137:
168:
of
Western Japanese. The Tokai–Tosan dialect has three sub-groups: Gifu–Aichi, Echigo, and Nagano–Yamanashi–Shizuoka. These are transitional between Western and Eastern Japanese; which branch of the family they fall in depends on which
141:
Chartreuse: the transitional Tōkai–Tōsan dialects (Gifu–Aichi and Echigo), with both
Eastern and Western features. Green: prototypical Eastern Japanese dialects (Yamanashi, Nagano, Eastern Shizuoka).
1695:
1546:
1742:
489:
1541:
17:
1782:
1168:
1163:
647:
1048:
1754:
1473:
174:
1427:
1422:
948:
482:
1596:
1437:
1153:
1568:
1407:
966:
654:
1301:
1281:
1085:
1038:
1777:
1417:
475:
1291:
1702:
1680:
1468:
1737:
1675:
1665:
1629:
1527:
1478:
1402:
1377:
986:
1043:
1121:
1138:
1322:
1619:
1508:
981:
527:
517:
1670:
1493:
1397:
1271:
1073:
1008:
522:
407:
247:
190:
8:
1719:
1601:
1573:
1488:
1068:
429:
194:
1013:
1749:
1690:
1611:
1498:
1432:
1317:
1030:
772:
265:
1018:
854:
803:
298:
127:
1578:
1513:
1483:
1286:
1105:
1090:
1063:
1058:
996:
934:
909:
844:
718:
556:
546:
537:
498:
456:
186:
157:
78:
73:
762:
561:
1707:
1685:
1463:
1259:
1100:
902:
892:
887:
875:
728:
664:
620:
318:
291:
281:
233:
165:
83:
1228:
823:
767:
605:
1732:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1095:
868:
779:
679:
640:
635:
596:
576:
378:
356:
314:
287:
269:
65:
861:
161:
1727:
1078:
1053:
976:
956:
929:
880:
832:
796:
750:
694:
689:
669:
425:
385:
374:
362:
349:
255:
Kōshū a.k.a. Yamanashi dialect (Yamanashi
Prefecture, especially western area)
1771:
1518:
1264:
1243:
961:
813:
757:
625:
615:
591:
581:
571:
415:
345:
339:
329:
213:
1503:
1332:
897:
791:
735:
704:
699:
512:
335:
325:
240:
164:. The dialects spoken in the northwest Chubu region are classified as the
1558:
786:
273:
436:
1587:
1553:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1233:
136:
185:
The Nagano–Yamanashi–Shizuoka a.k.a. Na-Ya-Shi dialects are spoken in
1367:
1296:
1276:
1218:
451:
392:
120:
108:
1238:
1223:
467:
1532:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1130:
971:
170:
1647:
56:
1624:
1563:
1180:
1642:
1175:
1143:
419:
366:
455:
the teacher teaches students differences between the standard
246:
Enshū dialect (western
Shizuoka Prefecture, formerly known as
1637:
1185:
1148:
46:
239:
Izu dialect (eastern
Shizuoka Prefecture, formerly known as
1195:
321:. They share many grammar features with Western Japanese.
297:
Jōetsu dialect (western
Niigata Prefecture, centered
406:Mountain village dialects that retain fragments of
313:The Gifu–Aichi a.k.a. Gi–A dialects are spoken in
209:Nagano a.k.a. Shinshū dialect (Nagano Prefecture)
27:Group of Japanese dialects spoken in Chūbu, Japan
1769:
236:(Shizuoka Prefecture especially central area)
197:. It is characterized by a presumptive suffix
483:
414:Akiyamago dialect (Akiyamago area straddling
377:(eastern Aichi Prefecture, formerly known as
348:(western Aichi Prefecture, formerly known as
338:(northern Gifu Prefecture, formerly known as
328:(southern Gifu Prefecture, formerly known as
304:Uonuma dialect (southern Niigata Prefecture)
180:
490:
476:
135:
435:Ikawa dialect (the upper reaches of the
264:The Echigo dialect is spoken in mainly
14:
1770:
290:(central Niigata Prefecture, centered
497:
471:
443:
401:
160:spoken in the southern and eastern
24:
25:
1794:
156:) is a group of the transitional
219:Hokushin dialect (northern area)
228:Nanshin dialect (southern area)
449:At the beginning of the movie
225:Chūshin dialect (central area)
173:are taken as definitive. (See
13:
1:
463:
308:
222:Tōshin dialect (eastern area)
1634:Kanji pronunciation sources
1408:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
459:and the Tōkai-Tōsan dialect.
