Golden Rule - Knowledge

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fact, it is precisely this rule's simplicity which makes it great. It is easy to come up with, easy to understand, and easy to apply, and these three things are the hallmarks of a strong and healthy moral system. The idea behind it is readily graspable: before performing an action which might harm another person, try to imagine yourself in their position, and consider whether you would want to be the recipient of that action. If you would not want to be in such a position, the other person probably would not either, and so you should not do it. It is the basic and fundamental human trait of empathy, the ability to vicariously experience how another is feeling, that makes this possible, and it is the principle of empathy by which we should live our lives.

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would incite their own city to attack that of another? For one would do for others as one would do for oneself. If people regarded other people's families in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own family to attack that of another? For one would do for others as one would do for oneself. And so if states and cities do not attack one another and families do not wreak havoc upon and steal from one another, would this be a harm to the world or a benefit? Of course one must say it is a benefit to the world.

1950:(1993) proclaimed the Golden Rule ("We must treat others as we wish others to treat us") as the common principle for many religions. The Initial Declaration was signed by 143 leaders from all of the world's major faiths, including Baháʼí Faith, Brahmanism, Brahma Kumaris, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Indigenous, Interfaith, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Native American, Neo-Pagan, Sikhism, Taoism, Theosophist, Unitarian Universalist and Zoroastrian. In the folklore of several cultures the Golden Rule is depicted by the 5149: 1992:

and wherever we come from. And although it isn't possible to know what it really feels like to be a different person or live in different circumstances and have different life experiences, it isn't difficult for most of us to imagine what would cause us suffering and to try to avoid causing suffering to others. For this reason many people find the Golden Rule's corollary – "do not treat people in a way you would not wish to be treated yourself" – more pragmatic.

679: 1797:, "I command thee thus, O children of the Earth, that that which ye deem harmful unto thyself, the very same shall ye be forbidden from doing unto another, for violence and hatred give rise to the same. My command is thus, that ye shall return all violence and hatred with peacefulness and love, for my Law is love unto all things. Only through love shall ye have peace; yea and verily, only peace and love will cure the world, and subdue all evil." 2275:

rule to our own method of using it, asking in effect if we would want other people to apply the golden rule in such ways, the answer would typically be no, since others' ignoring of such factors will lead to behavior which we object to. It follows that we should not do so ourselves—according to the golden rule. In this way, the golden rule may be self-correcting. An article by Jouni Reinikainen develops this suggestion in greater detail.

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choice situation as you understand it. We might also be biased to perceiving harms and benefits to ourselves more than to others, which could lead to escalating conflict if we are suspicious of others. Hence Linus Pauling suggested that we introduce a bias towards others into the golden rule: "Do unto others 20 percent better than you would have them do unto you" - to correct for subjective bias.

6489: 718:: "You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD." Or, in Leviticus 19:34: "The alien who resides with you shall be to you as the native-born among you; you shall love the alien as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God." These two examples are given in the 2031:

creative, at the same time, of an image of man such as he believes he ought to be. To choose between this or that is at the same time to affirm the value of that which is chosen; for we are unable ever to choose the worse. What we choose is always the better; and nothing can be better for us unless it is better for all.

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This was perhaps a well-known objection, as Leibniz actually responded to it long before Kant made it, suggesting that the judge should put himself in the place, not merely of the criminal, but of all affected persons and then judging each option (to inflict punishment, or release the criminal, etc.)

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commented what constitutes revenge and grudge, using the example of two men. One man would not lend the other his ax, then the next day, the same man asks the other for his ax. If the second man should say, "“I will not lend it to you, just as you did not lend to me," it constitutes revenge; if "Here

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is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that you should reciprocate to others how you would like them to treat you (not necessarily how they actually treat you). Various expressions of this rule can be found

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Trying to live according to the Golden Rule means trying to empathise with other people, including those who may be very different from us. Empathy is at the root of kindness, compassion, understanding and respect – qualities that we all appreciate being shown, whoever we are, whatever we think

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If people regarded other people's states in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own state to attack that of another? For one would do for others as one would do for oneself. If people regarded other people's cities in the same way that they regard their own, who then

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Why was only a single specimen of man created first? To teach us that he who destroys a single soul destroys a whole world and that he who saves a single soul saves a whole world; furthermore, so no race or class may claim a nobler ancestry, saying, 'Our father was born first'; and, finally, to give

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famously criticized the golden rule for not being sensitive to differences of situation, noting that a prisoner duly convicted of a crime could appeal to the golden rule while asking the judge to release him, pointing out that the judge would not want anyone else to send him to prison, so he should

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Nothing which breathes, which exists, which lives, or which has essence or potential of life, should be destroyed or ruled over, or subjugated, or harmed, or denied of its essence or potential. In support of this Truth, I ask you a question – "Is sorrow or pain desirable to you?" If you say "yes it

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O my child, make yourself the measure (for dealings) between you and others. Thus, you should desire for others what you desire for yourself and hate for others what you hate for yourself. Do not oppress as you do not like to be oppressed. Do good to others as you would like good to be done to you.

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Jesus' teaching goes beyond the negative formulation of not doing what one would not like done to themselves, to the positive formulation of actively doing good to another that, if the situations were reversed, one would desire that the other would do for them. This formulation, as indicated in the

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Furthermore, in verse 312, Valluvar says that it is the determination or code of the spotless (virtuous) not to do evil, even in return, to those who have cherished enmity and done them evil. According to him, the proper punishment to those who have done evil is to put them to shame by showing them

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In his book on the golden rule, Jeffrey Wattles makes the similar observation that such objections typically arise while applying the golden rule in certain general ways (namely, ignoring differences in taste or situation, failing to compensate for subjective bias, etc.) But if we apply the golden

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observed that there are two importantly different ways of looking at the golden rule: as requiring (1) that you perform specific actions that you want others to do to you or (2) that you guide your behavior in the same general ways that you want others to. Counter-examples to the golden

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When we say that man chooses for himself, we do mean that every one of us must choose himself; but by that we also mean that in choosing for himself he chooses for all men. For in effect, of all the actions a man may take in order to create himself as he wills to be, there is not one which is not

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the single greatest, simplest, and most important moral axiom humanity has ever invented, one which reappears in the writings of almost every culture and religion throughout history, the one we know as the Golden Rule. Moral directives do not need to be complex or obscure to be worthwhile, and in

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have objected to the rule on a variety of grounds. One is the epistemic question of determining how others want to be treated. The obvious way is to ask them, but they might give duplicitous answers if they find this strategically useful, and they might also fail to understand the details of the

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as follows : "And thy hand shall not avenge thee; and thou shalt not be angry with the children of thy people; and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; I am the Lord." and "The stranger that comes to you shall be among you as the native, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were

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Owe no one anything, except to love one another, for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law. The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery; you shall not murder; you shall not steal; you shall not covet,” and any other commandment, are summed up in this word, “You shall love your

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wrote, "Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same." This suggests that if your values are not shared with others, the way you want to be treated will not be the way they want to be treated. Hence, the Golden Rule of "do unto others" is

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A Bedouin came to the prophet, grabbed the stirrup of his camel and said: O the messenger of God! Teach me something to go to heaven with it. Prophet said: "As you would have people do to you, do to them; and what you dislike to be done to you, don't do to them. Now let the stirrup go!

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argued that the notion that the Golden Rule pertains to "rights" per se is a contemporary interpretation and has nothing to do with its origin. The development of human "rights" is a modern political ideal that began as a philosophical concept promulgated through the philosophy of

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testimony to the greatness of the Lord, who caused the wonderful diversity of mankind to emanate from one type. And why was Adam created last of all beings? To teach him humility; for if he be overbearing, let him remember that the little fly preceded him in the order of creation.

2070:(originally published in 1861), wrote, "In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. 'To do as you would be done by,' and 'to love your neighbour as yourself,' constitute the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality." 1492:

is", it would be a lie. If you say, "No, It is not" you will be expressing the truth. Just as sorrow or pain is not desirable to you, so it is to all which breathe, exist, live or have any essence of life. To you and all, it is undesirable, and painful, and repugnant.

