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The stacks were originally known as the
Pinnacles, and the Sow and Pigs (or Sow and Piglets, with Muttonbird Island being the Sow and the smaller rock stacks being the Piglets), as well as the Twelve Apostles. The formation's name was made official as the Twelve Apostles, after the Apostles of Jesus,
263:. In July 2005, a 50-metre-tall (160 ft) stack collapsed, leaving eight standing at the Twelve Apostles' viewpoint. Due to wave action eroding the cliffs, existing headlands are expected to become new limestone stacks in the future.
258:
gradually erode the soft limestone to form caves in the cliffs, which then become arches that eventually collapse, leaving rock stacks up to 50 m (160 ft) high. The stacks are susceptible to further erosion from
691:
423:
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by the Twelve
Apostles never included twelve stacks, additional stacks—not considered part of the Apostles group—are located to the west within the national park.
63:
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223:. Eight of the original nine stacks remain standing at the Twelve Apostles' viewpoint, after one collapsed in July 2005. Though the view from the
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at the Twelve
Apostles site. The association approved of a later decision by the Victorian government to prohibit
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996:
666:"The Twelve Apostles are back in Aboriginal hands after Vic's first native title determination in 10 years"
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442:"Quantifying Neogene plate-boundary controlled uplift and deformation of the southern Australian margin"
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In 2002, the Port
Campbell Professional Fishermen's Association attempted to block the creation of the
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717:"Emotions run high as traditional owners secure land rights after more than a decade of petitioning"
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692:"'Arduous road' leads to native title ruling that returns Victorian land to traditional owners"
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641:"Austin on behalf of the Eastern Maar People v State of Victoria [2023] FCA 237"
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293:' of 8,578 km of land located in south-west Victoria, including the Twelve Apostles.
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526:"Twelve Apostles | Rock Formation, Australia, Description, & Facts | Britannica"
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785:
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Tassone, David R.; Holford, Simon P.; Hillis, Richard R.; Tuitt, Adrian K. (2012).
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at the site by
Benaris Energy, believing such exploration would harm marine life.
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The limestone unit that forms The Twelve
Apostles is referred to as the
950:
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224:
617:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 October 2003. Archived from
587:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 October 2003. Archived from
581:"Fishermen welcome decision against national park seismic exploration"
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209:
190:
557:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 April 2002. Archived from
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to attract more tourists, despite only ever having had nine stacks.
27:
Collection of limestone stacks by the Great Ocean Road in
Australia
212:. The Twelve Apostles are located on the traditional lands of the
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Their proximity to one another has made the site a popular
439:
289:) of formally recognising the Eastern Maar people as
400:. Parks Victoria Information Centre. Archived from
551:"Port Campbell bid to block marine national park"
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446:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
611:"Otway Basin seismic survey work set to start"
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430:Fairfax Digital. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
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424:"Sister, not apostle, crumbles into sea"
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1012:Tourist attractions in Victoria (state)
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239:, which was deposited in the Mid-Late
757:
491:
855:Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
506:from the original on 8 November 2016
482:Pegasus Elliot Mackenzie Pu. p. 203.
422:Thomas Hunter (September 28, 2009).
272:Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
243:, around 15 to 5 million years ago.
1007:Rock formations of Victoria (state)
366:Eastern Maar Aboriginal Corporation
246:The Twelve Apostles were formed by
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840:Point Addis Marine National Park
690:Latimore, Jack (28 March 2023).
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32:Apostles in the New Testament
18:The Twelve Apostles, Victoria
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845:Port Campbell National Park
800:Bay of Islands Coastal Park
784:Visitor attractions on the
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285:ruled in favour (under the
198:Port Campbell National Park
36:Twelve Apostles (mountains)
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480:Little Bites of Australia.
283:Federal Court of Australia
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820:Great Otway National Park
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492:Biunv (1 January 1898).
307:2003 before the collapse
287:Native Title Act of 1993
30:Not to be confused with
319:2023 after the collapse
237:Port Campbell Limestone
106:Port Campbell, Victoria
1002:Landmarks in Australia
494:"A picturesque resort"
478:Porter, Geoff (2006).
133:38.66583°S 143.10444°E
231:Formation and history
254:conditions from the
214:Eastern Maar peoples
189:are a collection of
179:Shire of Corangamite
138:-38.66583; 143.10444
87:and, inset, Victoria
85:Shire of Corangamite
1017:Cliffs of Australia
997:Stacks of Australia
850:The Twelve Apostles
281:In March 2023, the
276:seismic exploration
187:The Twelve Apostles
129: /
77:The Twelve Apostles
45:
44:The Twelve Apostles
530:www.britannica.com
398:parkweb.vic.gov.au
291:traditional owners
221:tourist attraction
43:
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404:on 22 August 2014
394:"Twelve Apostles"
196:off the shore of
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16:(Redirected from
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1022:Great Ocean Road
961:Separation Creek
810:Cape Bridgewater
786:Great Ocean Road
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747:Official website
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202:Great Ocean Road
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83:Location within
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723:. 28 March 2023
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739:External links
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941:Peterborough
906:Eastern View
886:Barwon Heads
871:Aireys Inlet
849:
815:Gibson Steps
725:. Retrieved
720:
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699:. Retrieved
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673:. Retrieved
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648:. Retrieved
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623:. Retrieved
619:the original
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593:. Retrieved
589:the original
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563:. Retrieved
559:the original
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402:the original
397:
369:. Retrieved
365:
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333:Gibson Steps
280:
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40:
971:Warrnambool
936:Moggs Creek
926:Lavers Hill
805:Bells Beach
793:Attractions
136: /
124:143°06′16″E
112:Coordinates
991:Categories
956:Princetown
951:Port Fairy
896:Camperdown
881:Apollo Bay
825:The Grotto
615:abc.net.au
585:abc.net.au
555:abc.net.au
510:8 November
499:The Leader
349:References
225:promontory
121:38°39′57″S
976:Wye River
911:Fairhaven
466:0305-8719
210:Australia
200:, by the
191:limestone
156:Australia
96:Geography
891:Bellbrae
876:Anglesea
727:29 March
721:ABC News
701:29 March
675:29 March
650:29 March
535:29 March
504:Archived
408:10 March
371:29 March
327:See also
206:Victoria
167:Victoria
101:Location
966:Torquay
921:Jan Juc
916:Geelong
696:The Age
625:17 June
595:17 June
565:17 June
362:"About"
248:erosion
241:Miocene
464:
194:stacks
931:Lorne
901:Colac
864:Towns
261:waves
163:State
104:Near
729:2023
703:2023
677:2023
670:NITV
652:2023
627:2010
597:2010
567:2010
537:2024
512:2016
462:ISSN
410:2019
373:2023
454:doi
450:367
204:in
174:LGA
34:or
993::
719:.
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448:.
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381:^
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208:,
777:e
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456::
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
