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organisation began using these shock tactics to demonstrate the seriousness and urgency of the cause. Their demonstrations included âwindow smashing, museum-painting slashing, arson, fuse box bombing, and telegraph line cutting,ââsuffrage playwrights, in turn, began using their work to combat the negative press around the movement and attempted to demonstrate in performance how these acts of violence only occur as a last resort. They attempted to transform the negative, yet popular perspective of these militant acts as being the actions of irrational, hysterical, âoverly-emotionalâ women and instead demonstrate how these protests were merely the only logical response to being denied a basic fundamental right.
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536:, giving a limited number of propertied and married women the vote was carried on its first reading in the House of Commons, but then shelved by Prime Minister Asquith. In protest, on 18 November Emmeline Pankhurst led 300 women from a pre-arranged meeting at the Caxton Hall in a march on Parliament where they were met and roughly handled by the police. Under continued pressure from the WSPU, the Liberal government re-introduced the Conciliation Bill the following year. Exasperated by the continued opposition and by the bill's limitations, on 21 November 1911, the WSPU carried out an "official" window smash along Whitehall and Fleet Street. Its target included the offices of the
598:, we have âblown up the Chancellor of the Exchequerâs houseâ. Pankhurst was willing to be arrested for the incident saying âI have advised, I have incited, I have conspiredâ; and that if she was arrested for the incident she would prove that the âpunishment unjustly imposed upon women who have no voice in making the laws cannot be carried outâ. On 3 April Pankhurst was sentenced to three yearsâ penal servitude for procuring and inciting women to commit "malicious injuries to property". The Temporary Discharge for Ill Health Bill was rushed through Parliament to ensure that Pankhurst, who had immediately gone on hunger strike, did not die in prison.
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organisation, but also helped them gain an audience. This use of satire allowed them to express their ideas and frustrations as well as combat gender prejudices in a safer way. Suffrage speakers, who often held open-air meetings in order to reach a wider audience, had to face hostile audiences and learn how to deal with interruptions. The most successful speakers, therefore, had to acquire a quick wit and learn to "always to get the best of a joke, and to join in the laughter with the audience even if the joke was against" them. Suffragette
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438:. The Pethick-Lawrences, who were part of the leadership of the WSPU until 1912, edited the newspaper and supported it financially in the early years. Sylvia Pankhurst wrote a number of articles for the WSPU newspaper and, in 1911, published a piece on the history of the WSPU campaign. This included a detailed account of her experience during the Black Friday event in 1910.
285:
Emmeline
Pankhurst had increasingly felt that the ILP was not there for women. On 9 October 1903, she invited a group of ILP women to meet at her home the next day, telling them: "Women, we must do the work ourselves. We must have an independent women's movement. Come to my house tomorrow and we will
607:, entitled âVotes for Women and Organised Lunacyâ where he argued that the âmain obstacle to women getting the vote is militancyâ. It had alienated those who would have supported them. The only way for women to get the vote is a new movement âabsolutely divorced from stones and bombs and torchesâ.
441:
In 1908 the WSPU adopted purple, white, and green as its official colours. These colours were chosen by
Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence because "Purple...stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of
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Some of the women
Campbell-Bannerman advised to be patient had been working for women's rights for as many as fifty years: his advice to "go on pestering" would prove quite unwise. His thoughtless words infuriated the protesters and "by those foolish words the militant movement became irrevocably
925:
not only used theatre to their advantage, but they also employed the use of comedy. The Women's Social and
Political Union was one of the first organisations to capitalise on comedic satirical writing and use it to outwit their opposition. It not only helped them diffuse hostility towards their
918:
and theatre forums became increasingly utilised by the women's movement. Around this same time, however, the WSPU also became increasingly associated with militancy, moving from marches, demonstrations, and other public performances to more avant-garde and inflammatory âacts of violence.â The
465:
In
February 1907, the WSPU founded the Woman's Press, which oversaw publishing and propaganda for the organisation, and marketed a range of products from 1908 featuring the WSPU's name or colours. The woman's Press in London and WSPU chains throughout the UK operated stores selling WSPU
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and lobbies of
Parliament, leading to the arrest and imprisonment of growing numbers of their members. An attempt to achieve equal franchise gained national attention when an envoy of 300 women, representing over 125,000 suffragettes, argued for women's suffrage with the Prime Minister,
328:
to describe activists in the movement for women's suffrage, in particular members of the WSPU. But the women he intended to ridicule embraced the term, saying "suffraGETtes" (hardening the 'g'), implying not only that they wanted the vote, but that they intended to 'get' it.
575:, and the prime minister Asquith, but they all exploded in post offices, post boxes or in mailbags while in transit across the country. Between February and March 1913, railway signal wires were purposely cut on lines across the country endangering train journeys.
728:. More commonly known as the "Cat and Mouse Act", this allowed the release of suffragettes, close to death due to malnourishment, and their re-arrest once health was restored. The WSPU fought back: their all-women security team known as the Bodyguard, trained in
667:, about 40 militant suffragettes, including members of the Bodyguard team, brawled with several squads of police constables who were attempting to re-arrest Emmeline Pankhurst during a pro-suffrage rally at St. Andrew's Hall. The following day, suffragette
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recalls an elderly man continuously jeering âif you were my wife Iâd give you poison" throughout the course of her speech, to which she replied "yes, and if I were your wife Iâd take it," diffusing threats and making her antagonist appear laughable.