379:– 1000 CE) were an early source for the Golden Rule: "That nature alone is good which refrains from doing to another whatsoever is not good for itself." Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5, and "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 582:

Thou shalt not hate thy brother, in thy heart; thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbour, and not bear sin because of him. 18 Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the

432:, the Golden Rule "can be found in some form in almost every ethical tradition". A multi-faith poster showing the Golden Rule in sacred writings from 13 faith traditions (designed by Paul McKenna of Scarboro Missions, 2000) has been on permanent display at the 1139:

Winter is ahead of us. Refugees from the Armenian Jacobite Community will probably need warmth. Help them how you would help your brothers. Pray for these people who have been expelled from their homes and left homeless and devoid of livestock and all their

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with others. Philosophically, it involves a person perceiving their neighbor also as "I" or "self". Sociologically, "love your neighbor as yourself" is applicable between individuals, between groups, and also between individuals and groups. In evolution,

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The sage has no interest of his own, but takes the interests of the people as his own. He is kind to the kind; he is also kind to the unkind: for Virtue is kind. He is faithful to the faithful; he is also faithful to the unfaithful: for Virtue is

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He said to him, “What is written in the law? What do you read there?” He answered, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind and your neighbor as yourself.”

2149:" is seen as a distinctive advance in the capacity of human groups to survive and reproduce, as their exceptional brains demanded exceptionally long childhoods and ongoing provision and protection even beyond that of the immediate family. In 1655:. The phraseology differs from the Christian version of the Golden Rule. It does not presume to do anything unto others, but merely to avoid doing what would be harmful. It does not preclude doing good deeds and taking moral positions. 3036:: "His activity of forty years is perhaps historical; and since it began, according to a trustworthy tradition (Shab. 15a), one hundred years before the destruction of Jerusalem, it must have covered the period 30 BCE–10 CE" 2282:

or nationality when deciding how to act towards us, but would also want them to not ignore our differing preferences in food, desire for aggressiveness, and so on. This principle of "doing unto others, wherever possible, as

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and described by him as the second great commandment. The common English phrasing is "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you". Various applications of the Golden Rule are stated positively numerous times in the

955:, commenting on the Golden Rule in Luke 6:31, calls the concept "all embracing" for how one acts in life. Clement further pointed to the phrasing in the book of Tobit as part of the ethics between husbands and wives. 5110: 1088:

Regard bad for yourself whatever you regard bad for others. Accept that (treatment) from others which you would like others to accept from you ... Do not say to others what you do not like to be said to you.

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O you perfect and faithful ones! Everything that is hateful and detestable to you – do not do it to your neighbours. Everything that seems good to you – do it if you are capable of doing it, and support each

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for his teachings. Once, he was challenged by a gentile who asked to be converted under the condition that the Torah be explained to him while he stood on one foot. Hillel accepted him as a candidate for

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It is possible, then, that the golden rule can itself guide us in identifying which differences of situation are morally relevant. We would often want other people to ignore any prejudice against our

323:"Ideally, no one should touch my property or tamper with it, unless I have given him some sort of permission, and, if I am sensible I shall treat the property of others with the same respect." – 1105:

looked at the Golden Rule of loving your neighbor and treating them as you wish to be treated as having universal application to believers and unbelievers alike. Relying upon a Hadith, exegist

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refers to the balance in an interactive system such that each party has both rights and duties, and the subordinate norm of complementarity states that one's rights are the other's obligation.

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connected the Golden Rule with the law written on the hearts of Gentiles mentioned by Paul in his letter to the Romans, and had universal application to Christian and non-Christian alike.

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suggested that the principle of love must have its foundation in Genesis chapter 1, which teaches that all men are the offspring of Adam, who was made in the image of God. According to

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Educational, participatory, and interactive resources including videos, exercises, multi-disciplinary commentaries, The Golden Rule Poster, and interfaith dialogues on the Golden Rule.

4391:(An Initial Declaration) ReligiousTolerance.org. – Under the subtitle, "We Declare," see third paragraph. The first line reads, "We must treat others as we wish others to treat us." 4127: 2762: 1403:–543 BCE) made the negative formulation of the golden rule one of the cornerstones of his ethics in the 6th century BCE. It occurs in many places and in many forms throughout the 811:

parable of the Good Samaritan, emphasizes the needs for positive action that brings benefit to another, not simply restraining oneself from negative activities that hurt another.

2361:, concept of reciprocity as in-kind positive or negative responses for the actions of others; relation to justice; related ideas such as gratitude, mutuality, and the Golden Rule 3005: 4988:. New York: The MacMillan Company; (reprinted 1975 by permission of Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.); (also reprinted by Peter Smith Publisher Inc, January 1990). p. 136. 1006:

recount what the prophet is believed to have said and done, and traditionally Muslims regard the hadith as second to only the Qur'an as a guide to correct belief and action.

5102: 351:"It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and well and justly, and it is impossible to live wisely and well and justly without living pleasantly." – 2140:

The Golden Rule can also be explained from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, sociology, human evolution, and economics. Psychologically, it involves a person

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If one acts with a vigorous effort at the law of reciprocity, when he seeks for the realization of perfect virtue, nothing can be closer than his approximation to it.

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One should never do that to another which one regards as injurious to one's own self. This, in brief, is the rule of dharma. Other behavior is due to selfish desires.

635:, an early Midrashic text regarding the famous dictum of Rabbi Akiva: "Love your fellow as yourself – Rabbi Akiva says this is a great principle of the Torah." 4401: 3722: 3679: 2615: 4865: 6441: 998:: "Pre-Islamic Arabs regarded the survival of the tribe, as most essential and to be ensured by the ancient rite of blood vengeance." Homerin goes on to say: 204:

One should never do something to others that one would regard as an injury to one's own self. In brief, this is dharma. Anything else is succumbing to desire.

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My sons! Everything that is hateful to you, do not do it to thy comrade, for in the world to which you are going, there is a judgment and a great summing up.

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since 4 January 2002. Creating the poster "took five years of research that included consultations with experts in each of the 13 faith groups." (See also

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The most righteous person is the one who consents for other people what he consents for himself, and who dislikes for them what he dislikes for himself.

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Comparing oneself to others in such terms as "Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I," he should neither kill nor cause others to kill.

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One who, while himself seeking happiness, oppresses with violence other beings who also desire happiness, will not attain happiness hereafter.

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Pfaff, Donald W., "The Neuroscience of Fair Play: Why We (Usually) Follow the Golden Rule", Dana Press, The Dana Foundation, New York, 2007.

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Precious like jewels are the minds of all. To hurt them is not at all good. If thou desirest thy Beloved, then hurt thou not anyone's heart.

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Moore: Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era; Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1927–1930; Vol. 2, p. 87, Vol. 3, p. 180.

4123: 3583:, The Apostolic Fathers: Volume I. I Clement. II Clement. Ignatius. Polycarp. Didache. Barnabas, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003 2759: 5473: 5354: 4286: 4244: 649: 1480:. As part of the prohibition of causing any living beings to suffer, Jainism forbids inflicting upon others what is harmful to oneself. 6263: 4779: 803:

The passage in the book of Luke then continues with Jesus answering the question, "Who is my neighbor?", by telling the parable of the

595:, which itself appears in various forms, positive and negative. It is the earliest written version of that concept in a positive form. 562: 6169: 5802: 2108: 6461: 3001: 355:(341–270 BC) where "justly" refers to "an agreement made in reciprocal association ... against the infliction or suffering of harm." 177:) papyrus contains an early negative affirmation of the Golden Rule: "That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another." 4232:

Plaks, A. H. (2015). Shining Ideal and Uncertain Reality: Commentaries on the “Golden Rule” in Confucianism and Other Traditions.

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in 1776. Damrosch argued that to confuse the Golden Rule with human rights is to apply contemporary thinking to ancient concepts.

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Jouni Reinikainen, "The Golden Rule and the Requirement of Universalizability." Journal of Value Inquiry. 39(2): 155–168, 2005.

