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be blinded and spend the rest of his life as a monk. With
Michael V dealt with, Theodora refused to leave Hagia Sophia until she had received a formal invitation from Zoë, some 24 hours after they had been crowned. Officially Theodora was the junior empress, and her throne was situated slightly behind Zoë's on all public occasions. In practice she was the driving force behind the joint administration. The sisters administered the empire, focusing on curbing the sale of public offices and on the administration of justice. Although contemporary historian
467:
601:
387:. Otto III died before any marriage could occur. Basil II prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, calculating that such a marriage would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women, Theodora and Zoë were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage. Consequently, Theodora lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial
522:, on 11 June 1042, and the management of the empire reverted to him. Although Theodora and Zoë continued to be recognised as empresses, and although Theodora continued to appear at all official functions, power devolved onto her brother-in-law. Nevertheless, Theodora exerted influence at court, as demonstrated by her ordering the arrest and blinding of
51:
748:(who held considerable authority: This wife (Theodora) and husband (Justinian) consulted together about everything and had their own independent court, where officials, officers and clergy alternated between the Great Palace and the Hiria Palace to report and approve state affairs) and the previous empress regnant
486:, and on 19 April 1042, the people revolted against Michael V in support of not only Zoë, but Theodora as well. Michael V, desperate to keep his throne, initially brought Zoë back from Princes' Island and displayed her to the people, but the population rejected his proposal that he continue to rule alongside Zoë.
505:
and the people demanded that the two sisters should jointly reign. As her first act
Theodora was called upon to deal with Michael V. Zoë, weak and easily manipulated, wanted to pardon and free Michael, but Theodora was far more strict. She initially guaranteed Michael's safety before ordering that he
332:
after Zoë's death in 1050. When
Constantine died, the 74-year-old Theodora returned to the throne despite fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For 16 months she ruled as empress in her own right before succumbing to a sudden illness and dying at 76. She was the last ruler of
493:
Constantine
Cabasilas, went to the monastery at Petrion to convince Theodora to become co-empress. Theodora, accustomed to a life of religious contemplation, rejected their pleas out of hand, and fled to the convent chapel to seek sanctuary. Constantine and his retinue pursued her, forcibly dragged
687:
whose main attraction was that "he was less qualified to rule than he was to be ruled and directed by others". Theodora was unable to speak, but
Paraspondylos decided that she had nodded at an appropriate moment. Hearing of this the Patriarch refused to believe it. Eventually he was persuaded and
682:
When
Theodora was seventy-six, the patriarch Michael Keroularios advocated that Theodora advance a subject to the throne through marriage to her, in order to assure a succession. She refused to consider marriage, no matter how token. She also refused to name an heir to the throne. Theodora became
517:
Although
Theodora and Zoë appeared together at meetings of the Senate or when they gave public audiences, it was soon apparent that their joint reign was under considerable strain. Still jealous of Theodora, Zoë had no desire to administer the empire, but she would not allow Theodora to conduct
404:
to allow
Romanos to marry into the imperial family. Theodora further claimed that since Romanos and she were third cousins, it was too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Theodora's sister. Zoë married Romanos three days before her father died.
529:
Constantine IX's preferential treatment of his mistress in the early part of his reign caused rumours that he was planning to murder
Theodora and Zoë. This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which came dangerously close to actually harming Constantine who was
518:
public business alone. Court factions formed behind each empress. After two months of increasing acrimony between them, Zoë decided to search for a new husband, thereby denying
Theodora the opportunity to increase her influence through her obvious talents for governing. She eventually married
683:
gravely ill with an intestinal disorder in late August 1056. On 31 August her advisors, chaired by Leo Paraspondylos, met to decide whom to recommend to her as a successor. According to Psellus, they selected Michael Bringas, an aged civil servant and former
635:. However, Theodora preempted their plans when, despite her advanced age, she vigorously asserted her right to rule. She came out of retirement and convened the Senate, and the imperial guard proclaimed her "emperor" shortly before Constantine's death.
