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commander of one of humanity's most advanced ships so that he can screen existing fleet officers and ensure they are not defeatists. In a twist, it turns out he himself is a defeatist who knows a military victory is impossible and wants mankind to survive by fleeing the solar system. Thanks to him, many ships do escape. However, it is later revealed that he knows the crew of each ship will independently conclude that it's highly unlikely all of them can make it to a star system before running out of fuel, thus a single ship should kill the crews of the other ships and strip them for resources to maximize the chance of humans surviving their potentially endless voyage. Hesitating before he starts this process, another ship attacks his own and kills him, but guarantees the survival of these space humans. The battle, which leaves only a single ship alive in each of the two fleets, is used by Luo Ji to explain how the "dark forest" operates in reality. An important character in the novel, Zhang's story is told in detail and serves as a parallel to the main plot. In some ways, he is a rogue
Wallfacer.
845:. On the surface, his plan was to develop very powerful hydrogen bombs that would combat the Trisolaran fleet. In reality, the plan was to create so many bombs that he would have the power to slow down Mercury's orbit and cause a chain reaction where all planets in the Solar System would be consumed by the Sun. The idea was to force the Trisolaran fleet to surrender by threatening mutual destruction – they would not have the fuel to get to another habitable planet system. His Wallbreaker explained he would never have gotten the number of bombs required, and the nature of his plan was too scandalous for the world. He then blackmails the UN with fake nuclear bombs so he can return to Venezuela where he is promptly stoned to death by his own people for threatening the destruction of the Solar System.
829:. On the surface, his plan was to make a massive swarm of kamikaze fighter craft to combat the Trisolaran fleet. In reality, the plan was to remotely control that fighter craft swarm to destroy Earth's other ships and, to make the ruse of being a turncoat fleet more effective, transport a massive quantity of water to the incoming Trisolarans. Having managed to get within point blank range, the swarm fleet would then detonate hydrogen bombs. Informed by his Wallbreaker that his plan to betray Earth in the first instance would be revealed to the world, he experiences despair. Then, unable to resign from Wallfacer status because it can't be proven that his revealed plan was his true plan, he commits suicide.
470:
Wenjie, which the sophons presumably overheard. After reflecting on the conversation, he comes to a realization. Luo arranges for the location of a star 49.5 light-years away to be broadcast throughout the galaxy, without explaining his purpose. He then enters hibernation, asking to be woken if an effect on the star is noticed. Soon after the broadcast is sent, the
Trisolaran fleet launches a series of probes with faster acceleration that will reach the
38:
466:
paradise and an idealised partner, with whom he starts a family. After several years of peace and happiness, Luo's wife takes their daughter, and they go into hibernation until the
Trisolaran fleet arrives. UN Secretary General Say tells Luo that this hibernation had always been a UN contigency plan to motivate Luo to perform his Wallfacer duties.
94:
888:, referring to the Trisolaran droplet probe, is a 14-minute tribute film produced by Wang Ren, who was then a graduate student studying Architecture in Columbia University. The author Liu Cixin commented, "This is the kind of film I have in mind. If the feeling of such an atmosphere can be delivered in a
509:
However, this is a ruse. His true goal is to circumvent the probe's transmission jamming. Luo reveals to the sophons that the bombs have been programmed and arranged in such a way that the cosmic dust pattern created by their detonation will reveal to all observers
Trisolaris' location in the form of
465:
Luo doesn't view himself as capable and refuses the position of
Wallfacer, but finds himself unable to do so. All his actions, including announcing his resignation, are interpreted as a ruse in service of his ultimate strategy. Selfishly, he takes advantage of his power in order to secure an isolated
493:
that underpinned his strategy, which he came to understand after reflecting on his conversation with Ye Wenjie: There is life everywhere in the galaxy, but since growth is constant and resources are finite, each galactic civilization is strongly incentivized to destroy any others upon discovery. The
453:
The sophons can overhear any conversation and intercept any written or digital communication but cannot read human thoughts, so the UN devises a countermeasure by initiating the "Wallfacer" Program. Four individuals are granted vast resources and tasked with generating and fulfilling strategies that
596:
Political commissar in the PLA Navy. Assassinates proponents of media-drive research in order to guarantee the development of drives more capable of interstellar travel. He is hibernated because his seeming unimpeachable triumphalism is required in the future. When he's woken, he's appointed acting
485:
The UN discovers that the star whose location Luo had broadcast has been eliminated by an unknown hyper-advanced civilization, and his
Wallfacer status is quickly restored. However, Luo says his strategy has already been foiled. After destroying the fleet, the Trisolaran probe stations itself near
793:
Relieved of command due to a scan of fleet command for evidence of mental seal use, unable to prevent Zhang Beihai from taking complete control of the flagship and fleeing Earth. Attempts to initiate a first strike against the other vessels due to the conclusion that there are not enough supplies
477:
Luo is revived 200 years later in a wealthier, more advanced society and is told that the
Wallfacer program has been terminated. Though its technology has been limited by sophon sabotage, Earth has still managed to build a fleet of ships that are larger and faster than the Trisolaran vessels, and
469:
Luo learns that he was chosen as a
Wallfacer because he is the only human that the Trisolarans have ever directly targeted for assassination (and failed), suggesting that the aliens fear him for some unknown reason. Luo concludes that he must have been targeted because of his conversation with Ye
505:
scenario. With the
Trisolaran probe thwarting such communication, a forlorn Luo spends his time on a UN project involving distributing nuclear bombs throughout the outer solar system in order to create cosmic dust that will help detect, but not prevent, the arrival of the main Trisolaran fleet.