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shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I the L

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At the turn of the era, the Jewish rabbis were discussing the scope of the meaning of Leviticus 19:18 and 19:34 extensively:

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not do so to others. On the other hand, in a critique of the consistency of Kant's writings, several authors have noted the

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it is for you; I am not like you, who did not lend me," it constitutes a grudge. Rashi concludes his commentary by quoting

196:, the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which sage Brihaspati tells the king Yudhishthira the following about 5505: 5197: 4408: 2340: 1703: 4007: 2188:. Followers of the religion believe that the Golden Rule doesn't make sense and is a "completely unworkable principle." 2091:, in which each individual has a right to just treatment, and a reciprocal responsibility to ensure justice for others. 6219: 5018: 3807: 3045: 2610: 2129:

Some published research argues that some 'sense' of fair play and the Golden Rule may be stated and rooted in terms of

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O SON OF MAN! Deny not My servant should he ask anything from thee, for his face is My face; be then abashed before Me.

433: 6456: 5084:, Vol. 2 (1966 ), p. 386. Dubbed "the platinum rule" in business books such as Charles J. Jacobus, Thomas E. Gillett, 980:

commented that the negative form of the Golden Rule was for avoiding evil while the positive form was for doing good.

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What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn.

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theologians and preachers; the earliest known usage is that of Anglicans Charles Gibbon and Thomas Jackson in 1604.

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One who is going to take a pointed stick to pinch a baby bird should first try it on himself to feel how it hurts.

412:, an essay regarding the treatment of slaves: "Treat your inferior as you would wish your superior to treat you." 5466: 5034:

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. (1989) . "Reflections on the Common Concept of Justice". In Leroy E. Loemker. (ed.).

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Ascribe not to any soul that which thou wouldst not have ascribed to thee, and say not that which thou doest not.

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And if thine eyes be turned towards justice, choose thou for thy neighbour that which thou choosest for thyself.

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You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your kinsfolk. Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the L

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The Arabian peninsula was known to not practice the golden rule prior to the advent of Islam. According to

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An expert in the law stood up to test him . “Teacher,” he said, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”

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The Master replied: "How about 'shu' : never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself?"

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In happiness and suffering, in joy and grief, we should regard all creatures as we regard our own self.

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encourage everyone to treat others as they would treat themselves and even prefer others over oneself:

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Possibly the earliest affirmation of the maxim of reciprocity, reflecting the ancient Egyptian goddess

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contain a prohibitive form of the Golden Rule that is virtually identical to the one used by Hillel.

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Mozi regarded the golden rule as a corollary to the cardinal virtue of impartiality, and encouraged

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tasmād dharma-pradhānéna bhavitavyam yatātmanā | tathā cha sarva-bhūtéṣhu vartitavyam yathātmani ||

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For the whole law is summed up in a single commandment, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”

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Study of other primates provides evidence that the Golden Rule exists in other non-human species.

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Pahlavi Texts of Zoroastrianism, Part 2 of 5: The Dadistan-i Dinik and the Epistles of Manuskihar

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can be said in a few words, then it is—that which is unfavorable to us, do not do that to others.

888: 150: 2961:"The Golden Rule Poster - A History: Multi-faith Sacred Writings and Symbols from 13 Traditions" 124:"Golden Rule", or "Golden law", began to be used widely in the early 17th century in Britain by 6174: 5876: 2323: 2241: 1259: 1178:

O you believers and perfect ones! All that is hateful to you – do not do it to your neighbours.

4440: 4434: 4270: 4241: 3708: 6179: 6002: 5967: 5931: 5871: 5359: 3702: 3665: 3659: 2181: 2157:, suggests that "without some kind of reciprocity society would no longer be able to exist." 2100: 2065: 1223: 1171: 1014:, the collected oral and written accounts of Muhammad and his teachings during his lifetime: 967: 952: 841: 522: 276:

kindness, in return and to forget both the evil and the good done on both sides (verse 314).

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The Golden Rule is paramount in the Jainist philosophy and can be seen in the doctrines of

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Seek for mankind that of which you are desirous for yourself, that you may be a believer.

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Similar examples of the golden rule are found in the hadith of the prophet Muhammad. The

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While many Church Fathers framed the Golden Rule as part of Jewish and Christian Ethics,

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Mill, John Stuart (1979) . "Chapter 2 - What Utilitarianism Is". In Sher, George (ed.).

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Regard your neighbor's gain as your own gain, and your neighbor's loss as your own loss.

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Putting oneself in the place of another, one should not kill nor cause another to kill.

409: 387: 230: 160:): "Now this is the command: Do to the doer to make him do." This proverb embodies the 5141: 4307: 2180:

One religion that officially rejects the Golden Rule is the Neo-Nazi religion of the "

6493: 5886: 5866: 5792: 5782: 5777: 5482: 5407: 5402: 5281: 5014: 4989: 4967: 4944: 4808: 4697: 4677: 4671: 4650: 4632: 4602: 4577: 4444: 4276: 3924: 3914: 3887: 3881: 3803: 3712: 3669: 3236: 3105: 2936: 2896: 2857: 2833: 2665: 2640: 2571: 2522: 2476: 2405: 2367:, in-kind positive or negative responses of individuals towards the actions of others 2084: 1755: 1473: 1467: 1132: 1064: 977: 938: 771: 706: 673: 639: 575: 534: 226: 4472: 3303:"Bible Gateway passage: Leviticus 19 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 899:

And what you hate, do not do to anyone. May no evil go with you on any of your way.

200:, a philosophical understanding of values and actions that lend good order to life: 6425: 5987: 5982: 5936: 5906: 5891: 5849: 5814: 5344: 5317: 3566:

THE PROBLEM OF THE NEGATIVE VERSION OF THE GOLDEN RULE IN EARLY CHRISTIAN ETHICS -

3453:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 5 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 3266: 2295: 2104: 2061: 2036: 1973: 1606:

Zi Gong asked: "Is there any one word that could guide a person throughout life?"

1477: 1305: 1181: 995: 872: 819: 669: 546: 506: 288: 69:"Golden Rule Sign" that hung above the door of the employees' entrance to the Acme 4169: 4124:"The Buddha (BC 623–BC 543) – Religion and spirituality Article – Buddha, BC, 623" 3942: 914:

Judge your neighbor’s feelings by your own, and in every matter be thoughtful.

807:, which John Wesley interprets as meaning that "your neighbor" is anyone in need. 789:

And he said to him, “You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.”

6279: 6012: 5962: 5921: 5172: 4546: 4388: 4381: 4314: 4248: 4155: 3800:

Nahj Al-balāghah: Selection from Sermons, Letters and Sayings of Amir Al-Muʼminin

3538:"Bible Gateway passage: Sirach 31 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 3483:"Bible Gateway passage: Romans 13 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 3363:"Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 7 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 3252:" 1935, VIII What is not written in the Talmud? Jew and Gentile, 4 Xenophobia?, 3 3157: 3033: 2928: 2890: 2851: 2822: 2815: 2803: 2792: 2781: 2766: 2741: 2619: 2597: 2588: 2566: 2545: 2502: 2445: 1969: 1849: 1802: 1497:

A man should wander about treating all creatures as he himself would be treated.

1388: 1093: 1033:

None of you believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.

884: 429: 365: 111:

What you wish upon others, you wish upon yourself (empathetic or responsive form)

1915:

Whoever says the other shall not perch, may they show the other where to perch.

541:

Hillel recognized brotherly love as the fundamental principle of Jewish ethics.

6164: 6138: 6027: 6007: 5997: 5829: 5312: 4895: 3785:"Sukhanan-i-Muhammad" , Wattles (192); Rost (100); Donaldson Dwight M. (1963). 3513:"Bible Gateway passage: Tobit 4 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 3388:"Bible Gateway passage: Luke 10 - New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition" 2318: 2056: 2024: 1794: 1743: 1484: 989: 934: 804: 775: 369: 285: 97:

Treat others as you would like others to treat you (positive or directive form)

3928: 3206: 2989: 2745:, Book XI (Complete Works of Plato, 1997 edited Cooper ISBN 978-0-87220-349-5) 2259:

by whether there was a “greater good in which this lesser evil was included.”

