972:
1077:
1030:
1058:
1000:
1093:
1042:
957:
107:
1015:
91:
984:
173:
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114:
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of the
University of Alabama at Birmingham, found numerous related mud-brick walls, streets, and large residences, amounting to an entire city plan, in an area that appears blank under normal images. A French archeological team selected a site from the imagery and confirmed mud-brick structures
421:
can still be distinguished by the presence of large obelisks that marked the various pylons as in other
Egyptian temples. Now fallen to the ground and lying in a single direction, they may have been knocked down by a violent earthquake during the Byzantine era. They form one of the most notable
647:. The intentional emulation towards Thebes is further stressed by the fact that these gods bore their original Theban epithets, leading to Thebes being more commonly mentioned than Tanis itself. Furthermore, the new royal necropolis at Tanis successfully replaced the one in the Theban
1775:
Loth, Marc, 2014. "Tanis – 'Thebes of the North’“. In "Egyptian
Antiquities from the Eastern Nile Delta", Museums in the Nile Delta, Vol. 2, ser. ed. by Mohamed I. Bakr, Helmut Brandl, and Faye Kalloniatis. Cairo/Berlin: Opaion.
827:
The chief deities of Tanis were Amun; his consort, Mut; and their child Khonsu, forming the Tanite triad. This triad was, however, identical to that of Thebes, leading many scholars to speak of Tanis as the "northern Thebes".
839:
in the temple of Mut at Tanis. The lake, built out of limestone blocks, had been 15 meters long and 5 meters deep. It was discovered 12 meters below ground in good condition. The lake could have been built during the late
626:
with traditional titles and building works, although they pale compared to those at the height of the New
Kingdom. A remarkable achievement of these kings was the building and subsequent expansions of the Great temple of
422:
aspects of the Tanis site. Archaeologists have counted more than twenty. This accumulation of remnants from different epochs contributed to the confusion of the first archaeologists who saw in Tanis the biblical city of
430:
would have suffered pharaonic slavery. Pierre Montet, in inaugurating his great excavation campaigns in the 1930s, began from the same premise. He was hoping to discover traces that would confirm the accounts of the
856:
approximately 30 cm below the surface. However, the assertion that the technology showed 17 pyramids was denounced as "completely wrong" by the
Minister of State for Antiquities at the time,
1332:
An
Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II
777:) made clear that the earlier identifications were incorrect, and that all the Ramesside and pre-Ramesside monuments at Tanis were in fact brought here from Pi-Ramesses or other cities.
595:. Although some monuments found at Tanis are datable earlier than the 21st Dynasty, most of these were in fact brought there from nearby cities, mainly from the previous capital of
3332:
941:, is named after the city. The paleontologist Robert de Palma chose the name based on the significance of Tanis in the decipherment of hieroglyphs, as well as its role in
3337:
2929:
1628:
1177:
2001:
691:
971:
1924:
2853:
2553:
2425:
447:
and the resumption of excavations under Jean
Yoyotte that the place of Tanis was finally restored in the long chronology of the sites of the delta.
2497:
2313:
1726:
687:
in the 7th century, Tanis appears to have already declined significantly, as it was grouped together with four other towns under a single prefect.
654:
After the 22nd
Dynasty Tanis lost its status of royal residence, but became in turn the capital of the 19th nome of Lower Egypt. Starting from the
1029:
3193:
2585:
2357:
2169:
1701:
1057:
3277:
3125:
2165:
2597:
2557:
2421:
1076:
3213:
2717:
2157:
1151:, found in Tanis and datable to the 13th century BC, can be an evidence that the site had some settlement in the 18th or 17th century BC.