429:, with its daily religious routines. Still, Zoë persuaded her husband to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora's household, with orders to spy on her. Shortly afterwards, Theodora was accused of plotting to marry the Bulgarian prince
667:
were replaced with minor functionaries. Determined to centralize as much power in her hands as possible, she presided in person in the Senate and heard appeals as supreme judge in civil cases. Her appointment of clerics offended the Patriarch
498:, the people escorted the now furious Theodora and proclaimed her empress with Zoë. They were both crowned at dawn on 21 April. After the ceremony, the mob stormed the palace, forcing Michael V to escape to a monastery.
530:
participating in a religious procession along the streets of Constantinople. The mob was only quieted by the appearance on a balcony of Zoë and Theodora, who reassured the mob they were in no danger of assassination.
453:
of Petrion. During a visit, Zoë compelled her sister to "assume the monastic habit." Theodora remained there for the next 11 years as Zoë managed the empire with her husbands Romanos III and, after his death,
552:
655:
Theodora controlled the nobles and checked numerous abuses. She damaged her reputation, however, with excessive severity toward private enemies and undue employment of such menials as
579:
526:, the powerful administrator who had been the chief minister of Romanos III, the brother of Michael IV, and the uncle of Michael V; he had lived in exile after the fall of Michael V.
368:, "born into the purple"; the appellation for a child born in the capital to a reigning emperor. Her father became co-emperor in 962 and sole emperor upon the death of his brother
396:
Intelligent and possessing a strong and austere character, Theodora defied Constantine—by then, sole emperor—by refusing to marry the man her father had chosen to succeed him,
652:
apparently wanted to proclaim emperor instead, was dismissed and exiled on Theodora's orders, after which she confiscated his estates and banished his supporters from court.
17:
489:
Key members of the court decided that flighty Zoë needed a co-ruler, and backed the people's demand that it should be Theodora. A delegation, headed by the
3700:
619:, leaving Constantine IX to rule alone until his own death on 11 January 1055. As Constantine lay dying, he was persuaded by his councilors, chiefly the
675:
During Theodora's sole ruling period, her coins and seals bear the inscription 'Theodora, δέσποινα (déspoina) and porphyrogenita' and 'Theodora,
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3705:
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536:
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1911:
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on charges of attempted regicide. This treatment of the legitimate heir to the Macedonian dynasty caused a popular uprising in
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2705:
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1249:
1225:
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1083:
1037:
852:
822:
792:
283:
2738:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
638:
A purge of senior officials and the leadership of the European military units followed. Nikephoros Proteuon was arrested at
3710:
1918:
286:
from 21 April 1042 to her death on 31 August 1056, and sole ruler from 11 January 1055. She was the last sovereign of the
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2541:
1120:
567:
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and sent to a monastery; Theodora was not punished. In 1031 she was implicated in a similar conspiracy, this time with
3041:
1149:
799:
Tʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀᴀ, daughter of Constantine VIII, 11 Jan. 1055—31 Aug. 1056 (with her sister Zoe, 21 April 1042—11 June 1042).
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2507:
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in 1025. His reign as sole emperor lasted less than three years, from 15 December 1025 to 12 November 1028.
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in 1031. A decade later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael IV's nephew and successor,
313:, kept Theodora closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the
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692:. Theodora died a few hours later and with her death, the Macedonian dynasty's 189-year rule ended.
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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With Michael IV's death in December 1041, Zoë adopted Michael's nephew, who was crowned as
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Zoë immediately assumed power and tried to force Theodora back to her monastery, but the
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306:
470:
Miniature with the portraits of Zoë (left), Constantine IX (center) and Theodora (left).
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478:. Although he promised to respect Zoë, he promptly banished her to a monastery on the
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As an eligible imperial princess, Theodora was considered as a possible bride for the
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2012:
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56:
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50:
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1933:
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her out and exchanged her monastic clothes for imperial ones. At an assembly at
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stated that they conscientiously rectified the abuses of the previous reigns.