384:. This split them from the WSPU, which had always accepted the property qualifications which already applied to women's participation in local elections. Under Christabel's direction, the group began to more explicitly organise exclusively among
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The WSPU responded by organising a new and broader campaign of direct action. Once this got underway with the wholesale smashing of shop windows, the government ordered arrests of the leadership. Although they had disagreed with strategy,
230:". Group members heckled politicians, held demonstrations and marches, broke the law to force arrests, broke windows in prominent buildings, set fire to or introduced chemicals into postboxes thus injuring several postal workers, and
810:
in 1907. The groupâs name derived from a newspaper comment: "Mrs
Pankhurst will of course be followed blindly by a number of the younger and more hot-blooded members of the Unionâ. Members of the group included
509:
were arrested for breaking government windows. They were sentenced to a month in prison. After breaking every window in their cells, in a protest they went on a hunger strike, following the pioneering strike of
845:, and focused on working-class collective action rather than individual attacks on property. They renamed themselves the East London Federation of Suffragettes (ELFS) and launched a newspaper, the
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and attempts were made by suffragettes to break through the 5000 strong police cordon. Thirty-seven arrests were made, ten people were taken to hospital. On 29 June 1909, WSPU activists
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Purvis, June (1996). "A 'pair of ⌠infernal queens'? A reassessment of the dominant representations of
Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, first-wave feminists in Edwardian Britain".
341:. The Prime Minister agreed with their argument but "was obliged to do nothing at all about it" and so urged the women to "go on pestering" and to exercise "the virtue of patience".
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and the official residences or homes of leading
Liberal politicians. 160 suffragettes were arrested. The Conciliation Bill was debated in March 1912, and was defeated by 14 votes.
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with a meat cleaver. Her action stimulated a wave of attacks on artworks that would continue for five months. In June, militants had placed a bomb beneath the
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On the last day of April, the WSPU offices were raided by the police, and a number of women were arrested and taken to Bow Street. They were Flora
Drummond,
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311:, but the publicity spurred rapid expansion of the group. The WSPU changed tactics following the failure of the bill; they focused on attacking whichever
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883:. While the majority of WSPU members supported the war, a small number formed the Suffragettes of the Women's Social Political Union (SWSPU) and the
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Clipping : "Suffragettes Sentenced to 5-Year Term: penal servitude for woman who threw hatchet at premier Asquith." [August 8, 1912]
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on explosive charges. Together with local activist Midge Muir, she created uproar in court demanding to know why the gun-running Ulster Unionist
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Within the WPSU radical action was championed by the âYoung Hot Bloodsâ or âYHBâ. These were a group of younger unmarried women formed by
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Differences over direct action contributed to splits in the organisation. Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, who with her husband Frederick edited
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740:, protected temporarily released suffragettes from arrest and recommital. The WSPU also coordinated a campaign in which doctors such as
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Holton, Sandra Stanley. "In sorrowful wrath: suffrage militancy and the romantic feminism of Emmeline Pankhurst." in Harold Smith, ed.
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755:, like a military honour was designed by Sylvia Pankhurst and awarded 'for Valour' to women who had been on hunger strike/force-fed.
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The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was founded as an independent women's movement on 10 October 1903 at 62 Nelson Street,
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hope and the emblem of spring". June 1908 saw the first major public use of these colours when the WSPU held a 300,000-strong "
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established, and the stage of revolt began". In 1907, the organisation held the first of several of their "Women's Parliaments".
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women, and stated their opposition to all political parties. This led a small group of prominent members to leave and form the
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Flag of the Women's Social and Political Union. Purple represents loyalty and dignity, white for purity, and green for hope.
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242:. Emmeline Pankhurst said the group's goal was "to make England and every department of English life insecure and unsafe".
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In response to the continuing and repeated imprisonment of many of their members, the WSPU extended and supported prison
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Some WSPU militants, however, were prepared to go beyond outrages against property. On 18 July 1912, in Dublin
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Rouse, Wendy Her Own Hero: The Origins of the Women's Self-Defense Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2017.
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On 13 October 1908, Emmeline Pankhurst together with Christabel Pankhurst and Flora Drummond organised a rush on the
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The term "suffragette" was first used in 1906 as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the London
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The WSPU faded from public attention and was dissolved in 1917, with Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst founding the
787:, was expelled in 1912. Christabel Pankhurst launched a new WPSU journal, fully committed to the militant strategy,
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for women. This translated into abandoning their initial commitment to also supporting immediate social reforms.
17:
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Christensen, McKenzi (2019). ""Baby Suffragettes": Girls in the Women's Suffrage Movement across the Atlantic".
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in 1914, Christabel Pankhurst was living in Paris, in order to run the organisation without fear of arrest. Her
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Membership of the WSPU was open to women only â men could not become members. It also had no party affiliation.
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2008:
The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth: Abridged and Introduced by Ronald Crichton, with a list of works by Jory Bennett
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Released following a hunger strike, in July 1914 Dorothy Evans was again arrested in Belfast. With a sister
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Purvis, June. "Emmeline Pankhurst (1858â1928), Suffragette Leader and Single Parent in Edwardian Britain."
2403:"From 'Suffrajitsu' to Indian clubs, the Battle of Glasgow reveals Scotland's 'hidden' suffragette history"
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and others, to declare soon after war broke out that the WSPU should abandon its campaigns in favour of a
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that killed at least five people and injured at least 24. When imprisoned, the group's members engaged in
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2429:""Their campaign of wanton attacks": Suffragette Iconoclasm in British Museums and Galleries during 1914"
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626:. All were charged under the Malicious Damages Act of 1861, found guilty and received various sentences.
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were expelled early in 1914. They had argued for an explicitly socialist organisation, aligned with the
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Dissenters, Radicals, Heretics and Blasphemers: The Flame of Revolt that Shines Through English History
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was killed while attempting to drape a suffragette banner on the King's horse as it was racing in the
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John Mercer, "Shopping for Suffrage: The Campaign Shops of the Women's Social and Political Union",
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2854:""Doing Something Silly": The Uses of Humour by the Women's Social and Political Union, 1903â1914"
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2185:"From hatchet throwing to hunger strikes: how 'dastardly' suffragettes won Irish women the vote"
671:(known as one of the most militant activists, also called "Slasher" Richardson) walked into the
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2543:"Elizabeth Gould Bell: Feminist trailblazer whose life was sadly blighted by family tragedies"
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UK Vote 100: Looking forward to the centenary of Equal Franchise in 2028 in the UK Parliament
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454:. Sylvia Pankhurst designed the logo and created a number of leaflets, banners, and posters.
