040: 4957:

D'Ambrosio, C.; Arena, S.; Salzano, A.M.; Renzone, G.; Ledda, L.; Scaloni, A. (2008).

4272:

Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division, Agricultural Census Organization, Lahore.

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A male water buffalo is sacrificed in many parts of India during festivals associated

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water buffalo featuring a unique black and white colouration that is favoured by the

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article says the PCC is "close to producing the world's first water buffalo clone".

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shipments to neighbouring countries where sales prices are higher than in Thailand.

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The most probable ancestor of domesticated water buffalo is the wild water buffalo (

307:

of the Indian subcontinent and further west to the Balkans, Egypt and Italy and the

11705: 11509: 11050: 10804: 10795: 10674: 10515: 10506: 10299: 9971: 9962: 9910: 9901: 9749: 9722: 9635: 9415: 9023: 8449: 8440: 8430: 8403: 8124: 7993: 7194: 7185: 7176: 6958: 6949: 6885: 6812: 6803: 6591: 6576: 6521: 6472: 6434: 6424: 5651: 5326: 5279: 5055: 5019: 4970: 4774: 4632: 4624: 4571:"Photographer David Hancock's 30-year journey documenting Australia's wild buffalo" 4511: 4369: 4347: 4337: 4171: 4161: 4089: 4051: 4041: 3991: 3936: 3878: 3805: 3795: 3717: 3709: 3670: 3568: 3553: 3538: 3518: 3451: 3400: 3359: 3351: 3303: 3284: 3099: 3025: 2979: 2614:, wherein bulls get killed while fighting sword-wielding men, the festival held at 2248: 2226:. A few months later, a second cloned calf named Garima was successfully born. The 2219: 2204: 2184: 1230: 1062: 678: 555: 400: 11457: 3500: 3456: 3201: 11621: 11331: 10780: 10771: 10719: 10710: 10491: 9348: 9339: 8816: 8412: 7464: 7374: 7212: 7024: 6903: 6876: 6867: 6571: 6499: 6429: 6407: 6380: 6206: 6178: 6134: 5862: 5842: 5799: 5639: 5407: 5210: 5184: 5172: 4894: 4628: 4269: 4246: 4122: 4046: 3849: 3713: 3650: 3488: 3481:

Ko-evolusi dan Panarchy: Integrasi Ternak Kerbau dalam Sistem Sosial Etnis Toraja

3144:

Khan, G.; Church, S. K.; Harding, R.; Lunde, P.; McIntosh, J.; Stone, C. (2011).

3118: 2845: 2746: 2727: 2627: 2408: 2321: 2314: 1806: 1762:

Butter from water buffalo cream displays more stability than that from cow cream.

1368: 1305: 1198: 1170: 499: 374: 35: 11600: 11574: 5090:

Borghese, A. (2005). "Buffalo Cheese and Milk Industry". In Borghese, A. (ed.).

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Curaudeau, M.; Rozzi, R.; Hassanin, A. (2021). "The genome of the lowland anoa (

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In Chinese tradition, the water buffalo is associated with a contemplative life.

11143: 11126: 11111: 11100: 10980: 10918: 10548: 10539: 10064: 10013: 9934: 9925: 9866: 9704: 9406: 9228: 9219: 8774: 8741: 8723: 8211: 8021: 7896: 7735: 6723: 6695: 6598: 6581: 6566: 6212: 4778: 3231:(Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. pp. 383–384. 2958: 2576: 2416: 2412: 2391: 2223: 2165: 1794: 1746: 1372: 1321: 1317: 1257: 1174: 1003: 873: 582: 480: 292: 288: 6626: 5835: 5578: 5024: 5007: 4595:

Jenkins, D.J.; Williams, T.; Raidal, S.; Gauci, C.; Lightowlers, M.W. (2019).

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In Argentina, many game ranches raise water buffaloes for commercial hunting.

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Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities

4594: 3861: 3800: 3773: 3597: 816: 729:. Some of these plants are of great value to local peoples. Others, such as 342:

about 6,300 years ago, whereas the swamp-type originated independently from

11548: 11376: 11250: 10999: 10968: 10858: 10530: 10344: 10272: 10145: 10088: 10079: 9797: 9731: 9493: 9451: 9366: 9177: 8897: 8888: 8750: 8681: 8570: 8561: 8303: 8072: 7753: 7708: 7675: 7446: 7338: 7305: 7221: 6487: 6477: 6414: 6321: 5338: 5330: 5291: 4984: 4975: 4958: 4646: 4457:"Ireland's First Water Buffalo Farmer Signs €1M Contract with Aldi Ireland" 4361: 4185: 4065: 4005: 3890: 3819: 3530: 3412: 3289: 3039: 2569: 2286: 2183:

The first cloned water buffalos were born in 2007. Chinese scientists used

2172: 2050: 1549: 1464: 1325: 1313: 1301: 1194: 1109: 1043: 934: 853: 825: 805: 749: 711: 706: 686: 622: 392: 339: 335: 5060: 4116:"Situation and Perspectives of Buffalo in the World, Europe and Macedonia" 3948: 3675: 3573: 3177:

Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence

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custom to show the martial spirit of the local people of Do Son, Haiphong.

2073: 11626: 11517: 11385: 11336: 11255: 11235: 11230: 11208: 11198: 11173: 11168: 11153: 11116: 10620: 10368: 9530: 9484: 9475: 9424: 9376: 9237: 9079: 8672: 8663: 8491: 8285: 8276: 8266: 8160: 8003: 7813: 7804: 7717: 7560: 7482: 7365: 7290: 7281: 6658: 6387: 6341: 6293: 6240: 6235: 5625: 5585:(Revised and Expanded ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 83. 4932: 3143: 2824: 2823:

The Pulilan Carabao Festival is held annually every 14 and 15 May in the

2761:, but in Vihear Suor village, about 22 mi (35 km) northeast of 2562: 2420: 2383:, water buffaloes are often the most valuable possession of poor farmers. 2369: 2244: 2146: 1848: 1840: 1834: 1830: 1798: 1759:

much faster at higher fat levels and gives higher overrun than cow cream.

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is dried against the façade of a house in Yuanyang County, Yunnan, China.

1631: 1493: 1460: 1445: 1388: 1384: 1237:. The water buffalo breeds used are the Nili-Ravi, Kundi, and Azi Kheli. 1186: 998:

from wild populations after the initial domestication events. Twenty-two

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The Carabao Carroza Festival is held annually every May in the town of

2669: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2544:

Filipinos and American soldiers observed a water buffalo fight in 1906.

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Water buffaloes are also present in the southern region of Iraq in the

1095: 1039: 915: 716: 420: 384: 5521:"In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About Philippine National Symbols" 5283: 3722: 3218: 3030: 3013: 2548: 1602:

In 1974, four water buffaloes were imported to the United States from

1492:, as they had no guns at that time. As the herds expanded across into 1103: 1038:

analyses indicate that the two types were domesticated independently.

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Kumar, S.; Nagarajan, M.; Sandhu, J. S.; Kumar, N.; Behl, V. (2007).

3208:. Vol. v.1 (10 ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 72. 2710: 2354: 2301: 2196: 2118: 1697: 1660: 1581: 1540: 1396: 1293: 1284: 1182: 1158: 1128: 1073: 995: 984: 961: 923: 857: 801: 785: 726: 408: 104: 11347: 10894: 2644: 2222:". The calf, named Samrupa, did not survive more than a week due to 2065:

Their hides provide tough and useful leather, often used for shoes.

1022:, and Egyptian buffaloes. China has a huge variety of water buffalo 975:

to 400 CE). These became the ancestors of the distinctly swamp-type

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Heat-concentrated milk products in the Indian subcontinent include

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The Moh juj Water Buffalo Fighting Festival is held every year in

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wastes have been fed safely to buffalo. In Egypt, whole sun-dried

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

5384:"Philippines Close to Creating World's First Water Buffalo Clone" 4956: 3551: 2828: 2772: 2750: 2742: 2731: 2706: 2588: 2486: 2450:

A ceramic water buffalo from 2300 BC found in Lopburi, Thailand (

2380: 2372:, a half-buffalo and half-human demon, was killed by the goddess 2350: 2317:

of the Philippines, although this has no basis in Philippine law.

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programs, and are kept in many areas of Australia. Some of these

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impregnate 100 females in a year. A strong seasonal influence on

789: 781: 777: 753: 745: 741: 634: 592: 573: 484: 436: 404: 388: 381: 370: 351: 316: 174: 164: 154: 5987:. Janpath, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 4502:

Letts, G. A. (1964). "Feral Animals in the Northern Territory".

2965:): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b sequence variation" 2948:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1423:

Between 1824 and 1849, swamp buffaloes were introduced into the

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are fed to milk buffalo up to 25% of the standard feed mixture.

656: 621:. It contains a larger population of bacteria, particularly the 509:

continues to be valid for the domestic form and applies also to

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Wiley, Andra S. (2017). Cohen, Mathilde; Otomo, Yoriko (eds.).

4144:

Minervino, A.H.H.; Zava, M.; Vecchio, D.; Borghese, A. (2020).

3436:"Body morphometric measurements in Murrah crossbred buffaloes ( 3146:"The First Civilizations in Contact: Mesopotamia and the Indus" 2580: 2524:

The horns of water buffaloes sacrificed in West Sumba Regency,

2362: 2263: 2259: 2215: 1802: 1772: 1577: 1569: 1404: 1364: 1356: 1352: 946: 834: 830: 797: 793: 596: 428: 134: 114: 4609:

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Water buffaloes being washed in the Mutha river of Pune, India

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River- and swamp-type water buffalo are believed to have been

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Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food

5234:

University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Animal Diversity Web

4217:

Faruque, M. O.; Nomura, K.; Takahashi, Y.; Amano, T. (2004).

2812:

A water buffalo race at Vandar village, Udupi district, India

2373: 2358: 2339: 2300:) chosen by their kingdom against one by (traditionally) the 2098: 1867: 1847:

in Italy, karish, mish and madhfor in Iraq, alghab in Syria,

1784: 1780: 1753: 1453: 1432: 1428: 1333: 1329: 1234: 1223: 999: 942: 911: 763: 682: 672:

River buffaloes prefer deep water. Swamp buffaloes prefer to

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The Water Buffalo: New Prospects for an Underutilized Animal

5610:(Revised ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 83. 4143: 3304:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003).

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treated the wild and domestic forms of the water buffalo as

11267: 10055: 9385: 9273: 9255: 8912: 8765: 8169: 8036: 7852: 7126: 7087: 6439: 6392: 6223: 6200: 6024:. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 4732:"November cattle exports slow while buffalo shipments grow" 4216: 3250:(Second ed.). London: British Natural History Museum. 2877: 2622:

The Ma'Pasilaga Tedong Water Buffalo Fighting Festival, in

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Prince of Akkad, Ibni-Sharrum the Scribe his servant." The

2200: 2079: 1812: 1776: 1765: 1676: 1603: 1509: 1051: 980: 979:

buffalo breed of the Philippines which, in turn, spread to

366: 9523: 4298: 3776:"Phylogeography and domestication of Indian river buffalo" 3327:

Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P. (2004).

3014:"Asian water buffalo: domestication, history and genetics" 11287: 11138: 10665: 9264: 9210: 8142: 7524: 6274: 5608:

The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India

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The Chon Buri water buffalo racing festival, in downtown

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buffaloes will be slaughtered as tributes to the deities.