457:
Trisolarans have evolved so that their thoughts transmit openly, and as a result the entire species is unfamiliar with concepts like lies, misdirection and subterfuge. To overcome this weakness, the
Trisolarans select three loyalist humans dubbed "Wallbreakers," who are given full access to the
721:, oversees the creation of the Wallfacer project and selects Luo Ji, gambling that his importance to Trisolaris might generate success for humanity. Attempts to create a Human Memorial Project to catalogue human culture, which is destroyed for being defeatist by the Planetary Defense Council.
870:
Astronomer and sociologist. Given the initial axioms of cosmic sociology by Ye Wenjie prior to the events of the series. He is his own Wallbreaker when he concludes that the axioms result in the Dark Forest state of the universe, and thus the only strategic option against the Trisolarans is
857:
English neuroscientist and former president of the EU. His outward facing plan was to boost human intelligence to a high enough level to overcome the scientific block on particle physics by the sophons. This wasn't possible due to limitations on computing. His true plan was to instill an
478:
world leaders are confident that they can defeat the invasion force. This triumphalism is shattered by the arrival of the Trisolaran's first probe, which proves to be far more technologically sophisticated and annihilates humanity's combined fleet in minutes. Earth collapses into
441:
is trying to find a way to survive the invasion of the Trisolaran fleet, which will arrive in about 421 years. Their prime difficulty is the sophons: super-smart subatomic machines sent from Trisolaris that see everything on Earth and block advances in
454:
must never leave their own heads. Three of the Wallfacers are famous for their military, political, psychological and/or scientific expertise; the fourth is the obscure professor Luo Ji, who does not initially understand why he was chosen.
458:
information collected by the sophons and tasked with deducing the plans of the Wallfacers. Within a few years, two of the Wallbreakers successfully ruin the strategies of their respective Wallfacers. The third Wallfacer
711:
Liaison to the PDC. Wallfacer Security Staff for Luo Ji. Despite his best efforts at physically securing Luo Ji in an underground bunker, he passes on the Bed Flu bioweapon to Luo Ji. Dies of old age in Luo Ji's
687:. Wallfacer Head of Security who becomes a close ally to Luo Ji. Afflicted by leukemia and hibernates to the doomsday battle with Luo Ji where he saves his life multiple times from an assassin computer virus.
414:, but Chinese readers generally refer to the series by the title of the first novel. The English version, translated by Joel Martinsen, was published in 2015. The novel is about the
1012:
450:. The UN must also deal with an organization of Trisolaran loyalists on Earth who support the invasion and carry out acts of sabotage based on instructions from the sophons.
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who first contacted the Trisolarans and encouraged their invasion. She suggests he study "cosmic sociology" based on a set of axioms that she shares with him.
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incorruptible state of defeatism in humanity's military, forcing humanity to develop plans to escape the solar system rather than stay and fight.
514:. In exchange for leaving the bombs undetonated, Trisolaris accepts the truce, diverts its fleet, and agrees to aid human scientific progress.
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with Ye Wenjie. They agree that it may be possible for galactic civilizations to brighten the "dark forest" and engage in peaceful relations.
