272:
484:
300:
728:
284:
248:
321:
260:
447:
565:
141:
every category of soil type and land surface of the island, from the typically mountainous interior, where forest products were collected, through fertile valleys where the major food crops were grown, across the rocky coastal strip of elevated fossil coral (makatea), out to the lagoon and fringing reef.
140:
Historically, taperes were almost always wedge-shaped - the boundaries beginning at defined points on the outer reef and running inland to enclose an ever narrowing strip of land until converging at a point in or near the center of the island. By this type of delineation, any one tapere included
742:
districts that served as local government units with
Councils and Mayors from 1997 to February 2008), with a total of 54 Tapere (or sub-districts), more than any other Island of the Cooks Islands:
661:
and
Makatea are not further subdivided and correspond to one tapere each. Ngatiarua and Areora districts are subdivided into 6 and 3 tapere, respectively, totalling 11 tapere for the whole island:
494:
is subdivided into six
Districts (puna), which are further subdivided into 38 tapere. In the Cook Islands Constitution however, the six districts are called tapere.
1092:
1013:
53:
1147:
1152:
1132:
115:, the local group composed of the residential core of a major lineage, plus affines and other permissive members.
1055:
271:
1117:
80:
and/or uninhabited, and therefore not subject to this type of traditional subdivision. The atolls of the
986:
1096:
960:
120:
890:
Tapere of
Nukupure (Muri) (with the islands of Oneroa (southern part) and Koromiri (northern part)
1024:
118:
Most of the tapere lands are subdivided among the minor lineages, each of which was headed by a
738:
is subdivided into five Survey Land
Districts (not to be confused with the three traditional
332:
81:
65:
21:
8:
283:
1080:
331:
is subdivided into eight districts with 19 tapere according to the constitution. The 16
1043:
855:
Tapere of Tupapa (not to be confused with a Tapere of the same name in Avarua
District)
299:
69:
336:
49:
247:
20:
or Sub-District is a low level of traditional land subdivision on five of the
1141:
137:, the extended family, the residential core of which occupied a household.
483:
91:
A tapere is a subdivision of a district (the major island subdivision) or
99:(in the case of the Island of Mangaia). A tapere is normally headed by a
45:
259:
813:
Tapere of Tauae (inward from
Tutakimoa, the only tapere without coast)
820:
Avarua, seat of Cook
Islands government, with Avarua fishing harbour)
735:
727:
219:
25:
126:
64:
is not subdivided into tapere. The remaining
Southern Cook Islands,
817:
328:
167:
111:(a High Chief, the titular head of a tribe). It is occupied by the
101:
33:
658:
491:
320:
193:
73:
61:
57:
29:
778:
893:
Tapere of Areiti (with the island of
Koromiri (southern part)
781:
District (capital of the Cook Islands) (19) von West nach Ost
654:
206:
107:
77:
41:
455:
180:
144:
37:
887:
Tapere of Aroko (with the island of Oneroa (northern part)
446:
789:Tapere of Nikao (seat of Cook Islands parliament)
710:Makatea District (west, corresponds to 1 tapere)
688:Vaimutu District (east, corresponds to 1 tapere)
458:, the six villages correspond to the six tapere:
1139:
657:is subdivided into four traditional districts.
884:Tapere of Avana (with the island of Motutapu)
899:Tapere of Vaii (with the island of Taakoka)
60:. Among the populated raised islands, only
1133:Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands
1011:
955:
953:
339:, are outside of this subdivision scheme:
95:, which is headed by a district chiefs or
1039:
1037:
726:
482:
445:
319:
145:Overview of Islands subdivided in Tapere
1044:Constitution Amendment (No 11) Act 1982
950:
1140:
1034:
907:Takitumu District (Titikaveka) (10)
1062:. Victoria University of Wellington
993:. Victoria University of Wellington
967:. Victoria University of Wellington
88:(populated atoll islets), instead.
13:
14:
1164:
1126:
1014:"Land Tenure in the Cook Islands"
804:Tapere of Avatiu (commercial port
731:Districts and tapere of Rarotonga
310:
324:Districts and tapere of Aitutaki
298:
282:
270:
258:
246:
105:(a chief of a major lineage) or
991:LAND TENURE IN THE COOK ISLANDS
965:LAND TENURE IN THE COOK ISLANDS
608:Tapere of Te-tuaroa (Te-tukono)
133:Below that level, there is the
1111:
1085:
1074:
1048:
1005:
979:
566:Tapere Map of Tamarua District
130:, or by the mataiapo himself.