2107:, who then incorporated Rousseau's reference to "inalienable rights" into the 316:"What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either." – 6503: 5787: 5745: 5495: 5419: 5374: 4003: 3186: 3061: 2231: 2169: 2154: 1502: 1024: 876: 869: 815: 727: 715: 657: 632: 464: 284:

The Golden Rule in its prohibitive (negative) form was a common principle in

642:

explained in his work "What is the Talmud?" that Leviticus 19:34 disallowed

6123: 5992: 5339: 3332: 2450: 2130: 2095: 2088: 1688: 1567: 1416: 1370: 743: 344:"Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you." – 217:

The Mahābhārata is usually dated to the period between 400 BCE and 400 CE.

74: 35: 5090:

The Mindful International Manager: How to Work Effectively Across Cultures

4201: 2697: 2404:. London: Pan Books in association with The MacMillan Press. p. 134. 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6037: 5911: 5075: 3744: 2185: 2134: 1822:

Try not to do things to others that you would not like them to do to you.

1816: 1331: 1209: 1194: 1167: 1128: 678: 542: 500: 192: 125: 121: 5165: 5148: 4498: 4353: 4327: 2559: 1985:

But not a single one of these versions of the golden rule requires a God

947:

in everything, do not do to another what you would not want done to you.

6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 5926: 5844: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5307: 1444: 1430: 1327: 1106: 1102: 956: 719: 686: 643: 621: 603: 408:– 200 CE) expressed a hierarchical variation of the Golden Rule in his 70: 43: 31: 5219: 4203:

Confucianism, The Analects, Section 15: Wei Ling Gong, (see number 24)

3132:"Tosefta on Mishnah Seder Nezikin Sanhedrin 8.4–9 (Erfurt Manuscript)" 627:

On the verse, "Love your fellow as yourself", the classic commentator

503:

on love of neighbor: "This is a fundamental principle of the Torah."

6310: 6305: 6118: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6072: 6067: 6062: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5178: 5159: 5103:"Mary Wakefield: What 'The Water Babies' can teach us about personal" 5088:, Cengage Learning, 2007, p. 409 and Jeremy Comfort, Peter Franklin, 4940: 3798:

Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn Sharīf al-Raḍī and ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (eds.),

2201: 1987:". Various sources identify the Golden Rule as a humanist principle: 1616: 1404: 1160: 1150: 345: 162: 5451: 4601:. Indianapolis - Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. p. 16. 2548:"The peasant quotes a proverb that embodies the do ut des principle" 2271:

rule typically are more forceful against the first than the second.

6271: 6209: 6159: 6154: 5972: 5957: 3943:"Baháʼí Reference Library – The Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 11" 1976: 1963: 1640: 1621: 1384: 1316: 470: 398: 352: 241: 142: 5192: 2287:

would be done by..." has sometimes been termed the platinum rule.

1187:

ia mhaimnia u-šalmania kul ḏ-īlauaikun snia b-habraikun la-tibdun)

652:

quoted from the previous Leviticus verse when it commemorated the

6133: 6113: 6088: 6047: 5136: 5013:. Boston, London, Sydney, Toronto: Allyn and Bacon. p. 139. 2313: 2220:

even if no two men in the world had any needs or tastes in common

2141: 1871: 1659: 1530: 1463: 942: 460: 4520: 3802:, Volume 2. Translated by Syed Ali Raza. Ansariyan Publications 3193:; Union of American Hebrew Congregations, New York 1981; p. 892. 2587:

Cush, D., Robinson, C., York, M. (eds.) (2008) "Mahābhārata" in

2343:, way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labour 822:

refers to the golden rule, restating Jesus' second commandment:

6057: 6032: 4436:

Good Without God: What a Billion Nonreligious People Do Believe

2849: 2003:

Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you.

1716: 1675: 1393: 1362: 1342: 1185: 1068: 1011: 1003: 971: 880: 296: 197: 56:"Do Unto Others" redirects here. For the 1915 silent film, see 4402:"Parliament of the World's Religions – Towards a Global Ethic" 3781: 3779: 3777: 2103:

in 18th century France, among others. His writings influenced

1793:

Hear ye these words and heed them well, the words of Dea, thy

970:

stated that it had universal application for all of humanity.

6128: 6108: 5977: 5490: 5277: 3704:

The Golden Rule: The Ethics of Reciprocity in World Religions

3661:

The Golden Rule: The Ethics of Reciprocity in World Religions

3057: 2529:"Now this is the command: Do to the doer to cause that he do" 1787: 1534: 1439:

Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful.

1072: 731: 690: 628: 517: 516:– 10 CE), used this verse as a most important message of the 495: 324: 86:

in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages.

4866:"The Creativity Movement | Southern Poverty Law Center" 4747:

Swift, Richard (July 2015). "Pathways & possibilities".

4171:Ācāranga Sūtra, Jain Sutras Part I, Sacred Books of the East 2892:

The Stoic Philosophy of Seneca: Essays and Letters of Seneca

2570:, Richard Jasnow, p. 95, University of Chicago Press, 1992, 2459:

The Golden Rule – The Ethics of Reprocity in World Religions

2337:, social norm of in-kind responses to the behavior of others 624:), proselytes (= 'strangers who reside with you') and Jews. 295:"Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing." – 5033: 4807:, footnote 12. Cambridge University Press (28 April 1998). 4242:

https://brill.com/view/journals/joch/1/2/article-p231_2.xml

3774: 2560:

A Late Period Hieratic Wisdom Text: P. Brooklyn 47.218.135"

2331:- a literary example of character not using the Golden Rule 1728: 1080: 1076: 591:

This Torah verse represents one of several versions of the

554: 473:

was stated positively in a well-known Torah verse (Hebrew:

5181:- learning tools, etc. (based in Salt Lake City, Utah, US) 3971:. Replay.waybackmachine.org. 11 April 2009. Archived from 2013:

Adam Lee, Ebon Musings, "A decalogue for the modern world"

620:

Commentators interpret that this applies to foreigners (=

5184:

Monmouth Center for World Religions and Ethical Thought.

2837: 2200:"dangerous in the wrong hands", according to philosopher 1638:

The same idea is also presented in V.12 and VI.30 of the

723:

strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God."

424:

The golden rule, as described in numerous world religions

2687:, "The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", I:36 2508: 2505:"Now this is the command: do to the doer to make him do" 2437:

The Royal Law, or the Golden Rule of Justice and Charity

1824:

Try to treat others as you would want them to treat you.

1766:

Do not do unto others whatever is injurious to yourself.

1628:—tr. David Hinton (another translation is in the online 1584:

What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.

1267:

Blessed is he who preferreth his brother before himself.

27:

Principle of treating others as one wants to be treated

4354:"The Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions" 262:

Why does one hurt others knowing what it is to be hurt?

5086:

Georgia Real Estate: An Introduction to the Profession

5048:

M. G. Singer, The Ideal of a Rational Morality, p. 270

2441:

The Golden Rule, or, the Royal Law of Equity explained

1658:

In relation to the Golden Rule, Confucian philosopher

895:

Churches, express a negative form of the golden rule:

6477: 5212:

St Columbans Mission Society – Interfaith Relations.

5009:

Alston, William P.; Brandt, Richard B., eds. (1978).

4728:

Vogel, Gretchen. "The Evolution of the Golden Rule".

3694: 2888: 2191: 4963:

How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time

4936:

How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time

4463: 4461: 2698:"The Sentences of Sextus -- The Nag Hammadi Library" 961:

love, respect, consolation, protection, and benefits

248:

Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself.

3134:. toseftaonline.org. 21 August 2012. Archived from 1346:

your main focus, treat others as you treat yourself

1055:

That which you want for yourself, seek for mankind.