3225:
2793:
3352:
3293:
3289:
3173:
1113:
938:
3342:
753:
and subsequently by
Philippe Brissaud. For some time the overwhelming amount of monuments bearing the cartouches of Ramesses II or
739:
505:
1917:
999:
714:
Though Tanis was briefly explored in the early 19th century, the first large-scale archaeological excavations there were made by
699:
135:
510:
494:
474:
466:
1645:
1041:
507:
499:
496:
471:
468:
395:
1368:
1092:
512:
502:
501:
473:
1859:
1124:
956:
410:
in 1939. The
Mission française des fouilles de Tanis (MFFT) has been studying the site since 1965 under the direction of
1841:
1910:
1662:
1836:
3367:
3362:
1933:
1781:
1613:
1480:
1420:
610:
After Pi-Ramesses' abandonment, Tanis became the seat of power of the pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty, and later of the
245:
81:
3372:
816:– survived the depredations of tomb robbers throughout antiquity. They were discovered intact in 1939 and 1940 by
757:
led archaeologists to believe that Tanis and Pi-Ramesses were in fact the same. Furthermore, the discovery of the
1014:
439:, even if he was defending this biblical connection until the end of his life. It was not until the discovery of
399:
1455:
1336:
1118:
106:
983:
734:
text, thus allowing a direct comparison of the Greek text to the hieroglyphs and confirming the accuracy of
382:
3347:
735:
832:
2373:
1205:
1711:
1501:
797:
407:
278:
604:
1759:
1340:
328:
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having been entered in antiquity). The burials of three pharaohs of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties –
90:
2729:
2693:
910:
3005:
2757:
2541:
2085:
2041:
1821:, edited by Francesco Tiradritti. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. 302–333.
1805:
La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 3: Les constructions et le tombeau de Chechanq III à Tanis
677:
663:
577:
267:
210:
190:
21:
1268:
745:
During the subsequent century the French carried out several excavation campaigns directed by
2777:
2621:
2345:
1969:
1798:
La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 2: Les constructions et le tombeau de Psousennès à Tanis
1200:
553:
387:
185:
1791:
La nécropole royale de Tanis. Volume 1: Les constructions et le tombeau d’Osorkon II à Tanis
1586:
1260:
761:
at Tanis led to the speculation that Tanis should also be identified with the older, former
3301:
2641:
2581:
2285:
2229:
2021:
1751:. (Paris): Ministère des Affaires Étrangères and Association française d’Action artistique.
731:
719:
600:
532:
769:. The later re-discovery of the actual, neighbouring archaeological sites of Pi-Ramesses (
365:, and the location of a city of the same name. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the
8:
3357:
3041:
2801:
2529:
2477:
2445:
2433:
2185:
2109:
1706:
1330:
1099:
1048:
1021:
934:
927:
809:
703:
648:
354:
17:
1516:
1282:
1172:
2821:
1831:
373:
16:
This article is about ruins in Egypt. For the archaeological site in North Dakota, see
391:
3253:
3201:
3113:
3081:
2937:
2861:
2069:
1973:
1941:
1777:
1600:
1476:
1451:
1416:
1364:
1306:
1261:
386:. It was first excavated in 1825 by Jean-Jacques Rifaud, who discovered the two pink
291:
1629:"Space Archaeologist Sarah Parcak Uses Satellites to Uncover Ancient Egyptian Ruins"
3145:
2957:
2677:
2609:
2573:
2101:
2037:
1957:
1302:
Dictionnaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hiéroglyphiques Vol. 6
1231:
923:
774:
715:
659:
581:
219:
684:
2741:
2361:
2333:
2317:
2269:
1765:
1533:
1408:
1236:
962:
889:
673:
658:, Tanis experienced a new phase of building development which endured during the
308:
258:
788:
There are ruins of a number of temples, including the chief temple dedicated to
3327:
3025:
2521:
2449:
2380:
2277:
2173:
2145:
2133:
2121:
1683:
1148:
1144:
877:
758:
723:
669:
635:
as the main deity of the eastern Delta), while minor temples were dedicated to
377:
706:; at that time, the population of the city was 1,569 (794 men and 775 women).
3321:
3169:
2925:
2837:
2797:
2789:
2736:
2705:
2661:
2601:
2545:
2513:
2484:
2273:
2153:
2045:
2013:
1981:
1786:
1496:
1210:
904:
881:
851:
In 2011, analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery, led by archaeologist
817:
746:
727:
618:). The rulers of these two dynasties supported their legitimacy as rulers of
432:
403:
362:
150:
137:
1902:
1300:
3117:
3029:
3017:
2997:
2889:
2868:
2709:
2653:
2489:
2461:
2241:
2213:
2192:
2177:
2149:
2097:
1977:
852:
845:
841:
821:
800:(which contains the only known intact royal pharaonic burials, the tomb of
750:
655:
644:
611:
592:
573:
557:
411:
3165:
3133:
2981:
2977:
2917:
2905:
2805:
2753:
2589:
2517:
2337:
2161:
2141:
1852:
1727:"Why this stunning dinosaur fossil discovery has scientists stomping mad"
1319:
Vycichl, W. (1983). Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, p. 328.
1083:
1006:
857:
836:
824:
and other precious stones, as well as the funerary masks of these kings.