2149:

produced the first swamp-type water buffalo born from an

2092: 1026:, with 16 local swamp buffalo breeds in various regions. 767: 460: 5583:

The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India

5315: 5092:

Buffalo Production and Research. REU Technical Series 67

3229:

Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946

1745:

Water buffalo milk is processed into a large variety of

1197:

buffaloes. Swamp buffaloes occur only in small areas in

559:

An albino swamp buffalo in Chiang Mai province, Thailand

11272: 8515: 5576: 884:

Trâu Nội buffaloes tied near a barn in Lào Cai, Vietnam

645: 9058: 5249:"'Super carabao' making the scene in year of the rats" 5039:

Han, X.; Lee, F.L.; Zhang, L. & Guo, M.R. (2012).

3699: 3383:) illuminates the origin of river and swamp buffalo". 3378: 3241: 3219:

Ellerman, J.R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966).

2557:

The Pasungay Festival is held annually in the town of

2243:, the water buffalo is the third animal zodiac of the 5401:

Samrupa, World's first cloned buffalo calf from India

5354:"RP to produce Southeast Asia's first cloned buffalo" 1471: 617:

of the water buffalo differs from the rumen of other

6311: 5466:"Asal Usul Nama Minangkabau dan Sejarah Suku Minang" 5215:"Buffalo improve wildlife habitat in Cambridgeshire" 5006:

Khan, M.A.S.; Islam, M. N.; Siddiki, M.S.R. (2007).

3012:

Zhang, Y.; Colli, L. & Barker, J. S. F. (2020).

2310:

A water buffalo head was a symbol of death in Tibet.

3057: 956:from at least 2,500 years ago through the northern 496:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

