306:
36:
355:
346:
432:
1177:
952:
971:
325:
was eventually built near the site of the temple. In 1613, while digging the foundations for a statue of that saint near the chapel, many large blocks of marble from the temple were found, together with pillars, cornices, capitals and carved slabs including the
Chrestion inscription. The chapel no
278:
Chrestion, a freedman of
Augustus, Procurator of the islands of Melite and Gaulos, repaired the columns together with the roof and walls of the temple of the goddess Proserpina, that through age were ready to tumble down, he likewise gilded the
580:
215:
The date of construction is unknown, but it was renovated in the 1st century BC or AD. The ruins of the temple were discovered in 1613, and most of its marble blocks were later used in the decoration of buildings, including
484:
422:
Today, only a few fragments from the temple still exist. These include a fluted marble column shaft and part of a cornice. Only a few broken fragments of the original
Chrestion inscription have survived.
415:
examined the site of the temple in 1882, and found no remains except for some holes dug in the rock. He recorded that some capitals, pillars and cornices were piled up in the square in front of the
240:
evidence of the temple is the
Chrestion inscription, which was discovered among its ruins in 1613. It records that the temple was already old and was threatening to collapse during the reign of
599:
314:
616:
381:
Over the following centuries, most of the remains of the temple were used in the construction of new buildings. In the 1680s, some marble blocks were used to carve the trophy of
499:
566:
953:"The known unknown: identification, provenancing, and relocation of pieces of decorative architecture from Roman public buildings and other private structures in Malta"
1212:
1237:
1058:
294:
104:
305:
35:
711:
404:, written by Thomas MacGill in 1839, it is mentioned that "not a vestige of remains above ground", but some fragments were found at the
729:
754:
1227:
565:. Persephone was the daughter of Zeus. However the restoration marble refers to the temple as of Proserpina not Persephone. in
593:
473:
1051:
844:
579:
Bonanno, Anthony (2016). "The Cult of
Hercules in Roman Malta: a discussion of the evidence". In Victor Bonnici (ed.).
1161:
1026:
919:
829:
1252:
986:
1242:
1106:
1044:
416:
444:
1151:
97:
1121:
1111:
400:
The temple was a very frequented site by almost all archeologist on the islands in the 19th century. In
1232:
76:
397:, which was built in the late 1750s, also contains marble cannibalized from the Temple of Proserpina.
1222:
1217:
1087:
463:
449:
405:
788:
330:
982:
943:
939:
412:
1116:
354:
394:
368:
221:
1130:
1067:
1016:
905:
792:
715:
1078:
1001:
554:
205:
40:
Statue of St. Nicholas in Mtarfa stands on the site of the former Temple of
Proserpina, Malta
1166:
1125:
794:
Della
Descrizione di Malta Isola nel Mare Siciliano con le sue Antichità, ed Altre Notizie
762:
468:. Vol. 2. Self-Published supported by the Malta Tourism Authority. pp. 112–113.
335:
Della
Descrizione di Malta Isola nel Mare Siciliano con le sue Antichità, ed Altre Notizie
8:
1247:
386:
364:
217:
933:
245:
326:
longer exists, but the statue of St. Nicholas still stands on the site of the temple.
1022:
963:
915:
825:
589:
469:
988:
Report on the
Phoenician and Roman antiquities in the group of the islands of Malta
293:. If still in use by the 4th century, the temple would have been closed during the
290:
185:
1207:
419:, while other remains were found in the private collection of Mr. Sant Fournier.
382:
1136:
345:
1146:
1141:
322:
1201:
967:
528:
119:
106:
588:. Vol. 3. Journal of the Malta Classics Association. pp. 243–264.
1176:
1082:
929:
193:
66:
1036:
1156:
935:
Observations and inquiries relating to various parts of ancient history
550:
546:
431:
209:
545:
Some theories suggest that the temple was a Greek Temple dedicated to
237:
882:
509:
485:"The Proserpina Temple and the History of its Chrestion Inscription"
390:
372:
244:
in the 1st century BC or AD, and it was restored by
Chrestion, the
241:
225:
315:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
911:
845:
The historical guide to the island of Malta and its dependencies
558:
557:(a Roman city) as it was Greek not Roman; and that close by in
286:
248:
of the Maltese Islands. This inscription is the earliest known
197:
168:
86:
1007:
992:
436:
249:
204:, an area which was originally a suburb outside the walls of
201:
90:
562:
313:
now stands on the site of the temple. The statue is on the
553:. Two theories are that: the temple was located outside
300:
375:
was taken from the ruins of the Temple of Proserpina.
1003:
A hand book, or guide, for strangers visiting Malta
402:
A hand book, or guide, for strangers visiting Malta
904:Bonanno, Anthony; Militello, Pietro, eds. (2008).
1199:
903:
667:
1213:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Malta
465:Discover Rabat: Mdina and Exceptional Outskirts
295:persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
1052:
694:
692:
690:
688:
1238:Demolished buildings and structures in Malta
950:
907:Malta in the Hybleans, the Hybleans in Malta
868:
775:
655:
549:, the Greek equivalent to the Roman Goddess
329:The discovery of the temple was recorded by
228:. Only a few fragments still survive today.