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2715:
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2219:
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1184:
1159:
1115:
328:, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. Theodora seemingly retired to a
2943:
2855:
2460:
2255:
2187:
2182:
2172:
1995:
1857:
1498:
1241:
1200:
1185:"Women Where They Ought Not to Be? Revising the View of the Medieval World"
1093:
639:
604:
495:
558:
Zoë (left), Constantine IX (centre), and Theodora (right) depicted on the
425:
With the accession of Romanos, Theodora prudently retreated back into the
2890:
2324:
2199:
2149:
2074:
1648:
1595:
1538:
741:
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as her advisors. Military and court offices were filled by her household
1130:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
611:, with Zoë standing to the right and Constantine IX standing to the left
3111:
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2225:
2137:
2052:
1812:
1805:
1752:
1732:
1677:
1642:
1635:
1580:
1545:
1408:
1356:
841:
Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present
689:
346:
1394:
3168:
3013:
2815:
2127:
2079:
1989:
1976:
1763:
1692:
1665:
1660:
1629:
1575:
1523:
1458:
1453:
625:
John, to ignore the rights of Theodora and to pass the throne to the
450:
389:
838:
Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020).
400:, stating that Romanos was already married—his wife having become a
3324:
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3132:
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2983:
2395:
2177:
2069:
2022:
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1964:
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1819:
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1585:
1533:
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1503:
1468:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
369:
814:
Satire in the Middle Byzantine Period: The Golden Age of Laughter?
354:
Theodora was the third and youngest daughter of Byzantine Emperor
3279:
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2870:
2329:
2032:
1939:
1852:
1707:
1483:
616:
446:
412:
329:
219:
3173:
3019:
2101:
1958:
1840:
1612:
1478:
784:
Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum
660:
615:
After Zoë's death in 1050, Theodora seems to have retired to a
442:
1165:
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204
383:, in 996. However, she was overlooked in favour of her sister
3076:
2795:
1702:
1473:
1463:
1443:
1448:
1438:
321:, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside Zoë.
923:
627:
401:
301:. After Theodora's father died in 1028, her older sister
350:
depicting Basil II and Constantine VIII holding a cross
777:
699:
837:
270:
672:, who considered this the duty of men, not women.
2775:
1029:Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe
3652:
1144:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
810:
510:claimed the joint reign was a complete failure,
1022:
998:
811:Marciniak, Przemysław; Nilsson, Ingela (2020).
297:Theodora was the youngest daughter of Emperor
2761:
1380:
1109:History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057
3635:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1237:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
55:Depiction of Theodora Porphyrogenita on the
1032:. Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
982:
980:
978:
787:. Vol. 1. Рипол Классик. p. 682.
631:(Duke) of the Byzantine Theme of Bulgaria,
433:and usurp the throne with him. Presian was
3701:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
2768:
2754:
1387:
1373:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
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966:
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773:
771:
769:
585:15th-century portrait of Theodora in the
1182:
1114:
975:
956:
954:
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950:
948:
946:
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942:
940:
938:
599:
465:
449:. Theodora was forcibly confined in the
407:
340:
14:
3653:
1075:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
883:
861:
766:
461:
282: – 31 August 1056) was
18:Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
2749:
1368:
1078:. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
935:
42:Empress and Autocratess of the Romans
1168:. London & New York: Routledge.
1111:, William Blackwood & Sons, 1853
1101:
324:After 65 days Zoë married again, to
27:Byzantine empress from 1042 to 1056
24:
1183:Mitchell, Linda Elizabeth (2004).
1141:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1055:
1050:
595:
25:
3742:
1258:
3686:11th-century Byzantine empresses
702:
578:
566:
551:
535:
415:of Theodora, miniature from the
49:
3706:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
3681:11th-century Byzantine emperors
1016:
1007:
989:
3691:11th-century empresses regnant
831:
804:
730:
663:, and such able commanders as
13:
1:
3666:1050s in the Byzantine Empire
3661:1040s in the Byzantine Empire
3643:incidates an empress regnant.
1244:: Stanford University Press,
1234:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997),
1216:Norwich, John Julius (1993),
573:Golden seal of Theodora, 1056
336:
276:
179:
3726:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
3676:10th-century Byzantine women
3473:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
759:
75:21 April 1042 – 11 June 1042
7:
3711:Byzantine empresses regnant
695:
360:Helena, daughter of Alypius
305:co-ruled with her husbands
271:
211:Church of the Holy Apostles
10:
3747:
2660:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2611:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2498:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1189:Journal of Women's History
1013:Garland (1999), pp. 165–66
718:List of Byzantine emperors
3630:
3597:
3508:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3226:
3147:
3095:
3009:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2982:
2926:
2784:
2736:
2668:
2633:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2601:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2426:Constantine IX Monomachos
2114:
2011:
1894:
1721:
1559:
1407:
1353:
1344:
1336:
1326:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1272:
1072:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
847:. ABC-CLIO. p. 307.
