597:
293:
I have learned that many of the Greeks suppose
Pythagoras said that everything came to be from number. This statement, however, poses a difficulty—how something that does not even exist is thought to beget things. But he did not say that things came to be from number, but according to number. For in
156:. Her place of birth and the identity of her father is uncertain as well. Many Pythagorean writings were attributed to her in antiquity, including some letters and a few fragments from philosophical treatises, although these are all regarded as spurious by modern scholars.
263:, works that were written long after Theano's death by later Pythagoreans, which attempt to correct doctrinal disputes with later philosophers or apply Pythagorean philosophy to a woman's life. Some sources claim that Theano wrote about either the doctrine of the
677:
662:
294:
number is the primary ordering, by virtue of whose presence, in the realm of things that can be counted, too, something takes its place as first, something as second, and the rest follow in order.
751:
Epistolographoi hellenikoi. Epistolographi graeci, recensuit, recognovit, adnotatione critica et indicibus instruxit
Rudolphus Hercher; accedunt Francisci Boissonadii ad Synesium notae ineditae
329:
The various surviving letters deal with domestic concerns: how a woman should bring up children, how she should treat servants, and how she should behave virtuously towards her husband.
901:
212:, married Pythagoras, and while some claim that after Pythagoras' passing, she took over his school, the evidence is overwhelmingly clear that was not the case.
894:
392:
887:
2228:
173:
2233:
164:
Little is known about the life of Theano, and the few details on her life from ancient testimony are contradictory. According to
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1906:
1810:
863:
810:
778:
710:
2223:
1269:
1754:
613:
768:
1931:
1535:
627:
87:
2098:
749:
647:
485:
2238:
2198:
1448:
1385:
1278:
1077:
2155:
2027:
1969:
1883:
1706:
1492:
1436:
1342:
1252:
1009:
1000:
2070:
607:
1749:
1179:
1144:
910:
264:
80:
1858:
1591:
1264:
991:
177:
855:
Moral
Education for Women in the Pastoral and Pythagorean Letters: Philosophers of the Household
2110:
2017:
1768:
1659:
1649:
1515:
1408:
1243:
165:
244:, which have not survived. In addition, a short fragment attributed to her from a work titled
2150:
1992:
1563:
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1169:
1164:
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1027:
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924:
641:
1987:
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602:
8:
2050:
2007:
1941:
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1413:
1403:
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1233:
1139:
972:
929:
727:
Deakin, Michael A.B. (15 April 2013). "Theano: the world's first female mathematician?".
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314:
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197:
2165:
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1959:
1805:
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1581:
1482:
977:
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110:
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have survived through medieval manuscript traditions that are attributed to her.
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1863:
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1553:
1086:
962:
298:
260:
145:
137:
92:
271:
in mathematics, but there is no evidence from the time to justify this claim.
2217:
1911:
1744:
844:
384:
310:
301:
notes that this statement, that "number does not even exist" contradicts the
193:
2193:
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1893:
1734:
1365:
1215:
268:
1795:
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729:
International
Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology
2115:
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1949:
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62:
51:
791:
An
Introduction to the Pythagorean Writtings of the Hellenistic Period
632:. Translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie – via Tertullian Project.
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2145:
1954:
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These writings are all widely considered by modern scholarship to be
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66:
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2012:
2002:
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754:(in Ancient Greek and Latin). Parisiis A.F. Didot. pp. 603–607
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47:
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1964:
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concerns a
Pythagorean analogy between numbers and objects;
169:
113:
1159:
524:
522:
520:
221:
220:
Many writings were attributed to Theano in antiquity - The
128:
116:
122:
570:
568:
566:
517:
148:
philosopher. She has been called the wife or student of
909:
454:
770:
Women writers of ancient Greece and Rome: an anthology
444:
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563:
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414:
412:
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408:
125:
507:
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437:
119:
534:
405:
502:
2215:
379:There are also references to a letter addressed
773:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 68-75.
546:
621:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.
895:
556:, in Richard Hawley, Barbara Levick, (1995),
1625:
829:"On A History of Women Philosophers, Vol. I"
661:
460:
363:: On behavior when a husband is unfaithful.