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Luo had intended to force the Trisolarans into a truce by threatening to broadcast their home planet's location to the galaxy, creating a
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Astrophysicist who initiated initial contact between Earth and Trisolaris. Spiritual leader of the Earth Trisolaris Organization.
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and Zhang Beihai's co-worker. First commander of humanity's space force and a defeatist who envies Zhang's Triumphalism.
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Years later, Luo, reunited with his wife and daughter, converses briefly with the pacifist Trisolaran who had made
1013:"The Worst of All Possible Universes and the Best of All Possible Earths: Three Body and Chinese Science Fiction"
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In a flashback, Chinese sociology professor Luo Ji has a chance meeting with Ye Wenjie, the astrophysicist from
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Earth and begins transmitting a steady jamming signal, preventing any further interstellar communication.
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Japanese neuroscientist and the wife of Bill Hines; later revealed to be her husband's Wallbreaker
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US General; coordinator at the Planetary Defense Council; military liaison to Hubble II project.
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1126:"'The Dark Forest' Book Ending Explained – Who are the Wallfacers and what were their plans?"
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among the ships to make the interstellar journey. Killed by a faster first strike made by
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and the few ships that weren't destroyed flee the Solar System to form new civilizations.
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1314:"Mixed reaction for animated adaptation of science-fiction hit 'The Three-Body Problem'"
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to continue his efforts in a future era, but ultimately his strategy also fails.
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which explores the science behind Liu Cixin's science fiction was produced by
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in China in November 2022. The second episode covers many ideas featured in
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1158:""The Dark Forest": Cixin Liu Takes Humankind to the Brink of Annihilation"
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is an animation series produced by a group of Chinese fans. Initially a
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only defense against this is to remain unnoticed, thus explaining the
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1087:"Beyond "Fermi's Paradox" XVI: What is the "Dark Forest" Hypothesis?"
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950:. An international version of the series has not yet been released.
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418:(which was named after the novel), a possible solution to the
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are written with the family name first and given name second.
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by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise.
1263:"【MC动画】我的三体 黑暗森林01 & 两首角色歌_单机联机_游戏_bilibili_哔哩哔哩弹幕视频网"
1041:"The Dark Forest Rule: One Solution to the Fermi Paradox"
335:
21:
This article is about the novel. For the hypothesis, see
1288:"[Three-body problem in MC] Season2 episode1"
311:
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through broadcast of their interstellar coordinates.
1144:"The Dark Forest (Remembrance of Earth's Past, #2)"
661:Recently retired chemical plant worker in Beijing.
474:much sooner than the rest of the invasion force.
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921:aired from December 10, 2022 to March 25, 2023.
562:ETO financial backer and key leader, killed in
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924:A three-part documentary series entitled
892:film, I would rest in peace after I die."
637:Retired middle school teacher in Beijing.
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
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976:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
719:Secretary General of the United Nations
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751:Theoretical physicist, returning from
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1237:"南方周末 - 看完《水滴》,毛骨悚然 这就是刘慈欣心目中的《三体》电影"
993:, which play a major role in the plot
904:series produced using the video game
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1966:The Three-Body Problem in Minecraft
1472:The Three-Body Problem in Minecraft
1312:Yuanyuan, Zhao (13 December 2022).
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987:Headquarters of the United Nations
771:, she later becomes Luo Ji's wife.
16:2008 Chinese science fiction novel
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2033:Fiction about suspended animation
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1085:Williams, Matt (7 January 2021).
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49:too long or excessively detailed
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1196:Wang, Ren (12 September 2015).
897:MC Three Body - The Dark Forest
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1112:"The Dark Forest plot summary"
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2018:2008 science fiction novels
1657:Remembrance of Earth's Past
1387:Remembrance of Earth's Past
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411:Remembrance of Earth's Past
398:. It is the sequel to the
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1892:For the Benefit of Mankind
1604:Rendezvous with the Future
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437:In the present day, the
1843:Heard It in the Morning
915:Chinese animated series
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1974:The Three-Body Problem
1931:The Three-Body Problem
1772:End of the Microcosmos
1667:The Three-Body Problem
1596:The Redemption of Time
1480:The Three-Body Problem
1453:The Three-Body Problem
1403:The Three-Body Problem
971:Dark forest hypothesis
948:artificial hibernation
843:President of Venezuela
753:The Three-Body Problem
685:The Three-Body Problem
565:The Three-Body Problem
491:dark forest hypothesis
432:The Three Body Problem
416:dark forest hypothesis
408:in the trilogy titled
405:The Three-Body Problem
213:The Three-Body Problem
25:. For other uses, see
23:Dark forest hypothesis
1958:TV series adaptations
1947:The Wandering Earth 2
1753:A View from the Stars
1718:Of Ants and Dinosaurs
1202:Waterdrop 水滴 on Vimeo
625:Hubble II astronomer.