175:Eastern and Western Japanese
7:
1783:Culture of the Chūbu region
1743:Speculative fiction writers
1302:Transcription into Japanese
216:, the northernmost village)
10:
1799:
661:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
1718:
1658:
1610:
1452:
1310:
1252:
1194:
1129:
1120:
1029:
1004:
995:
947:
920:
843:
717:
545:
536:
505:
355:Chita dialect (along the
280:Niigata dialect (city of
259:
181:Nagano–Yamanashi–Shizuoka
134:
118:
106:
101:
62:
52:
42:
37:
32:
1528:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
987:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
1474:Godan and ichidan verbs
1292:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
391:East Mikawa (centered
384:West Mikawa (centered
1579:Court lady language (
1049:Southern Amami Ōshima
982:Yilan Creole Japanese
1398:Small Kana Extension
1009:Eastern Old Japanese
648:Northern Izu Islands
408:Eastern Old Japanese
272:except north of the
268:, formerly known as
212:Okushinano dialect (
191:Yamanashi Prefecture
89:Tōkai–Tōsan Japanese
33:Tōkai–Tōsan Japanese
949:Pidgins and creoles
430:Hayakawa, Yamanashi
428:(Narada village in
195:Shizuoka Prefecture
150:Tōkai–Tōsan dialect
18:Tōkai-Tōsan dialect
1750:Classical Japanese
1597:Gender differences
1433:Extended shinjitai
444:In popular culture
266:Niigata Prefecture
1778:Japanese dialects
1765:
1764:
1469:Verb conjugations
1448:
1447:
1116:
1115:
997:Japonic languages
943:
942:
935:Okinawan Japanese
499:Japanese language
457:Japanese language
187:Nagano Prefecture
158:Japanese dialects
154:Tōkai–Tōsan hōgen
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
1790:
1708:Polivanov system
1569:Honorific speech
1464:Japanese grammar
1127:
1126:
1002:
1001:
543:
542:
492:
485:
478:
469:
468:
402:Language islands
319:Aichi Prefecture
234:Shizuoka dialect
166:Hokuriku dialect
139:
130:
111:
84:Eastern Japanese
68:
30:
29:
21:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1714:
1659:Transliteration
1654:
1630:Sound symbolism
1606:
1588:Role language (
1547:from Portuguese
1479:Irregular verbs
1457:
1455:
1444:
1393:Kana Supplement
1388:Kana Extended-B
1383:Kana Extended-A
1306:
1282:Historical kana
1248:
1190:
1169:by stroke count
1160:Kanji radicals
1154:by stroke count
1112:
1025:
991:
967:Hawaiian Creole
939:
916:
839:
713:
532:
501:
496:
466:
446:
404:
379:Mikawa Province
357:Chita Peninsula
315:Gifu Prefecture
311:
288:Nagaoka dialect
270:Echigo Province
262:
248:Tōtōmi Province
183:
142:
126:
107:
97:
69:
66:Language family
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1530:
1525:
1519:Native words (
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1122:Writing system
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
977:Pseudo-Chinese
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Bamboo English
953:
951:
945:
944:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
930:Amami Japanese
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
907:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
884:
883:
866:
865:
864:
851:
849:
841:
840:
838:
837:
830:
829:
828:
827:
826:
818:
817:
816:
801:
800:
799:
794:
789:
777:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
748:
747:
746:
745:
744:
741:
725:
723:
715:
714:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
684:
683:
682:
674:
673:
672:
667:
652:
651:
650:
645:
644:
643:
638:
630:
629:
628:
623:
618:
603:
602:
601:
600:
599:
594:
586:
585:
584:
579:
574:
559:
553:
551:
540:
534:
533:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
507:
503:
502:
495:
494:
487:
480:
472:
465:
462:
461:
460:
445:
442:
441:
440:
433:
426:Narada dialect
423:
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
396:
389:
375:Mikawa dialect
372:
371:
370:
363:Nagoya dialect
360:
350:Owari Province
343:
333:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
295:
285:
261:
258:
257:
256:
253:
252:
251:
244:
231:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
182:
179:
177:for details.)