813:
805:
801:
632:
623:
619:
596:
565:
561:
444:
3217:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3065:
3053:
3033:
3021:
2965:
2885:
2833:
2765:
2761:
2713:
2657:
2561:
2469:
2413:
2353:
2329:
2325:
2309:
2245:
2221:
2209:
2201:
2137:
2092:
2061:
2049:
1443:
1068:
990:
793:
436:
358:
603:
the royal residence of Pi-Ramesses was abandoned because the Pelusiac
3265:
3161:
3093:
3069:
3061:
3012:
2985:
2949:
2909:
2901:
2873:
2784:
2669:
2665:
2633:
2628:
2593:
2565:
2505:
2401:
2301:
2253:
2077:
919:
915:
754:
406:
from 1929 to 1956, who discovered the royal necropolis dating to the
3281:
3273:
3157:
3129:
3048:
2993:
2961:
2881:
2849:
2841:
2813:
2769:
2648:
2457:
2409:
2393:
2321:
2305:
2292:
2257:
2249:
2236:
2205:
2197:
2116:
2073:
1993:
1879:
1869:
1064:
615:
286:
1531:
726:, an inscription in both Greek and Egyptian, at Tanis. Unlike the
3297:
3245:
3221:
3189:
3073:
2973:
2897:
2893:
2877:
2809:
2749:
2549:
2536:
2501:
2465:
2365:
2341:
2265:
2125:
2009:
1985:
695:
628:
585:
427:
418:
198:
1800:. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris: .
1793:. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris: .
1521:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. p. 116.
730:, discovered 67 years earlier, this inscription included a full
3237:
3233:
3181:
3097:
3057:
2953:
2828:
2721:
2613:
2577:
2509:
2493:
2417:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2349:
2297:
2261:
2217:
2065:
2033:
1997:
770:
766:
762:
640:
607:
became silted up and its harbour consequently became unusable.
440:
28:
1807:. Fouilles de Tanis, ser. ed. Jean Pierre Marie Montet. Paris.
3269:
3260:
3229:
3208:
3137:
3121:
3088:
2989:
2969:
2944:
2913:
2745:
2700:
2569:
2453:
2440:
2053:
2028:
2005:
1989:
1948:
873:
869:
342:
178:
3285:
3241:
3177:
3152:
2921:
2845:
2684:
2129:
2057:
1964:
1894:
1754:
Brissaud, Phillipe. 1996. "Tanis: The Golden Cemetery". In
885:
789:
423:
366:
344:
228:
1770:
The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC)
1648:
Satellite Imagery Uncovers Up to 17 Lost Egyptian Pyramids
820:
and proved to contain a large catalogue of gold, jewelry,
780:
3185:
636:
234:
1557:
Graham, Geoffrey. "Tanis". In Redford, Donald B. (ed.).
1178:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
884:) is often set at Tanis, which is often identified with
414:
and Philippe Brissaud, and François Leclère since 2013.
591:
The earliest known Tanite buildings are datable to the
302:
3333:
Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
246:
237:
231:
272:
225:
222:
3338:Populated places disestablished in the 6th century
1832:Archaeology Magazine article on Treasures of Tanis
1817:Yoyotte, Jean. 1999. "The Treasures of Tanis". In
1772:. 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited.
1574:Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone and Decipherment
1450:. London: British Museum Press. pp. 195–197.
1747:Association française d’Action artistique. 1987.
1518:Matériaux pour servir à la géographie de l'Égypte
1475:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 400.
662:. It remained populated until its abandonment in
417:Today, the main parts of the temple dedicated to
3319:
1413:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
945:as the hiding place of the Ark of the Covenant.
435:. His own excavations gradually overturned this
1810:Stierlin, Henri, and Christiane Ziegler. 1987.
1762:. Jerusalem: Bible Lands Museum. 110–149.
1035:The Gold and lapis lazuli collar of Psusennes I
564:. A temple inscription datable to the reign of
876:being found in the marshes of the Nile River (
402:from 1883 to 1886. The work was taken over by
372:The first study of Tanis dates to 1798 during
1932:
1918:
1294:
1292:
937:, which may preserve unique remains from the
1328:
568:mentions a "Field of Tanis", while the city
322:
316:
70:
60:
52:
44:
1532:Egypt min. of finance, census dept (1885).
1525:
1514:
1505:, Vol. 14. (Robert Appleton Company, 1912).