827:Secretary of Defense
448:quantum entanglement
164:Hard science fiction
2023:Novels by Liu Cixin
2013:2008 Chinese novels
1939:The Wandering Earth
1815:The Village Teacher
1800:The Wandering Earth
1737:The Wandering Earth
1529:Destroyer of Worlds
1318:thechinaproject.com
1057:2015JBIS...68..142Y
803:Science officer of
739:PDC rotating chair.
444:fundamental physics
114:Original title
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1885:Taking Care of God
1745:To Hold Up the Sky
1491:Live-action series
1176:www.project-57.org
991:UN meditation room
890:Three Body Problem
791:Natural Selection.
529:In the following,
460:enters hibernation
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1160:. 7 October 2016.
1130:thereviewgeek.com
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1510:(2024–present)
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1694:Other novels
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1557:Only Advance
1543:Judgment Day
1505:
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848:Bill Hines (
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516:
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472:Solar System
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378:
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345:Southern Min
293:Hanyu Pinyin
238:
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1977:(2022–2023)
1786:Contraction
1729:Collections
1683:Death's End
1483:(2022–2023)
1430:Adaptations
1419:Death's End
1051:: 142–144.
932:BBC Studios
664:Shi Qiang (
541:Ye Wenjie (
271:dark forest
226:Death's End
27:Dark Forest
2007:Categories
1982:Three-Body
1906:2018-04-01
1878:Cannonball
1779:Whale Song
1499:Three-Body
1323:19 January
1297:14 October
1096:18 October
1070:18 October
998:References
825:Former US
811:Wallfacers
800:Major Xizi
525:Characters
512:Morse code
400:Hugo Award
126:Translator
98:Cover page
1913:Curse 5.0
1836:Butterfly
1648:Liu Cixin
1564:Wallfacer
1522:Red Coast
1515:Countdown
1445:Waterdrop
1382:Liu Cixin
1065:0007-084X
917:based on
907:Minecraft
902:machinima
886:Waterdrop
742:Ding Yi (
396:Liu Cixin
108:Liu Cixin
64:June 2023
1915:" (2010)
1908:" (2009)
1901:" (2006)
1899:Mountain
1894:" (2005)
1887:" (2005)
1880:" (2003)
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1866:" (2002)
1864:Devourer
1859:" (2002)
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1817:" (2001)
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1781:" (1999)
1774:" (1998)
1536:Our Lord
1217:cite web
1207:5 August
989:and the
955:See also
936:Bilibili
861:Luo Ji (
835:曼努尔·雷迪亚兹
819:弗雷德里克·泰勒
805:Quantum.
582:PLA Navy
571:Wu Yue (
331:Jyutping
134:Language
1829:Destiny
1580:Related
1053:Bibcode
1018:Tor.com
841:Former
736:Garanin
712:estate.
531:Chinese
384:Chinese
352:Hokkien
250:Chinese
138:Chinese
54:Please
47:may be
1985:(2023)
1950:(2023)
1942:(2019)
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1756:(2024)
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1721:(2010)
1713:(2004)
1705:(2003)
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1607:(2022)
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1448:(2015)
1422:(2010)
1414:(2008)
1406:(2006)
1395:Novels
1261:神游八方.
1063:
880:Videos
851:比尔·希恩斯
702:Kent (
675:Da Shi
556:麦克·伊文斯
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104:Author
1437:Films
1024:8 May
188:Pages
183:China
156:Genre
1325:2023
1299:2018
1274:2016
1248:2016
1223:link
1209:2024
1183:2016
1098:2022
1072:2022
1061:ISSN
1026:2014
985:The
946:and
783:东方延绪
727:山杉恵子
533:and
426:Plot
388:黑暗森林
197:ISBN
175:2008
119:黑暗森林
1384:'s
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693:史晓明
655:张援朝
643:苗福全
631:杨晋文
611:PLA
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590:章北海
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