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Tilghman, Carolyn (2011). "Staging Suffrage: Women, Politics, and the Edwardian Theater".
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195:) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for
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1804:"Mr. Balfour and the 'Suffragettes.' Hecklers Disarmed by the Ex-Premier's Patience."
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was published circa 1908. Until January 1911, the WSPU's official anthem was "
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stance, supporting the British government in the war. The WSPU stopped publishing
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won the suffragettes public sympathy and induced the government later passed the
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was in government and refused to support any legislation which did not include
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Annual Reports of the National Women's Social and Political Union, 1908â1912.
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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Suffragettes, Suffragists & Antis: The fight for the vote in Surrey Hills
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threw a hatchet that narrowly missed the head of the visiting prime minister
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Death in Ten Minutes: The Forgotten Life of Radical Suffragette Kitty Marion
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2369:"Suffragette Emily Davison knocked down by King's horse at Epsom â video"
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3013:, LSE Digital Library, London School of Economics and Political Science.
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Pankhurst, Emmeline. "My own story" 1914. London: Virago Limited, 1979.
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The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain and Ireland: A Regional Survey
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704:, she was implicated in a series of arson attacks and the bombing of
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The Suffragette Movement: An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals,
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2296:. The National Archives, Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street
1858:
The Cause: A Short History of the Women's Movement in Great Britain
729:
629:
2290:"We wanted to wake him up: Lloyd George and suffragette militancy"
641:, posted as an organiser to the north of Ireland, was arrested in
2955:. (Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2003). 2:999â1000, historiography
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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
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Immediately following the WSPU/WFL split, in autumn 1907,
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2481:"The brutes â Mrs Metge and the Lisburn Cathedral, bomb 1914"
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The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866â1928.
726:
Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913
567:. On 29 January 1913, several letter bombs were sent to the
457:
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2688:"Historic England Research Records Monument Number 1522337"
2614:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866â1928
2509:. Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 273â274, 276â278.
2226:
2080:
London, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 9781408844045, p. 153
1981:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: a Reference Guide, 1866â1928
474:", a setting of words by Florence Macaulay to the tune of "
2753:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928
2078:
Rise Up, Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes,
4077:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
2586:
Uglow, Jennifer S. (1985). "Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline".
1813:
Suffrage Days: Stories From the Women's Suffrage Movement
1611:
601:
In response to the bomb Lloyd George wrote an article in
203:, its membership and policies were tightly controlled by
2998:
Sylvia Pankhurst: Sexual politics and political activism
2343:"Irish Suffragettes at the time of the Home Rule Crisis"
1889:"How the Suffragettes used fashion to further the cause"
307:
to introduce a women's suffrage bill; it was ultimately
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Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
4525:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2214:
2202:
226:. Emmeline Pankhurst described them as engaging in a "
1623:
3797:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
879:, and in April 1915 it launched a new journal,
270:, before his death in 1898, had been active in the
2780:. Manchester University Press. pp. 190, 220.
2005:
4869:Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom
2588:The International Dictionary of Women's Biography
4805:
2991:The British women's suffrage campaign, 1866â1928
2531:https://nyupress.org/9781479828531/her-own-hero/
2039:"A Rush on the House of Commons 13 October 1908"
1670:
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274:(ILP), founded in 1893 by Scottish former miner
4733:BelmontâPaul Women's Equality National Monument
4082:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
3703:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
2238:"Lloyd George and the Suffragette Bomb Outrage"
3590:National Women's Rights Convention (1850â1869)
2561:"Collecting Suffrage: The Hunger Strike Medal"
2112:(re-issued 1984 by Chatto & Windus) p. 343
2004:Bennett, Jory (1987). Crichton, Ronald (ed.).
1815:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 253.
885:Independent Women's Social and Political Union
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2939:Sylvia Pankhurst: A crusading life, 1882â1960
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278:, a family friend. (Hardie later founded the
4879:Suffrage organisations in the United Kingdom
4844:Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
4834:1918 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
4824:1917 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1962:
1960:
1703:Unshackled: The Story of How We Won the Vote
867:control enabled her, over the objections of
478:". In that month the anthem was changed to "
2744:
2637:
2062:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1972:
1852:
1850:
1795:second edition (Hodder Murray, 2008) p. 60.
1262:Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda
408:stands (left) by the table on the platform.
296:62 Nelson Street, where the WSPU was formed
27:UK movement for women's suffrage, 1903â1918
4568:
4554:
4394:
4380:
4293:Christabel Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4204:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
4115:
4101:
3733:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
3063:
3049:
3037:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
2320:The Life and Times of Florence Nightingale
2182:
1997:
1714:
420:, c. 1909, sold by the WSPU to raise funds
332:Also in 1906, the group began a series of
4849:First-wave feminism in the United Kingdom
4829:1903 establishments in the United Kingdom
4634:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4066:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
2946:British feminism in the twentieth century
2869:
2701:
2590:. New York: Continuum. pp. 370â371.
2036:
1957:
1908:
300:In 1905, the group convinced the Liberal
4743:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed)
3637:1920 United States presidential election
2803:
2750:
2725:
2610:
2504:
2287:
2262:
2150:Little Brown, ISBN 9781844081684, p. 261
1978:
1886:
1880:
1863:
1847:
757:
660:âan incident famously captured on film.
628:
578:On 19 February 1913, as part of a wider
456:
411:
399:
343:
291:
199:founded in 1903. Known from 1906 as the
3877:Women's Rights National Historical Park
2984:Sylvia Pankhurst: Portrait of a radical
2895:
2220:
2208:
2003:
1826:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1629:
1617:
649:was not appearing on the same charges.