1263:Ancient Egyptian: A linguistic introduction
918:which was buried in antiquity by a massive
398:between 1860 and 1864, and subsequently by
1925:
1911:
1660:
1614:"Space Archaeology - Street plan of Tanis"
1470:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1289:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1114:List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
835:reported archaeologists had discovered a
584:, as the home place of the pharaoh-to-be
349:) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian
1724:
1699:
1559:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
1298:
1258:
1171:
779:
631:at Tanis (at the time, Amun-Ra replaced
202:Map of ancient Lower Egypt showing Tanis
197:
1663:"Idea of 17 hidden pyramids is 'wrong'"
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1347:
914:, Tanis is fictitiously portrayed as a
599:, for reuse. Indeed, at the end of the
3320:
1442:
1429:
863:
556:, when it was the capital of the 14th
285:
1906:
1571:
1508:
1358:
939:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
643:whom, along with Amun-Ra, formed the
1837:Tanis in Encyclopaedia of the Orient
1819:The Treasures of the Egyptian Museum
1661:Theodoulou, Michael (May 29, 2011).
1515:Maspero, Jean; Wiet, Gaston (1919).
1407:
1390:
1363:. Thames & Hudson. p. 335.
1361:The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt
1125:List of historical capitals of Egypt
332:
1700:Handwerk, Brian (21 January 2017).
893:
396:François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette
369:, which has long since silted up.
262:
71:
13:
1756:Royal Cities of the Biblical World
1686:(2013). "Musing on Agri-History".
1626:
1556:
1489:
14:
3384:
1825:
1725:Mitchell, Alanna (May 19, 2019).
977:Wendjebauendjed's cups from Tanis
924:rediscovered by a Nazi expedition
380:drew up a map of the site in the
376:'s expedition to Egypt. Engineer
3353:Former populated places in Egypt
3310:Capital cities are in bold font.
1091:
1075:
1056:
1040:
1028:
1013:
998:
982:
970:
955:
218:
171:
112:
105:
89:
3343:1798 archaeological discoveries
1741:
1718:
1693:
1677:
1654:
1639:
1620:
1606:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1535:Recensement général de l'Égypte
1464:
1377:
1137:
605:branch of the Nile in the Delta
552:Tanis is unattested before the
400:William Matthew Flinders Petrie
1322:
1313:
1283:"Oracc RINAP Ashurbanipal 011"
1275:
1252:
1237:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1224:
1193:
1165:
1119:List of ancient Egyptian sites
1:
1803:———. 1960.
1796:———. 1951.
1471:De Mieroop, Marc Van (2007).
1181:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
1158:
792:, and a very important royal
113:
1886:Historical capital of Egypt
1842:Travel information for Tanis
1329:Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).
1121:, including sites of temples
572:is securely attested in two
343:
303:
7:
1860:Historical capital of Egypt
1812:Tanis: Trésors des Pharaons
1561:. Vol. 3. p. 350.
1107:
694:recorded San el-Hagar as a
273:
10:
3389:
2374:Kafr El Sheikh Governorate
1473:A History of Ancient Egypt
1259:Loprieno, Antonio (1995).
1206:Collins English Dictionary
1020:The funerary mask of king
1005:The gold funerary mask of
948:
486:
458:
450:
323:
317:
312:
295:
214:
61:
53:
45:
26:
15:
3308:
3252:
3200:
3144:
3080:
3040:
3004:
2936:
2860:
2820:
2776:
2728:
2692:
2676:
2640:
2620:
2528:
2476:
2432:
2372:
2284:
2228:
2184:
2108:
2084:
2020:
1956:
1940:
1934:Cities and towns in Egypt
1891:
1884:
1876:
1866:
1857:
1849:
1787:Montet, Jean Pierre Marie
1766:Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson
1502:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1387:, "Eretz Yisrael", p. 682
833:Egyptian Culture Ministry
798:Third Intermediate Period
736:Jean-François Champollion
722:discovered a copy of the
672:, it was the seat of the
408:Third Intermediate Period
333:
184:
166:
131:
100:
88:
79:
39:
3368:Former capitals of Egypt
3363:10th century BC in Egypt
1760:Joan Goodnick Westenholz
1749:Tanis: L’Or des pharaons
1448:The Art of Ancient Egypt
1299:Gauthier, Henri (1929).
