117:
1268:
1278:
1725:
109:, as part of the "Populate or Perish" policy. It was intended to substantially increase the population of Australia and to supply workers for the country's booming industries. In return for subsidising the cost of travelling to Australia, the Government promised employment prospects, affordable housing, and a generally more optimistic lifestyle. But upon arrival, migrants were placed in basic migration
38:
178:
Assisted migrants were generally required to remain in
Australia for two years after arrival, or alternatively refund the cost of their assisted passage. If they chose to travel back to Britain, the cost of the journey was at least ÂŁ120 (in 1945 pounds, equivalent to ÂŁ6,541 in 2023), a large sum
194:
after one year's residence in
Australia. In 1973 the residence requirement was extended to three years, the requirements being place of residence, good character, knowledge of the language, and rights and duties of citizenship and the intention to live permanently in Australia. In November 1984 the
154:
to
Australia. In 1957 more migrants were encouraged to travel following a campaign called "Bring out a Briton". The scheme reached its peak in 1969, when more than 80,000 migrants took advantage of the scheme. In 1973 the cost to migrants of the assisted passage was increased to ÂŁ75 (equivalent to
195:
residence requirement was reduced to two years. However, relatively few
British migrants—compared to other post-war arrivals, such as Turks—took up Australian citizenship. Consequently, many may have lost their Australian residency status later on, usually through leaving Australia.
174:
but also residents of
British colonies such as Malta and Cyprus. Australia also operated schemes to assist selected migrants from other countries, notably the Netherlands (1951), Italy (1951), Greece (1952), West Germany (1952) and Turkey (1967).
1234:
226:
medallion from the Dutch government in the following year. The
British immigration scheme lasted until 1971, with 76,673 immigrants. From 1957 to 1971, the scheme applied to further European countries, with a total of 1,442 immigrants.
179:
in those days and one that most could not afford. It was also possible for many
British people to migrate to Australia on a non-assisted basis before the early 1970s, although most travelled as Ten Pounders. This was part of the wider
1571:
1264:
1442:
1036:
1566:
1551:
1546:
1256:
222:, and was expanded to include the Netherlands in 1950. The Dutch immigration scheme finished in 1963, with just over 6,000 immigrants to New Zealand; with Bockett receiving the
1308:
1298:
572:
142:
for the fare (hence the name; in 1945 pounds, equivalent to ÂŁ545 in 2023), and migrant scheme children travelled free of charge. It was a follow-on to the unofficial
183:. An estimated quarter of British migrants returned to the UK within the qualifying period; however, half of these—the so-called "Boomerang Poms"—returned to Australia.
1531:
1124:
1459:
1515:
1249:
676:
410:
moved to Sydney with his family in 1967. According to
Roberts, he "was brought up in an English household and Australia existed outside the front door".
713:
689:"Immigration to Australia During the 20th Century – Historical Impacts on Immigration Intake, Population Size and Population Composition – A Timeline"
1768:
1324:
1586:
1728:
1242:
102:
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78:
initiated a similar scheme in 1947. The
Australian government arranged for assisted passage to Australia on chartered ships and aircraft.
771:
1011:
1758:
158:
While the term "Ten Pound Pom" is in common use, the scheme was not limited to migrants from the United
Kingdom. People born in the
1763:
1505:
1753:
1366:
1354:
576:
1773:
1682:
1454:
1272:
260:, migrated in 1960 under the scheme, although his father had already lived in Australia after arriving at the beginning of the
19:
This article is about a colloquial term used to describe British migrants to Australia and NZ. For the BBC/Stan TV drama, see
877:
1293:
1645:
803:
958:
904:
51:
in Tilbury Docks circa 1957 shortly before sailing for Sydney carrying (mainly) migrants on the assisted passage scheme.
1604:
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833:
808:
775:
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59:
30:
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337:, Scotland, to become the twin guitars and later the songwriting team that took the Easybeats to the world with "
42:
1075:
878:"North Coast Voices: In 1960 the Menzies Government decided to inflict Master Anthony John Abbott on the nation"
688:
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63:
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1125:"The courageous journey of Ian Roberts, rugby league's first openly gay player | Patrick Skene"
116:
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71:
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between 1945 and 1972. It was the last substantial scheme for preferential migration from the
1703:
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299:
932:
501:
403:
moved to Australia with his parents in 1950. He was named "Australian of the Year" in 1978.
