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as other agencies, historians, or private users. He argued the most efficient way to deal with the sheer volume of records that archives were dealing with at the time was to differentiate between a record's primary and secondary value and, thus, determine the relative value of the records based on the secondary value of the records. This differentiation was key for
Schellenberg as he argued for a greater distinction between records and archives. In his definition, records only have current, primary value to their creators, but archives are records deemed to have significant secondary value by an archivist (i.e. meriting permanent preservation) outside of their original value to the record's creators. Consequently, records were under the purview of
383:, stating: "This compact and well written book is, at least in the opinion of the reviewer, the most significant and useful statement yet produced on the administration of modern records and archives." In the following year, Schellenberg won a meritorious service award to honor the contributions made to the archival profession through the textbook.
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principles of public records management. In responding to modern archival problems, particularly distinctly
American archival concerns, the book also juxtaposes American archival work and theory with those of foreign countries to clarify the fundamental nature and methods of archives, records management, and archival management.
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in archival work and making selection a primary role of the archivist. To
Schellenberg, a record has "primary value" to the creator as evidence of activities, but also has "secondary value" (i.e. evidential or informational value) to future users of the records outside of the originating agency, such
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in a limited way. Americans were creating documents at an unprecedented rate, and
European archival practices did not adequately respond to the changing needs of American records management. Experiencing this issue firsthand during his work at NARA, Schellenberg's theory of the archives came from the
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The book explores emerging issues, concerns, and approaches to archival theory and practice that modern archivists encounter, thereby reflecting the desire for a closer and more efficient working relationship between records management and archival work and giving readers a broad overview of
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in his division's policies and procedures. He also created guidelines for how positions would be categorized and ensured that job descriptions were consistent. Schellenberg continued to provide archival training throughout his tenure at NARA by planning a two-semester course at
269:. His work there illustrated the many difficulties found in managing vast amounts of government records, which only increased his commitment to finding solutions. In 1948, he returned to NARA as Program Adviser to the Archivist and published his first major work in 1949 called
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to assist
Australians in creating an archival system suited to their archival issues. He spent months helping address records management concerns through a lecture and seminar series that allowed him to travel throughout the continent and even to
331:: The extent to which the information is formatted as well as the form of records themselves should both be considered. The hardware the information is stored on or the hardware needed to read the information should also be taken into account.
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Schellenberg's textbook was largely well received in the archival field, both in
America and internationally, and quickly became a central text for students in archival training programs. After the publication, historian and archivist
285:, organizing a series of symposiums for senior archivists, and traveling to records centers throughout the U.S. to provide three-day classes on archives management. Schellenberg also oversaw a massive reappraisal of documents to
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Schellenberg was promoted to
Director of Archival Management in 1950 and served in that capacity until 1962. One of his first projects was to craft a rigorous training program for NARA employees because there was an inadequate
337:: When appraising records, the needs of the federal government should take precedence before the needs of historians and social scientists. Historical significance of the records should also be taken into account.
361:. During this time, his lecture and seminar notes began to take the shape of a textbook on archival work and management practices. In 1956, he published this work as the acclaimed text
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In 1938, he was appointed chief of the
Division of Agriculture Department Archives, which he eventually left in 1945. It was in this position that he published his first paper in 1939,
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325:: The information contained in the record cannot be found anywhere else and must not have been duplicated. This can determine how unique the record is.
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Upon completing his doctorate, Schellenberg secured a position with the Joint
Committee on Materials for Research as Executive Secretary, part of the
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more selective in the appraisal of new records. He then went on to serve as the assistant archivist of the United States until he retired in 1963.
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In his youth, T. R. Schellenberg attended McPherson
Elementary School (1908–1912) and Hillsboro Middle School (1912–1915). He went on to attend
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in History in 1930. After receiving both his Bachelor's and Master's at the University of Kansas, he finished his education at the
193:(1916–1918), but he later finished his high school career at Tabor Academy (1919–1922). From there, Schellenberg briefly attended
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Cook, Terry (2005). "Macroappraisal in theory and practice: origins, characteristics, and implementation in Canada, 1950-2000".