685:military finance minister
546:of Zoë and Theodora, 1042
260:
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230:
218:
205:
192:
175:
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137:
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119:
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89:
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71:
66:Byzantine empress regnant
64:
48:
39:
34:
2596:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1274:Theodora Porphyrogenita
1026:, Robert (9 July 2020).
736:Sometimes enumerated as
723:
272:Theodṓra Porphyrogénnētē
3426:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3032:Flavia Julia Constantia
2451:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2085:Tiberius II Constantine
1127:Encyclopædia Britannica
710:Byzantine Empire portal
688:Bringas was crowned as
642:and forcibly tonsured.
253:Theodora Porphyrogenita
35:Theodora Porphyrogenita
2949:Marcia Otacilia Severa
2606:Michael IX Palaiologos
1201:10.1353/jowh.2004.0031
817:. Brill. p. 386.
612:
471:
422:
351:
294:for almost 200 years.
261:Θεοδώρα Πορφυρογέννητη
3513:Theodora Palaiologina
3483:Anna Komnene Angelina
3421:Catherine of Bulgaria
3352:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
2821:Agrippina the Younger
2700:Thessalonian emperors
2694:Trapezuntine emperors
2655:John VIII Palaiologos
2650:Manuel II Palaiologos
2621:John VI Kantakouzenos
2537:Andronikos I Komnenos
2374:Constantine Lekapenos
1402:and empresses regnant
1218:Byzantium: The Apogee
779:Warwick William Wroth
679:and porphyrogenita'.
622:logothetes tou dromou
603:
469:
411:
344:
333:the Macedonian line.
299:Constantine VIII
3584:Sophia of Montferrat
3503:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3362:Theophano Martinakia
3270:Theodora of Khazaria
2903:Julia Cornelia Paula
2866:Faustina the Younger
2638:John VII Palaiologos
2586:Theodore II Laskaris
2446:Constantine X Doukas
2386:Nikephoros II Phokas
644:Nikephoros Bryennios
439:Constantine Diogenes
393:(women's quarters).
139:Byzantine co-empress
3562:Keratsa of Bulgaria
3545:Helena Kantakouzene
3525:Irene of Montferrat
3488:Philippa of Armenia
3468:Margaret of Hungary
3320:Theophano of Athens
3139:Julius Nepos's wife
2954:Herennia Etruscilla
2777:Roman and Byzantine
2569:Theodore I Laskaris
2554:Alexios III Angelos
2532:Alexios II Komnenos
2456:Romanos IV Diogenes
2411:Romanos III Argyros
2357:Romanos I Lekapenos
1220:, London: Penguin,
843:[3 volumes]
670:Michael Keroularios
646:, whom the western
633:Nikephoros Proteuon
607:mosaic of a seated
462:Co-empress with Zoë
326:Constantine IX
3716:Macedonian dynasty
3589:Maria of Trebizond
3555:Irene Palaiologina
3535:Irene of Brunswick
3493:Maria of Courtenay
3453:Bertha of Sulzbach
2861:Faustina the Elder
2836:Statilia Messalina
2688:Britannic emperors
2682:Palmyrene emperors
2616:John V Palaiologos
2559:Alexios IV Angelos
2508:Constantine Doukas
2503:Alexios I Komnenos
2491:Constantine Doukas
2474:Michael VII Doukas
2436:Michael VI Bringas
2002:Romulus Augustulus
1625:Trebonianus Gallus
1618:Herennius Etruscus
1400:Byzantine emperors
1279:Macedonian dynasty
1136:Kazhdan, Alexander
931:Zoe Porphyrogenita
613:
609:Christ Pantocrator
588:Mutinensis gr. 122
472:
423:
377:Holy Roman Emperor
352:
288:Macedonian dynasty
3648:
3647:
3617:Byzantine emperor
3446:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3222:
3221:
3026:Valeria Maximilla
2964:Cornelia Salonina
2918:Sallustia Orbiana
2743:
2742:
2581:John III Vatatzes
2527:Manuel I Komnenos
2266:Michael I Rangabe
2110:
2109:
1952:Petronius Maximus
1551:Severus Alexander
1519:Septimius Severus
1363:
1362:
1354:Succeeded by
1347:Byzantine Empress
1327:Succeeded by
1315:Byzantine Empress
1251:978-0-8047-2630-6
1227:978-0-14-011448-5
1175:978-0-415-14688-3
1102:Secondary sources
1085:978-3-11-002285-8
1039:978-1-108-49067-2
995:Norwich 276, 279.