3823:(al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Kutūb alMiṣrīyah, 1964), 5:184 2612:The Mahābhārata, Book 1: The Book of the Beginning 1131:), repeated the Golden rule in the context of the 525:but, drawing on Leviticus 19:18, briefed the man: 4647:Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion 4458: 3913:. Fairfield, NSW, Australia: Living Water Books. 2630: 2628: 2431:(1615; Werke Band 3, S. 612); Benjamin Camfield: 1946:The "Declaration Toward a Global Ethic" from the 840:St. Paul also comments on the golden rule in the 108:like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form) 6501: 4196: 3700: 3657: 2963:. Spiritan Missionary News / Scarboro Missions. 2935:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 101. 2664:(1 ed.). Chennai: Pavai. pp. 141–142. 2262: 1838: 1226:Chapter 47, section 13, pp. 117–8 (Gelbert 2017) 933:As prolific commentators on the Bible, multiple 734:espousing the positive form of the Golden rule: 3701:Th. Emil Homerin (2008). Neusner, Jacob (ed.). 3658:Th. Emil Homerin (2008). Neusner, Jacob (ed.). 1355:श्रूयतां धर्मसर्वस्वं श्रुत्वा चाप्यवधार्यताम्। 561:. This is echoed in the modern preamble of the 4849: 4377: 4375: 3910:The Teachings of the Mandaean John the Baptist 3880:Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Lofts, Mark J. (ed.). 3235:Kedoshim 19:18, Toras Kohanim, ibid. See also 2625: 2622:. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, p xxv 1942:Towards a Global Ethic: An Initial Declaration 1113:" as people who will be among the first to be 1111:who judge people the way they judge themselves 883:, accepted as part of the Scriptural canon by 756:Do to others as you would have them do to you. 5467: 5235: 4356:. Parliamentofreligions.org. 16 August 2013. 4330:. Parliamentofreligions.org. 16 August 2013. 3875: 3873: 3836:(Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1998), 8:6 3333:"Brenton Septuagint Translation Leviticus 19" 3263:"Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica" 3164:. Jewish Publication Society. p. 19:17. 2359:Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) 2349:, mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation 5008: 3900: 3633:Commentaria in Epistolam B. Pauli ad Romanos 3418:"John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on Luke 10" 3180: 2226: 574:The Jewish Publication Society's edition of 5355:Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof 4915:. Archibald Constable & Co. p. 227 4576:. Yale University Press. pp. 291–292. 4372: 4149:Detachment and Compassion in Early Buddhism 4073:. Mahabharataonline.com. 13 November 2006. 4004:"The Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh – Part II" 2653: 2399: 2050: 291:. Examples of the general concept include: 5474: 5460: 5242: 5228: 4631:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 5. 3870: 2954: 2952: 2457:In: Jacob Neusner, Bruce Chilton (Hrsg.): 1908:Nke si ibe ya ebene gosi ya ebe o ga-ebe. 1776: 4626: 4259:Ivanhoe and Van Norden translation, 68–69 3945:. Reference.bahai.org. 31 December 2010. 3845: 2927: 2153:, Richard Swift, referring to ideas from 2109:United States Declaration of Independence 1888:Let the eagle perch, let the hawk perch. 1197:Book 1, section 150, p. 32 (Gelbert 2011) 4799: 4797: 4669: 2850:Thomas Firminger Thiselton-Dyer (2008). 2634: 2400:Antony Flew, ed. (1979). "golden rule". 2114: 1545:Guru Arjan Dev Ji 259, Guru Granth Sahib 1212:Book 2, section 65, p. 51 (Gelbert 2011) 677: 419: 238: 1st century BCE to 5th century CE 64: 5249: 4805:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 4712: 4432: 4268: 3906: 3879: 2949: 2662:The Kural or the Maxims of Tiruvalluvar 2470: 2433:The Comprehensive Rule of Righteousness 1357:आत्मनः प्रतिकूलानि परेषां न समाचरेत्।। 14: 6502: 4827:. Onlyagame.typepad.com. 24 May 2007. 4571: 4527:from the original on 21 September 2013 4167: 4010:from the original on 13 September 2013 2395: 2393: 2248:Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 443: 5481: 5455: 5223: 5175:An annual global event every April 5. 4983: 4794: 4765: 4746: 4673:Jean Jacques Russeau: Restless Genius 4644: 4328:"Parliament of the World's Religions" 4158:by Elizabeth J. Harris (enabling.org) 4107: 4028:Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, p. 30 3858:from the original on 17 December 2023 3753:from the original on 25 November 2023 3398:from the original on 20 February 2024 3297: 3295: 3239:, Nedarim 9:4; Bereishis Rabbah 24:7. 3106:"Mishnah Seder Nezikin Sanhedrin 4.5" 2958: 2659: 2455:The Golden Rule as the Law of Nature. 2353:Reciprocity (international relations) 2290: 770:A similar passage, a parallel to the 654:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 563:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 185: 4908: 4782:from the original on 9 November 2020 4596: 4394: 3949:from the original on 15 October 2012 3191:The Torah – A Modern Commentary 3074: 3072: 3070: 3060:, Ḳedoshim, iv.; Yer. Ned. ix. 41c; 2708:from the original on 11 October 2013 1902: 1875: 1749: 1651:), which can be found in the online 1591: 1571: 1550: 945:included the Golden Rule in saying " 705:The "Golden Rule" was proclaimed by 415: 104:treat others in ways that you would 6264:The Gospel According to St. Matthew 5198:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4831:from the original on 4 October 2013 4549:. Ebonmusings.org. 1 January 1970. 4471:. Thinkhumanism.com. Archived from 4439:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 4360:from the original on 7 October 2019 4334:from the original on 7 October 2019 4289:from the original on 7 January 2023 4130:from the original on 5 October 2013 4077:from the original on 3 January 2013 3725:from the original on 26 August 2024 3682:from the original on 26 August 2024 3548:from the original on 26 August 2024 3168:from the original on 7 October 2012 3112:from the original on 21 August 2016 2909:from the original on 26 August 2024 2870:from the original on 26 August 2024 2390: 2341:Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) 2239:between the Golden Rule and Kant's 1948:Parliament of the World's Religions 1746:and selflessness in relationships. 1487:sums up the philosophy of Jainism: 1299: 1049:Sukhanan-i-Muhammad (Teheran, 1938) 1038:An-Nawawi's Forty Hadith 13 (p. 56) 24: 5420:Life of Jesus in the New Testament 4854:. New York: Mainstream Publishers. 4852:Fallout: Today's Seven-Year Plague 4649:. Beacon Press. pp. 131–132. 4547:"A decalogue for the modern world" 4060:Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 10 3493:from the original on 26 March 2024 3343:from the original on 28 April 2015 3292: 3008:from the original on 24 March 2023 2192:Differences in values or interests 1930: 1121:Hussein bin Ali bin Awn al-Hashemi 434:Headquarters of the United Nations 220: 131: 25: 6556: 5364: 5129: 5113:from the original on 1 March 2017 4768:"Is it a chimp-help-chimp world?" 4727: 4553:from the original on 28 July 2012 3846:Avetisyan, Vigen (3 April 2019). 3707:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 3664:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 3463:from the original on 4 March 2024 3313:from the original on 14 June 2024 3067: 2967:from the original on 11 June 2023 2933:Ethics: A Very Short Introduction 2836:, The Internet Classics Archive, 2214:(1937) argued that Shaw's remark 2073: 2018: 1760: 1027:, Volume 2, Book 1, Chapter 66:10 928: 437: 359: 279: 6487: 5439:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 5190: 5147: 5135: 5095: 5081:The Open Society and Its Enemies 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5036:Philosophical Papers and Letters 5027: 5002: 4977: 4954: 4927: 4902: 4884: 4858: 4843: 4817: 4759: 4740: 4721: 4706: 4178:from the original on 7 July 2010 3424:from the original on 27 May 2011 3086:from the original on 6 June 2011 2639:. Gurgaon: Penguin. p. 50. 1997:Maria MacLachlan, Think Humanism 700: 180: 136: 4690: 4663: 4615: 4590: 4565: 4539: 4513: 4497:. 15 March 2008. Archived from 4487: 4426: 4346: 4320: 4301: 4262: 4253: 4226: 4214:from the original on 9 May 2013 4190: 4174:. Vol. 22. Sutra 155–156. 