6042:, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 5943:. Provincial Government of Bulacan. Archived from 5921:. Chennai, India. 27 February 2004. Archived from 5897:. Chennai, India. 27 February 2004. Archived from 4756: 4080:Domesticated Water Buffaloes in the Philippines". 3598:"Swamp buffalo rumen ecology and its manipulation" 3243: 3081: 1279: 1268:, these lands were reflooded and a 2007 report on 6009:. Washington, D.C. 1981. National Academy Press. 5632: 1320:knew of a herd of water buffaloes presented by a 572:is wide. The neck is comparatively long, and the 236:Global distribution of the water buffalo in 2004 11734: 5227: 5005: 3374: 3372: 2946:The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo 2880:– the common breed of domestic cattle from India 6656: 6056:. Medford, New Jersey: Plexus Publishing, Inc. 5736:Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art 5463: 5311: 5309: 5217:. Natural England East of England press office. 5209: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 2943: 2913: 2423:, and testifies to exchanges with Meluhha, the 1556:During the 1970s, small herds were imported to 4689:Sharp, K. (2009). Frontier to the Crossroads. 3625:Buffalo Population and Strategies in the World 2939: 2937: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2241:Thai and Sinhalese animal and planetary zodiac 1233:. The rest are mostly kept in the province of 1123: 1002:of the river buffalo are known, including the 11085: 6642: 6155: 5972:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 5937:"Pulilan Carabao Festival (Pulilan, Bulacan)" 3831: 3829: 3702:The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 3662: 3561:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 3369: 3270: 1990: 1985: 1328:in the mid-19th century that had resumed the 1094:indicate that swamp and river buffaloes were 864: 648:have been found compared to those in cattle. 377:king shows the sacrifice of water buffaloes. 64:Water buffalo spotted in Sylhet, Bangladesh. 5733:Brown, Brian A.; Feldman, Marian H. (2013). 5732: 5605: 5525:National Commission for Culture and the Arts 5489: 5487: 5306: 4839:"Water buffalo enlisted for Vermont venture" 4660: 4658: 4656: 4501: 4431: 4382: 4197: 4195: 4108: 3747:Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin 3608: 3491:. Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Kerbau 2010 3199: 3179:. Collingwood, Australia: Csiro Publishing. 3116: 3060:Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin 1851:in the Philippines, and vladeasa in Romania. 744:, the leaves, stems or trimmings of banana, 380:Water buffaloes are especially suitable for 334:of the domestic water buffalo. Results of a 6086:Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes 5793:Do Son: buffalo fighting festival (Vietnam) 5638: 5428:Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 3595: 3174: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2961:"Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo ( 2934: 2890: 2470:on a water buffalo (Art Institute, Chicago) 2228:Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes 1590:Other important herds in South America are 1484:word for buffalo, which are represented in 1260:was an attempt to punish the south for the 483:, whereas others treated them as different 11092: 11078: 6731: 6649: 6635: 6162: 6148: 6125:National Agricultural Innovation Project: 6071:, Second Edition. Smithsonian Institution. 5518: 5261: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4219:"Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo" 3826: 3656: 3634: 3120:The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 1854: 633:. In addition, higher levels of the rumen 523:, while the swamp type was referred to as 315:in the west through Southeast Asia to the 295:of water buffalo are recognized, based on 227: 55: 10966: 8438: 6040:Proceedings Animal Science Annual Meeting 5970:A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals 5498:. London: Helicon Publisher. p. 31. 5493: 5484: 5059: 5023: 4974: 4653: 4636: 4568: 4444:. London: Rowland Ward. pp. 118–128. 4353:1983/16f5e846-aea1-4b02-9dae-a268dac7f5df 4351: 4341: 4192: 4175: 4165: 4055: 4045: 3995: 3923:based on DNA sequences of the cytochrome 3809: 3799: 3758: 3721: 3674: 3572: 3455: 3288: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3029: 2788:A carabao cart in the Philippines in 1899 2685:Learn how and when to remove this message 2136: 2068: 2044: 1858:Top 10 water buffalo milk producers—2020 1548:Water buffaloes were introduced into the 10847: 8237: 6047:Livestock Research for Rural Development 5812:Do Son Buffalo Fighting Festival Vietnam 5089: 5068: 4912: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4442:Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats of all Lands 3478:Priyanto, D., Suradissastra, K. (2010). 2998: 2547: 2539: 2131: 2105: 2072: 1696: 1637: 1625: 1539: 1414: 1283: 1203: 1147: 1127: 879: 868: 815: 663: 655: 554: 446: 7138: 6709: 6020:Nowak, R. M. and Paradiso, J. L. 1983. 5889:"Bull race held at Kaakkoor peacefully" 4555: 4522: 4258:Agricultural Census Commission (2012). 4020: 3744: 2266:in China, sacrifice water buffaloes or 2160:. It was named "Glory" after President 2016: 1201:and are not distinguished into breeds. 1108:. A 2021 analysis of water buffalo and 651: 14: 11735: 6856: 6169: 6067:Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. 1993. 5802:, 14 September 2005, VietNamNet Bridge 5426:(Report). Hisar, Haryana, India: ICAR- 5272:Molecular Reproduction and Development 5048:Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4790: 4788: 4597:"The first report of hydatid disease ( 4385:"Buffalo and Buffalo Meat in Thailand" 3242:Corbet, G.B. & Hill, J.E. (1987). 3077: 3075: 3073: 3046: 2723:, annual water buffalo races are held. 2004:unofficial, semi-official, mirror data 852:rate. The age at the first oestrus of 387:, and their milk is richer in fat and 373:. The seal of a scribe employed by an 11352: 11351: 11073: 10965: 10834: 10833: 10439: 9522: 9057: 8514: 7976: 7122: 6708: 6630: 6528:Commodity theory of money (Metallism) 6143: 6054:The Natural History of Living Mammals 5759: 5556:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 50. 5549: 5464:Krisnawati, Ega (25 September 2020). 5351: 4683: 4488: 4484:. European Parliament. 18 March 2016. 4482:"Only 13 000 buffalo left in Romania" 4139: 4137: 4135: 3837:Buffalo Breeds and Management Systems 3385:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2817: 2800:Water buffalo racing at Babulang 2006 2535: 2407:Impression of a cylinder seal of the 876:herd at the Philippine Carabao Center 357:Water buffaloes were traded from the 8274: 5496:The Hutchinson Dictionary of Symbols 5191:from the original on 2 February 2009 4412:"Water Buffalo in the Iraqi Marshes" 4409: 4284:Breeds reported by Pakistan: Buffalo 4127:Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 3839:. Pages 51–76 in Borghese, A. (ed.) 2667:adding citations to reliable sources 2638: 2247:and the fourth animal zodiac of the 2199:, but without modifying or altering 1701:Dairy products of water buffalo milk 1544:A Murrah buffalo on a Brazilian farm 1407:are of the Anatolian buffalo breed. 1254:draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes 34:. For the wild African species, see 11099: 7123: 5824:Buffalo Fighting in Hai Luu Commune 4785: 4330:Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 3835:Moioli, B. and A. Borghese (2005). 3627:. Pages 1–39 in Borghese, A. (ed.) 3310:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 3277:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 3070: 2730:, 70 km (43 mi) south of 2634: 2390:is the second animal zodiac in the 2304:empire, to which their kingdom won. 1998: 1597: 1535: 1288:Buffaloes in Brașov County, Romania 922:Valley of China, and south through 24: 10440: 7977: 5962: 5739:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 187. 5716:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 5246: 5137:. Bandaru Organics. Archived from 4805:"Pointer Big Game | WATER BUFFALO" 4601:) in an Australian water buffalo ( 4516:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1964.tb01703.x 4132: 3444:Journal of Applied Animal Research 1472:Significance to Aboriginal peoples 1435:and probably other islands in the 1419:A feral water buffalo in Australia 1312:nomadic tribe that dwelt near the 1029: 544: 534:is considered a junior synonym of 411:. Feral herds are also present in 25: 11844: 6505:Akkadian standards of measurement 6075: 5770:. Calcutta, India. Archived from 5268:) oocyte with bovine spermatozoa" 5012:Italian Journal of Animal Science 4915:"Buffalo Production and Research" 4704:"Buffalo exports still suffering" 4454: 4261:Pakistan Agricultural Census 2010 3336:Journal of Archaeological Science 3246:A World List of Mammalian Species 3084:Journal of Archaeological Science 2741:water buffalo racing festival in 2508:Mục đồng thả diều, 19th century, 2419:is thought to have come from the 2212:National Dairy Research Institute 2007: 1729:, and slightly higher content of 1686: 966:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens 952:Swamp-type water buffalo entered 824:Swamp buffaloes generally become 11296: 6314: 5929: 5905: 5881: 5867: 5848: 5829: 5817: 5762:"Bonfire, feast & lots more" 5577:Fuller Christopher John (2004). 5228:Roth, J. & P. Myers (2004). 5165:Buffalo improve wildlife habitat 4877:. Associated Press (2006-11-23). 4383:Uriyapongson, Suthipong (2013). 3883:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01602.x 3623:Borghese, A., Mazzi, M. (2005). 2984:10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00309.x 2805: 2793: 2781: 2643: 2517: 2501: 2475: 2459: 2443: 2400: 2278:in Toraja) at several festivals. 1266:Firdos Square statue destruction 464:and the water buffalo under the 91: 11773:Introduced mammals of Australia 7001:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 6191:(W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes) 5836:Water Buffalo-fighting festival 5805: 5786: 5753: 5726: 5708: 5686:"Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum" 5678: 5599: 5543: 5512: 5457: 5442: 5421:ICAR-CIRB Annual Report 2015-16 5413: 5394: 5376: 5345: 5255: 5240: 5221: 5203: 5177: 5156: 5124: 5098: 5032: 4999: 4950: 4925: 4906: 4888:"Buffalo milk's curds and whey" 4880: 4862: 4852:"A Taste of Italy, Via Vermont" 4844: 4831: 4822: 4797: 4750: 4724: 4696: 4588: 4474: 4448: 4425: 4403: 4376: 4317: 4291: 4275: 4252: 4232: 4210: 4154:Frontiers in Veterinary Science 4072: 3963: 3912: 3855: 3842:Buffalo Production and Research 3767: 3738: 3693: 3643:Buffalo Production and Research 3629:Buffalo Production and Research 3589: 3545: 3494: 3472: 3427: 3320: 3297: 3264: 3235: 3212: 3193: 2654:needs additional citations for 2552:An unstaged water buffalo fight 1977: 1833:include braila in Romania, and 1410: 1280:In Europe and the Mediterranean 991:, among other smaller islands. 902:and behavioural criteria – the 811: 701:Water buffaloes thrive on many 330:) most probably represents the 7790:Central American red brocket ( 4933:"Crops and livestock products" 3168: 3137: 3110: 2952: 2411:, with the label: "The Divine 1520:are used for milk production. 1092:single-nucleotide polymorphism 668:Water buffalo wallowing in mud 40:Water buffalo (disambiguation) 13: 1: 6508: 6456:List of historical currencies 6361:Central bank digital currency 6022:Walker's Mammals of the World 5606:Fuller C. J. (26 July 2004). 5262:Patil, S.; Totey, S. (2003). 4869:"Buffalo make the mozzarella" 4504:Australian Veterinary Journal 4082:Philippine Journal of Science 3457:10.1080/09712119.2018.1502669 2944:Cockrill, W. R., ed. (1974). 2884: 2868:Italian Mediterranean buffalo 2525: 2490: 2466:The Hindu and Buddhist deity 2428: 2233: 2189:somatic cell nuclear transfer 1693:List of water buffalo cheeses 1341:Mediterranea Italiana buffalo 1069:of the northern Philippines. 969: 964:Nagsabaran site (part of the 820:A water buffalo calf in India 319:Valley of China in the east. 11322:List of domesticated animals 8497:Large subfamily listed below 8485:Large subfamily listed below 8473:Large subfamily listed below 6562:Standard of deferred payment 4712:. RN Breakfast. 10 June 2013 4629:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.03.011 3714:10.1080/15564894.2013.781084 3602:Proceedings Buffalo Workshop 3123:. Santa Barabara: ABC-CLIO. 2873:List of water buffalo breeds 2313:The carabao is considered a 2254:Some ethnic groups, such as 1973: 1963: 1953: 1943: 1933: 1923: 1913: 1903: 1893: 1883: 1621: 1371:, with a few hundred in the 933:independently. Results of a 833:occurs. Heat stress reduces 660:Water buffaloes in the water 551:List of water buffalo breeds 525:Bubalus bubalis carabanensis 505:is valid for the wild form. 7: 11833:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6992:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 6983:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 5519:Pangilinan, L. Jr. (2014). 4886:Fletcher, J. (2006-08-10). 3405:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107170 3152:. Cambridge. Archived from 3066:(Taipei Papers 2): 113–120. 2839: 2324:, rides on a water buffalo. 