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Disposition of Federal Records: How to Develop an Effective Program for the Preservation and Disposal of Federal Records.
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Theodore Roosevelt Schellenberg was born on February 24, 1903, to Abraham Lawrence and Sarah Schroeder Schellenberg in
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practical need to adapt European archival practices to working with the massive scale of the federal records climate.
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145:. Schellenberg's publications and ideas are part of the foundation for archival theory and practice in the
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According to Schellenberg, a record's overall value can be appraised based on three distinct criteria:
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in Kansas during this time, which allowed Abraham Schellenberg to continue working as a leader for the
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in 1934. His dissertation topic was "The European Background of the Monroe Doctrine, 1818 to 1923."
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Events and People: Events in Russian Mennonite History and the People that Made Them Happen
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Schellenberg, T. R. (Theodore R.) Papers, 1903-1970 at the Kansas State Historical Society
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Schellenberg's major contribution to archival practice was emphasizing the centrality of
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T. R. Schellenberg (left) with James L. Stapleton, State Librarian of Queensland, 1954
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In 1954, Schellenberg was given the opportunity to travel to Australia through the
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667:. Jones, H. G. (Houston Gwynne), 1924-. Chicago: Society of American Archivists.
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611:"Et Tu Schellenberg? Thoughts on the Dagger of American Appraisal Theory"
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From Polders to Postmodernism: a concise history of archival theory
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784:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration.
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Schellenberg briefly left NARA for three years at the close of
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positively reviewed the text in the October 1956 issue of the
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739:. Chicago: Society of American Archivists. pp. 43–73.
790:"A comparison of Jenkinson and Schellenberg on appraisal"
578:"A Comparison of Jenkinson and Schellenberg on Appraisal"
471:"Schellenberg, Theodore Roosevelt (1903-1970), archivist"
538:"Theodore R. Schellenberg: Americanizer and Popularizer"
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in 1945, when he took a job as a Records Officer in the
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Selecting and Appraising Archives & Manuscripts
665:Modern archives : principles & techniques
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113:National Archives and Records Administration (USA)
237:. In the following year, he was hired within the
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251:European Archival Practices in Arranging Records
173:. There was a large immigration population of
609:Boles, Frank; Greene, Mark A. (Summer 1996).
867:National Archives and Records Administration
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239:National Archives and Records Administration
134:(24 February 1903 – 14 January 1970) was an
648:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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646:Modern Archives: Principles and Techniques
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121:Assistant Archivist of the United States
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397:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
197:(1924–1926) before transferring to the
123:The Appraisal of Modern Public Records
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699:Leland, Waldo Gifford (October 1956).
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414:. New York: Columbia University Press.
163:Garden Township, Harvey County, Kansas
780:. Bulletin of the National Archives.
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765:. Duluth, Minnesota: Litwin Books.
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469:O'Toole, James M. (2000).
410:The Management of Archives
215:University of Pennsylvania
125:The Management of Archives
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705:The American Archivist
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542:The American Archivist
387:Principal publications
217:, where he received a
88:Tabor College (Kansas)
788:Tschan, Reto (2002).
735:Boles, Frank (2005).
576:Tschan, Reto (2002).
191:Hillsboro High School
375:Waldo Gifford Leland
199:University of Kansas
105:Archivist, Professor
92:University of Kansas
837:American archivists
417:1988 reprint online
400:1996 reprint online
283:American University
745:978-1-931-666-11-4
701:"Reviews of Books"
615:American Archivist
380:American Archivist
255:records management
179:Mennonite Brethren
31:T. R. Schellenberg
771:978-0-9802004-5-4
492:978-0-19-860669-7
350:Fulbright Program
203:Bachelor's degree
143:archival theorist
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