4161: 4142: 4116: 4101: 4089: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4031: 4022: 3996: 3987: 3961: 3935: 3839: 3826: 3813: 3792: 3765: 3737: 3651: 3638: 3625: 3612: 3599: 3586: 3573: 3560: 3530: 3505: 3475: 3445: 3436: 3410: 3380: 3355: 3325: 3277: 3255: 3242: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3196: 3150: 3124: 3098: 3050: 3039: 3020: 2994: 2979: 2921: 2882: 2843: 2809: 2748: 2733: 2728:The Sentences of Sextus Article 2720: 2690: 2678: 2365:Reciprocity (social psychology) 2121:Reciprocity (social psychology) 2078: 1935: 1561: 1519:Lord Mahavira, 24th Tirthankara 1231: 1155:Commandments in the Ginza Rabba 863: 663: 382: 5431:Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount 5152:Learning materials related to 5038:. Boston: Kluwer. p. 568. 4966:, Iain King, 2008, Continuum, 4825:"Only a Game: The Golden Rule" 4051:Bahá'u'lláh, Gleanings, LXVI:8 3969:"The Golden Rule Baháʼí Faith" 3886:. Sydney: Living Water Books. 3832:Ismā’īl ibn ’Umar ibn Kathīr, 3226:Rabbi Gamaliel, yKet 3, 1; 27a 2889:Lucius Annaeus Seneca (1968). 2816:"Principal Doctrines 5 and 33" 2603: 2581: 2551: 2532: 2517:, John Albert Wilson, p. 121, 2515:"The Culture of Ancient Egypt" 2489: 2464: 2461:. London/New York 2008, S. 94. 2429:First Sermon upon Matthew 7,12 2418: 2150: 1810: 774:, is to be found later in the 93:injunction governing conduct: 13: 1: 5387:The Wise and Foolish Builders 4909:Shaw, George Bernard (1903). 4892:"World Church of the Creator" 4234:Journal of Chinese Humanities 3993:Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 71 3568:Johannes Aakjær Steenbuch PhD 2383: 2263:Other responses to criticisms 1839:Traditional African religions 1732: 1645: 1397: 959:stated that the rule taught " 604:stranger who resides with you 510: 402: 391: 373: 335: 328: 307: 300: 234: 171: 154: 5216:The Golden Rule Poster, etc. 4676:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 4574:Existentialism Is a Humanism 3819:Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Qurṭubī, 2609:van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1973) 2600:. Abingdon: Routledge, p 469 2163: 2042:Existentialism is a Humanism 1483:The following line from the 1186: 1144: 1135:, thus, in 1917, he states: 921:New Revised Standard Version 906:New Revised Standard Version 856:New Revised Standard Version 833:New Revised Standard Version 796:New Revised Standard Version 763:New Revised Standard Version 748:New Revised Standard Version 438:the section on Global Ethic. 397:– 65 CE), a practitioner of 115: 51:Golden Rule (disambiguation) 7: 6520:Interpersonal relationships 4627:Bornstein, Marc H. (2002). 3027:Jewish Encyclopedia: Hillel 2519:University of Chicago Press 2307: 2253:See discussion at this link 1957: 1952:allegory of the long spoons 1378: 1334:13.113.8 (Critical edition) 1310: 212:13.114.8 (Critical edition) 145:, appears in the story of " 10: 6561: 6195:Five Discourses of Matthew 5415:Five Discourses of Matthew 5011:The Problems of Philosophy 4766:Smith, Kerri (June 2005). 4717:. Oxford University Press. 4645:Paden, William E. (2003). 4572:Sartre, Jean-Paul (2007). 4275:. Routledge. p. 100. 4272:Ethics and the Golden Rule 4269:Gensler, Harry J. (2013). 3082:. JewishEncyclopedia.com. 3046:Shabbath folio:31a 2959:Mezei, Leslie (May 2002). 2473:Ethics and the Golden Rule 2471:Gensler, Harry J. (2013). 2402:A Dictionary of Philosophy 2118: 2054: 2022: 1961: 1939: 1869: 1865: 1847: 1814: 1785: 1753: 1714: 1673: 1565: 1554: 1528: 1524: 1461: 1457: 1382: 1314: 1303: 1235: 1148: 987: 923:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 908:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 858:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 835:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 798:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 765:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 750:, Updated Edition (NRSVUE) 667: 551:Jewish rabbinic literature 458: 454: 447: 89:The maxim may appear as a 55: 48: 29: 6462:American Standard Version 6434: 6298: 6288:The Visual Bible: Matthew 6240: 6147: 6081: 5945: 5798:Massacre of the Innocents 5768: 5657: 5504: 5489: 5395: 5300: 5270: 5257: 4984:Stace, Walter T. (1937). 4713:Wattles, Jeffrey (1996). 4621:Defined another way, it " 4433:Esptein, Greg M. (2010). 3789:, p. 82. London: S.P.C.K. 3771:Wattles (191), Rost (100) 3002:"Chabad: Leviticus 19:18" 2544:25 September 2015 at the 2501:25 September 2015 at the 2475:. Routledge. p. 84. 2435:(1671); George Boraston: 2227:Differences in situations 1843: 1710: 1704:T'ai Shang Kan Ying P'ien 1669: 474: 6215:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 5862:Jesus preaches in a ship 5380:Wolf in sheep's clothing 4168:Jacobi, Hermann (1884). 4154:21 December 2007 at the 4126:. Booksie. 8 July 2012. 3907:Gelbert, Carlos (2017). 3834:Tafsīr al-Qurān al-‘Aẓīm 3821:Jamiʻ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʼan 3787:Studies in Muslim Ethics 2802:25 February 2021 at the 2791:25 February 2021 at the 2780:25 February 2021 at the 2765:25 February 2021 at the 2756:Nicocles or the Cyprians 2660:Aiyar, V. V. S. (2007). 2635:Sundaram, P. S. (1990). 2590:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 2453:); dazu Olivier du Roy: 2446:Titelseite als Faksimile 2051:Classical Utilitarianism 1906: 1879: 1781: 1771:Shayast-na-Shayast 13.29 1595: 1575: 983: 40:Golden mean (philosophy) 30:Not to be confused with 6220:Rabbinical translations 5370:The Tree and its Fruits 5335:Turning the other cheek 5171:22 October 2022 at the 4850:Pauling, Linus (1960). 4313:25 October 2007 at the 3592:Clement of Alexandria, 3032:17 October 2011 at the 2596:17 January 2023 at the 2347:Reciprocity (evolution) 1777:New religious movements 683:The Sermon on the Mount 650:Israel's postal service 6175:Augustinian hypothesis 6013:Mary, sister of Martha 5154:Living the Golden Rule 5140:Quotations related to 4778:(Online publication). 4670:Damrosch, Leo (2008). 4382:Towards a Global Ethic 4308:Towards a Global Ethic 3217:Rabbi Akiva, bQuid 75b 2771:original text in Greek 2565:5 October 2013 at the 2439:(1683); John Goodman: 2324:General welfare clause 2242:Categorical Imperative 2224: 2048: 2016: 2000: 1913: 1886: 1863: 1836: 1808: 1774: 1740: 1708: 1695: 1604: 1582: 1548: 1522: 1511: 1494: 1455: 1450: 1436: 1422: 1376: 1348: 1337: 1297: 1286: 1275: 1264: 1229: 1215: 1200: 1142: 1099: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1041: 1030: 1008: 926: 911: 861: 849:neighbor as yourself.” 838: 814:In one passage of the 801: 768: 753: 697: 618: 589: 572: 539: 493: 425: 318:Sextus the Pythagorean 273: 259: 215: 149:", which dates to the 78: 6467:World English Version 6185:Matthean Posteriority 6180:Two-gospel hypothesis 5872:Feeding the multitude 5835:Behold the bridegroom 5360:The Mote and the Beam 5160:The Golden Rule Movie 4986:The Concept of Morals 4629:Handbook of Parenting 4387:16 April 2021 at the 4071:"Mahabharata Book 13" 2216: 2212:The Concept of Morals 2168:Philosophers such as 2119:Further information: 2115:Science and economics 2101:Jean Jacques Rousseau 2028: 2001: 1989: 1881:Egbe bere, ugo bere. 1853: 1820: 1791: 1764: 1720: 1696: 1679: 1538: 1512: 1495: 1489: 1451: 1437: 1423: 1409: 1396:(Siddhartha Gautama, 1373:, shrushti 19/357–358 1352: 1338: 1320: 1287: 1276: 1265: 1252: 1224:Mandaean Book of John 1216: 1201: 1176: 1172:Mandaean Book of John 1137: 1085: 1058: 1053: 1042: 1031: 1016: 1000: 968:Theophilus of Antioch 953:Clement of Alexandria 912: 897: 846: 842:Epistle to the Romans 824: 780: 754: 736: 681: 600: 580: 567: 527: 523:conversion to Judaism 479: 469:A rule of reciprocal 423: 260: 246: 225:In Chapter 32 in the 202: 68: 58:Do Unto Others (film) 6232:Joseph Smith–Matthew 5917:Crucifixion of Jesus 5350:The Birds of the Air 5162:A teaching resource. 5092:, Kogan Page, p. 65. 4898:on 12 December 2006. 4749:New Internationalist 4501:on 14 September 2002 4455:Italics in original. 