351:: On behavior when a husband is unfaithful.
345:: A short letter to a physician who is ill.
938:
902:
888:
702:Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism
152:, although others see her as the wife of
851:
787:
748:Hercher, Rudolf (1873). "Pythagoreans".
676:
601:
528:
472:
448:
424:
224:attributes to her works with the titles
747:
698:
574:
540:
2216:
1076:
726:
636:
511:
332:The preserved letters are as follows:
16:6th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher
999:
883:
826:
802:Pythagoras and the Early Pythagoreans
798:
766:
692:
418:
625:
589:
911:Ancient Greek schools of philosophy
852:Huizenga, Annette (27 March 2013).
558:Women in antiquity: new assessments
13:
820:
375:: Addressed to an unfaithful lover
14:
2255:
2229:6th-century BC Greek philosophers
614:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
2234:Ancient Greek women philosophers
608:"Pythagoreans: Pythagoras"
595:
109:
617:. Vol. 2:8. Translated by
554:Some Pythagorean female virtues
369:: On a philosopher named Cleon.
478:
1:
2244:Pythagoreans of Magna Graecia
799:Zhmud, Leonid (31 May 2012).
584:
357:: On etiquette towards maids.
39:
741:10.1080/0020739X.2012.729614
705:. Harvard University Press.
7:
767:Plant, Ian Michael (2004).
321:in the early Roman period.
313:, and attributes it to the
274:
215:
10:
2260:
2224:6th-century BC Greek women
324:
281:The surviving fragment of
242:Philosophical Commentaries
2164:
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1085:
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788:Thesleff, Holger (1961).
383:, which is referenced by
252:of Stobaeus, and several
200:reports a tradition from
141:
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86:
76:
72:
58:
35:
29:
28:
21:
1750:Alexander of Aphrodisias
699:Burkert, Walter (1972).
398:
391:for its use of the word
339:: On caring for infants.
172:and was the daughter of
81:Ancient Greek philosophy
1859:Lucius Annaeus Cornutus
1592:Thrasymachus of Corinth
1270:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
317:, before the advent of
226:Pythagorean Apophthegms
178:Aristoxenus of Tarentum
159:
144:) was a 6th-century BC
1516:Aristippus the Younger
490:www.brooklynmuseum.org
296:
267:in philosophy, or the
208:, was the daughter of
1993:Eudorus of Alexandria
1564:Asclepiades of Phlius
1521:Theodorus the Atheist
827:Dancy, R. M. (1989).
560:, page 133. Routledge
291:
184:, she is the wife of
43: 6th century BC
1927:Diogenes of Oenoanda
552:Voula Lambropoulou,
248:is preserved in the
204:where she came from
176:. In the catalog of
2051:Apollonius of Tyana
1998:Philo of Alexandria
1801:Agrippa the Skeptic
1740:Strato of Lampsacus
2239:Ancient Crotonians
2126:Plutarch of Athens
2066:Numenius of Apamea
2056:Moderatus of Gades
1526:Hegesias of Cyrene
693:Modern scholarship
643:Life of Pythagoras
629:Life of Pythagoras
619:Hicks, Robert Drew
603:Laërtius, Diogenes
432:Life of Pythagoras
315:Hellenistic period
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2174:Nicetes of Smyrna
1763:
1762:
1678:
1677:
1640:Apollonius Cronus
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1305:
1304:
1229:
1228:
1150:Metrodorus of Cos
1072:
1071:
1059:
1058:
986:
985:
865:978-90-04-24518-1
812:978-0-19-928931-8
780:978-0-8061-3621-9
712:978-0-674-53918-1
590:Ancient testimony
319:Neopythagoreanism
303:Platonic idealism
198:Diogenes Laertius
102:
101:
2251:
2166:Second Sophistic
2141:Ammonius Hermiae
2046:Nigidius Figulus
1960:Philo of Larissa
1942:Academic Skeptic
1806:Sextus Empiricus
1774:
1773:
1623:
1622:
1582:Euclid of Megara
1461:
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1249:
1248:
1083:
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936:
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918:Proto-philosophy
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646:. Translated by
633:
622:
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578:
572:
561:
550:
544:
538:
532:
531:, p. 22-23.