819:
813:
231:
1066:
1059:
1045:
797:(in Italian). Paolo Bonacota. p. 207.
685:
363:Some of the marble used in the façades of
212:, goddess of the underworld and renewal.
155:Unknown, ruins cleared 17th–18th centuries
880:
482:
430:
304:
999:
981:
856:
807:
698:
578:
252:text that was found in Malta. It read:
1200:
1014:
928:
679:
643:
461:
1040:
787:
301:Discovery of remains and destruction
824:. Klabb Kotba Maltin. p. 922.
13:
752:
730:"History of a little rural chapel"
455:
14:
1264:
1175:
353:
344:
311:Statue of Saint Nicholas of Bari
34:
1228:1613 archaeological discoveries
1152:Tal-Barrani tombs and catacombs
914:: Officina di Studi Medievali.
896:
874:
862:
850:
838:
801:
781:
769:
746:
722:
704:
510:Criticism by Gio Anton Vassallo
1186:
1099:
1090:
1021:. Cambridge University Press.
673:
661:
649:
637:
609:
572:
539:
521:
1:
995:: Government Printing Office.
515:
445:List of Ancient Roman temples
16:Roman temple in Mtarfa, Malta
951:Cardona, David (2008–2009).
668:Bonanno & Militello 2008
289:and its columns were in the
285:The temple was built out of
7:
883:"The Chrestion Inscription"
820:Guillaumier, Alfie (2005).
435:Statue of St. Nicholas and
426:
385:above the main entrance of
10:
1269:
1107:Għajn Tuffieħa Roman Baths
960:Malta Archeological Review
498:(1): 32–39. Archived from
1184:
1173:
1162:Ta' Kaċċatura Roman villa
1074:
881:Busuttil, Joseph (2015).
789:Abela, Giovanni Francesco
450:Temple of Apollo (Melite)
164:
159:
151:
143:
135:
96:
82:
72:
62:
54:
49:
45:
33:
26:
21:
1122:Punic-Roman round towers
1018:The Archaeology of Malta
1015:Sagona, Claudia (2015).
1000:MacGill, Thomas (1839).
983:Caruana, Antonio Annetto
561:there was the Temple of
483:Mercieca, Simon (2014).
462:Dingli, Pauline (2009).
331:Giovanni Francesco Abela
263:ET PARIETIBVS TEMPLI DEÆ
259:INSVLARVM MELIT. ET GAVL
232:History and architecture
27:
1253:Destroyed Roman temples
962:(9). Midsea Books: 43.
940:University of Cambridge
413:Antonio Annetto Caruana
269:................... RES
120:35.891556°N 14.401278°E
1243:Roman temples by deity
1112:Għar Għerduf catacombs
1068:Roman remains in Malta
492:Treasures of Malta, 61
440:
321:A chapel dedicated to
318:
283:
261:COLVMNAS CVM FASTIDIIS
208:. It was dedicated to
189:
434:
308:
271:TITVIT SIMVL ET PILAM
257:CHRESTION AVG. L PROC
254:
190:Tempju ta' Proserpina
28:Tempju ta' Proserpina
1117:Ħal Resqun catacombs
1097:Temple of Proserpina
822:Bliet u Rħula Maltin
718:on January 22, 2015.
533:maltahistory.eu5.net
393:. The façade of the
267:RVINAM IMMINIENTIBVS
265:PROSERPINÆ VETVSTATE
182:Temple of Proserpine
178:Temple of Proserpina
147:1st century BC or AD
136:Construction started
125:35.891556; 14.401278
22:Temple of Proserpina
735:. melitensiawth.com
617:"Newspaper article"
567:Cult and continuity
116: /
73:Architectural style
50:General information
1167:Żejtun Roman villa
887:Treasures of Malta
859:, pp. 104–105
701:, pp. 142–143
441:
411:The archaeologist
319:
1233:Destroyed temples
1195:
1194:
869:Cardona 2008–2009
776:Cardona 2008–2009
656:Cardona 2008–2009
595:978-99957-847-4-4
475:978-99932-063-2-3
333:in his 1647 book
174:
173:
160:Technical details
1260:
1223:Marble buildings
1218:Temples in Malta
1189:
1179:
1102:
1093:
1088:Temple of Apollo
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1011:
996:
978:
977:on 14 June 2017.
976:
970:. Archived from
957:
947:
925:
891:
890:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
835:
817:
811:
810:, pp. 62–63
805:
799:
798:
785:
779:
773:
767:
766:
765:on 6 March 2016.
761:. Archived from
759:malta-canada.com
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
734:
726:
720:
719:
714:. Archived from
708:
702:
696:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
658:, pp. 40–41
653:
647:
641:
635:
634:
632:
631:
621:
613:
607:
606:
605:on 5 April 2019.
604:
598:. Archived from
587:
576:
570:
543:
537:
536:
529:"Anna and Malta"
525:
506:
505:on 29 June 2019.