4247:30 July 2024 at the 4208:Chinese Text Project 4198:Chinese Text Project 4041:See: The Golden Rule 3284:Matthew 7:12 3248:Eliezer Berkovits; " 2821:29 June 2011 at the 2618:30 July 2023 at the 2539:Eloquent Peasant PDF 2496:Eloquent Peasant PDF 2268:Marcus George Singer 2208:Walter Terence Stace 1831:The Way to Happiness 1653:Chinese Text Project 1630:Chinese Text Project 1599:子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施於人。」 1597:子貢問曰：「有一言而可以終身行之者乎？」 1557:East Asian religions 726:Two passages in the 693:teaching during the 158: 2040–1650 BCE 147:The Eloquent Peasant 91:positive or negative 49:For other uses, see 6545:Sermon on the Mount 6540:Religious practices 5840:Sermon on the Mount 5425:Mount of Beatitudes 5325:Lamp under a bushel 5262:Sermon on the Plain 5251:Sermon on the Mount 5179:Golden Rule Project 5109:. 22 October 2011. 4943:, 2008, Continuum, 4755:(July/August 2015). 4475:on 19 December 2016 4469:"Thinkhumanism.com" 4112:. pp. 124–135. 4108:Singleton, Esther. 3644:Basil of Caesarea, 3420:. Christnotes.org. 2856:. Forgotten Books. 2828:Principal Doctrines 2377:Ubuntu (philosophy) 2335:Norm of reciprocity 2197:George Bernard Shaw 2182:Creativity Movement 2174:Friedrich Nietzsche 2147:reciprocal altruism 2125:Reciprocal altruism 711:Sermon on the Mount 695:Sermon on the Mount 450:Abrahamic religions 444:Abrahamic religions 6515:Ethical principles 6457:King James Version 6249:St Matthew Passion 6200:Calling of Matthew 6190:Genealogy of Jesus 5803:Return to Nazareth 5434:(4th century book) 5330:Light of the World 5205:Scarboro Mission. 4523:. Think Humanism. 4006:. Info.bahai.org. 3607:Adversus Marcionem 3250:What is the Talmud 2637:Tiruvalluvar Kural 2371:Serial reciprocity 2291:Popular references 1981:Harvard University 1805:, Devotional Wicca 698: 426: 388:Seneca the Younger 186:Sanskrit tradition 175: 664–323 BCE 79: 6535:Positive Mitzvoth 6530:Philosophy of law 6475: 6474: 6205:Kingdom of heaven 5887:Great Commandment 5867:Calming the storm 5825:Galilean ministry 5810:Kingdom of heaven 5793:Flight into Egypt 5783:Star of Bethlehem 5764: 5763: 5483:Gospel of Matthew 5449: 5448: 5403:Ministry of Jesus 5340:Love your enemies 5193:"The Golden Rule" 4995:978-0-8446-2990-2 4972:978-1-84706-347-2 4960:Source: p. 76 of 4949:978-1-84706-347-2 4933:Source: p. 76 of 4813:978-0-521-62695-8 4702:978-1-932594-27-0 4683:978-0-618-44696-4 4656:978-0-8070-7705-4 4638:978-0-8058-3782-7 4583:978-0-300-11546-8 4450:978-0-06-167011-4 4282:978-1-136-57793-2 3718:978-1-4411-9012-3 3675:978-1-4411-9012-3 3579:Didache 1.2, in: 3288:Luke 6:31 3237:Talmud Yerushalmi 3138:on 17 August 2016 2942:978-0-19-280442-6 2902:978-0-393-00459-5 2863:978-1-60620-199-2 2834:Robert Drew Hicks 2685:Diogenes Laërtius 2671:978-81-7735-262-7 2646:978-0-14-400009-8 2576:978-0-918986-85-6 2482:978-0-415-80686-2 2411:978-0-330-48730-6 2085:Marc H. Bornstein 1928: 1927: 1901: 1900: 1756:Iranian religions 1750:Iranian religions 1636: 1635: 1590: 1589: 1551:Chinese religions 1468:Ahimsa in Jainism 1184:transliteration: 1133:Armenian genocide 1075:Islam, and first 1065:Ali ibn Abi Talib 978:Basil of Caesarea 939:Apostolic Fathers 889:Eastern Orthodoxy 772:Great Commandment 732:Jesus of Nazareth 707:Jesus of Nazareth 674:Great Commandment 640:Eliezer Berkovits 535:Babylonian Talmud 416:Religious context 16:(Redirected from 6552: 6510:Codes of conduct 6492: 6491: 6490: 6483: 6452:Wycliffe Version 6426:Magdalen papyrus 6252:(Bach, 1727/29) 6170:Textual variants 5988:John the Baptist 5937:Great Commission 5907:Passion of Jesus 5892:Olivet Discourse 5877:Walking on water 5502: 5501: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5453: 5452: 5318:City upon a Hill 5244: 5237: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5202: 5151: 5139: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5099: 5093: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4981: 4975: 4958: 4952: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4912:Man and Superman 4906: 4900: 4899: 4894:. 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Emil Homerin 937:, including the 924: 909: 893:Non-Chalcedonian 873:Deuterocanonical 859: 836: 831:Galatians 5:14, 820:Paul the Apostle 799: 766: 751: 689:(1877) portrays 670:Christian ethics 616: 609: 586: 559:unity of mankind 553:, the first man 547:Simeon ben Azzai 537: 515: 512: 507:Hillel the Elder 491: 484: 476: 407: 404: 396: 393: 378: 375: 340: 337: 333: 330: 312: 309: 305: 302: 271: 257: 239: 236: 213: 176: 173: 159: 156: 21: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6430: 6294: 6236: 6143: 6077: 5941: 5882:Transfiguration 5770: 5760: 5653: 5493: 5485: 5480: 5450: 5445: 5391: 5296: 5266: 5253: 5248: 5214:The Golden Rule 5207:The Golden Rule 5186:The Golden Rule 5173:Wayback Machine 5166:Golden Rule Day 5132: 5127: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5107:The Independent 5101: 5100: 5096: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5007: 5003: 4996: 4982: 4978: 4959: 4955: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4872:on 29 July 2017 4864: 4863: 4859: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4803:Kant, Immanuel 4802: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4764: 4760: 4745: 4741: 4726: 4722: 4715:The Golden Rule 4711: 4707: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4639: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4389:Wayback Machine 4380: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4315:Wayback Machine 4306: 4302: 4292: 4290: 4283: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4249:Wayback Machine 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4195: 4191: 4181: 4179: 4166: 4162: 4156:Wayback Machine 4147: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4038:Words of Wisdom 4036: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3878: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3844: 3840: 3831: 3827: 3818: 3814: 3797: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3719: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3676: 3656: 3652: 3643: 3639: 3630: 3626: 3617: 3613: 3604: 3600: 3591: 3587: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3301: 3300: 3293: 3282: 3278: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3207:Leviticus 19:34 3201: 3197: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3108:. sefaria.org. 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3068: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3034:Wayback Machine 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2990:Leviticus 19:18 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2903: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2823:Wayback Machine 2814: 2810: 2804:Wayback Machine 2793:Wayback Machine 2782:Wayback Machine 2767:Wayback Machine 2753: 2749: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2633: 2626: 2620:Wayback Machine 2608: 2604: 2598:Wayback Machine 2586: 2582: 2567:Wayback Machine 2556: 2552: 2546:Wayback Machine 2537: 2533: 2513: 2509: 2503:Wayback Machine 2494: 2490: 2483: 2469: 2465: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2329:Kali's morality 2310: 2293: 2265: 2229: 2194: 2166: 2131:neuroscientific 2127: 2117: 2081: 2076: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2012: 1999: 1996: 1970:Greg M. Epstein 1968:In the view of 1966: 1960: 1944: 1938: 1933: 1931:Secular context 1917: 1910: 1890: 1883: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1850:Yoruba religion 1846: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1790: 1784: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1702: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1672: 1648: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1586: 1579: 1570: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1537: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1510: 1501: 1470: 1460: 1449: 1443: 1435: 1429: 1421: 1415: 1400: 1391: 1389:Buddhist ethics 1381: 1375: 1369: 1359: 1356: 1336: 1326: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1285: 1282: 1274: 1271: 1263: 1258: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1214: 1208: 1199: 1193: 1179: 1157: 1147: 1101:Muslim scholar 1098: 1094:Nahjul Balaghah 1092: 1051: 1048: 1040: 1037: 1029: 1023: 992: 986: 931: 925: 918: 910: 903: 885:Catholic