1130:
784:The Royal Tombs of Tanis
709:
95:The ruins of Tanis today
27:Not to be confused with
3373:Cities in ancient Egypt
2930:Al Madinah Al Fikriyyah
2730:South Sinai Governorate
2694:North Sinai Governorate
1143:Biblical archaeologist
1063:The Sarcophagus Lid of
943:Raiders of the Lost Ark
911:Raiders of the Lost Ark
740:deciphering hieroglyphs
718:in the 1860s. In 1866,
383:Description de l'Égypte
282:
3006:New Valley Governorate
2542:10th of Ramadan (city)
2086:Alexandria Governorate
2042:El Qanater El Khayreya
1702:""Lost City" of Tanis"
1359:Snape, Steven (2014).
785:
678:Coptic Orthodox Church
578:Onomasticon of Amenope
203:
34:City in Sharqia, Egypt
22:Tanis (disambiguation)
20:. For other uses, see
2778:Beni Suef Governorate
2622:Port Said Governorate
2346:El Matareya, Dakahlia
1576:. pp. 19–20, 42.
1415:. London: Routledge.
783:
676:, who adhered to the
554:19th Dynasty of Egypt
201:
151:30.97694°N 31.88000°E
2642:Ismailia Governorate
2582:El Salheya El Gedida
2286:Dakahlia Governorate
2230:Damietta Governorate
2022:Qalyubia Governorate
2002:Manshiyat al Qanater
1814:. (Fribourg): Seuil.
1633:Smithsonian Magazine
1572:Parkinson, Richard.
1385:Encyclopedia Miqrait
1051:'s funerary pectoral
720:Karl Richard Lepsius
692:1885 Census of Egypt
357:in the northeastern
3348:Hebrew Bible cities
3042:Red Sea Governorate
2802:Heracleopolis Magna
2530:Sharqia Governorate
2478:Monufia Governorate
2446:El Mahalla El Kubra
2434:Gharbia Governorate
2186:Matrouh Governorate
2110:Beheira Governorate
1970:6th of October City
1714:on October 9, 2019.
1707:National Geographic
1603:, October 15, 2009.
928:Ark of the Covenant
864:Cultural references
704:Sharqia Governorate
698:in the district of
649:Valley of the Kings
355:archaeological site
147: /
18:Tanis (fossil site)
2822:Faiyum Governorate
1688:Asian Agri-History
1147:believed that the
786:
374:Napoleon Bonaparte
287:[ˈcʼuʕnat]
204:
156:30.97694; 31.88000
3315:
3314:
3254:Aswan Governorate
3202:Luxor Governorate
3114:Ptolemais Hermiou
3082:Sohag Governorate
2938:Asyut Governorate
2862:Minya Governorate
2070:Shibin El Qanater
1974:Sheikh Zayed City
1942:Cairo Governorate
1901:
1900:
1892:Succeeded by
1867:Succeeded by
1646:Pringle, Heather
1627:Tucker, Abigail.
1601:Egypt Independent
1587:Bossone, Andrew.
1370:978-0-500-77240-9
1240:. Merriam-Webster
935:Tanis fossil site
550:
549:
520:
519:
516:
515:
482:
481:
478:
477:
341:
301:
271:
196:
195:
3380:
3146:Qena Governorate
2958:Dayrut al-Sharif
2854:Yousef El Seddik
2678:Suez Governorate
2610:Minshat Abu Omar
2554:Mashtool El Souk
2102:New Borg El Arab
2038:Shubra El Kheima
1958:Giza Governorate
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1877:Preceded by
1850:Preceded by
1847:
1846:
1735:
1734:
1722:
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1715:
1710:. Archived from
1697:
1691:
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1468:
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1440:
1427:
1426:
1409:Bard, Kathryn A.