1970: 1960: 1950: 1940: 1930: 1920: 1910: 1900: 1890: 1880: 1152:A water buffalo in Cambodia 1124:Distribution of populations 1120:branching between the two. 442: 10: 11849: 11818:Mammals of the Philippines 6112:Feral buffalo in Australia 6098:Wild Asian (Water) Buffalo 5106:"[no title cited]" 4779:10.1016/j.agsy.2005.02.003 4666:"The feral water buffalo ( 4238:Micallef, H. (2015-11-24) 4047:10.1093/gigascience/giz166 2612:Spanish-style bullfighting 2178: 2048: 1872: 1865: 1862: 1690: 1143: 1136:buffalo in the Philippines 894:), which is native to the 865:Domestication and breeding 548: 458:first described the genus 29: 11808:Mammals of Southeast Asia 11768:Mammals described in 1758 11689: 11360: 11305: 11294: 11107: 11040: 11012: 10988: 10979: 10975: 10961: 10928:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 10919:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 10907: 10856: 10843: 10829: 10793: 10769: 10745: 10736: 10618: 10585: 10561: 10528: 10504: 10483:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 10462: 10453: 10449: 10435: 10399: 10357: 10180: 10171: 10125: 10101: 10077: 10035: 9984: 9960: 9951: 9923: 9899: 9892: 9846: 9786: 9762: 9675: 9624: 9600: 9576: 9552: 9543: 9539: 9518: 9473: 9374: 9365: 9337: 9313: 9208: 9148: 9139: 9111: 9087: 9078: 9074: 9053: 9012: 8988: 8910: 8886: 8862: 8838: 8787: 8763: 8712: 8607: 8583: 8559: 8535: 8531: 8510: 8490: 8478: 8466: 8429: 8392: 8368: 8335: 8311: 8302: 8265: 8228: 8182: 8122: 8113: 8085: 8034: 8001: 7992: 7988: 7972: 7918: 7884: 7850: 7826: 7802: 7772:Amazonian brown brocket ( 7706: 7673: 7649: 7616: 7592: 7568: 7559: 7495: 7444: 7420: 7387: 7336: 7303: 7279: 7147: 7134: 7118: 7105:Large family listed below 7098: 7093:Large family listed below 7086: 7070:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 7013: 6971: 6947: 6938: 6847: 6792: 6768: 6759: 6722: 6718: 6704: 6666: 6448: 6331: 6309: 6284: 6249: 6177: 5132:"Why Wear Horn Earrings?" 5025:10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.1067 4850:Mehren, E. (2003-09-22). 4837:Mehren, E. (2003-10-09). 4167:10.3389/fvets.2020.570413 3997:10.1017/S1751731117001719 3523:10.1017/S0967199402002216 3356:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006 3104:10.1016/j.jas.2008.05.010 2425:Indus Valley Civilisation 2417:long-horned water buffalo 2143:Philippine Carabao Center 1857: 1663:and for transporting the 1157:well-defined breeds: the 918:in the west, east to the 606:The swamp buffalo has 48 369:, in 2500 BC by the 359:Indus Valley Civilisation 247: 240: 235: 226: 203: 196: 88:Scientific classification 86: 77: 68: 63: 54: 49: 9169:Domestic water buffalo ( 7534:Central Asian red deer ( 7159:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 6545:Quantity theory of money 6366:Chattel/movable property 6000:Guinness Book of Records 5968:Clutton-Brock, J. 1999. 5854:Koh Samui Point (2017). 5841:16 February 2020 at the 5406:26 December 2022 at the 4268:27 December 2013 at the 4204:The Buffalo in the World 3780:BMC Evolutionary Biology 2914:Cockrill, W. R. (1977). 2769:Buffalo racing in Kerala 1739:conjugated linoleic acid 1630:Water buffaloes plowing 10047:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 9834:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 7939:Yucatan brown brocket ( 7168:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 7052:Philippine mouse-deer ( 6092:, Haryana state, India. 5454:. London: R. Ackermann. 5162:BBC News February 2004 5018:(Suppl. 2): 1067–1070. 4900:San Francisco Chronicle 4599:Echinococcus granulosus 4240:Water Buffalo Milk Soap 3848:20 October 2013 at the 3801:10.1186/1471-2148-7-186 3649:20 October 2013 at the 2833:St. Isidore the Laborer 2368:According to folklore, 2346:riding a water buffalo. 2342:left China through the 2296:that pitted a buffalo ( 2162:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 1733:compared with those of 1514:artificial insemination 1503: 1116:gene instead found the 1106: million years ago 1072:A 2008 DNA analysis of 945:, southern Europe, the 939:Mainland Southeast Asia 696: 518:Bubalus bubalis bubalis 344:Mainland Southeast Asia 10757:White-lipped peccary ( 10693:Philippine warty pig ( 10318:Yellow-backed duiker ( 10282:Black-fronted duiker ( 10255:White-bellied duiker ( 9876:Przewalski's gazelle ( 9099:Four-horned antelope ( 7897:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 7456:Visayan spotted deer ( 7315:European fallow deer ( 7258:Northern red muntjac ( 7204:Southern red muntjac ( 6604:Complementary currency 6533:Credit theory of money 6493:Depository institution 5985:Domestic Water Buffalo 5494:Tressider, J. (1997). 5331:10.1089/cell.2017.0051 5319:Cellular Reprogramming 4976:10.1002/pmic.200701148 4809:www.pointerbiggame.com 4569:Chaseling, O. (2022). 4434:"The Indian buffalo – 4245:18 August 2021 at the 3381:Bubalus depressicornis 3290:10.5962/bhl.part.29464 3271:Groves, C. P. (1971). 2553: 2545: 2483:Water Buffalo (Suigyū) 2137:In vitro fertilization 2087: 2069:Bone and horn products 2045:Meat and skin products 1702: 1646: 1635: 1545: 1437:Indonesian archipelago 1420: 1289: 1209: 1153: 1137: 1082:Bubalus mephistopheles 885: 877: 821: 669: 661: 560: 452: 273:domestic water buffalo 38:. For other uses, see 27:Species of large bovid 11803:Mammals of South Asia 11661:Paleobiology Database 11317:Human uses of animals 11194:Search and rescue dog 10937:Wild Bactrian camel ( 10639:Bornean bearded pig ( 10630:Palawan bearded pig ( 10219:White-legged duiker ( 9645:Red-fronted gazelle ( 7324:Persian fallow deer ( 7240:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 6913:Himalayan musk deer ( 6822:Reticulated giraffe ( 6587:Digital gold currency 6117:Breeds of Livestock: 5983:Fahimuddin, M. 1989. 5826:, Vietnam News Agency 5352:Hicap, J. M. (2007). 5171:27 March 2012 at the 5061:10.31989/ffhd.v2i4.96 4913:Borghese, A. (2005). 4537:"Feral Water Buffalo" 4432:Lydekker, R. (1898). 4114:Borghese, A. (2011). 3676:10.22459/A.09.2006.08 3574:10.5713/ajas.2000.918 3200:Linnaeus, C. (1758). 3117:McIntosh, J. (2008). 2551: 2543: 2336:Chinese philosophical 2262:in Indonesia and the 2132:Reproductive research 2111:Wildlife conservation 2106:Environmental effects 2076: 1700: 1691:Further information: 1641: 1629: 1608:University of Florida 1606:to be studied at the 1543: 1418: 1287: 1264:. After 2003 and the 1207: 1151: 1131: 954:Island Southeast Asia 926:and Southeast Asia). 883: 872: 819: 759:Leucaena leucocephala 681:. Some water buffalo 667: 659: 558: 451:A water buffalo skull 450: 11783:Mammals of Indonesia 11743:Domesticated animals 11184:Military working dog 11024:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 10684:Oliver's warty pig ( 10309:Red-flanked duiker ( 9714:Erlanger's gazelle ( 9434:Harnessed bushbuck ( 9160:Wild water buffalo ( 8637:East Caucasian tur ( 8628:West Caucasian tur ( 7781:Little red brocket ( 7249:Truong Son muntjac ( 7061:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 7043:Greater mouse-deer ( 6922:Siberian musk deer ( 6466:Coincidence of wants 6286:Representative money 6133:15 July 2014 at the 5913:"'Maramadi' winners" 5861:2 March 2017 at the 5644:History of Religions 4919:REU Technical Series 4893:20 June 2015 at the 4759:Agricultural Systems 4121:4 March 2016 at the 3929:Biochemical Genetics 3596:Wanapat, M. (2001). 3175:Long, J. L. (2003). 2759:Festival of the Dead 2719:of Thailand, and in 2663:improve this article 2357:in India, mostly in 2123:conservation grazing 1612:Gainesville, Florida 1262:1991 Iraqi uprisings 1250:Mesopotamian Marshes 861:have been recorded. 722:Eichhornia crassipes 691:saline sandy terrain 652:Ecology and behavior 532:Bubalus carabanensis 11813:Mammals of Thailand 11798:Mammals of Pakistan 11788:Mammals of Malaysia 10657:Celebes warty pig ( 10648:Visayan warty pig ( 10264:Red forest duiker ( 9996:Günther's dik-dik ( 9858:Mongolian gazelle ( 9663:Heuglin's gazelle ( 9654:Thomson's gazelle ( 8808:Long-tailed goral ( 8203:Mountain reedbuck ( 8194:Southern reedbuck ( 8046:East African oryx ( 7948:White-tailed deer ( 7727:Small red brocket ( 7694:South Andean deer ( 7637:Siberian roe deer ( 7628:European roe deer ( 7465:Philippine sambar ( 7432:Père David's deer ( 7034:Lesser mouse-deer ( 6895:Kashmir musk deer ( 6614:Time-based currency 6104:Creature features: 5947:on 20 December 2016 5901:on 28 January 2005. 5798:5 July 2007 at the 5531:on 26 November 2016 4771:2006AgSys..87..313S 4621:2019IJPPW...8..256J 3988:2018Anim...12..464P 3792:2007BMCEE...7..186K 3509:) hybrid embryos". 3487:13 May 2013 at the 3397:2021MolPE.16107170C 3348:2004JArSc..31..645G 3096:2008JArSc..35.2778Y 2624:Tana Toraja Regency 2452:Museum of Asian Art 2334:Legend has it that 1827:in Syria and Egypt. 1815:is used for making 896:Indian subcontinent 689:seaside shores and 629:, and higher fungi 494:In March 2003, the 285:Indian subcontinent 283:originating in the 277:Asian water buffalo 253:Linnaeus, 1758 71:Conservation status 11823:Mammals of Vietnam 10805:Collared peccary ( 10675:Flores warty pig ( 10516:Giant forest hog ( 10378:Maxwell's duiker ( 10300:Ruwenzori duiker ( 10246:Jentink's duiker ( 10155:Sharpe's grysbok ( 9911:Tibetan antelope ( 9816:Bright's gazelle ( 9750:Goitered gazelle ( 9723:Mountain gazelle ( 9696:Cuvier's gazelle ( 9636:Mongalla gazelle ( 9024:Pyrenean chamois ( 8450:Tibetan antelope ( 8404:Black wildebeest ( 7231:Reeves's muntjac ( 7195:Sumatran muntjac ( 7186:Gongshan muntjac ( 6959:Water chevrotain ( 6886:Alpine musk deer ( 6813:Southern giraffe ( 6804:Northern giraffe ( 6483:Clearinghouse bank 6171:Medium of exchange 6052:Voelker, W. 1986. 5941:Experience Bulacan 5774:on 4 February 2013 5760:Dutta, P. (2008). 5720:cartelfr.louvre.fr 5696:on 9 February 2023 5448:Upham, E. (1829). 5390:. 28 October 2009. 4738:. 17 December 2021 4709:ABC Radio National 4455:Rushe, Elizabeth. 4343:10.1111/tbed.12393 4094:10.56899/152.05.27 3941:10.1007/BF00570125 3935:(11–12): 443–452. 2863:Cattle in religion 2818:Religious festival 2771:is similar to the 2702:, the Philippines. 2554: 2546: 2536:Fighting festivals 2487:Katsushika Hokusai 2353:and some parts of 2088: 1703: 1647: 1643:Water buffalo dung 1636: 1634:in Java, Indonesia 1546: 1498:traditional owners 1490:Aboriginal peoples 1486:rock art paintings 1425:Northern Territory 1421: 1332:state in northern 1290: 1220:Okinawa prefecture 1210: 1199:northeastern India 1154: 1138: 886: 878: 822: 670: 662: 561: 453: 324:wild water buffalo 32:Wild water buffalo 11730: 11729: 11648:Open Tree of Life 11354:Taxon identifiers 11345: 11344: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11036: 11035: 10957: 10956: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10948: 10825: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10781:Chacoan peccary ( 10732: 10731: 10720:Javan warty pig ( 10711:Timor warty pig ( 10518:H. meinertzhageni 10492:Togian babirusa ( 10431: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10387:Walter's duiker ( 10327:Abbott's duiker ( 10291:Ogilby's duiker ( 10237:Harvey's duiker ( 10201:Brooke's duiker ( 10167: 10166: 9947: 9946: 9888: 9887: 9825:Peter's gazelle ( 9807:Grant's gazelle ( 9741:Speke's gazelle ( 9514: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9391: 9361: 9360: 9349:African buffalo ( 9180:B. depressicornis 9135: 9134: 9049: 9048: 9045: 9044: 8817:Himalayan goral ( 8639:C. cylindricornis 8506: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8462: 8461: 8425: 8424: 8413:Blue wildebeest ( 8347:Common tsessebe ( 8298: 8297: 8261: 8260: 8224: 8223: 8136:K. ellipsiprymnus 8109: 8108: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7908:P. mephistophiles 7864:P. mephistophiles 7555: 7554: 7251:M. truongsonensis 7213:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 7114: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7082: 7081: 7025:Java mouse-deer ( 6934: 6933: 6904:Black musk deer ( 6877:Dwarf musk deer ( 6868:Anhui musk deer ( 6843: 6842: 6806:G. camelopardalis 6755: 6754: 6624: 6623: 6609:Sectoral currency 6555:Market monetarism 6518:Code of Hammurabi 6307: 6306: 6299:Gold certificates 6015:978-0-309-04159-1 5925:on 1 August 2004. 5617:978-0-691-12048-5 5592:978-0-691-12048-5 5563:978-1-350-02997-2 5364:on 3 October 2020 5284:10.1002/mrd.10269 5230:"Bubalis Bubalis" 4969:(17): 3657–3666. 4874:Los Angeles Times 4857:Los Angeles Times 4410:Abid, H. (2007). 4305:. 2 February 2021 3666:The Austronesians 3090:(10): 2778–2785. 3031:10.1111/age.12911 2917:The water buffalo 2857:Bubalus murrensis 2717:Chonburi Province 2695: 2694: 2687: 2392:Vietnamese zodiac 2331:sect of Hinduism. 