504:
489:
479:
387:Auberge d'Italie
367:(1680s) and the
365:Auberge d'Italie
357:
348:
291:Corinthian order
218:Auberge d'Italie
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
38:
19:
18:
1268:
1267:
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1198:
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1191:
1180:
1171:
1070:
1065:
1035:
1029:
974:
955:
922:
899:
894:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
832:
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786:
782:
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751:
747:
738:
736:
732:
728:
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723:
710:
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705:
697:
686:
678:
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666:
662:
654:
650:
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638:
629:
627:
619:
615:
614:
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602:
596:
585:
582:Melita Classica
577:
573:
544:
540:
527:
526:
522:
518:
502:
487:
476:
458:
456:Further reading
429:
417:Mdina cathedral
383:Gregorio Carafa
379:
378:
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376:
360:
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303:
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124:
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41:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1185:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:San Pawl Milqi
1144:
1142:Ras il-Wardija
1139:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1012:
1010:: Luigi Tonna.
997:
979:
948:
926:
920:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:
873:
861:
849:
837:
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768:
753:Scerri, John.
745:
721:
703:
684:
672:
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571:
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519:
517:
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406:Public Library
362:
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323:Saint Nicholas
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1077:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1028:9781107006690
1024:
1020:
1019:
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1009:
1005:
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989:
984:
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973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
949:
945:
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937:
936:
931:
930:Bryant, Jacob
927:
923:
921:9788888615752
917:
913:
909:
908:
902:
901:
888:
884:
877:
870:
865:
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846:
841:
833:
831:99932-39-40-2
827:
823:
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809:
804:
796:
795:
790:
784:
777:
772:
764:
760:
756:
749:
731:
725:
717:
713:
712:"NICPMI 2318"
707:
700:
695:
693:
691:
689:
681:
676:
670:, p. 237
669:
664:
657:
652:
646:, p. 285
645:
640:
625:
624:www.um.edu.mt
618:
612:
601:
597:
591:
584:
583:
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486:
481:
477:
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466:
460:
459:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
438:
433:
424:
420:
418:
414:
409:
408:in Valletta.
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
374:
371:(1757–60) in
370:
366:
356:
347:
338:
336:
332:
327:
324:
316:
312:
307:
298:
296:
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253:
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150:
146:
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138:
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101:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
77:Ancient Roman
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
37:
32:
25:
20:
1187:
1137:Ras ir-Raħeb
1100:
1096:
1091:
1083:Domvs Romana
1017:
1002:
987:
972:the original
959:
934:
906:
897:Bibliography
889:(62): 60–63.
886:
876:
871:, p. 47
864:
857:MacGill 1839
852:
840:
821:
815:
808:MacGill 1839
803:
793:
783:
778:, p. 42
771:
763:the original
758:
748:
737:. Retrieved
724:
716:the original
706:
699:Caruana 1882
682:, p. 53
675:
663:
651:
639:
628:. Retrieved
623:
611:
600:the original
581:
574:
541:
532:
523:
500:the original
495:
491:
464:
421:
410:
401:
399:
380:
334:
328:
320:
310:
284:
277:
256:
235:
214:
194:Roman temple
181:
177:
175:
108:35°53′29.6″N
847:. p. 68-69.
680:Bryant 1767
644:Sagona 2015
395:Castellania
369:Castellania
222:Castellania
123: /
111:14°24′4.6″E
98:Coordinates
1248:Proserpina
1202:Categories
1131:Ta' Ġawhar
942:. p.
739:2020-03-20
630:2020-03-20
551:Proserpina
547:Persephone
516:References
273:INAVRAVIT.
246:procurator
238:epigraphic
210:Proserpina
1190:Destroyed
1126:Ta' Ċieda
968:2224-8722
317:(NICPMI).
276:(meaning
236:The only
152:Destroyed
144:Renovated
58:Destroyed
1157:Tas-Silġ
985:(1882).
932:(1767).
791:(1647).
755:"Mtarfa"
427:See also
391:Valletta
373:Valletta
242:Augustus
226:Valletta
220:and the
192:) was a
165:Material
83:Location
912:Palermo
279:pillar.
186:Maltese
139:Unknown
1208:Mtarfa
1079:Melite
1025:
966:
918:
828:
626:. 1999
592:
559:Mtarfa
555:Melite
472:
439:at far
287:marble
206:Melite
198:Mtarfa
169:Marble
87:Mtarfa
67:Temple
55:Status
1008:Malta
993:Malta
975:(PDF)
956:(PDF)
733:(PDF)
620:(PDF)
603:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
488:(PDF)
437:Mdina
250:Latin
202:Malta
91:Malta
1023:ISBN
964:ISSN
916:ISBN
826:ISBN
590:ISBN
563:Zeus
470:ISBN
309:The
176:The
63:Type
389:in
224:in
196:in
180:or
1204::
1006:.
991:.
958:.
944:53
938:.
910:.
885:.
757:.
687:^
622:.
531:.
496:21
494:.
490:.
337:.
297:.
200:,
188::
89:,
1133:)
1124:(
1103:)
1081:(
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
1031:.
946:.
924:.
834:.
742:.
633:.
569:.
535:.
478:.
281:)
184:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