986:Treadgold (1997).
854:978-1-4408-4693-9
824:978-90-04-44256-6
794:978-5-87507-066-2
657:Leo Paraspondylos
290:, that ruled the
284:Byzantine Empress
269:
250:
249:
113:11 January 1055 –
16:(Redirected from
3738:
3721:Porphyrogennetoi
3567:Irene Gattilusio
3478:Eudokia Angelina
3458:Maria of Antioch
3441:Irene of Hungary
3377:Zoe Karbonopsina
3357:Eudokia Ingerina
3230:Byzantine Empire
3093:
3092:
2938:Caecilia Paulina
2896:Fulvia Plautilla
2886:Manlia Scantilla
2876:Bruttia Crispina
2811:Milonia Caesonia
2770:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2591:John IV Laskaris
2564:Alexios V Doukas
2549:Isaac II Angelos
2515:John II Komnenos
2441:Isaac I Komnenos
2401:Constantine VIII
2391:John I Tzimiskes
2118:Byzantine Empire
1892:
1891:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1337:Preceded by
1305:Preceded by
1295:
1288:
1270:
1269:
1265:Theodora coinage
1254:
1230:
1212:
1179:
1155:
1131:
1123:
1121:"Theodora"
1097:
1044:
1043:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
973:
970:
933:
927:
921:
918:
881:
878:
859:
858:
835:
829:
828:
808:
802:
801:
775:
753:
734:
712:
707:
706:
705:
582:
570:
560:Monomachus Crown
555:
539:
480:Princes' Islands
418:Madrid Skylitzes
356:Constantine VIII
307:Romanos III
292:Byzantine Empire
281:
278:
274:
264:
262:
235:Constantine VIII
213:, Constantinople
199:
184:
181:
57:Monomachos Crown
53:
32:
31:
21:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3626:
3593:
3530:Rita of Armenia
3518:Anna of Hungary
3498:Irene Laskarina
3463:Agnes of France
3431:Maria of Alania
3382:Helena Lekapene
3232:
3229:
3218:
3151:
3143:
3127:Marcia Euphemia
3122:Licinia Eudoxia
3099:
3091:
3082:Aelia Flaccilla
3004:Galeria Valeria
2986:
2978:
2959:Cornelia Supera
2930:
2922:
2851:Pompeia Plotina
2846:Domitia Longina
2841:Galeria Fundana
2826:Claudia Octavia
2801:Livia Orestilla
2788:
2780:
2774:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2676:Gallic emperors
2664:
2352:Constantine VII
2133:Constantine III
2120:
2117:
2106:
2015:
2007:
1946:Valentinian III
1934:Constantius III
1928:Priscus Attalus
1912:Constantine III
1898:
1890:
1780:Valerius Valens
1725:
1717:
1563:
1555:
1514:Didius Julianus
1494:Marcus Aurelius
1411:
1403:
1393:
1359:
1350:
1342:
1332:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1261:
1252:
1233:
1228:
1215:
1176:
1158:
1152:
1134:
1107:George Finlay,
1104:
1086:
1071:
1062:Michael Psellus
1058:
1056:Primary sources
1053:
1051:General sources
1048:
1047:
1040:
1024:Robert Bartlett
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:Finlay, pg. 503
1003:
999:
994:
990:
985:
976:
971:
936:
928:
924:
919:
884:
879:
862:
855:
836:
832:
825:
809:
805:
795:
776:
767:
762:
757:
756:
735:
731:
726:
708:
703:
701:
698:
598:
596:Return to power
591:
583:
574:
571:
562:
556:
547:
540:
524:John the Eunuch
508:Michael Psellus
464:
421:, 12th century.