2203:material. A 2009 2185:micromanipulation 2083:dancer blowing a 1994: 1993: 1797:products include 1441:Cobourg Peninsula 1088:mitochondrial DNA 1036:mitochondrial DNA 1024:genetic resources 407:and northeastern 259: 258: 81: 16:(Redirected from 11840: 11793:Mammals of Nepal 11778:Mammals of India 11723: 11722: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11682: 11681: 11669: 11668: 11656: 11655: 11643: 11642: 11630: 11629: 11617: 11616: 11604: 11603: 11601:NHMSYS0020975275 11591: 11590: 11578: 11577: 11565: 11564: 11552: 11551: 11539: 11538: 11526: 11525: 11513: 11512: 11500: 11499: 11487: 11486: 11474: 11473: 11461: 11460: 11448: 11447: 11435: 11434: 11422: 11421: 11409: 11408: 11396: 11395: 11394: 11381: 11380: 11379: 11349: 11348: 11300: 11094: 11087: 11080: 11071: 11070: 10986: 10985: 10977: 10976: 10963: 10962: 10854: 10853: 10845: 10844: 10831: 10830: 10743: 10742: 10549:Common warthog ( 10540:Desert warthog ( 10460: 10459: 10451: 10450: 10437: 10436: 10336:Weyns's duiker ( 10210:Peters' duiker ( 10192:Aders's duiker ( 10178: 10177: 10065:Royal antelope ( 10023:Salt's dik-dik ( 10014:Silver dik-dik ( 10005:Kirk's dik-dik ( 9958: 9957: 9935:Saiga antelope ( 9897: 9896: 9836:N. soemmerringii 9705:Dorcas gazelle ( 9550: 9549: 9541: 9540: 9534: 9520: 9519: 9407:Mountain nyala ( 9390: 9389: 9381: 9372: 9371: 9327:P. nghetinhensis 9229:European bison ( 9220:American bison ( 9146: 9145: 9085: 9084: 9076: 9075: 9069: 9055: 9054: 8931:Domestic sheep ( 8775:Himalayan tahr ( 8742:Mainland serow ( 8724:Japanese serow ( 8533: 8532: 8526: 8512: 8511: 8436: 8435: 8309: 8308: 8272: 8271: 8235: 8234: 8212:Bohor reedbuck ( 8120: 8119: 8099:A. nasomaculatus 8022:Sable antelope ( 7999: 7998: 7990: 7989: 7983: 7974: 7973: 7736:Merida brocket ( 7566: 7565: 7507:Thorold's deer ( 7359:A. calamianensis 7242:M. rooseveltorum 7188:M. gongshanensis 7145: 7144: 7136: 7135: 7129: 7120: 7119: 6945: 6944: 6854: 6853: 6833:G. tippelskirchi 6766: 6765: 6729: 6728: 6720: 6719: 6706: 6705: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6628: 6627: 6592:Virtual currency 6577:Digital currency 6513: 6510: 6473:Bureau de change 6324: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6250:Domestic animals 6247: 6246: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6141: 6140: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5871: 5865: 5856:Buffalo Fighting 5852: 5846: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5692:. Archived from 5682: 5676: 5675: 5640:Hiltebeitel, Alf 5636: 5630: 5629: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5527:. Archived from 5516: 5510: 5509: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5461: 5455: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5425: 5417: 5411: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5388:Voice of America 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5360:. Archived from 5358:The Manila Times 5349: 5343: 5342: 5313: 5304: 5303: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5181: 5175: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5144:on 10 March 2016 5143: 5136: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4978: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4910: 4904: 4884: 4878: 4866: 4860: 4848: 4842: 4841:Chicago Tribune. 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4700: 4694: 4691:Outback Magazine 4687: 4681: 4680: 4674: 4662: 4651: 4650: 4640: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4499: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4416: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4389:Buffalo Bulletin 4380: 4374: 4373: 4355: 4345: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4295: 4289: 4279: 4273: 4256: 4250: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4223: 4214: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4179: 4169: 4150:: A Short Story" 4141: 4130: 4129:1 (#2): 281–296. 4112: 4106: 4105: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4059: 4049: 4024: 4018: 4017: 3999: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3899: 3893:. Archived from 3868: 3859: 3853: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3813: 3803: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3725: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3678: 3660: 3654: 3638: 3632: 3621: 3606: 3605: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3558: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3498: 3492: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3459: 3450:(1): 1307–1312. 3431: 3425: 3424: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3358:. Archived from 3333: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3249: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3079: 3068: 3067: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3033: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2969: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2930:on 16 June 2013. 2929: 2922: 2911: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2690: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2647: 2639: 2635:Racing festivals 2530: 2527: 2521: 2510:Đông Hồ painting 2505: 2495: 2492: 2479: 2463: 2447: 2433: 2432: 2217–2193 2430: 2404: 2249:Sinhalese people 2220:handmade cloning 2205:Voice of America 2175:before failing. 2158:vitrified embryo 2038: 2035: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1980: 1855: 1598:In North America 1536:In South America 1107: 1063:genetic distance 974: 971: 679:thermoregulation 625:bacteria, lower 540: 529: 528:(Castillo, 1971) 522: 521:(Linnaeus, 1758) 401:Papua New Guinea 254: 231: 209: 96: 95: 80: 59: 47: 46: 21: 11848: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11841: 11839: 11838: 11837: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11718: 11713: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11685: 11677: 11672: 11664: 11659: 11651: 11646: 11638: 11633: 11625: 11622:Observation.org 11620: 11612: 11607: 11599: 11594: 11586: 11581: 11573: 11568: 11560: 11555: 11547: 11542: 11534: 11529: 11521: 11516: 11508: 11503: 11495: 11490: 11482: 11477: 11469: 11464: 11456: 11451: 11443: 11438: 11432:bubalus-bubalis 11430: 11425: 11419:Bubalus_bubalis 11417: 11412: 11406:Bubalus_bubalis 11404: 11399: 11392:Bubalus bubalis 11390: 11389: 11384: 11375: 11374: 11369: 11362:Bubalus bubalis 11356: 11346: 11341: 11332:Military animal 11301: 11292: 11103: 11101:Working animals 11098: 11068: 11055: 11032: 11008: 10971: 10945: 10903: 10839: 10813: 10789: 10765: 10728: 10695:S. philippensis 10632:S. ahoenobarbus 10614: 10606:Red river hog ( 10581: 10557: 10524: 10500: 10474:Buru babirusa ( 10445: 10419: 10411:Common duiker ( 10395: 10353: 10163: 10121: 10097: 10073: 10031: 9980: 9943: 9919: 9884: 9869:P. picticaudata 9842: 9782: 9758: 9752:G. subgutturosa 9671: 9620: 9596: 9572: 9535: 9524: 9502: 9469: 9461:Cape bushbuck ( 9454:T. strepsiceros 9383: 9382: 9380: 9357: 9333: 9309: 9204: 9196:Mountain anoa ( 9131: 9125:B. tragocamelus 9107: 9101:T. quadricornis 9070: 9059: 9041: 9008: 8984: 8940:Bighorn sheep ( 8906: 8882: 8858: 8850:Mountain goat ( 8834: 8826:Chinese goral ( 8783: 8759: 8744:C. sumatraensis 8708: 8691:Siberian ibex ( 8655:Domestic goat ( 8603: 8579: 8555: 8547:Barbary sheep ( 8527: 8516: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8458: 8421: 8388: 8364: 8331: 8294: 8257: 8220: 8178: 8105: 8081: 8055:Scimitar oryx ( 8030: 8013:Roan antelope ( 7984: 7978: 7956: 7914: 7906:Northern pudu ( 7880: 7872:Southern pudu ( 7862:Northern pudu ( 7846: 7822: 7798: 7763:Pygmy brocket ( 7745:Dwarf brocket ( 7702: 7669: 7645: 7612: 7588: 7551: 7491: 7440: 7416: 7383: 7357:Calamian deer ( 7332: 7326:D. mesopotamica 7299: 7275: 7269:M. vuquangensis 7267:Giant muntjac ( 7177:Fea's muntjac ( 7130: 7124: 7106: 7094: 7078: 7009: 6967: 6930: 6888:M. chrysogaster 6839: 6831:Masai giraffe ( 6788: 6751: 6714: 6700: 6662: 6655: 6625: 6620: 6572:Unit of account 6511: 6444: 6430:Promissory note 6408:Deposit account 6381:Cheque clearing 6335: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6313: 6303: 6280: 6245: 6213:Precious metals 6180: 6173: 6168: 6135:Wayback Machine 6078: 5965: 5963:Further reading 5960: 5950: 5948: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5863:Wayback Machine 5853: 5849: 5843:Wayback Machine 5834: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5814:. Asiarooms.com 5810: 5806: 5800:Wayback Machine 5791: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5731: 5727: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5637: 5633: 5618: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5492: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5472:(in Indonesian) 5462: 5458: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5408:Wayback Machine 5399: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5350: 5346: 5314: 5307: 5266:Bubalus bubalis 5260: 5256: 5251:. inquirer.net. 5247:Uy, J. (2007). 5245: 5241: 5226: 5222: 5211:Natural England 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5173:Wayback Machine 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5112:on 26 July 2011 5104: 5103: 5099: 5088: 5069: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5004: 5000: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4911: 4907: 4895:Wayback Machine 4885: 4881: 4867: 4863: 4849: 4845: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4688: 4684: 4672: 4668:Bubalus Bubalis 4664: 4663: 4654: 4603:Bubalus bubalis 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4567: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4523: 4500: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4453: 4449: 4430: 4426: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4381: 4377: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4280: 4276: 4270:Wayback Machine 4257: 4253: 4247:Wayback Machine 4237: 4233: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4200: 4193: 4148:Bubalus bubalis 4142: 4133: 4123:Wayback Machine 4113: 4109: 4077: 4073: 4025: 4021: 3968: 3964: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3900:on 4 March 2016 3897: 3871:Animal Genetics 3866: 3860: 3856: 3850:Wayback Machine 3834: 3827: 3772: 3768: 3760:10.1.1.403.7868 3743: 3739: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3661: 3657: 3651:Wayback Machine 3639: 3635: 3622: 3609: 3594: 3590: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3507:Bubalus bubalis 3499: 3495: 3489:Wayback Machine 3477: 3473: 3438:Bubalus bubalis 3432: 3428: 3377: 3370: 3365:on 10 May 2012. 3362: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3302: 3298: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3240: 3236: 3225:H. Smith, 1827" 3217: 3213: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3156:on 3 April 2019 3142: 3138: 3131: 3115: 3111: 3080: 3071: 3056: 3047: 3018:Animal Genetics 3010: 2999: 2972:Animal Genetics 2967: 2963:Bubalus bubalis 2957: 2953: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2920: 2912: 2891: 2887: 2850:Syncerus caffer 2846:African buffalo 2842: 2820: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2691: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2660: 2648: 2637: 2628:Sulawesi Island 2538: 2531: 2528: 2522: 2513: 2506: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2471: 2464: 2455: 2448: 2439: 2431: 2409:Akkadian Empire 2405: 2315:national symbol 2236: 2224:genetic defects 2181: 2139: 2134: 2108: 2071: 2053: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2017: 2013:official figure 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1978: 1807:strained yogurt 1695: 1689: 1624: 1600: 1538: 1522:Melville Island 1506: 1474: 1413: 1403:Populations in 1369:North Macedonia 1318:Sir H. Johnston 1282: 1146: 1126: 1102: 1032: 1030:Genetic studies 973: 2200 BCE 972: 867: 814: 699: 685:are adapted to 654: 643: 553: 547: 545:Characteristics 539:Fitzinger, 1860 538: 536:Bubalus kerabau 527: 520: 500:scientific name 445: 271:), also called 268:Bubalus bubalis 252: 222: 211: 207:Bubalus bubalis 205: 192: 189:B. bubalis 90: 82: 73: 43: 36:African buffalo 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11846: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11711: 11695: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11683: 11670: 11657: 11644: 11631: 11618: 11605: 11592: 11579: 11566: 11553: 11540: 11527: 11514: 11501: 11488: 11475: 11462: 11449: 11436: 11423: 11410: 11397: 11382: 11366: 11364: 11358: 11357: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11309:Related topics 11306: 11303: 11302: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11212: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11144:Assistance dog 11136: 11135: 11134: 11129: 11127:Bactrian camel 11119: 11114: 11112:Asian elephant 11108: 11105: 11104: 11097: 11096: 11089: 11082: 11074: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11053: 11046: 11044: 11038: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11030: 11026:C. liberiensis 11020: 11018: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11006: 11000:Hippopotamus ( 10996: 10994: 10983: 10981:Hippopotamidae 10973: 10972: 10959: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10943: 10934: 10930:C. dromedarius 10925: 10915: 10913: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10892: 10883: 10874: 10864: 10862: 10851: 10841: 10840: 10827: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10811: 10801: 10799: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10777: 10775: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10753: 10751: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10726: 10717: 10713:S. timoriensis 10708: 10699: 10690: 10681: 10672: 10666:Domestic pig ( 10663: 10654: 10645: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10612: 10603: 10593: 10591: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10569: 10567: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10555: 10546: 10542:P. aethiopicus 10536: 10534: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10502: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10494:B. togeanensis 10489: 10480: 10470: 10468: 10457: 10447: 10446: 10433: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10407: 