395:
14:
4806:
4598:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
4424:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
4351:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
4339:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
4298:Sylvia Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4288:Richard Pankhurst (husband, associate)
4122:
3554:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
2858:International Review of Social History
2851:
2775:
2148:Rebel Girls: Their Fight for the Vote,
2089:
1966:
1935:
1810:
1674:
1641:
1555:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
778:
580:suffragette bombing and arson campaign
524:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
197:women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
4788:Women's suffrage in the United States
4549:
4530:Women's suffrage in the United States
4375:
4318:Helen Pankhurst (great-granddaughter)
4303:Adela Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4252:Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons
4096:
3595:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872â1873)
3410:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
3044:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2799:
2797:
2585:
2579:
2454:"Suffragettes bomb Westminster Abbey"
2426:
2400:
2340:
2334:
748:treated the imprisoned suffragettes.
514:. They were released after six days.
218:The WSPU membership became known for
4874:Social history of the United Kingdom
4864:Organizations disestablished in 1918
4819:Organizations disestablished in 1917
4283:Mary Jane Clarke (sister, associate)
3948:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
3676:List of suffragists and suffragettes
3539:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
2478:
1733:
1545:List of women's rights organizations
1530:List of suffragists and suffragettes
3026:, 2 February 2018 â 6 January 2019.
2852:Cowman, Krista (21 November 2007).
2288:Crawford, Elizabeth (4 July 2013).
2235:
1594:"Start of the suffragette movement"
258:, along with two of her daughters,
24:
4814:Women's Social and Political Union
4717:Women's Social and Political Union
4477:Women's Social and Political Union
4361:Historiography of the Suffragettes
4199:Pankhurst Centre (home and museum)
4143:Women's Social and Political Union
3918:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
3882:Women's Suffrage National Monument
3698:Historiography of the Suffragettes
3652:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
2917:
2840:
2794:
2472:
2183:Bielenberg, Kim (7 January 2018).
2123:"The Conciliation Bill: 1910-1912"
1983:. London: Routledge. p. 645.
1887:Blackman, Cally (8 October 2015).
934:
791:The Pethick-Lawrences then joined
663:On the evening of 9 March 1914 in
432:founded the WSPU's own newspaper,
215:. Sylvia was eventually expelled.
189:Women's Social and Political Union
33:Women's Social and Political Union
25:
4895:
4859:Organizations established in 1903
4854:Organisations based in Manchester
3810:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
3004:
2953:Reader's guide to British history
2427:Scott, Helen (12 December 2016).
2341:Kelly, Vivien (24 January 2013).
2012:. Harmondsworth: Viking. p.
1873:in 1908 cited by David Fairhall,
1649:. London: Routledge. p. 67.
1550:Men's League for Women's Suffrage
909:
711:
4642:
4313:Alula Pankhurst (great-grandson)
4156:
3961:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
3759:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
3605:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
3575:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
2657:"Suffragist conspiracy charge".
1921:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1719:. Waterside Press. p. 223.
1540:List of women's rights activists
1377:Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford
517:
254:, home of the Pankhurst family.
38:
4884:Terrorism in the United Kingdom
3774:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
3534:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
3177:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
2889:
2769:
2719:
2680:
2665:
2650:
2631:
2617:. UCL Press. pp. 269â271.
2604:
2553:
2535:
2523:
2498:
2446:
2420:
2394:
2361:
2308:
2281:
2256:
2176:
2153:
2140:
2115:
2102:
2083:
2070:
2030:
1833:. Broadview Press. p. 14.
1820:
1811:Holton, Sandra Stanley (2002).
1798:
1785:
1647:Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography
637:In the same month, April 1913,
4593:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
4575:
4419:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
4401:
3585:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
3570:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
2401:Brown, Hannah (11 July 2021).
1808:, 10 January 1906, p. 5.
1764:
1708:
1701:Pankhurst, Christabel (1959).
1695:
1635:
1586:
1535:Women's suffrage organizations
1515:Feminism in the United Kingdom
245:
13:
1:
2037:ukvote100 (13 October 2015).
1580:
720:. The authorities' policy of
633:The WSPU in Kingsway, c. 1911
466:products. A board game named
110:Women-only political movement
4308:Richard Pankhurst (grandson)
3691:in majority-Muslim countries
3681:Timeline of women's suffrage
3620:Silent Sentinels (1917â1919)
3549:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
3498:2019â2020 Hong Kong protests
3070:
2751:Crawford, Elizabeth (2000).
2726:Crawford, Elizabeth (2006).
2676:. 5 March 1909. p. 401.
2611:Crawford, Elizabeth (1999).
2242:exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/
1979:Crawford, Elizabeth (2001).
1774:pg. 452. London: UCL Press.
1770:Crawford, Elizabeth (1999).
1560:Timeline of women's suffrage
1525:List of suffragette bombings
1022:Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton
528:List of suffragette bombings
497:. 60,000 people gathered in
368:, with two others, 1906â1907
232:committed a series of arsons
7:
4212:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
4061:New Zealand ten-dollar note
3728:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
3642:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
3580:Rochester Convention (1848)
3365:Constitutional amendments:
3151:Women's liberation movement
2960:Suffrage and the Pankhursts
2316:"Suffragettes June 18 1913"
1869:Quotation from the journal
1705:. London: Hutchison, p. 43.
1508:
795:and others in starting the
588:Chancellor of the Exchequer
569:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
4900:
3600:Suffrage Hikes (1912â1914)
3024:exhibition and programming
2902:. Hodder & Stoughton.
2755:. Routledge. p. 459.
2672:"The women's exhibition".
2108:Pankhurst, Sylvia (1931),
2090:Simkin, John (June 2022).
1827:Colmore, Gertrude (2007).
1575:
855:During the First World War
673:National Gallery in London
586:, the country home of the
554:Emmeline Pethwick-Lawrence
521:
4775:
4725:
4704:
4651:
4640:
4583:
4517:
4485:
4469:
4409:
4326:
4270:
4220:
4191:
4165:
4154:
4130:
4068:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
3931:
3905:
3887:International Women's Day
3664:
3562:
3506:
3405:
3398:
3159:
3078:
2871:10.1017/s0020859007003239
2778:Women of the right spirit
2730:. Routledge. p. 14.