1405:
1388:
1383:Benjamin Mazar,
1381:
1375:
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1169:
1152:
1141:
1102:'s gold pectoral
1095:
1079:
1060:
1044:
1032:
1017:
1002:
993:'s tomb at Tanis
986:
974:
965:'s funerary mask
959:
926:looking for the
895:
716:Auguste Mariette
674:bishops of Tanis
660:Ptolemaic Period
582:Story of Wenamun
491:
490:
487:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
388:granite sphinxes
348:
340:romanized:
339:
337:
335:
326:
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320:
319:
314:
306:
300:romanized:
299:
297:
289:
279:Ancient Egyptian
276:
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177:
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3311:
3304:
3248:
3196:
3140:
3076:
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3000:
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2856:
2816:
2772:
2758:Saint Catherine
2742:Sharm El Sheikh
2724:
2688:
2672:
2636:
2616:
2524:
2472:
2428:
2426:Borg El Burulus
2368:
2362:Mahallat Damana
2334:Temay El Amdeed
2318:El Senbellawein
2280:
2270:Kafr El Battikh
2224:
2180:
2104:
2080:
2016:
1952:
1936:
1931:
1897:
1888:
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1513:
1509:
1495:Siméon Vailhé,
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1297:
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1199:
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1142:
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1096:
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1071:
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1036:
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978:
975:
966:
963:Wendjebauendjed
960:
951:
922:, before being
866:
738:'s approach to
712:
683:By the time of
667:
576:documents: the
530:
511:
506:
500:
495:
472:
467:
453:
392:Musée du Louvre
353:, an important
329:Biblical Hebrew
247:
221:
217:
215:Τάνις or Τανέως
172:
170:
155:
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146:
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138:
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134:
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2534:
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2525:
2498:Sirs Al-Layyan
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2450:Kafr Az-Zayyat
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2381:Kafr El Sheikh
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2314:Minyat An-Nasr
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:Mit Abu Ghaleb
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2174:Wadi El Natrun
2146:El Mahmoudiyah
2134:Abu El Matamir
2122:Kafr El Dawwar
2114:
2112:
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2105:
2090:
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2018:
2017:
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1907:
1899:
1898:
1893:
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1883:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1864:1078 – 945 BC
1856:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1773:
1763:
1752:
1743:
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1692:
1690:17(2), p. 184.
1684:Lindsay Falvey
1676:
1665:. The National
1653:
1638:
1619:
1605:
1596:found in Delta
1579:
1564:
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1421:
1411:, ed. (1999).
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1312:
1288:
1274:
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1163:
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1154:
1153:
1149:Year 400 Stela
1145:Benjamin Mazar
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947:
878:Book of Exodus
865:
862:
773:) and Avaris (
759:Year 400 Stela
724:Canopus Decree
711:
708:
670:Late Antiquity
548:
547:
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536:
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2926:Tuna el-Gebel
2923:
2919:
2915:
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2903:
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2790:New Beni Suef
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2781:
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2711:
2707:
2706:Sheikh Zuweid
2703:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:Tell El Kebir
2659:
2655:
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2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2619:
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2602:El Husseiniya
2599:
2595:
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2586:El Ibrahimiya
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
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2546:Minya El Qamh
2543:
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2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:Birket El Sab
2511:
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2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2485:Shibin El Kom
2481:
2479:
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2274:Ezbet El Borg
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2154:Itay El Barud
2151:
2147:
2143:
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2118:
2113:
2111:
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2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:Abu El Numrus
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:El Badrashein
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1959:
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1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1896:
1889:818 – 720 BC
1887:
1881:
1875:
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1782:9783000453182
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1538:. p. 289
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1482:9781405160711
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1422:0-203-98283-5
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1211:HarperCollins
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921:
917:
913:
912:
907:
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905:Indiana Jones
900:
898:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
861:
859:
854:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
831:In 2009, the
829:
825:
823:
819:
818:Pierre Montet
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
782:
778:
776:
775:Tell el-Dab'a
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Pierre Montet
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Rosetta Stone
725:
721:
717:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
685:John of Nikiû
681:
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470:
465:
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460:
457:
456:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:Old Testament
429:
426:in which the
425:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:Pierre Montet
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
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375:
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212:
211:Ancient Greek
208:
200:
192:
189:
187:
183:
180:
169:
165:
160:
132:Coordinates:
130:
108:
99:
92:
87:
83:
78:
69:San al-Hagar
38:
30:
23:
19:
3278:Nasr Al-Nuba
3259:
3207:
3151:
3126:West Juhayna
3118:Dar El Salam
3087:
3047:
3011:
2943:
2867:
2827:
2783:
2735:
2699:
2683:
2647:
2627:
2605:
2535:
2490:Sadat (city)
2483:
2439:
2379:
2291:
2242:New Damietta
2235:
2214:Sidi Barrani
2193:Mersa Matruh
2191:
2178:New Nubariya
2150:El Rahmaniya
2115:
2098:Borg El Arab
2091:
2027:
1978:El Hawamdeya
1963:
1947:
1885:
1858:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1769:
1758:, edited by
1755:
1748:
1742:Bibliography
1730:
1720:
1712:the original
1705:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1656:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1622:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1534:
1527:
1517:
1510:
1500:
1491:
1472:
1466:
1447:
1412:
1384:
1379:
1360:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1301:
1277:
1262:
1254:
1244:21 September
1242:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1216:21 September
1214:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1185:21 September
1183:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1139:
1086:'s gold mask
1067:son of king
942:
932:
909:
903:
902:In the 1981
901:
896:
882:Exodus 2:3–5
867:
853:Sarah Parcak
850:
846:26th Dynasty
830:
826:
822:lapis lazuli
787:
751:Jean Yoyotte
744:
732:hieroglyphic
713:
689:
682:
656:30th Dynasty
653:
645:Theban Triad
614:(along with
612:22nd Dynasty
609:
593:21st Dynasty
590:
574:20th Dynasty
569:
551:
526:
483:
416:
412:Jean Yoyotte
381:
371:
350:
274:Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar
255:San al-Hagar
254:
206:
205:
3166:Nag Hammadi
2982:Sahel Selim
2978:El Ghanayem
2906:Aba al-Waqf
2590:Diyarb Negm
2338:El Gammalia
2166:Koum Hamada
2162:Shubra Khit
2142:El Delengat
1853:Pi-Ramesses
1669:October 18,
1650:27 May 2011
1592:Sacred Lake
1444:Robins, Gay
1337:John Murray
1267:. pp.
1084:Shoshenq II
1007:Psusennes I
858:Zahi Hawass
837:sacred lake
814:Shoshenq II
806:Psusennes I
802:Tutankhamun
664:Roman times
624:Lower Egypt
620:Upper Egypt
601:New Kingdom
597:Pi-Ramesses
566:Ramesses II
562:Lower Egypt
533:hieroglyphs
445:Pi-Ramesses
390:now in the
186:Governorate
154: /
3358:Nile Delta
3322:Categories
3302:Abu Simbel
3218:New Thebes
3110:El Maragha
3106:El Balyana
3102:New Akhmim
3066:Marsa Alam
3054:Ras Ghareb
3034:Abu Minqar
2966:El Quseyya
2886:Beni Mazar
2834:New Faiyum
2766:Abu Zenima
2762:Abou Redis
2714:Bir al-Abd
2658:El Qantara
2598:Awlad Saqr
2562:Abu Hammad
2558:Al-Qinayat
2470:Sebennytos
2422:Sidi Ghazi
2414:Sidi Salem
2354:Mit Salsil
2330:El Manzala
2326:Bani Ebaid
2246:Ras El Bar
2222:Siwa Oasis
2210:El Negaila
2202:El Alamein
2138:Abu Hummus
2093:Alexandria
2062:Obour City
2050:Kafr Shukr
1457:0714109886
1339:. p.
1305:. p.
1159:References
1069:Osorkon II
991:Osorkon II
794:necropolis
749:, then by
437:hypothesis
359:Nile Delta
142:31°52′48″E
139:30°58′37″N
3266:New Aswan
3214:New Luxor
3162:Abu Tesht
3094:New Sohag
3070:Shalateen
3062:El Qoseir
3013:El Kharga
2986:El Badari
2950:New Asyut
2910:Dir Mawas
2902:Dir Mawas
2874:New Minya
2785:Beni Suef
2718:El Hasana
2670:Kassassin
2666:Abu Suwir
2634:Port Fuad
2629:Port Said
2594:Kafr Saqr
2574:Abu Kebir
2566:El Qurein
2506:El Bagour
2402:El Hamool
2302:Mit Ghamr
2254:Kafr Saad
2158:Hosh Issa
2078:El Kulzom
1731:Maclean's
1100:Amenemope
1049:Amenemope
1022:Amenemope
920:sandstorm
916:lost city
872:story of
810:Amenemope
765:capital,
755:Merenptah
268:romanized
263:صان الحجر
72:صان الحجر
3282:Kalabsha
3274:Kom Ombo
3226:Bayadiya
3194:Shaarani
3158:New Qena
3130:Saqultah
3049:Hurghada
2994:Manqabad
2962:Manfalut
2882:Maghagha
2850:Ibsheway
2842:Sinnuris
2814:El Fashn
2794:Al Wasta
2770:Ras Sedr
2649:Ismailia
2458:El Santa
2410:El Reyad
2394:Metoubes
2322:El Kurdi
2306:Dekernes
2293:Mansoura
2258:El Zarqa
2250:Faraskur
2237:Damietta
2206:El Dabaa
2198:El Hamam
2117:Damanhur
2074:Saryaqos
1994:El Ayyat
1880:Bubastis
1870:Bubastis
1789:. 1947.