1:
1148:Geography of the Cook Islands
943:
576:Tapere of Vaitangi (Pukuotoi)
487:Districts / tapere of Mangaia
1153:Polynesian words and phrases
1056:"DISTRICTS AND SUBDISTRICTS"
722:
579:Tapere of Te-vai-taeta-i-tai
570:Tapere of Te-vai-taeta-i-uta
7:
665:Ngatiarua District (north)
474:Tengatangi Village (Tapere)
315:
237:
234:
226:
223:
213:
210:
200:
197:
187:
184:
174:
171:
10:
1169:
961:"GLOSSARY AND CONVENTIONS"
582:Tapere of Angauru District
559:Tapere of Te-pauru-o-Rongo
553:Tapere of Te-ara-nui-o-Toi
513:Tapere of Te-mati-o-Pa'eru
478:
468:Ngatiarua Village (Tapere)
869:Ngatangiia District (11)
450:Villages / tapere of Atiu
1118:eXchangeRate.com: Avarua
764:Tapere of Pokoinu-I-Raro
696:Areora District (south)
649:
640:Tapere of Rupetau-i-miri
588:Tapere of Akaea District
465:Mapumai Village (Tapere)
277:Mangaia (only districts)
987:"Rights of the Lineage"
643:Tapere of Rupetau-i-uta
594:Tapere of Poutoa-i-miri
471:Teenui Village (Tapere)
462:Areora Village (Tapere)
441:
1030:on September 12, 2006.
881:Tapere of Ngati Vaikai
878:Tapere of Ngati Maoate
849:Matavera District (5)
746:Arorangi District (9)
732:
597:Tapere of Poutoa-i-uta
488:
451:
325:
1021:www.botany.hawaii.edu
829:Tapere of Tapae-I-Uta
816:Tapere of Takuvaine (
730:
634:Tapere of Tongamarama
614:Tapere of Te-tarapiki
556:Tapere of Te-korokoro
547:Tapere of Te-i'i-maru
533:Tapere of Kaau-i-miri
486:
449:
323:
82:Northern Cook Islands
44:), comparable to the
22:Southern Cook Islands
919:Tapere of Titikaveka
668:Tapere of Te Tukunga
611:Tapere of Te-tuapoto
585:Tapere of Te-vai-kao
536:Tapere of Kaau-i-uta
84:are subdivided into
1082:Cook Islands GeoCMS
937:Tapere of Vaimaanga
934:Tapere of Avaavaroa
931:Tapere of Totokoitu
810:Tapere of Tutakimoa
798:Tapere of Kaikaveka
792:Tapere of Puapuautu
680:Tapere of Arakiropu
620:Tapere of Angarinoi
591:Tapere of Maru-kore
550:Tapere of Te-uturei
530:Tapere of Teia-pini
527:Tapere of Teia-poto
498:Tava'enga District
896:Tapere of Aremango
875:Tapere of Ngati Au
858:Tapere of Matavera
838:Tapere of Punamaia
807:Tapere of Ruatonga
773:Tapere of Vaiakura
752:Tapere of Arerenga
733:
637:Tapere of Te-inati
602:Veitatei District
573:Tapere of Pukuotoi
524:Tapere of Teia-roa
489:
452:
365:Arutanga District
326:
916:Tapere of Te Puna
913:Tapere of Akapuao
910:Tapere of Tikioki
872:Tapere of Turangi
835:(Tapere of Tapae)
823:Tapere of Ngatipa
786:Tapere of Pokoinu
770:Tapere of Tokerau
713:Tapere of Makatea
691:Tapere of Vaimutu
671:Tapere of Mokoero
631:Tapere of Tapuata
617:Tapere of Kaikatu
605:Tapere of Te-noki
544:Tapere of Avarari
521:Karanga District
516:Tapere of Te-pueu
510:Tapere of Au-ruia
504:Tapere of Te-rupe
429:Vaitupa District
393:Taravao District
354:Anaunga District
293:
242:
241:
1160:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:. Archived from
1089:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1060:MANGAIAN SOCIETY
1052:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1023:. Archived from
1018:
1012:R. G. Crocombe.