2460:. RaidiĂł TeilifĂs Ăireann
2244:. Exploring Surrey's Past
2146:Liddington, Jill (2006),
1953:10.1080/09612020902771053
1793:GCSE Modern World History
1715:Hostettler, John (2012).
1689:10.1080/09612029600200112
1502:Rose Emma Lamartine Yates
1462:Mathilde Wolff Van Sandau
1342:Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
430:Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
169:Demonstrations, marches,
165:
136:
132:
124:
114:
106:
98:
86:
72:
64:
56:
37:
4138:Women's Franchise League
3971:Women's suffrage in film
3942:The Women's Marseillaise
3830:Suffragette Handkerchief
3708:Women's rights activists
3488:Hong Kong 1 July marches
2661:. 9 May 1913. p. 8.
2505:Courtney, Roger (2013).
2375:. Reuters. 1 June 2013.
2263:Atherton, Kathy (2017).
2076:Atkinson, Diane (2018),
843:Independent Labour Party
582:, a bomb was set off in
472:The Women's Marseillaise
339:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
272:Independent Labour Party
181:, standing for election.
4278:Sophia Goulden (mother)
4072:2020 US ten-dollar bill
4056:Susan B. Anthony dollar
3993:Not for Ourselves Alone
3615:Suffrage Special (1916)
3544:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
3493:2014 Hong Kong protests
3091:Right to run for office
2982:Romero, Patricia W. E.
2979:(2011) 20#1 pp: 87â108.
2776:Cowman, Krista (2011).
2713:10 October 2011 at the
2708:Spartacus: Kitty Marion
1147:Louisa Garrett Anderson
1052:Georgina Fanny Cheffins
987:Teresa Billington-Greig
859:On the outbreak of the
404:WSPU meeting, c. 1908.
4629:Equal Rights Amendment
4612:National Woman's Party
4443:National Woman's Party
3739:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
3388:1965 Voting Rights Act
2977:Women's History Review
2896:Riddell, Fern (2018).
2236:Douglas, Helen Alice.
1944:Women's History Review
1856:Strachey, Ray (1928).
1677:Women's History Review
997:Bettina Borrmann Wells
914:Between 1905 and 1914
839:East London Federation
775:
698:Hunger Strike Medalist
634:
620:Laura Geraldine Lennox
480:The March of the Women
462:
421:
409:
390:Women's Freedom League
380:then voted to support
369:
297:
4178:Women's Sunday (1908)
3720:BelmontâPaul Monument
3647:Freedom Summer (1964)
3524:Women's Sunday (1908)
2818:10.1353/cdr.2011.0031
2479:Toal, Ciaran (2014).
2267:. The Cockerel Pres.
2127:Spartacus Educational
2096:Spartacus Educational
1457:Marion Wallace Dunlop
1412:Dame Ethel Mary Smyth
1152:Edith Margaret Garrud
1027:Evaline Hilda Burkitt
982:Rosa May Billinghurst
806:âs sister Jessie and
761:
751:A special medal, the
734:Edith Margaret Garrud
632:
612:Harriett Roberta Kerr
512:Marion Wallace Dunlop
482:", newly composed by
460:
415:
403:
347:
295:
154:Lincoln's Inn House,
4738:2012 ten-dollar coin
4509:Lucy Burns Institute
4255:(2015 graphic novel)
4236:Shoulder to Shoulder
3985:Shoulder to Shoulder
3954:The Mother of Us All
3897:Women's Equality Day
3892:Susan B. Anthony Day
3746:Suffragette Memorial
3351:District of Columbia
3121:Non-resident citizen
2565:Woman and her Sphere
2547:www.newsletter.co.uk
1877:, Tauris, 2006 p 31.
1754:(Pluto Press, 1999)
1317:Christabel Pankhurst
746:Elizabeth Gould Bell
396:Campaigning develops
354:Christabel Pankhurst
238:and were subject to
81:Christabel Pankhurst
49:Christabel Pankhurst
4183:Black Friday (1910)
3852:Hunger Strike Medal
3529:Black Friday (1910)
3035:Schlesinger Library
2951:Loades, David, ed.
2941:(Aurum Press, 2003)
2937:Harrison, Shirley.
2934:(Pluto Press, 1999)
2549:. 4 September 2018.
1620:, pp. 117â121.
1565:Women's empowerment
1477:Laura Annie Willson
1417:Harriet Shaw Weaver
1267:Christabel Marshall
1247:Margaret Macfarlane
1242:Florence Macfarlane
1167:Katie Edith Gliddon
1137:Kate Williams Evans
1112:Sophia Duleep Singh
1097:Violet Mary Doudney
1062:Helen Millar Craggs
977:Edith Marian Begbie
848:Women's Dreadnought
779:Splits and currents
753:Hunger Strike Medal
266:, and her husband,
34:
4839:Emmeline Pankhurst
4749:Jailed for Freedom
4229:Sister Suffragette
4124:Emmeline Pankhurst
3995:(1999 documentary)
3862:Suffrage jewellery
3086:Universal suffrage
3030:Papers, 1911â1913.
2996:Winslow, Barbara.
2925:Emmeline Pankhurst
2347:historyireland.com
2322:. 23 February 2015
1472:Gertrude Wilkinson
1407:Alice Maud Shipley
1322:Emmeline Pankhurst
1217:Aeta Adelaide Lamb
1202:Ellen Isabel Jones
962:Ethel Ayres Purdie
797:United Suffragists
776:
635:
573:David Lloyd George
463:
422:
418:Emmeline Pankhurst
416:Portrait badge of
410:
406:Emmeline Pankhurst
382:universal suffrage
370:
362:Emmeline Pankhurst
298:
256:Emmeline Pankhurst
220:civil disobedience
207:and her daughters
205:Emmeline Pankhurst
128:"Deeds, not words"
90:62 Nelson Street,
77:Emmeline Pankhurst
32:
4801:
4800:
4757:Iron Jawed Angels
4676:Inez Haynes Irwin
4543:
4542:
4494:Iron Jawed Angels
4369:
4368:
4239:(1974 BBC serial)
4090:
4089:
4001:Iron Jawed Angels
3923:Umbrella Movement
3867:Suffragette penny
3781:Millicent Fawcett
3752:Portrait Monument
3660:
3659:
3514:WSPU march (1906)
3331:African Americans
3249:Spain (Civil War,
3141:Compulsory voting
2989:Smith, Harold L.