1667:
143:
651:
547:
8:
1614:
207:
initiated a similar immigration scheme in July 1947. The first immigrants arrived on the
163:
1144:
392:
is the daughter of two Ten Pound Poms; her mother was on the same boat as the Gibbs and
268:
and his mother was an Australian expatriate living in Britain at the time of his birth.
1609:
1510:
291:
98:
1037:"Sizzled and burned...The baby-faced superstar who took Australian music to the world"
249:, Wales, in 1966, aged four. Her parents hoped the warmer climate would help cure her
1228:
1204:
338:
223:
313:
migrated independently and formed their band after arriving in Sydney. Lead singer
265:
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125:
67:
1619:
1576:
1572:
International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children
1420:
620:
369:
167:
1692:
1536:
1495:
1277:
385:
272:
250:
139:
106:
86:
714:"Australian citizenship: a chronology of major developments in policy and law"
1742:
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419:
414:
389:
360:
Other musical artists to have migrated to Australia under the scheme include
342:
310:
238:
208:
171:
151:
147:
798:
1400:
1129:
1076:"Session expired | RecordSearch | National Archives of Australia"
909:
365:
361:
219:
82:
1567:
Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast
436:
381:
377:
346:
322:
290:(Gibb brothers), born on the Isle of Man, spent their first few years in
276:
257:
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Agreement for the Suppression of the Circulation of Obscene Publications
1384:
393:
303:
295:
162:
or in the southern counties of Ireland before the establishment of the
46:
1547:
International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic
855:
170:
were eligible and, at the time, that included not only those from the
113:
and the expected job opportunities were not always readily available.
1415:
1267:
373:
354:
326:
246:
575:. Immigration Museum, State of Victoria. 10 May 2009. Archived from
905:"Harold Larwood's low-key leaving of England went almost unnoticed"
478:
287:
279:(in 1960) also took advantage of the scheme when they retired from
694:. Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Citizenship
424:
334:
280:
110:
97:
The Assisted Passage Migration Scheme was created in 1945 by the
74:
initiated the Assisted Passage Migration Scheme in 1945, and the
1677:
443:
refers to Ten Pound Poms, as the writer's father-in-law was one
423:, was born in Manchester on Christmas Day 1958 and migrated to
166:
in 1949 were also classified as British subjects. In fact most
1410:
1405:
350:
318:
37:
1009:
1532:
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
1058:"What do we really know about national treasure Colin Hay"
1443:
British Army regiments in Australia between 1810 and 1870
452:
1460:
Second Australian Imperial Force in the United Kingdom
1516:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
1309:
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia
1299:
High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom
214:
later that year. The scheme was administered by the
146:
and attracted more than a million migrants from the
92:
677:
British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland
186:Before 1 December 1973, migrants to Australia from
155:ÂŁ1,146 in 2023). The scheme was ended in 1982.
502:"Post World War II British Migration to Australia"
1740:
1587:Geneva Convention on the Wounded and Sick (1929)
1201:'Ten Pound Poms': Australia's Invisible Migrants
1198:
1199:Hammerton, A. James; Thomson, Alistair (2005).
1010:developer@themonthly.com.au (2 December 2010).
89:10 in processing fees to migrate to Australia.
740:
738:
736:
734:
1350:2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
1345:2002 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
1340:1981 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
1325:Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
1250:
1171:"Diminishing city: hope, despair and Whyalla"
1582:Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)
790:
1729:Category:Australia–United Kingdom relations
1203:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
731:
439:' song "Win One Time" off their 2012 album
417:, best known for his role in the 1994 film
298:, England, then moved in the late 1950s to
1257:
1243:
306:, where they began their musical careers.
230:
134:to take migrants from the UK to Australia
1769:Settlement schemes in the British Empire
1506:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
822:
772:"Assisted immigration resumes after war"
649:
115:
36:
1367:Royal visits to Rockhampton, Queensland
1355:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
1168:
902:
645:
643:
641:
1741:
1455:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
601:. The University of Sussex at Brighton
567:
565:
1238:
1122:
198:
138:Adult migrants were charged only ten
1294:High Commission of Australia, London
638:
542:
540:
1646:Australian Astronomical Observatory
1169:Stanley, Peter (20 February 2017).
804:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
562:
353:with another immigratory Scotsman,
81:The migrants were called Ten Pound
13:
1605:British nuclear tests at Maralinga
1433:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
1273:Australia–United Kingdom relations
796:
650:Matthews, Lisa (31 January 2008).
520:"'Ten Pound Pom' – oral interview"
474:"New generation of Ten Pound Poms"
14:
1785:
1491:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
1304:British High Commission, Canberra
1218:
1123:Skene, Patrick (17 August 2015).
834:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
809:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
776:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
750:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
537:
309:The five original members of the
93:Assisted Passage Migration Scheme
31:Post-war immigration to Australia
1759:British emigrants to New Zealand
1724:
1723:
1641:1919 England to Australia flight
1276:
1266:
1149:National Portrait Gallery people
1012:"Harry Vanda & George Young"
903:Keating, Frank (28 April 2010).
882:Northcoastvoices.blogspot.com.au
652:"The ÂŁ10 ticket to another life"
548:"The ÂŁ10 ticket to another life"
1764:Settlement schemes in Australia
1663:Australian War Memorial, London
1428:Five Power Defence Arrangements
1192:
1162:
1137:
1116:
1086:
1068:
1050:
1029:
1003:
977:
961:. Ten Pound Pom. Archived from
951:
925:
896:
870:
848:
764:
706:
681:
441:Goody Hallett and Other Stories
1754:British emigrants to Australia
1557:International Opium Convention
670:
613:
591:
512:
494:
466:
406:Rugby league player and actor
341:". George's younger brothers,
241:migrated with her family from
1:
1774:Settlement schemes in Oceania
1227:Ten Pound Pom interviewed by
524:manawatuheritage.pncc.govt.nz
459:
349:, formed the twin guitars of
858:. BBC News. 7 September 2010
506:Museums Victoria Collections
7:
1625:McClelland Royal Commission
1501:Statute of Westminster 1931
430:
190:were eligible to apply for
10:
1790:
1651:Anglo-Australian Telescope
1450:RAAF Overseas Headquarters
58:were British citizens who
28:
18:
1720:
1673:Britain–Australia Society
1633:
1595:
1524:
1468:
1438:British Army in Australia
1393:
1377:
1317:
1286:
1094:"Alan Bond – In Memoriam"
205:Government of New Zealand
76:Government of New Zealand
1562:Paris Convention of 1919
1486:South Australia Act 1842
1481:South Australia Act 1834
1476:New South Wales Act 1823
1362:Royal tours of Australia
1145:"Nicholas Hope, b. 1959"
985:"Stevie Wright obituary"
856:"Profile: Julia Gillard"
799:"Herbert Leslie Bockett"
256:Another prime minister,
103:Minister for Immigration
1542:Berne Convention (1906)
1335:Commonwealth of Nations
1080:recordsearch.naa.gov.au
959:"Famous Ten Pound Poms"
231:Well-known participants
72:Government of Australia
1711:The Queen in Australia
1658:Australian State Coach
1330:Nauru Island Agreement
1098:Australian of the Year
933:"Frank Tyson obituary"
746:"Peopling New Zealand"
218:under the guidance of
192:Australian citizenship
188:Commonwealth countries
181:White Australia policy
135:
52:
1704:A Bride from the Bush
1688:Monarchy of Australia
830:"Leaving the grey UK"
271:England fast bowlers
132:Ministry of Transport
119:
85:due to the charge of
60:migrated to Australia
40:
1668:Big Brother Movement
482:. BBC. 5 August 2009
216:Department of Labour
144:Big Brother Movement
1615:Operation Hurricane
939:. 27 September 2015
625:www.pandosnco.co.uk
329:, Netherlands, and
164:Republic of Ireland
1610:Operation Blowdown
1511:Australia Act 1986
1394:Military relations
991:. 31 December 2015
579:on 17 January 2010
455:television series)
292:Chorlton-cum-Hardy
199:New Zealand scheme
136:
99:Chifley government
53:
1736:
1735:
1229:Radio New Zealand
884:. 7 December 2011
550:. 31 January 2008
339:Friday on My Mind
266:Blue Funnel Liner
224:Olivier van Noort
1781:
1727:
1726:
1683:Sports rivalries
1287:Diplomatic posts
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1280:
1271:
1270:
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1175:The Conversation
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1109:
1104:on 19 March 2022
1100:. Archived from
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965:on 25 April 2012
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797:Martin, John E.
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752:. 19 August 2014
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621:"Ten Pound Poms"
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599:"Ten Pound Poms"
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573:"Ten Pound Poms"
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262:Second World War
168:British subjects
160:Irish Free State
68:Second World War
16:Immigration plan
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836:. 17 July 2014
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333:migrated from
325:migrated from
317:migrated from
275:(in 1950) and
273:Harold Larwood
251:lung infection
236:Prime Minister
232:
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107:Arthur Calwell
101:and its first
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56:Ten Pound Poms
22:Ten Pound Poms
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