398:Romanos Argyros
339:
311:Michael IV
279:
214:
200:
197:
196:31 August 1056
185:
182:
148:
142:
114:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3646:
3645:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3577:Anna of Moscow
3569:
3564:
3559:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3438:
3436:Irene Doukaina
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Eudokia Baïana
3369:
3367:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3310:Maria of Amnia
3307:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:Eastern Empire
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Galla Placidia
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3097:Western Empire
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2969:Ulpia Severina
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2913:Annia Faustina
2910:
2908:Aquilia Severa
2905:
2900:
2888:
2883:
2881:Flavia Titiana
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Poppaea Sabina
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:Lollia Paulina
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2789:27 BC – AD 235
2782:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2635:
2630:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2495:
2471:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Theodora (III)
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2327:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2293:
2281:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Constantine VI
2243:
2238:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Theodosius III
2207:
2202:
2197:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2155:Constantine IV
2152:
2147:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:Eastern Empire
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:Western Empire
1889:
1888:
1881:
1869:Magnus Maximus
1865:
1863:Valentinian II
1860:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1795:Constantius II
1792:
1790:Constantine II
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Antoninus Pius
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1412:27 BC – AD 235
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1343:
1340:Constantine IX
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:Constantine IX
1328:
1325:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:Regnal titles
1297:
1296:
1294:31 August 1056
1276:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1259:External links
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1231:
1226:
1213:
1195:(1): 183–189.
1180:
1174:
1160:Garland, Lynda
1156:
1150:
1138:, ed. (1991).
1132:
1118:, ed. (1911).
1116:Chisholm, Hugh
1112:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1084:
1069:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
974:
934:
922:
882:
860:
853:
830:
823:
803:
793:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
728:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
714:
713:
697:
694:
665:Isaac Komnenos
597:
594:
593:
592:
584:
577:
575:
572:
565:
563:
557:
550:
548:
541:
534:
520:Constantine IX
512:John Scylitzes
484:Constantinople
463:
460:
365:Porphyrogenita
338:
335:
319:Michael V
315:Sea of Marmara
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
209:
207:
203:
202:
201:Constantinople
194:
190:
189:
187:Constantinople
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:Constantine IX
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
145:Constantine IX
141:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
123:Constantine IX
121:
117:
116:
115:31 August 1056
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
94:Constantine IX
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3743:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:Roman emperor
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3572:Helena Dragaš
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3550:Irene Asanina
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Anna of Savoy
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Fabia Eudokia
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Ino Anastasia
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Aelia Eudocia
3162:
3160:
3159:Aelia Eudoxia
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Marina Severa
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:Magnia Urbica
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2735:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2313:Theodora (II)
2311:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:Constantine V
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Anastasius II
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2086:
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2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
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2059:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Theodosius II
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Valentinian I
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:Constantine I
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Constantius I