2986:(Yale U.P., 1987)
2909:978-1-4736-6621-4
2806:Comparative Drama
2624:978-1-84142-031-8
2516:978-1-909556-06-5
2433:The Museum Review
2349:. History Ireland
2274:978-1-909871-11-3
2023:978-0-670-80655-3
1990:978-0-415-23926-4
1830:Suffragette Sally
1780:978-1-84142-031-8
1656:978-0-415-23978-3
1467:Patricia Woodlock
1347:Caroline Phillips
1302:Margaret Nevinson
1182:Beatrice Harraden
1092:Charlotte Despard
1072:Helen Cruickshank
1042:Eileen Mary Casey
706:Lisburn Cathedral
691:Westminster Abbey
534:Conciliation Bill
499:Parliament Square
366:Charlotte Despard
185:
184:
16:(Redirected from
4891:
4793:Women's suffrage
4646:
4617:Silent Sentinels
4570:
4563:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4535:Women's suffrage
4449:Silent Sentinels
4436:Suffrage Special
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4372:
4334:Women's suffrage
4160:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4094:
4093:
3913:Age of candidacy
3846:Holloway Jingles
3820:Pankhurst Centre
3791:(2008 sculpture)
3714:Leser v. Garnett
3519:Mud March (1907)
3403:
3402:
3336:Native Americans
3146:Disfranchisement
3065:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3017:Museum of London
2948:(1990) pp: 7â24.
2932:Sylvia Pankhurst
2923:Bartley, Paula.
2913:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2864:(S15): 259â274.
2849:
2838:
2837:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2723:
2717:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2567:. 11 August 2012
2557:
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2413:
2407:www.scotsman.com
2398:
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2011:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1939:
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1845:
1844:
1824:
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1802:
1796:
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1783:
1768:
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1752:Sylvia Pankhurst
1748:
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1639:
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1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1590:
1482:Laetitia Withall
1442:Catherine Tolson
1357:Isabella Potbury
1327:Sylvia Pankhurst
1232:Constance Lytton
1192:Edith How-Martyn
891:, and including
887:(IWSPU), led by
835:Sylvia Pankhurst
789:The Suffragette.
738:Gertrude Harding
687:Coronation Chair
624:Beatrice Sanders
495:House of Commons
42:
35:
31:
21:
4899:
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4890:
4889:
4888:
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4797:
4771:
4721:
4700:
4686:Inez Milholland
4671:Crystal Eastman
4653:
4647:
4638:
4622:Night of Terror
4585:
4579:
4574:
4544:
4539:
4513:
4481:
4465:
4454:Night of Terror
4411:
4410:Suffrage events
4405:
4400:
4370:
4365:
4322:
4266:
4216:
4187:
4173:1906 WSPU march
4161:
4152:
4126:
4121:
4091:
4086:
4051:(upcoming film)
3977:Votes for Women
3933:
3927:
3901:
3840:Holloway brooch
3835:Holloway banner
3666:
3656:
3625:Night of Terror
3558:
3502:
3394:
3155:
3074:
3069:
3022:Votes for Women
3007:
2920:
2918:Further reading
2910:
2892:
2887:
2850:
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2802:
2795:
2788:
2774:
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2763:
2749:
2745:
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2724:
2720:
2715:Wayback Machine
2706:
2702:
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2685:
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2674:Votes for women
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2487:
2485:History Ireland
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2165:, 8 August 1912
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1973:
1965:
1958:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1885:
1881:
1871:Votes for Women
1868:
1864:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1769:
1765:
1749:
1734:
1727:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1673:
1664:
1657:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1511:
1506:
1362:Mary Richardson
1312:Adela Pankhurst
1292:Alice Morrissey
1287:Dora Montefiore
1252:Margaret McPhun
1177:Cicely Hamilton
1157:Katharine Gatty
1142:Theresa Garnett
1017:Constance Bryer
1012:Bertha Brewster
942:Mary Ann Aldham
937:
935:Notable members
912:
889:Charlotte Marsh
877:The Suffragette
861:First World War
857:
831:and Mary Home.
808:Adela Pankhurst
785:Votes for Women
781:
772:Holloway Prison
714:
677:Diego VelĂĄzquez
669:Mary Richardson
604:Nash's Magazine
530:
520:
488:Cicely Hamilton
476:La Marseillaise
435:Votes for Women
398:
317:enfranchisement
313:political party
248:
228:reign of terror
161:
119:Votes for women
79:
68:10 October 1903
52:
28:
23:
22:
18:The Suffragette
15:
12:
11:
5:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4768:(2022 musical)
4761:
4753:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:The Suffragist
4595:
4589:
4587:
4586:co-strategized
4584:Initiated and
4581:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4505:(2022 musical)
4498:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4459:Prison Special
4456:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4430:The Suffragist
4421:
4415:
4413:
4412:(co-organized)
4407:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4263:(2018 musical)
4256:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:Rise up, Women
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4044:(2022 musical)
4037:
4036:(2018 musical)
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3968:
3966:Suffrage plays
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3789:Great Petition
3785:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3735:
3730:
3726:Rise up, Women
3722:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3630:Prison Special
3627:
3617:
3612:
3610:Suffrage Torch
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3282:Cayman Islands
3272:United Kingdom
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3027:
3014:
3006:
3005:External links
3003:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2993:(2nd ed. 2007)
2987:
2980:
2973:
2963:
2958:Marcus, Jane.