Church 866: 860: 854:Romans 13:8-9, 853: 837: 830: 800: 794:Luke 10:25-28, 793: 767: 760: 752: 742: 703: 676: 666: 638:In 1935, Rabbi 617: 615:Leviticus 19:34 614: 607: 584: 557:represents the 538: 533: 513: 492: 490:Leviticus 19:18 489: 482: 475:ואהבת לרעך כמוך 467: 457: 452: 446: 430:Simon Blackburn 418: 405: 394: 385: 376: 362: 338: 331: 310: 303: 282: 272: 266: 258: 252: 237: 223: 221:Tamil tradition 214: 208: 188: 183: 174: 157: 139: 134: 132:Ancient history 118: 61: 54: 47: 28: 23: 22: 18:The Golden Rule 15: 12: 11: 5: 6558: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6497: 6496: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6284: 6276: 6275:(1971 musical) 6268: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6165:Gospel of Mark 6162: 6157: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6139:Sea of Galilee 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6028:Pontius Pilate 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6008:Mary Magdalene 6005: 6000: 5998:Judas Iscariot 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5837: 5832: 5830:Fishers of men 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5751:27:1–12; 52–66 5748: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5508: 5499: 5487: 5486: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5456: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5435: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5313:Salt and light 5310: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5163: 5157: 5156:at Wikiversity 5145: 5131: 5130:External links 5128: 5125: 5124: 5094: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5041: 5026: 5020:978-0205061105 5019: 5001: 4994: 4976: 4953: 4926: 4901: 4883: 4857: 4842: 4816: 4793: 4758: 4739: 4720: 4705: 4689: 4682: 4662: 4655: 4637: 4614: 4607: 4599:Utilitarianism 4589: 4582: 4564: 4538: 4512: 4486: 4457: 4449: 4425: 4393: 4371: 4345: 4319: 4300: 4281: 4261: 4252: 4240:(2), 231-240. 4225: 4189: 4160: 4141: 4115: 4100: 4088: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4030: 4021: 3995: 3986: 3960: 3934: 3919: 3899: 3892: 3869: 3838: 3825: 3812: 3808:978-9644383816 3791: 3773: 3764: 3736: 3717: 3693: 3674: 3650: 3637: 3624: 3611: 3598: 3585: 3581:Bart D. Ehrman 3572: 3559: 3529: 3504: 3474: 3444: 3435: 3409: 3379: 3354: 3324: 3291: 3276: 3254: 3241: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3195: 3179: 3149: 3123: 3097: 3066: 3049: 3038: 3019: 2993: 2978: 2948: 2941: 2920: 2901: 2881: 2862: 2842: 2808: 2786:Isoc. 2.24, 38 2747: 2732: 2719: 2702:www.gnosis.org 2689: 2677: 2670: 2652: 2645: 2624: 2602: 2580: 2550: 2531: 2507: 2488: 2481: 2463: 2425:Thomas Jackson 2417: 2410: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2321: 2319:Eye for an eye 2316: 2309: 2306: 2292: 2289: 2264: 2261: 2228: 2225: 2193: 2190: 2165: 2162: 2116: 2113: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2074:Other contexts 2072: 2067:Utilitarianism 2057:Utilitarianism 2052: 2049: 2033: 2025:Existentialism 2020: 2019:Existentialism 2017: 2010: 1994: 1959: 1956: 1940:Main article: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922:—Igbo proverb 1919: 1918: 1911: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895:—Igbo proverb 1892: 1891: 1884: 1867: 1864: 1860:Yoruba Proverb 1857: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1826: 1812: 1809: 1799: 1795:Mother Goddess 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1761:Zoroastrianism 1759: 1751: 1748: 1744:egalitarianism 1736: 400 BCE 1725: 1712: 1709: 1700: 1684: 1671: 1668: 1649: 500 BCE 1634: 1633: 1626: 1612: 1611: 1602: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1563: 1560: 1552: 1549: 1542: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1499: 1485:Acaranga Sutra 1459: 1456: 1441: 1427: 1413: 1380: 1377: 1367: 1361:If the entire 1353: 1324: 1312: 1309: 1301: 1298: 1291: 1280: 1269: 1256: 1233: 1230: 1220: 1206: 1191: 1146: 1143: 1109:listed those " 1090: 1046: 1035: 1021: 990:Islamic ethics 985: 982: 935:Church Fathers 930: 929:Church Fathers 927: 919:Sirach 31:15, 916: 901: 865: 862: 851: 828: 805:Good Samaritan 791: 776:Gospel of Luke 758: 740: 702: 699: 665: 662: 612: 545:agreed, while 531: 514: 110 BCE 487: 456: 453: 445: 442: 417: 414: 406: 300 BCE 384: 381: 377: 300 BCE 370:Zoroastrianism 361: 360:Ancient Persia 358: 357: 356: 349: 342: 339: 347 BCE 321: 314: 311: 546 BCE 281: 280:Ancient Greece 278: 264: 250: 227:Book of Virtue 222: 219: 206: 187: 184: 182: 179: 151:Middle Kingdom 138: 135: 133: 130: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 98: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6557: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6495: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Latin Vulgate 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5850:Lord's Prayer 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5767: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5496:New Testament 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5465: 5463: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5375:False prophet 5373: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345:Lord's Prayer 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271:Attributed to 5269: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5063: 5057:Wattles, p. 6 5054: 5045: 5037: 5030: 5022: 5016: 5012: 5005: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4957: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4914: 4913: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4853: 4846: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4658: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4610: 4608:0-915144-41-7 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4452: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4429: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4304: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4265: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4111: 4104: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4034: 4025: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3990: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3920:9780958034678 3916: 3912: 3911: 3903: 3895: 3893:9780958034630 3889: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3835: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3768: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3746:Kitab al-Kafi 3740: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3697: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3647: 3646:In Hexaemeron 3641: 3634: 3628: 3621: 3615: 3608: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3569: 3563: 3547: 3543: 3542:Bible Gateway 3539: 3533: 3518: 3517:Bible Gateway 3514: 3508: 3492: 3488: 3487:Bible Gateway 3484: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3457:Bible Gateway 3454: 3448: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3392:Bible Gateway 3389: 3383: 3368: 3367:Bible Gateway 3364: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3312: 3308: 3307:Bible Gateway 3304: 3298: 3296: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3063: 3062:Genesis Rabba 3059: 3053: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2846: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2723: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2656: 2648: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2584: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2535: 2528: 2527:0-226-90152-1 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2232:Immanuel Kant 2223: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2189: 2187: 2184:" founded by 2183: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170:Immanuel Kant 2161: 2158: 2156: 2155:David Graeber 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2122: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2083:According to 2071: 2069: 2068: 2064:in his book, 2063: 2058: 2045:, pp. 291–292 2044: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2009: 2006: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1965: 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