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:0-19-504652-8
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:Chronographia
1063:
1060:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
981:
979:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
932:
926:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
856:
850:
846:
845:
842:
834:
826:
820:
816:
815:
807:
800:
796:
790:
786:
785:
780:
774:
772:
770:
765:
751:
750:Theodora (II)
747:
743:
739:
733:
729:
719:
716:
715:
711:
700:
693:
691:
686:
680:
678:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
650:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
610:
606:
602:
590:
589:
581:
576:
569:
564:
561:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
532:
531:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
504:
499:
497:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
468:
459:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
394:
392:
391:
386:
382:
379:in the west,
378:
373:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
349:
348:
343:
334:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
273:
267:
258:
254:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
188:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3575:
3553:
3516:
3444:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3344:
3302:
3294:
3131:
3024:
2944:Tranquillina
2894:
2856:Vibia Sabina
2643:Andronikos V
2641:
2624:
2572:
2540:
2518:
2506:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2465:
2459:
2430:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2333:
2316:
2304:
2287:
2275:
2269:
2256:Nikephoros I
2231:
2230:
2224:
2191:
2188:Justinian II
2183:Tiberius III
2173:Justinian II
2164:
2158:
2141:
2093:
2065:Anastasius I
2056:
2000:
1996:Julius Nepos
1988:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1858:Theodosius I
1845:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1775:Maximinus II
1762:
1664:
1647:
1634:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1537:
1499:Lucius Verus
1345:
1313:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1242:Stanford, CA
1236:
1217:
1192:
1188:
1164:
1139:
1125:
1108:
1074:
1065:
1028:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
930:
925:
844:
840:
833:
813:
806:
798:
783:
746:Theodora (I)
738:Theodora III
737:
732:
681:
674:
654:
647:
640:Thessalonica
637:
626:
620:
614:
605:Hagia Sophia
586:
543:
528:
516:
500:
496:Hagia Sophia
488:
473:
426:
424:
416:
395:
388:
374:
363:
353:
345:
323:
296:
252:
251:
40:
29:
3696:980s births
3671:1056 deaths
3637:underlining
3209:Constantina
2891:Julia Domna
2702:(1224–1242)
2696:(1204–1461)
2485:Konstantios
2362:Christopher
2335:Constantine
2325:Michael III
2306:Constantine
2289:Constantine
2271:Theophylact
2200:Philippicus
2150:Constans II
2075:Justinian I
1971:Severus III
1919:Constans II
1673:Claudius II
1649:Silbannacus
1596:Gordian III
1571:Maximinus I
1539:Diadumenian
742:Justinian I
167:(1042–1055)
120:Predecessor
80:Predecessor
3655:Categories
3340:Euphrosyne
3112:Thermantia
3072:Constantia
2786:Principate
2479:Andronikos
2467:Nikephoros
2416:Michael IV
2381:Romanos II
2301:Theophilos
2296:Michael II
2277:Staurakios
2261:Staurakios
2233:Nikephoros
2226:Artabasdos
2138:Heraclonas
2095:Theodosius
2053:Basiliscus
1813:Nepotianus
1806:Magnentius
1800:Constans I
1753:Severus II
1733:Diocletian
1678:Quintillus
1643:Aemilianus
1636:Volusianus
1581:Gordian II
1546:Elagabalus
1409:Principate
1357:Michael VI
1351:1055–1056
690:Michael VI
544:histamenon
456:Michael IV
362:. She was
347:Histamenon
337:Early life
280: 980
225:Macedonian
183: 980
132:Michael VI
100:Co-monarch
3392:Theophano
3330:Theodosia
3305:of Athens
3260:Anastasia
3169:Pulcheria
3014:Minervina
2816:Messalina
2779:empresses
2721:Classical
2706:Empresses
2690:(286–296)
2684:(267–273)
2678:(260–274)
2421:Michael V
2347:Alexander
2160:Heraclius
2128:Heraclius
2080:Justin II
1990:Glycerius
1977:Anthemius
1847:Procopius
1785:Martinian
1764:Maxentius
1693:Florianus
1666:Saloninus
1661:Gallienus
1630:Hostilian
1606:Philip II
1576:Gordian I
1524:Caracalla
1459:Vespasian
1454:Vitellius
1308:Michael V
1209:144044065
929:Garland,
760:Citations
491:patrician
476:Michael V
451:monastery
427:gynaeceum
390:gynaeceum
266:romanized
198:(aged 76)
156:1042–1055
128:Successor
110:2nd reign
90:Successor
84:Michael V
72:1st reign
3731:Augustae
3622:Augustae
3598:See also
3415:Theodora
3397:Theodora
3387:Theodora
3346:Theodora
3325:Prokopia
3315:Theodote
3250:Gregoria
3233:610–1453
3228:Eastern/
3194:Theodora
3189:Euphemia
3133:Placidia
3042:Faustina
2999:Eutropia
2984:Dominate
2716:Usurpers
2711:Augustae
2669:See also
2574:Nicholas
2396:Basil II
2193:Tiberius
2178:Leontius
2166:Tiberius
2143:Tiberius
2121:610–1453
2116:Eastern/
2070:Justin I
2023:Arcadius
1983:Olybrius
1965:Majorian
1906:Honorius
1885:Eugenius
1820:Vetranio
1770:Licinius
1743:Galerius
1738:Maximian
1723:Dominate
1713:Numerian
1683:Aurelian
1656:Valerian
1601:Philip I
1591:Balbinus
1586:Pupienus
1534:Macrinus
1509:Pertinax
1504:Commodus
1469:Domitian
1434:Claudius
1429:Caligula
1424:Tiberius
1419:Augustus
1162:(1999).