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2839:
2812:(4): 339â360.
2793:
2787:978-0719070037
2786:
2768:
2761:
2743:
2737:978-0415477390
2736:
2718:
2700:
2679:
2664:
2649:
2630:
2623:
2603:
2596:
2578:
2552:
2534:
2522:
2515:
2497:
2471:
2445:
2419:
2393:
2360:
2333:
2307:
2280:
2273:
2255:
2225:
2223:, p. 123.
2213:
2211:, p. 122.
2201:
2175:
2152:
2139:
2114:
2101:
2082:
2069:
2029:
2022:
1996:
1989:
1971:
1969:, p. 157.
1956:
1934:
1907:
1879:
1862:
1846:
1839:
1819:
1797:
1784:
1763:
1732:
1726:978-1904380825
1725:
1707:
1694:
1662:
1655:
1634:
1632:, p. 137.
1622:
1610:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:Women's rights
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Genie Sheppard
1399:
1394:
1392:Arabella Scott
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:Ellen Pitfield
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:Frances Parker
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Frances McPhun
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Mary Macarthur
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Mary Gawthorpe
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Flora Drummond
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Elsie Bowerman
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Barbara Ayrton
964:
959:
957:Helen Archdale
954:
949:
944:
938:
936:
933:
916:suffrage drama
911:
910:Suffrage drama
908:
856:
853:
829:Vera Wentworth
780:
777:
718:hunger strikes
713:
712:Hunger strikes
710:
616:Rachel Barrett
614:, Agnes Lake,
519:
516:
486:with words by
444:Women's Sunday
397:
394:
350:Flora Drummond
334:demonstrations
286:arrange it!"
247:
244:
236:hunger strikes
183:
182:
175:hunger strikes
167:
163:
162:
160:
159:
152:
140:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
51:, c. 1908
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4896:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Doris Stevens
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:" (1964 song)
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4148:Women's Party
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:(2013 sitcom)
4010:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3987:(1974 series)
3986:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3321:United States
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:Liechtenstein
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Demeny voting
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:0-86068-057-6
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:Davis, Mary.
2929:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2835:
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2019:
2015:
2010:
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1968:
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1938:
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1911:
1896:
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1875:Common Ground
1872:
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1859:
1853:
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1842:
1840:9781770482487
1836:
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1760:0-7453-1518-6
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1598:UK Parliament
1595:
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1432:Janie Terrero
1430:
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1403:
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1388:
1387:Amy Sanderson
1385:
1383:
1382:Bertha Ryland
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Rona Robinson
1370:
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1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:Lillian Metge
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
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1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Lilian Lenton
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Alice Hawkins
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Dorothy Evans
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Edith Downing
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Emily Davison
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Ellen Crocker
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Leonora Cohen
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
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1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
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983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
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968:
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963:
960:
958:
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953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
932:
929:
924:
920:
917:
907:
905:
904:Women's Party
900:
898:
897:Dorothy Evans
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:nationalistic
870:
866:
862:
852:
850:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
830:
826:
822:
821:Jessie Kenney
818:
814:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
773:
769:
765:
760:
756:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:force feeding
719:
709:
707:
703:
702:Lillian Metge
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:
679:'s painting,
678:
675:and attacked
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
654:Emily Davison
652:In June 1913
650:
648:
644:
640:
639:Dorothy Evans
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Pinfold Manor
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:H. H. Asquith
562:
557:
555:
551:
545:
543:
539:
535:
529:
525:
518:Direct action
515:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
459:
455:
453:
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427:
419:
414:
407:
402:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:WSPU leaders
346:
342:
340:
335:
330:
327:
326:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Bamford Slack
303:
294:
290:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
240:force-feeding
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:direct action
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
176:
172:
171:direct action
168:
164:
157:
153:
150:
146:
145:Clement's Inn
142:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4716:
4696:Mabel Vernon
4661:Alva Belmont
4602:
4500:
4493:
4476:
4445:(co-founder)
4428:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4209:
4142:
4048:
4039:
4031:
4024:
4016:
4009:Up the Women
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3956:(1947 opera)
3953:
3872:Suffrage Oak
3857:Justice Bell
3844:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3750:
3738:
3725:
3712:
3412:conferences
3079:Basic topics
3021:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2898:
2890:Bibliography
2861:
2857:
2809:
2805:
2777:
2771:
2752:
2746:
2727:
2721:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2667:
2659:The Scotsman
2658:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2613:
2606:
2587:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2525:
2506:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2484:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2373:The Guardian
2372:
2363:
2353:15 September
2351:. Retrieved
2346:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2293:
2283:
2264:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2241:
2221:Riddell 2018
2216:
2209:Riddell 2018
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2178:
2167:, retrieved
2161:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2092:"Ada Wright"
2085:
2077:
2072:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:
2032:
2007:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1942:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:The Guardian
1892:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1829:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1791:Walsh, Ben.