10405: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10384: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10345:Zebra duiker ( 10342: 10333: 10324: 10320:C. silvicultor 10315: 10306: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10273:Black duiker ( 10270: 10261: 10257:C. leucogaster 10252: 10243: 10234: 10225: 10216: 10207: 10198: 10188: 10186: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10161: 10152: 10146:Cape grysbok ( 10143: 10133: 10131: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10119: 10109: 10107: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10089:Klipspringer ( 10085: 10083: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10062: 10053: 10043: 10041: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10020: 10016:M. piacentinii 10011: 10002: 9992: 9990: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9968: 9966: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9941: 9931: 9929: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9907: 9905: 9894: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9878:P. przewalskii 9873: 9864: 9854: 9852: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9840: 9831: 9822: 9813: 9804: 9798:Dama gazelle ( 9794: 9792: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9747: 9738: 9732:Rhim gazelle ( 9729: 9720: 9711: 9702: 9693: 9683: 9681: 9673: 9672: 9670: 9669: 9660: 9651: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9594: 9590:A. marsupialis 9584: 9582: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9560: 9558: 9547: 9537: 9536: 9516: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9494:Common eland ( 9491: 9481: 9479: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9458: 9452:Greater kudu ( 9449: 9440: 9431: 9422: 9413: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9345: 9343: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9280: 9271: 9265:Domestic yak ( 9262: 9253: 9244: 9235: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9193: 9189:B. mindorensis 9184: 9178:Lowland anoa ( 9175: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9143: 9137: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9117: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9105: 9095: 9093: 9082: 9072: 9071: 9051: 9050: 9047: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9030: 9020: 9018: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8973: 8964: 8955: 8946: 8937: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8904: 8898:Nilgiri tahr ( 8894: 8892: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8856: 8846: 8844: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8832: 8823: 8814: 8805: 8795: 8793: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8771: 8769: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8751:Taiwan serow ( 8748: 8739: 8730: 8720: 8718: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8697: 8688: 8682:Iberian ibex ( 8679: 8670: 8661: 8652: 8643: 8634: 8625: 8615: 8613: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8571:Arabian tahr ( 8567: 8565: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8543: 8541: 8529: 8528: 8508: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8433: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8353: 8343: 8341: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8209: 8205:R. fulvorufula 8200: 8190: 8188: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8167: 8158: 8149: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8093: 8091: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8073:Arabian oryx ( 8070: 8061: 8052: 8042: 8040: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8019: 8009: 8007: 7996: 7986: 7985: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7950:O. virginianus 7945: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7869: 7858: 7856: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7816:O. bezoarticus 7810: 7808: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7787: 7778: 7769: 7760: 7756:M. gouazoubira 7754:Gray brocket ( 7751: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7540: 7531: 7522: 7513: 7509:C. albirostris 7503: 7501: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7480: 7471: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7405: 7395: 7393: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7372: 7363: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7293:E. cephalophus 7287: 7285: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7264: 7255: 7246: 7237: 7228: 7222:Leaf muntjac ( 7219: 7215:M. puhoatensis 7210: 7201: 7192: 7183: 7174: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7142: 7132: 7131: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7072:T. williamsoni 7067: 7058: 7049: 7040: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 6998: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6924:M. moschiferus 6919: 6915:M. leucogaster 6910: 6901: 6892: 6883: 6879:M. berezovskii 6874: 6864: 6862: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6726: 6724:Antilocapridae 6716: 6715: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6696:Laurasiatheria 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6631: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6599:Local currency 6596: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6582:Cryptocurrency 6574: 6569: 6567:Store of value 6564: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6530: 6525: 6522:§100; §122–125 6515: 6512: 2150 BC 6502: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6458: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6277:(Tibet, China) 6272: 6266: 6260: 6253: 6251: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6220:(cotton cloth) 6215: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6122: 6114: 6109: 6101: 6093: 6077: 6076:External links 6074: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6050: 6043: 6036: 6033: 6018: 6004: 5996: 5981: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5928: 5904: 5880: 5866: 5847: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5785: 5752: 5745: 5725: 5707: 5677: 5656:10.1086/462845 5650:(3): 187–195. 5631: 5616: 5598: 5591: 5569: 5562: 5542: 5511: 5504: 5483: 5456: 5441: 5412: 5410:. Topinews.com 5393: 5375: 5344: 5305: 5278:(3): 360–368. 5254: 5239: 5220: 5202: 5176: 5155: 5123: 5097: 5067: 5031: 4998: 4949: 4924: 4905: 4879: 4861: 4843: 4830: 4821: 4796: 4784: 4765:(3): 313–330. 4749: 4723: 4695: 4682: 4652: 4587: 4554: 4521: 4487: 4473: 4447: 4424: 4402: 4375: 4336:(2): 520–527. 4316: 4290: 4274: 4251: 4249:. saknepal.org 4231: 4209: 4191: 4131: 4107: 4071: 4019: 3982:(3): 464–471. 3962: 3911: 3877:(3): 227–232. 3854: 3825: 3766: 3737: 3708:(3): 317–335. 3692: 3685: 3655: 3633: 3607: 3588: 3567:(7): 918–921. 3544: 3517:(2): 155–162. 3493: 3471: 3426: 3368: 3342:(5): 645–651. 3319: 3296: 3263: 3256: 3234: 3211: 3192: 3185: 3167: 3136: 3129: 3109: 3069: 3045: 3024:(2): 177–191. 2997: 2978:(4): 253–264. 2951: 2933: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2853: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2766: 2754: 2735: 2724: 2714: 2703: 2693: 2692: 2675:September 2020 2651: 2649: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2620: 2600: 2596: 2577:lunar calendar 2573: 2566: 2561:, Iloilo, the 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2507: 2500: 2498: 2481: 2474: 2472: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2413:Sharkalisharri 2406: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2384: 2377: 2366: 2347: 2332: 2325: 2318: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2279: 2252: 2235: 2232: 2180: 2177: 2166:Joseph Estrada 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2107: 2104: 2070: 2067: 2049:Main article: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2015: 2006: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1838: 1828: 1823:in Italy, and 1810: 1795:Fermented milk 1792: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1747:dairy products 1688: 1687:Dairy products 1685: 1623: 1620: 1599: 1596: 1537: 1534: 1505: 1502: 1473: 1470: 1412: 1409: 1373:United Kingdom 1322:King of Naples 1281: 1278: 1258:Saddam Hussein 1169:, Marathwadi, 1145: 1142: 1125: 1122: 1031: 1028: 874:Murrah buffalo 866: 863: 813: 810: 703:aquatic plants 698: 695: 653: 650: 641: 546: 543: 489:nomenclatorial 477:Morrison-Scott 444: 441: 435:, Brazil, and 303:criteria: the 289:Southeast Asia 257: 256: 245: 244: 238: 237: 233: 232: 224: 223: 212: 201: 200: 194: 193: 186: 184: 180: 179: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 84: 83: 78: 75: 74: 69: 66: 65: 61: 60: 52: 51: 50:Water buffalo 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11845: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11758:Feral animals 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11748:Water buffalo 11746: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11721: 11716: 11712: 11707: 11701: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11688: 11680: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11623: 11619: 11615: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11597: 11593: 11589: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11532: 11528: 11524: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11402: 11398: 11393: 11387: 11383: 11378: 11372: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11350: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11314: 11311: 11308: 11307: 11304: 11299: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11283:Water buffalo 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11228: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11149:Detection dog 11147: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11140: 11137: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11124: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11102: 11095: 11090: 11088: 11083: 11081: 11076: 11075: 11072: 11052: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11043: 11039: 11029: 11027: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11005: 11003: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10964: 10960: 10942: 10940: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10921:C. bactrianus 10917: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10900: 10898: 10893: 10891: 10889: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10828: 10810: 10808: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10797: 10792: 10786: 10784: 10779: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10773: 10768: 10762: 10760: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10735: 10725: 10723: 10722:S. verrucosus 10718: 10716: 10714: 10709: 10707: 10705: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10668:S. domesticus 10664: 10662: 10660: 10659:S. celebensis 10655: 10653: 10651: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10611: 10609: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10588:Potamochoerus 10584: 10578: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10568: 10566: 10565: 10560: 10554: 10552: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10497: 10495: 10490: 10488: 10486: 10485:B. celebensis 10481: 10479: 10477: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10434: 10416: 10414: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10392: 10390: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10369:Blue duiker ( 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10350: 10348: 10343: 10341: 10339: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10284:C. nigrifrons 10280: 10278: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10266:C. natalensis 10262: 10260: 10258: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10212:C. callipygus 10208: 10206: 10204: 10199: 10197: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10184: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10160: 10158: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10139:R. campestris 10135: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10124: 10118: 10116: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10100: 10094: 10092: 10091:O. oreotragus 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10070: 10068: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10012: 10010: 10008: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9983: 9977: 9975: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9903: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9839: 9837: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9779: 9777: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9734:G. leptoceros 9730: 9728: 9726: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9679: 9674: 9668: 9666: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9638:E. albonotata 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9617: 9615: 9614:A. cervicapra 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9593: 9591: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9569: 9567: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9528: 9521: 9517: 9499: 9497: 9492: 9490: 9488: 9485:Giant eland ( 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9466: 9464: 9463:T. sylvaticus 9459: 9457: 9455: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9425:Lesser kudu ( 9423: 