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461:Suda, Pythagoras
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168:, she came from
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18:
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2089:Ammonius Saccas
2075:
2032:
1980:Middle Platonic
1974:
1936:
1888:
1879:Marcus Aurelius
1815:
1791:Timon of Phlius
1759:
1729:Aristotelianism
1711:
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1655:Diodorus Cronus
1621:
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821:Further reading
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307:Neopythagoreans
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230:Advice to Women
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45:
42:
31:
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17:
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2179:Dio Chrysostom
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2038:Neopythagorean
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1554:Phaedo of Elis
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839:(1): 160–171.
822:
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811:
805:. OUP Oxford.
796:
785:
779:
764:
745:
735:(3): 350–364.
724:
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691:
690:
689:
680:. Suda On Line
674:
665:. Suda On Line
659:
634:
623:
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299:Walter Burkert
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261:pseudepigrapha
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93:Pythagoreanism
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1912:Zeno of Sidon
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1745:Lyco of Troas
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1627:Dialecticians
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1021:
1019:
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989:
979:
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916:
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886:
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882:
867:
861:
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834:
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771:
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734:
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714:
708:
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703:
697:
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679:
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664:
660:
649:
648:Thomas Taylor
645:
644:
639:
635:
631:
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624:
620:
616:
615:
609:
604:
594:
593:
577:, p. 61.
576:
571:
569:
567:
559:
555:
549:
542:
537:
530:
529:Thesleff 1961
525:
523:
521:
513:
508:
506:
491:
487:
481:
474:
473:Laërtius 1925
469:
462:
457:
450:
445:
443:
441:
433:
427:
421:, p. 69.
420:
415:
413:
411:
409:
404:
396:
394:
390:
386:
385:Julius Pollux
382:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:To Nicostrate
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
334:
333:
330:
322:
320:
316:
312:
311:Neoplatonists
308:
304:
300:
295:
290:
288:
285:preserved in
284:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:On Pythagoras
231:
227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:Magna Graecia
191:
187:
183:
179:
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106:
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71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
38:
34:
27:
20:
2194:Philostratus
2081:Neoplatonist
1735:Theophrastus
1409:Dionysodorus
1366:Thrasymachus
1129:
992:Pre-Socratic
869:. Retrieved
854:
836:
832:
801:
790:
769:
756:. Retrieved
750:
732:
728:
716:. Retrieved
701:
682:. Retrieved
667:. Retrieved
663:"Puthagoras"
651:. Retrieved
642:
628:
612:
575:Burkert 1972
557:
553:
548:
541:Hercher 1873
536:
493:. Retrieved
489:
480:
468:
456:
449:Suda, Theano
431:
426:
393:οἰκοδεσπότης
388:
380:
378:
373:To Timonides
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
331:
328:
297:
292:
282:
280:
275:
269:golden ratio
258:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
219:
163:
104:
103:
1796:Aenesidemus
1769:Hellenistic
1717:Peripatetic
1635:Clinomachus
1473:Antisthenes
1087:Pythagorean
1038:Heraclitean
1023:Anaximander
940:Seven Sages
512:Deakin 2013
389:Onomasticon
381:To Timareta
355:To Callisto
349:To Eurydice
343:To Euclides
265:golden mean
250:Anthologium
202:Hermesianax
188:, and from
146:Pythagorean
2218:Categories
2151:Simplicius
2116:Iamblichus
2061:Nicomachus
1950:Arcesilaus
1917:Philodemus
1907:Metrodorus
1849:Posidonius
1839:Chrysippus
1778:Pyrrhonist
1702:Xenocrates
1697:Speusippus
1670:Panthoides
1511:Aristippus
1414:Euthydemus
1351:Protagoras
1324:Democritus
1287:Empedocles
1260:Anaxagoras
1211:Parmenides
1188:Xenophanes
1145:Hermotimus
1095:Pythagoras
1046:Heraclitus
1028:Anaximenes
930:Pherecydes
925:Epimenides
684:2023-05-04
669:2023-05-04
638:Iamblichus
626:Porphyry.