144:
143:
140:
132:
131:
124:
116:
115:
112:
104:
103:
102:Language codes
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
72:
70:
63:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1795:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:Cyrillization
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Wāpuro rōmaji
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1521:yamato kotoba
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Counter words
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1244:Kana ligature
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Script reform
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Bonin English
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
950:
946:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
923:
919:
913:
912:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
873:
872:
871:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
857:
853:
852:
850:
848:
847:
842:
836:
835:
831:
825:
822:
821:
819:
815:
812:
811:
809:
808:
807:
806:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
753:
749:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
727:
726:
724:
722:
721:
716:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
685:
681:
678:
677:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
659:
658:
657:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
611:
610:
609:
608:
604:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
567:
566:
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
550:
549:
544:
541:
539:
535:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
508:
506:Earlier forms
504:
500:
493:
488:
486:
481:
479:
474:
473:
470:
458:
454:
453:
448:
447:
438:
434:
431:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:Sakae, Nagano
413:
412:
411:
409:
394:
390:
387:
383:
382:
380:
376:
373:
368:
364:
361:
358:
354:
353:
351:
347:
346:Owari dialect
344:
341:
340:Hida Province
337:
334:
331:
330:Mino Province
327:
324:
323:
322:
320:
316:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
278:
277:
275:
271:
267:
254:
249:
245:
242:
238:
237:
235:
232:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
178:
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
138:
133:
129:
125:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
105:
100:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
71:
67:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
38:Chūbu dialect
36:
31:
19:
1696:In Esperanto
1666:Romanization
1620:Pitch accent
1602:Dictionaries
1589:
1581:nyōbō kotoba
1580:
1534:
1533:Loan words (
1520:
1504:Topic marker
1418:ARIB STD B24
1164:by frequency
1044:Amami Ōshima
921:
910:
869:
855:
845:
833:
820:East San'in
804:
780:
751:
729:
719:
655:
606:
562:
547:
528:Early Modern
518:Early Middle
450:
439:in Shizuoka)
405:
336:Hida dialect
326:Mino dialect
312:
263:
241:Izu Province
202:
198:
184:
162:Chūbu region
153:
149:
147:
119:
88:
1676:Nihon-shiki
1559:Wasei-kango
1494:Possessives
1454:Grammar and
1287:Modern kana
1272:Punctuation
1253:Orthography
1074:Tokunoshima
686:Gifu-Aichi
656:Tōkai–Tōsan
523:Late Middle
274:Agano River
1772:Categories
1720:Literature
1590:yakuwarigo
1574:Honorifics
1554:Wasei-eigo
1542:from Dutch
1489:Adjectives
1456:vocabulary
1234:Hentaigana
1229:Man'yōgana
1069:Okinoerabu
773:Okuyoshino
464:References
422:, Niigata)
309:Gifu–Aichi
171:isoglosses
1612:Phonology
1499:Particles
1438:Half/Full
1368:Shift JIS
1297:Yotsugana
1277:Kanazukai
1219:Okurigana
1131:Logograms
743:Shiramine
588:Southern
568:Northern
452:Your Name
393:Toyohashi
121:Glottolog
109:ISO 639-3
1535:gairaigo
1514:Numerals
1484:Pronouns
1423:Enclosed
1403:Katakana
1378:Hiragana
1374:Unicode
1329:ISO/IEC
1311:Encoding
1214:Furigana
1209:Katakana
1204:Hiragana
1106:Yonaguni
1086:Southern
1064:Okinawan
1059:Kunigami
1039:Northern
1031:Ryukyuan
972:Kyowa-go
903:Tsushima
893:Nagasaki
888:Kumamoto
876:Chikuzen
740:Kanazawa
730:Hokuriku
665:Shizuoka
632:Eastern
621:Kanagawa
612:Western
557:Hokkaidō
538:Dialects
437:Ōi River
152:(東海東山方言
128:toka1245
79:Japanese
1738:Writers
1671:Hepburn
1625:Rendaku
1564:Engrish
1260:Braille
1181:Ryakuji
1101:Yaeyama
1019:grammar
1014:Hachijō
911:Satsugū
870:Hichiku
856:Hōnichi
810:San'yō
805:Chūgoku
781:Shikoku
720:Western
680:Nagaoka
676:Echigo
641:Tochigi
636:Ibaraki
597:Nairiku
577:Tsugaru
548:Eastern
386:Okazaki
292:Nagaoka
282:Niigata
74:Japonic
1733:Poetry
1681:Kunrei
1643:Kan-on
1414:Other
1323:EUC-JP
1239:Sōgana
1224:Gojūon
1176:Kokuji
1144:Kanbun
1096:Tarama
1091:Miyako
881:Hakata
846:Kyūshū
834:Umpaku
797:Sanuki
763:Banshū
752:Kansai
695:Mikawa
690:Nagoya
670:Narada
563:Tōhoku
420:Tsunan
367:Nagoya
299:Jōetsu
260:Echigo
53:Region
1755:texts
1728:Books
1648:Tō-on
1638:Go-on
1265:Kanji
1186:Ateji
1149:Kanji
1079:Yoron
1054:Kikai
922:Other
824:Inshū
814:Bingo
768:Kishū
758:Awaji
626:Tokyo
616:Gunma
607:Kantō
592:Kesen
582:Akita
572:Nanbu
214:Sakae
199:-zura
57:Chūbu
47:Japan
1363:0213
1358:0212
1353:0211
1348:0208
1343:0201
1339:JIS
1333:2022
1196:Kana
898:Saga
862:Ōita
792:Tosa
736:Kaga
705:Hida
700:Mino
418:and
317:and
193:and
148:The
1686:JSL
1428:EIS
1318:EUC
787:Iyo
513:Old
203:-ra
201:or
1774::
410:.
381:)
352:)
276:.
205:.
189:,
1592:)
1583:)
1537:)
1523:)
491:e
484:t
477:v
432:)
395:)
388:)
369:)
365:(
359:)
342:)
332:)
301:)
294:)
284:)
250:)
243:)
114:–
20:)
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