1787:
1771:
1766:
1751:
1750:Mary Davis,
1716:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1680:
1676:
1646:
1643:Purvis, June
1637:
1630:Riddell 2018
1625:
1618:Riddell 2018
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1487:Olive Wharry
1452:Julia Varley
1447:Helen Tolson
1437:Dora Thewlis
1422:Evelyn Sharp
1397:Muriel Scott
1297:Flora Murray
1277:Dora Marsden
1272:Kitty Marion
1207:Annie Kenney
1082:Alice Davies
1077:Louie Cullen
1037:Sarah Carwin
992:Violet Bland
952:Doreen Allen
928:Annie Kenney
923:Suffragettes
921:
913:
901:
880:
876:
869:Kitty Marion
858:
846:
833:
813:Irene Dallas
804:Annie Kenney
801:
793:Agnes Harben
788:
784:
782:
750:
742:Flora Murray
715:
695:
682:Rokeby Venus
680:
662:
651:
636:
609:
602:
600:
592:Lloyd George
577:
558:
546:
541:
537:
531:
507:Sarah Carwin
492:
464:
440:
433:
423:
386:middle-class
378:Labour Party
375:
371:
358:Annie Kenney
331:
323:
321:
299:
288:
284:
280:Labour Party
249:
217:
201:suffragettes
192:
188:
186:
137:Headquarters
57:Abbreviation
45:Annie Kenney
29:
4760:(2004 film)
4752:(1920 book)
4496:(2004 film)
4356:Eagle House
4344:Suffragette
4247:(2015 film)
4244:Suffragette
4027:(2015 film)
4025:Suffragette
4019:(2014 film)
4003:(2004 film)
3979:(1912 film)
3815:Eagle House
3668:(memorials)
3356:Puerto Rico
3267:Switzerland
3244:New Zealand
3136:Suffragette
3116:Non-citizen
2490:22 November
2189:independent
1967:Purvis 2002
1927:1 September
1916:"WSPU Flag"
1900:1 September
1427:Hope Squire
1367:Edith Rigby
1197:Elsie Howey
1172:Nellie Hall
1117:Elsie Duval
1047:Joan Cather
972:Norah Balls
947:Janie Allan
893:Edith Rigby
825:Elsie Howey
764:suffragette
736:and led by
658:Epsom Derby
647:James Craig
484:Ethel Smyth
468:Suffragetto
276:Keir Hardie
246:Early years
47:(left) and
4808:Categories
4681:Dora Lewis
4666:Lucy Burns
4654:associates
4577:Alice Paul
4403:Lucy Burns
4221:Depictions
3804:Resilience
3346:foreigners
3252:Francoist)
3182:aboriginal
3160:By country
3126:Voting age
2571:9 November
1806:Daily Mail
1683:(2): 260.
1581:References
1520:Girl power
1497:Ada Wright
1492:Celia Wray
1337:Alice Paul
1222:Mary Leigh
1127:Norah Elam
1032:Lucy Burns
1007:Janet Boyd
865:autocratic
561:Mary Leigh
542:Daily News
538:Daily Mail
522:See also:
503:Ada Wright
325:Daily Mail
309:talked out
260:Christabel
252:Manchester
209:Christabel
92:Manchester
87:Founded at
4712:Paulsdale
3825:Paulsdale
3257:Sri Lanka
3214:Hong Kong
3172:Australia
2880:0020-8590
2834:154889688
2826:1936-1637
2464:1 October
2381:0261-3077
2300:1 October
2248:1 October
1860:. p. 301.
1307:Edith New
1212:Edith Key
1122:Una Duval
881:Britannia
817:Grace Roe
768:force-fed
550:Frederick
452:Hyde Park
426:Frederick
337:Sir
151:, London;
102:1917/1918
99:Dissolved
94:, England
65:Formation
3287:Scotland
3204:Colombia
3072:Suffrage
2711:Archived
2646:(1): 20.
2438:1 August
2412:1 August
2386:1 August
2194:2 August
2169:2 August
2132:2 August
2058:cite web
2048:2 August
1947:, 2009,
1645:(2002).
1509:See also
837:and her
774:, London
730:ju-jitsu
540:and the
532:In 1910
179:bombings
158:, London
156:Kingsway
73:Founders
4776:Related
4518:Related
4327:Related
4131:Founder
4049:Lioness
3934:culture
3932:Popular
3906:Related
3766:Forward
3209:Ecuador
3167:Austria
2693:18 June
1576:Sources
665:Glasgow
643:Belfast
596:Cardiff
268:Richard
166:Methods
115:Purpose
4726:Legacy
4486:Legacy
4271:Family
4260:Sylvia
4192:Honors
4166:Events
4033:Sylvia
3783:statue
3768:statue
3741:statue
3399:Events
3361:states
3341:felons
3262:Sweden
3239:Mexico
3229:Kuwait
3194:Canada
3000:(1996)
2969:
2962:(1987)
2927:(2002)
2906:
2878:
2832:
2824:
2784:
2759:
2734:
2621:
2594:
2513:
2379:
2326:1 June
2294:Gov.uk
2271:
2020:
1987:
1837:
1778:
1758:
1723:
1653:
1603:1 June
766:being
264:Sylvia
213:Sylvia
149:Strand
4765:Suffs
4652:Main
4502:Suffs
4041:Suffs
4017:Selma
3665:Women
3326:women
3298:laws
3292:Wales
3277:women
3224:Japan
3219:India
3199:Chile
3187:women
3111:Youth
3106:Black
3096:Women
2830:S2CID
448:rally
125:Motto
4705:Life
4470:Life
3481:14th
3476:13th
3471:12th
3466:11th
3461:10th
3383:26th
3379:24th
3375:23rd
3371:19th
3367:15th
3312:1928
3307:1918
3302:1832
2967:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2876:ISSN
2822:ISSN
2782:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2732:ISBN
2695:2021
2619:ISBN
2592:ISBN
2573:2019
2511:ISBN
2492:2019
2466:2020
2440:2022
2414:2022
2388:2022
2377:ISSN
2355:2020
2328:2021
2302:2020
2269:ISBN
2250:2020
2196:2022
2171:2022
2134:2022
2064:link
2050:2022
2018:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1929:2021
1902:2021
1835:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1605:2020
895:and
744:and
622:and
552:and
526:and
505:and
428:and
376:The
262:and
222:and
211:and
193:WSPU
187:The
107:Type
60:WSPU
3456:9th
3451:8th
3446:7th
3441:6th
3436:5th
3431:4th
3426:3rd
3421:2nd
3416:1st
3373:,
3101:Men
2866:doi
2814:doi
2458:RTE
2014:378
1949:doi
1685:doi
770:in
732:by
689:in
450:in
282:.)
4810::
3686:US
3563:US
3507:UK
3381:,
3377:,
3369:,
3019:,
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2862:52
2860:.
2856:.
2842:^
2828:.
2820:.
2810:45
2808:.
2796:^
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2056:{{
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364:,
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1951::
1931:.
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191:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