1446:(1997).
1108:See also
1065:Hornakht
989:Pharaoh
870:Biblical
616:Bubastis
580:and the
525:Djanet (
292:Akkadian
3298:Sebaiya
3294:Busylia
3290:Radisia
3246:Medamud
3222:Zainiya
3190:Farshut
3174:El Waqf
3074:Halayeb
3026:Farafra
2974:Abu Tig
2918:Bahnasa
2898:Mallawi
2894:Samalut
2878:El Idwa
2810:Sumusta
2750:Nuweiba
2550:Bilbeis
2537:Zagazig
2522:Shuhada
2502:Ashmoun
2466:Basyoun
2366:Nabaruh
2342:Sherbin
2266:Arrawda
2126:Rosetta
2010:Kerdasa
1986:El Saff
1542:21 June
1497:"Tanis"
1232:"Tanis"
1201:"Tanis"
1173:"Tanis"
949:Gallery
844:–early
796:of the
696:nahiyah
629:Amun-Ra
586:Smendes
451:History
428:Hebrews
419:Amun-Ra
336:
270::
191:Sharqia
167:Country
3238:El-Tod
3234:Armant
3182:Naqada
3170:Dishna
3098:Akhmim
3058:Safaga
2954:Dairut
2838:Tamiya
2829:Faiyum
2798:Nasser
2737:El Tor
2722:Nekhel
2614:Qantir
2578:Faqous
2510:Quesna
2494:Menouf
2418:Qallin
2406:Biyala
2398:Baltim
2390:Fuwwah
2386:Desouk
2358:Gamasa
2350:Belqas
2298:Talkha
2262:Assarw
2218:Sallum
2066:Khusus
2046:Khanka
2034:Qalyub
1998:Bawiti
1780:
1479:
1454:
1419:
1367:
1271:, 245.
894:צֹועַן
890:Hebrew
771:Qantir
767:Avaris
763:Hyksos
641:Khonsu
527:ḏꜥn(t)
441:Qantir
334:צֹועַן
309:Coptic
296:𒍝𒀪𒉡
259:Arabic
176:
29:Tinnis
3328:Tanis
3270:Daraw
3261:Aswan
3230:Kurna
3209:Luxor
3138:Tahta
3122:Girga
3089:Sohag
3030:Balat
3018:Baris
2998:Musha
2990:Sidfa
2970:Abnub
2945:Asyut
2914:Dalga
2890:Matai
2869:Minya
2746:Dahab
2710:Rafah
2701:Arish
2654:Fayed
2606:Tanis
2570:Hihya
2462:Qutur
2454:Zefta
2441:Tanta
2054:Toukh
2029:Benha
2006:Awsim
1990:Atfih
1949:Cairo
1594:'
1590:'
1499:, in
1131:Notes
1098:King
1082:King
1047:King
908:film
897:Ṣōʕan
874:Moses
710:Ruins
700:Arine
570:in se
363:Egypt
351:ḏꜥn.t
345:Ṣōʿan
318:ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ
304:Ṣaʾnu
283:ḏꜥn.t
253:) or
250:-niss
207:Tanis
179:Egypt
120:Tanis
63:ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ
41:Tanis
3286:Edfu
3242:Esna
3178:Qift
3153:Qena
3134:Tima
2922:Idmo
2846:Itsa
2806:Biba
2754:Taba
2685:Suez
2518:Tala
2170:Badr
2130:Edku
2058:Qaha
1965:Giza
1895:Sais
1778:ISBN
1768:. .
1671:2016
1544:2020
1477:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1341:1064
1246:2019
1218:2019
1187:2019
933:The
886:Zoan
868:The
842:25th
812:and
790:Amun
690:The
639:and
633:Seth
622:and
558:nome
424:Zoan
367:Nile
324:ϫⲁⲛⲏ
313:ϫⲁⲛⲓ
82:City
55:ϫⲁⲛⲏ
47:ϫⲁⲛⲓ
3186:Qus
3022:Mut
2310:Aga
1307:111
899:).
702:in
668:In
637:Mut
560:of
531:in
361:of
321:or
315:or
248:TAY
3324::
3300:,
3296:,
3292:,
3288:,
3284:,
3280:,
3276:,
3272:,
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1729:.
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1392:^
1349:^
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