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
925:Tapere of Arakuo
922:Tapere of Kauare
864:Tapere of Vaenga
861:Tapere of Pouara
852:Tapere of Titama
844:Tapere of Tupapa
841:Tapere of Kiikii
826:Tapere of Vaikai
795:Tapere of Areanu
767:Tapere of Rutaki
761:Tapere of Kavera
699:Tapere of Tukume
677:Tapere of Ikurua
674:Tapere of Puneua
628:Tapere of Akaoro
541:Ivirua District
501:Tapere of Ta'iti
432:Taakarere Tapere
418:Vaipae District
410:Mataotane Tapere
382:Avanui District
302:
291:
286:
274:
262:
250:
149:
148:
50:Hawaiian Islands
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1099:on July 9, 2007
1091:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
951:
946:
928:Tapere of Turoa
801:Tapere of Atupa
758:Tapere of Inave
749:Tapere of Akaoa
725:
719:
683:Tapere of Araki
652:
625:Kei'a District
481:
454:In the case of
444:
407:Tautu District
374:Nukunoni Tapere
368:Arutanga Tapere
349:Punganui Tapere
343:Amuri District
318:
313:
306:
303:
294:
290:
287:
278:
275:
266:
263:
254:
251:
161:
156:
147:
12:
11:
5:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:External links
1125:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1084:
1073:
1047:
1033:
1004:
978:
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
905:
904:
903:
902:Tapere of Maii
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
867:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
776:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:Tapere of Aroa
753:
750:
724:
721:
717:
716:
715:
714:
708:
707:
706:
705:Tapere of Anua
703:
702:Tapere of Arao
700:
694:
693:
692:
686:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
623:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
600:
599:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
562:
561:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
539:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
519:
518:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:Tapere of Maro
505:
502:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
443:
440:
439:
438:
437:
436:
435:Vaitupa Tapere
433:
427:
426:
425:
422:
416:
415:
414:
411:
405:
404:
403:
402:Vaiorea Tapere
400:
397:
396:Taravao Tapere
391:
390:
389:
388:Vaipeka Tapere
386:
380:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
363:
362:
361:
358:
357:Anaunga Tapere
352:
351:
350:
347:
317:
314:
312:
311:List of Tapere
309:
308:
307:
304:
297:
295:
288:
281:
279:
276:
269:
267:
264:
257:
255:
252:
245:
240:
239:
236:
233:
229:
228:
225:
222:
216:
215:
212:
209:
203:
202:
199:
196:
190:
189:
186:
183:
177:
176:
173:
170:
164:
163:
158:
153:
146:
143:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1008:
992:
988:
982:
966:
962:
956:
954:
949:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
906:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
870:
868:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
848:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
832:Tapere of Pue
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
745:
744:
743:
741:
737:
729:
720:
712:
711:
709:
704:
701:
698:
697:
695:
690:
689:
687:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
664:
663:
662:
660:
656:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
624:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:
601:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
567:
563:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
540:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
522:
520:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
497:
496:
495:
493:
485:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
460:
459:
457:
448:
434:
431:
430:
428:
424:Vaipae Tapere
423:
420:
419:
417:
412:
409:
408:
406:
401:
398:
395:
394:
392:
387:
385:Avanui Tapere
384:
383:
381:
376:
373:
371:Reureu Tapere
370:
367:
366:
364:
359:
356:
355:
353:
348:
345:
344:
342:
341:
340:
338:
335:, 12 of them
334:
333:minor islands
330:
322:
301:
296:
285:
280:
273:
268:
261:
256:
249:
244:
243:
231:
230:
221:
218:
217:
208:
205:
204:
195:
192:
191:
182:
179:
178:
169:
166:
165:
159:
154:
151:
150:
142:
138:
136:
131:
129:
128:
123:
122:
116:
114:
110:
109:
104:
103:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1087:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1059:
1050:
1025:the original
1020:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
990:
981:
969:. Retrieved
964:
739:
734:
718:
653:
490:
453:
413:Tautu Tapere
399:Vaiau Tapere
377:Ureia Tapere
360:Punoa Tapere
346:Amuri Tapere
327:
292:(German Map)
139:
134:
132:
125:
119:
117:
113:matakeinanga
112:
106:
100:
96:
92:
90:
85:
48:of the main
17:
15:
421:Oako Tapere
1142:Categories
1093:"Oc_mauke"
1066:27 January
997:27 January
971:27 January
944:References
70:Palmerston
52:or to the
736:Rarotonga
723:Rarotonga
305:Rarotonga
220:Rarotonga
160:Number of
157:Districts
155:Number of
121:rangatira
26:Rarotonga
818:downtown
564:Tamarua
329:Aitutaki
316:Aitutaki
253:Aitutaki
168:Aitutaki
102:mataiapo
46:ahupua'a
34:Aitutaki
659:Vaimutu
492:Mangaia
479:Mangaia
194:Mangaia
162:tapere
74:Takutea
62:Mitiaro
58:Pohnpei
54:kousapw
30:Mangaia
1103:May 1,
779:Avarua
152:Island
127:kÅmono
78:atolls
66:Manuae
40:, and
18:Tapere
1028:(PDF)
1017:(PDF)
655:Mauke
650:Mauke
289:Mauke
232:Total
207:Mauke
135:uanga
108:ariki
72:and
42:Mauke
1105:2009
1068:2013
999:2013
973:2013
740:Vaka
456:Atiu
442:Atiu
337:motu
265:Atiu
238:128
181:Atiu
97:Pava
93:puna
86:motu
76:are
38:Atiu
227:54
214:11
201:38
175:19
124:or
56:of
1144::
1058:.
1036:^
1019:.
989:.
963:.
952:^
235:29
188:6
68:,
36:,
32:,
28:,
16:A
1107:.
1070:.
1001:.
975:.
224:5
211:4
198:6
185:6
172:8
24:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