585:References
495:2024-03-01
430:Porphyry,
419:Plant 2004
367:To Rhodope
190:Metapontum
182:Iamblichus
180:quoted by
150:Pythagoras
63:Pythagoras
52:Metapontum
2184:Favorinus
2146:Damascius
1988:Antiochus
1955:Carneades
1922:Lucretius
1894:Epicurean
1869:Epictetus
1844:Panaetius
1834:Cleanthes
1725:Aristotle
1650:Dionysius
1645:Euphantus
1597:Eubulides
1559:Menedemus
1531:Anniceris
1437:Classical
1404:Lycophron
1399:Callicles
1319:Leucippus
1297:Pausanias
1265:Archelaus
1244:Pluralist
1140:Calliphon
1125:Brontinus
1105:Philolaus
973:Cleobulus
968:Periander
858:. BRILL.
845:0887-5367
337:To Eubule
238:On Virtue
210:Brontinus
186:Brontinus
154:Brontinus
67:Brontinus
2131:Syrianus
2111:Porphyry
2099:students
2094:Plotinus
2018:Alcinous
2013:Apuleius
2003:Plutarch
1902:Epicurus
1684:Platonic
1665:Alexinus
1612:Pasicles
1607:Nicarete
1587:Ichthyas
1574:Megarian
1546:Eretrian
1503:Cyrenaic
1488:Menippus
1478:Diogenes
1455:Xenophon
1449:students
1445:Socrates
1356:Prodicus
1221:Melissus
1193:Xeniades
1155:Arignote
1120:Alcmaeon
1115:Lamiskos
1110:Archytas
1100:Hippasus
1064:Diogenes
1051:Cratylus
1010:Milesian
958:Pittacus
678:"Theano"
605:(1925).
486:"Theano"
287:Stobaeus
283:On Piety
276:On Piety
254:epistles
246:On Piety
216:Writings
196:, while
174:Pythonax
166:Porphyry
2199:more...
2156:more...
2136:Proclus
2071:more...
2028:more...
1970:more...
1932:more...
1884:more...
1811:more...
1755:more...
1707:more...
1536:more...
1493:more...
1419:more...
1394:Gorgias
1386:Italian
1376:more...
1361:Hippias
1334:Sophist
1311:Atomist
1279:Italian
1203:Eleatic
1180:Skeptic
1170:more...
1165:Eurytus
1078:Italian
871:20 June
833:Hypatia
758:20 June
718:20 June
653:20 June
387:in his
325:Letters
305:of the
206:Crotone
2189:Lucian
2121:Julian
2106:Origen
1965:Cicero
1874:Arrian
1854:Seneca
1786:Pyrrho
1617:Bryson
1602:Stilpo
1483:Crates
1343:Ionian
1253:Ionian
1130:Theano
1018:Thales
1001:Ionian
978:Chilon
948:Thales
862:
843:
809:
777:
709:
600:
105:Theano
88:School
59:Spouse
48:Croton
23:Theano
2023:Galen
2008:Gaius
1821:Stoic
1692:Plato
1660:Philo
1465:Cynic
1371:Damon
1292:Acron
1234:Hippo
953:Solon
475:, 42.
399:Notes
170:Crete
142:Θεανώ
138:Greek
30:Θεανώ
1216:Zeno
1160:Myia
1135:Damo
963:Bias
873:2023
860:ISBN
841:ISSN
807:ISBN
775:ISBN
760:2023
720:2023
707:ISBN
655:2023
309:and
240:and
222:Suda
160:Life
36:Born
737:doi
434:, 4
192:in
77:Era
65:or
50:or
2220::
835:.
831:.
733:44
731:.
640:.
611:.
565:^
519:^
504:^
488:.
439:^
407:^
395:.
236:,
232:,
228:,
140::
136:;
129:oʊ
40:c.
1731:)
1727:(
1451:)
1447:(
903:e
896:t
889:v
875:.
847:.
837:4
815:.
794:.
783:.
762:.
743:.
739::
722:.
687:.
672:.
657:.
543:.
514:.
498:.
463:.
451:.
132:/
126:n
123:æ
120:ˈ
117:i
114:θ
111:/
107:(
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