9421: 9419: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9387: 9379: 9378: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9354: 9352: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9330: 9328: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9306: 9304: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9240:B. domesticus 9238:Bali cattle ( 9236: 9234: 9232: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9212: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9104: 9102: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9091: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9052: 9038: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9005: 9003: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8981: 8979: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8942:O. canadensis 8938: 8936: 8934: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8889:Nilgiritragus 8885: 8879: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8855: 8853: 8852:O. americanus 8848: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8824: 8822: 8820: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8780: 8778: 8777:H. jemlahicus 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8673:Nubian ibex ( 8671: 8669: 8667: 8664:Alpine ibex ( 8662: 8660: 8658: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8576: 8574: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8530: 8524: 8520: 8513: 8509: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8431:Pantholopinae 8428: 8418: 8416: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8382:A. buselaphus 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8372: 8367: 8361: 8359: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8328: 8326: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8286:Grey rhebok ( 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8230:Aepycerotinae 8227: 8217: 8215: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8161:Nile lechwe ( 8159: 8157: 8155: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8078: 8076: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7994:Hippotraginae 7991: 7987: 7982: 7975: 7971: 7953: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7843: 7841: 7840:B. dichotomus 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7814:Pampas deer ( 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7801: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7774:M. nemorivaga 7770: 7768: 7766: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7718:Red brocket ( 7716: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7687:H. antisensis 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7666: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7642: 7640: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7585: 7583: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7548: 7546: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7527:C. canadensis 7523: 7521: 7519: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7486: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7476:R. timorensis 7472: 7470: 7468: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7434:E. davidianus 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7401:R. duvaucelii 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7380: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7366:Bawean deer ( 7364: 7362: 7360: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7296: 7294: 7291:Tufted deer ( 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7224:M. putaoensis 7220: 7218: 7216: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7170:M. crinifrons 7166: 7164: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7117: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7063:T. versicolor 7059: 7057: 7055: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 7004: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6927: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6870:M. anhuiensis 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6860: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6824:G. reticulata 6820: 6818: 6816: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6665: 6660: 6652: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524:; c. 1750 BC) 6523: 6519: 6516: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6323: 6312: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6257:Water buffalo 6255: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6226:(Roman world) 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6197:(Mesoamerica) 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6153: 6151: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6096:Animal Info: 6094: 6091: 6087: 6084:, created by 6083: 6080: 6079: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6062:0-937548-08-1 6059: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6030:0-8018-2525-3 6027: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5993:81-204-0402-5 5990: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5978:0-521-63495-4 5975: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5813: 5808: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5789: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5767:The Telegraph 5763: 5756: 5748: 5746:9781614510352 5742: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5695: 5691: 5690:Louvre Museum 5687: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5594: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5507: 5505:1-85986-059-1 5501: 5497: 5490: 5488: 5471: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5452: 5445: 5430:. 3 July 2016 5429: 5422: 5416: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5312: 5310: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5258: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5159: 5140: 5133: 5127: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5093: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5062: 5057: 5054:(4): 86–106. 5053: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4883: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4825: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4686: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4591: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4483: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4205: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4040:(2): giz166. 4039: 4035: 4031: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3686:9780731521326 3682: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3373: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3202:"Bos Bubalis" 3196: 3188: 3186:9780643099166 3182: 3178: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3132: 3130:9781576079072 3126: 3122: 3121: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2955: 2947: 2940: 2938: 2926: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2889: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2808: 2803: 2796: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2700:Pavia, Iloilo 2697: 2696: 2689: 2686: 2678: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2652:This section 2650: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2542: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2436:Louvre Museum 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388:water buffalo 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2251:of Sri Lanka. 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2010: 2001: 1997: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1967: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1947: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1917: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1887: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749:, including: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715:crude protein 1712: 1708: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1652:capital asset 1644: 1640: 1633: 1628: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1551: 1542: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:Bininj Kunwok 1479: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1316:at the time. 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1286: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1141: 1135: 1130: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:Mediterranean 1018:, Anatolian, 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908:swamp buffalo 905: 904:river buffalo 901: 900:morphological 897: 893: 892: 891:Bubalus arnee 882: 875: 871: 862: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 832: 827: 818: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774: 769: 765: 761: 760: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 723: 718: 714: 713: 708: 704: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 666: 658: 649: 647: 639: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 584: 579: 575: 571: 566: 557: 552: 542: 537: 533: 526: 519: 514: 513:populations. 512: 508: 504: 503:Bubalus arnee 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 467: 463: 462: 457: 456:Carl Linnaeus 449: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 391:than that of 390: 386: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 355: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328:Bubalus arnee 325: 320: 318: 314: 311:, found from 310: 309:swamp buffalo 306: 305:river buffalo 302: 298: 297:morphological 294: 290: 286: 282: 279:, is a large 278: 274: 270: 269: 264: 263:water buffalo 255: 251: 246: 243: 239: 234: 230: 225: 220: 216: 210: 208: 202: 199: 198:Binomial name 195: 191: 190: 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 169: 166: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99: 94: 89: 85: 79:Domesticated 76: 72: 67: 62: 58: 53: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Swamp buffalo 11828:Pack animals 11690: 11361: 11282: 11251:Riding horse 11025: 11013: 11002:H. amphibius 11001: 10991:Hippopotamus 10989: 10969:Whippomorpha 10938: 10929: 10920: 10908: 10896: 10887: 10878: 10869: 10857: 10806: 10794: 10782: 10770: 10758: 10746: 10721: 10712: 10703: 10694: 10685: 10676: 10667: 10658: 10650:S. cebifrons 10649: 10640: 10631: 10619: 10607: 10598: 10586: 10574: 10562: 10551:P. africanus 10550: 10541: 10531:Phacochoerus 10529: 10517: 10505: 10493: 10484: 10476:B. babyrussa 10475: 10463: 10412: 10400: 10388: 10380:P. maxwellii 10379: 10371:P. monticola 10370: 10358: 10346: 10337: 10328: 10319: 10311:C. rufilatus 10310: 10301: 10292: 10283: 10274: 10265: 10256: 10247: 10238: 10229: 10228:Bay duiker ( 10221:C. crusalbum 10220: 10211: 10202: 10193: 10181: 10173:Cephalophini 10156: 10148:R. melanotis 10147: 10138: 10126: 10114: 10102: 10090: 10078: 10066: 10058:N. moschatus 10057: 10048: 10036: 10024: 10015: 10006: 9998:M. guentheri 9997: 9985: 9974:D. megalotis 9973: 9961: 9936: 9924: 9913:P. hodgsonii 9912: 9900: 9877: 9868: 9860:P. gutturosa 9859: 9847: 9835: 9826: 9817: 9808: 9799: 9787: 9775: 9763: 9751: 9742: 9733: 9724: 9716:G. erlangeri 9715: 9706: 9697: 9689:G. bennettii 9688: 9676: 9664: 9656:E. thomsonii 9655: 9647:E. rufifrons 9646: 9637: 9625: 9613: 9601: 9589: 9577: 9565: 9553: 9495: 9487:T. derbianus 9486: 9474: 9462: 9453: 9444: 9435: 9426: 9418:T. eurycerus 9417: 9408: 9399: 9375: 9367:Tragelaphini 9350: 9338: 9326: 9314: 9302: 9293: 9285:B. javanicus 9284: 9275: 9267:B. grunniens 9266: 9257: 9249:B. frontalis 9248: 9239: 9230: 9221: 9209: 9197: 9188: 9179: 9170: 9168: 9161: 9149: 9124: 9112: 9100: 9088: 9035:R. rupicapra 9034: 9026:R. pyrenaica 9025: 9013: 9001: 8989: 8977: 8968: 8967:Snow sheep ( 8959: 8950: 8949:Dall sheep ( 8941: 8932: 8923: 8911: 8900:N. hylocrius 8899: 8887: 8876:O. moschatus 8875: 8863: 8851: 8839: 8827: 8818: 8809: 8800: 8788: 8776: 8764: 8752: 8743: 8734: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8700:Walia ibex ( 8692: 8684:C. pyrenaica 8683: 8674: 8665: 8656: 8648:C. falconeri 8647: 8638: 8629: 8620: 8608: 8597:B. taxicolor 8596: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8548: 8536: 8452:P. hodgsonii 8451: 8439: 8414: 8405: 8395:Connochaetes 8393: 8381: 8380:Hartebeest ( 8369: 8357: 8348: 8336: 8324: 8312: 8304:Alcelaphinae 8288:P. capreolus 8287: 8275: 8250: 8238: 8213: 8204: 8196:R. arundinum 8195: 8183: 8171: 8163:K. megaceros 8162: 8153: 8144: 8135: 8123: 8098: 8086: 8074: 8065: 8056: 8047: 8035: 8023: 8014: 8002: 7949: 7940: 7931: 7919: 7907: 7898: 7885: 7873: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7838:Marsh deer ( 7827: 7815: 7803: 7791: 7782: 7773: 7764: 7755: 7746: 7737: 7728: 7720:M. americana 7719: 7707: 7695: 7686: 7676:Hippocamelus 7674: 7662: 7650: 7638: 7630:C. capreolus 7629: 7617: 7605: 7604:Water deer ( 7593: 7581: 7569: 7544: 7535: 7526: 7517: 7508: 7496: 7484: 7475: 7467:R. mariannus 7466: 7457: 7445: 7433: 7421: 7409: 7408:Eld's deer ( 7400: 7399:Barasingha ( 7388: 7376: 7367: 7358: 7349: 7337: 7325: 7316: 7304: 7292: 7280: 7268: 7260:M. vaginalis 7259: 7250: 7241: 7232: 7223: 7214: 7205: 7196: 7187: 7178: 7169: 7161:M. atherodes 7160: 7148: 7071: 7062: 7054:T. nigricans 7053: 7044: 7035: 7027:T. javanicus 7026: 7014: 7002: 6993: 6984: 6972: 6961:H. aquaticus 6960: 6948: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6887: 6878: 6869: 6857: 6832: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6793: 6782:O. johnstoni 6781: 6769: 6745:A. americana 6744: 6732: 6694:Superorder: 6688:Infraclass: 6659:Artiodactyla 6488:Savings bank 6478:Central bank 6415:Legal tender 6322:Money portal 6256: 6126: 6118: 6105: 6097: 6082:Buffalopedia 6068: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6021: 6006: 5998: 5984: 5969: 5949:. 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Retrieved 3154:the original 3149: 3139: 3119: 3112: 3087: 3083: 3063: 3059: 3021: 3017: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2954: 2945: 2925:the original 2916: 2855: 2849: 2831:in honor of 2681: 2672: 2661:Please help 2656:verification 2653: 2592: 2570:Bhogali Bihu 2482: 2421:Indus Valley 2297: 2275: 2274:in Batak or 2271: 2267: 2209: 2193: 2182: 2173:8-cell stage 2170: 2151: 2140: 2127: 2109: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2078: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2051:Buffalo meat 2037:FAO estimate 2009: 2000: 1986: 1981: 1866:Production ( 1841:Soft cheeses 1831:Hard cheeses 1744: 1704: 1681: 1679:when dried. 1669:pack animals 1656:paddy fields 1648: 1601: 1589: 1586: 1555: 1550:Amazon River 1547: 1530: 1507: 1477: 1475: 1465:tuberculosis 1458: 1422: 1411:In Australia 1402: 1338: 1326:Bey of Tunis 1314:Danube River 1291: 1247: 1243: 1228: 1211: 1155: 1139: 1113: 1110:lowland anoa 1100: 1080: 1071: 1055: 1047: 1044:cytochrome b 1033: 993: 951: 935:phylogenetic 931:domesticated 928: 910:(found from 907: 903: 889: 887: 839: 826:reproductive 823: 812:Reproduction 771: 757: 750:Mangelwurzel 739: 734: 731:E. crassipes 730: 720: 715:, a kind of 712:Arundo donax 710: 700: 671: 623:cellulolytic 612: 605: 589:Tedong bonga 588: 587: 562: 535: 531: 524: 517: 515: 506: 502: 493: 481:conspecifics 468: 459: 454: 393:dairy cattle 379: 365:, in modern 356: 340:domesticated 336:phylogenetic 327: 321: 308: 304: 276: 272: 267: 266: 262: 260: 249: 248: 206: 204: 188: 187: 175: 145:Artiodactyla 44: 11691:Bos bubalis 11518:iNaturalist 11386:Wikispecies 11337:Pack animal 11256:Stock horse 11236:Guide horse 11231:Draft horse 11209:Therapy dog 11199:Service dog 11174:Hunting dog 11169:Herding dog 11154:Draught dog 11117:Bali cattle 10879:L. guanicoe 10738:Tayassuidae 10702:Wild boar ( 10641:S. barbatus 10599:P. larvatus 10575:P. salvania 10573:Pygmy hog ( 10507:Hylochoerus 10360:Philantomba 10248:C. jentinki 10230:C. dorsalis 10183:Cephalophus 10067:N. pygmaeus 10025:M. saltiana 9963:Dorcatragus 9937:S. tatarica 9827:N. petersii 9765:Litocranius 9665:E. tilonura 9612:Blackbuck ( 9588:Springbok ( 9531:Antilopinae 9529:(subfamily 9476:Taurotragus 9443:Sitatunga ( 9436:T. scriptus 9427:T. imberbis 9384:(including 9377:Tragelaphus 9198:B. quarlesi 9080:Boselaphini 9064:(subfamily 8969:O. nivicola 8810:N. caudatus 8799:Red goral ( 8790:Naemorhedus 8753:C. swinhoei 8733:Red serow ( 8715:Capricornis 8693:C. sibirica 8630:C. caucasia 8621:C. aegagrus 8619:Wild goat ( 8573:A. jayakari 8562:Arabitragus 8521:(subfamily 8492:Antilopinae 8415:C. taurinus 8358:D. pygargus 8251:A. melampus 8172:K. vardonii 8134:Waterbuck ( 8075:O. leucoryx 8004:Hippotragus 7932:O. hemionus 7930:Mule deer ( 7829:Blastocerus 7738:M. bricenii 7696:H. bisulcus 7663:R. tarandus 7639:C. pygargus 7561:Capreolinae 7543:Sika deer ( 7485:R. unicolor 7474:Rusa deer ( 7377:A. porcinus 7197:M. montanus 6994:M. kathygre 6743:Pronghorn ( 6734:Antilocapra 6440:Safekeeping 6294:Bimetallism 6209:(W. Africa) 5951:26 December 4615:: 256–259. 4466:16 November 4436:Bos bubalis 4419:Nature Iraq 4034:GigaScience 3904:19 February 3283:: 269–272. 3160:11 December 2753:, Malaysia. 2563:Philippines 2559:San Joaquin 2529: 1936 2494: 1875 2485:painted by 2370:Mahishasura 2283:Minangkabau 2147:Nueva Ecija 1987:134,425,197 1849:kesong puti 1707:fatty acids 1675:, and as a 1632:rice fields 1526:bush pilots 1518:crossbreeds 1494:Arnhem Land 1478:Nganabbarru 1461:brucellosis 1446:Arnhem Land 1389:Switzerland 1385:Netherlands 1187:Pandharpuri 1034:Results of 958:Philippines 608:chromosomes 530:. However, 469:Bos bubalis 417:New Ireland 413:New Britain 385:rice fields 363:Mesopotamia 301:behavioural 250:Bos bubalis 161:Subfamily: 11737:Categories 11706:Q109646856 11241:Pack horse 11189:Police dog 11015:Choeropsis 10897:L. vicugna 10783:C. wagneri 10686:S. oliveri 10677:S. heureni 10413:S. grimmia 10402:Sylvicapra 10389:P. walteri 10302:C. rubidis 10293:C. ogilbyi 10239:C. harveyi 10203:C. brookei 10157:R. sharpei 10137:Steenbok ( 10128:Raphicerus 10080:Oreotragus 9953:Neotragini 9902:Pantholops 9818:N. notatus 9776:L. walleri 9725:G. gazella 9698:G. cuvieri 9687:Chinkara ( 9579:Antidorcas 9566:A. clarkei 9555:Ammodorcas 9545:Antilopini 9445:T. spekeii 9409:T. buxtoni 9400:T. angasii 9292:Wild yak ( 9276:B. indicus 9231:B. bonasus 9171:B. bubalis 9114:Boselaphus 9090:Tetracerus 8960:O. gmelini 8828:N. griseus 8801:N. baileyi 8766:Hemitragus 8735:C. rubidus 8726:C. crispus 8675:C. nubiana 8538:Ammotragus 8441:Pantholops 8371:Alcelaphus 8356:Bontebok ( 8349:D. lunatus 8338:Damaliscus 8325:B. hunteri 8214:R. redunca 8115:Reduncinae 8066:O. gazella 8015:H. equinus 7941:O. pandora 7921:Odocoileus 7805:Ozotoceros 7661:Reindeer ( 7606:H. inermis 7595:Hydropotes 7518:C. elaphus 7516:Red deer ( 7458:R. alfredi 7375:Hog deer ( 7233:M. reevesi 7206:M. muntjak 7036:T. kanchil 7003:M. meminna 6950:Hyemoschus 6940:Tragulidae 6897:M. cupreus 6815:G. giraffa 6761:Giraffidae 6712:Ruminantia 6550:Monetarism 6538:Chartalism 6435:Redemption 6425:Possession 6388:Clay token 6241:Trade bead 6195:Cocoa bean 6179:Commodity 6090:Hisar city 5778:19 January 5626:069112048X 4963:Proteomics 4942:25 October 4814:6 November 4399:: 329–332. 4309:6 November 4160:: 570413. 3786:(1): 186. 3723:1885/22954 3503:Bos taurus 3391:: 107170. 3257:0565009885 2885:References 2825:Philippine 2763:Phnom Penh 2583:Township, 2344:Hangu Pass 2234:In culture 2197:germplasms 1891:37,256,000 1881:90,026,273 1845:mozzarella 1821:mascarpone 1727:phosphorus 1673:fertilizer 1616:mozzarella 1558:Costa Rica 1397:phenotypic 1167:Jafarabadi 1098:in China. 1040:Sequencing 916:East India 848:rate, and 846:conception 776:, peanut, 717:Cyperaceae 549:See also: 507:B. bubalis 421:Irian Jaya 395:. A large 11763:Livestock 11327:Livestock 11179:Mercy dog 11164:Guide dog 11159:Guard dog 11132:Dromedary 10967:Suborder 10877:Guanaco ( 10849:Camelidae 10835:Suborder 10807:D. tajacu 10796:Dicotyles 10772:Catagonus 10759:T. pecari 10704:S. scrofa 10608:P. porcus 10597:Bushpig ( 10465:Babyrousa 10441:Suborder 10338:C. weynsi 10329:C. spadix 10194:C. adersi 10115:O. ourebi 10049:N. batesi 10038:Neotragus 10007:M. kirkii 9809:N. granti 9774:Gerenuk ( 9743:G. spekei 9707:G. dorcas 9564:Dibatag ( 9351:S. caffer 9316:Pseudoryx 9303:B. taurus 9283:Banteng ( 9258:B. gaurus 9187:Tamaraw ( 9033:Chamois ( 9015:Rupicapra 9002:P. nayaur 8978:O. vignei 8958:Mouflon ( 8657:C. hircus 8646:Markhor ( 8549:A. lervia 8314:Beatragus 8240:Aepyceros 8064:Gemsbok ( 8057:O. dammah 7899:P. carlae 7792:M. temama 7783:M. rufina 7747:M. chunyi 7729:M. bororo 7619:Capreolus 7545:C. nippon 7536:C. hanglu 7423:Elaphurus 7368:A. kuhlii 7282:Elaphodus 7150:Muntiacus 6985:M. indica 6974:Moschiola 6906:M. fuscus 6849:Moschidae 6710:Suborder 6670:Kingdom: 6259:(SE Asia) 6189:Axe-money 6106:Buffaloes 5918:The Hindu 5894:The Hindu 5875:"Kambala" 5845:. Youtube 5672:162925746 5535:8 January 5434:11 August 5148:14 August 4395:(Sp. 1). 4102:263317713 4014:206340224 3755:CiteSeerX 3753:: 72–78. 3732:131368496 3583:2765-0189 3421:232772124 2711:Karnataka 2709:races of 2593:Hien Sinh 2572:in Assam. 2512:, Vietnam 2454:, Berlin) 2355:Rajasthan 2302:Majapahit 2210:In 2009, 2154:-produced 2145:(PCC) in 2141:In 2004, 2119:waterfowl 1968:Indonesia 1921:1,380,600 1911:1,747,641 1901:2,919,966 1837:in Egypt. 1661:threshing 1622:Husbandry 1582:Venezuela 1480:" is the 1294:Longobard 1183:Nili-Ravi 1159:Bhadawari 1096:crossbred 1074:Neolithic 996:gene flow 985:Indonesia 962:Neolithic 924:Indochina 858:Gestation 802:pineapple 800:pulp and 786:sugarcane 766:, maize, 727:Juncaceae 631:zoospores 619:ruminants 565:Albinoids 409:Argentina 183:Species: 111:Kingdom: 105:Eukaryota 11700:Wikidata 11588:14200694 11536:10212873 11371:Wikidata 11278:Reindeer 11246:Pit pony 11204:Sled dog 10939:C. ferus 10895:Vicuña ( 10888:L. pacos 10886:Alpaca ( 10870:L. glama 10837:Tylopoda 10347:C. zebra 10275:C. niger 9849:Procapra 9627:Eudorcas 9603:Antilope 9340:Syncerus 9301:Cattle ( 9294:B. mutus 9222:B. bison 9162:B. arnee 9123:Nilgai ( 9000:Bharal ( 8991:Pseudois 8951:O. dalli 8933:O. aries 8924:O. ammon 8922:Argali ( 8874:Muskox ( 8841:Oreamnos 8819:N. goral 8702:C. walie 8586:Budorcas 8523:Caprinae 8468:Caprinae 8323:Hirola ( 8267:Peleinae 8249:Impala ( 8154:K. leche 8152:Lechwe ( 8048:O. beisa 8024:H. niger 7685:Taruca ( 7652:Rangifer 7582:A. alces 7483:Sambar ( 7410:R. eldii 7390:Rucervus 7348:Chital ( 7140:Cervinae 7127:Cervidae 7088:Cervidae 7016:Tragulus 6690:Eutheria 6684:Mammalia 6678:Chordata 6676:Phylum: 6672:Animalia 6398:Currency 6376:Clearing 6356:Banknote 6351:Bailment 6271:(Arabia) 6232:(barley) 6218:Quachtli 6131:Archived 5859:Archived 5839:Archived 5796:Archived 5700:22 March 5404:Archived 5339:29620444 5300:34587206 5292:12548668 5213:(2008). 5189:Archived 5169:Archived 4993:25778239 4985:18668696 4891:Archived 4854:(2003). 4647:30976509 4575:ABC News 4397:Citeseer 4362:26189329 4266:Archived 4243:Archived 4186:33335917 4119:Archived 4066:32083286 4006:28735584 3957:22075565 3891:17459014 3846:Archived 3820:17915036 3647:Archived 3531:12056456 3485:Archived 3466:91784677 3413:33798669 3316:: 81–84. 3040:31967365 2840:See also 2827:town of 2739:Babulang 2728:Chonburi 2721:Pakistan 2616:Ko Samui 2608:Songkran 2604:Ko Samui 2585:Haiphong 2329:Shaktism 2270:(called 2152:in vitro 2115:wetlands 2085:hornpipe 1958:Mongolia 1888:Pakistan 1863:Country 1843:include 1825:alkarish 1735:cow milk 1711:proteins 1592:Colombia 1574:Suriname 1349:Bulgaria 1008:NiliRavi 989:Malaysia 773:Pandanus 735:A. donax 644:-N) and 638:nitrogen 627:protozoa 601:Sulawesi 473:Ellerman 466:binomial 443:Taxonomy 433:Suriname 425:Colombia 375:Akkadian 371:Meluhhas 332:ancestor 242:Synonyms 215:Linnaeus 151:Family: 135:Mammalia 125:Chordata 121:Phylum: 115:Animalia 101:Domain: 11720:7939863 11640:1479040 11575:1006269 11497:7422937 11051:Cetacea 11042:Cetacea 10910:Camelus 10868:Llama ( 10748:Tayassu 10564:Porcula 10113:Oribi ( 10104:Ourebia 9987:Madoqua 9972:Beira ( 9893:Saigini 9800:N. dama 9678:Gazella 9527:Bovidae 9525:Family 9496:T. oryx 9416:Bongo ( 9398:Nyala ( 9325:Saola ( 9247:Gayal ( 9151:Bubalus 9066:Bovinae 9062:Bovidae 9060:Family 8976:Urial ( 8666:C. ibex 8595:Takin ( 8519:Bovidae 8517:Family 8480:Bovinae 8406:C. gnou 8185:Redunca 8097:Addax ( 7981:Bovidae 7979:Family 7887:Pudella 7874:P. pudu 7765:M. nana 7580:Moose ( 7350:A. axis 7317:D. dama 7179:M. feae 7125:Family 7100:Bovidae 7045:T. napu 6859:Moschus 6795:Giraffa 6780:Okapi ( 6682:Class: 6661:species 6657:Extant 6449:General 6403:Deposit 6393:Coinage 6265:(Hindu) 6207:Manilla 6003:, 2005. 5664:1062467 5368:21 June 4937:fao.org 4767:Bibcode 4679:. 2011. 4638:6430717 4617:Bibcode 4541:Trishan 4370:9463614 4177:7736047 4057:7033652 3984:Bibcode 3949:9126673 3927:gene". 3921:Bubalus 3811:2140268 3788:Bibcode 3539:9950985 3393:Bibcode 3344:Bibcode 3223:Bubalus 3221:"Genus 3092:Bibcode 2992:9745663 2829:Pulilan 2773:Kambala 2751:Sarawak 2743:Sarawak 2732:Bangkok 2707:Kambala 2589:Vietnam 2496:, Japan 2381:Vietnam 2351:Gujarat 2290:Sumatra 2239:In the 2201:genetic 2187:-based 2179:Cloning 2059:rendang 1961:104,645 1951:128,000 1941:205,102 1938:Myanmar 1931:253,830 1817:ricotta 1789:basundi 1731:lactose 1723:calcium 1665:sheaves 1566:Cayenne 1562:Ecuador 1454:dingoes 1450:Top End 1427:, from 1393:Hungary 1381:Germany 1377:Ireland 1361:Albania 1345:Romania 1324:to the 1304:of the 1298:Agilulf 1274:Dhi Qar 1239:Karachi 1215:carabao 1179:Nagpuri 1171:Mehsana 1144:In Asia 1134:carabao 1118:tamaraw 1078:extinct 1067:tamaraw 1059:species 1056:Bubalus 1016:Carabao 977:carabao 920:Yangtze 854:heifers 850:calving 842:oestrus 794:turnips 790:bagasse 782:soybean 778:sorghum 754:esparto 746:cassava 742:alfalfa 635:ammonia 593:piebald 574:withers 485:species 437:Uruguay 405:Tunisia 389:protein 382:tilling 352:Balkans 317:Yangtze 176:Bubalus 171:Genus: 165:Bovinae 155:Bovidae 141:Order: 131:Class: 11666:149716 11653:641187 11562:552476 11484:BUBABU 11471:311907 11427:ARKive 11377:Q42710 11216:Donkey 10455:Suidae 10056:Suni ( 9789:Nanger 9274:Zebu ( 9256:Gaur ( 9141:Bovini 8865:Ovibos 8170:Puku ( 8145:K. kob 7709:Mazama 7498:Cervus 6771:Okapia 6461:Barter 6420:Notary 6371:Cheque 6236:Shells 6230:Shekel 6203:(rice) 6119:Murrah 6060: 6049:11 (3) 6028: 6013: 5991: 5976: 5743: 5670: 5662: 5624: 5614: 5589: 5560: 5502: 5476:24 May 5337: 5298: 5290: 5116:17 May 4991: 4983: 4742:4 June 4716:4 June 4645: 4635: 4580:4 June 4547:4 June 4543:. 2021 4461:Forbes 4368: 4360: 4184: 4174: 4100: 4064: 4054: 4012: 4004: 3976:Animal 3955: 3947: 3889: 3818: 3808: 3757: 3730: 3683: 3581: 3537: 3529: 3511:Zygote 3464: 3419: 3411: 3254: 3183: 3127: 3038: 2990: 2775:races. 2747:Bisaya 2587:City, 2581:Do Son 2363:Vahana 2294:legend 2276:tedong 2268:kerbau 2264:Derung 2260:Toraja 2216:Karnal 1979: 1971:89,983 1868:tonnes 1803:yogurt 1773:paneer 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