781:(1908).
744:'s wife
740:, after
696:See also
381:Otto III
370:Basil II
3633:Italics
3290:Eudokia
3280:Tzitzak
3265:Eudokia
3245:Martina
3214:Leontia
3184:Zenonis
3179:Ariadne
3152:395–610
3100:395–480
3067:Domnica
3062:Justina
3052:Charito
3037:Eusebia
2987:284–610
2931:235–285
2871:Lucilla
2726:Eastern
2626:Matthew
2520:Alexios
2368:Stephen
2330:Basil I
2215:Leo III
2090:Maurice
2033:Marcian
2016:395–610
1940:Joannes
1899:395–480
1853:Gratian
1726:284–610
1708:Carinus
1688:Tacitus
1564:235–285
1484:Hadrian
1094:1025783
972:Finlay.
920:Norwich
880:Kazhdan
677:Augusta
661:eunuchs
649:tagmata
617:convent
447:Sirmium
435:blinded
431:Presian
413:Tonsure
330:convent
268::
220:Dynasty
161:Emperor
143:(under
3402:Helena
3335:Thekla
3255:Fausta
3199:Sophia
3174:Verina
3047:Helena
3020:Fausta
2994:Prisca
2928:Crisis
2488:&
2464:&
2371:&
2342:Leo VI
2318:Thekla
2274:&
2241:Leo IV
2163:&
2102:Phocas
2058:Marcus
2043:Leo II
1959:Avitus
1876:Victor
1841:Valens
1831:Jovian
1826:Julian
1698:Probus
1633:&
1613:Decius
1561:Crisis
1479:Trajan
1290:
1248:
1224:
1207:
1172:
1148:
1092:
1082:
1036:
851:
821:
791:
503:Senate
443:Archon
441:, the
245:Helena
241:Mother
231:Father
206:Burial
3303:Irene
3285:Maria
3275:Maria
3107:Maria
3087:Galla
3077:Laeta
2796:Livia
2284:Leo V
2251:Irene
2038:Leo I
1703:Carus
1474:Nerva
1464:Titus
1444:Galba
1396:Roman
1321:with
1292:Died:
1285:Born:
1205:S2CID
724:Notes
542:Gold
257:Greek
153:Reign
3641:bold
3610:list
3574:(w.
3552:(w.
3515:(w.
3443:(w.
3296:Anna
2893:(w.
2640:(w.
2623:(w.
2571:(w.
2542:John
2539:(w.
2517:(w.
2505:(w.
2476:(w.
2458:(w.
2359:(w.
2332:(w.
2315:(w.
2303:(w.
2286:(w.
2268:(w.
2229:(w.
2190:(w.
2157:(w.
2140:(w.
2092:(w.
2055:(w.
2048:Zeno
1915:(w.
1872:(w.
1663:(w.
1627:(w.
1615:(w.
1603:(w.
1536:(w.
1529:Geta
1449:Otho
1439:Nero
1398:and
1319:1042
1246:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1090:OCLC
1080:ISBN
1034:ISBN
849:ISBN
819:ISBN
789:ISBN
628:doux
358:and
309:and
193:Died
176:Born
3408:Zoë
3016:(?)
2940:(?)
2461:Leo
2406:Zoe
1652:(?)
1323:Zoe
1287:984
1197:doi
445:of
402:nun
385:Zoë
303:Zoë
104:Zoe
3657::
2482:,
2365:,
1240:,
1203:.
1193:16
1191:.
1187:.
1124:.
1088:.
1064:,
977:^
937:^
885:^
863:^
797:.
768:^
458:.
277:c.
275:;
263:,
259::
180:c.
147:)
3580:)
3558:)
3521:)
3449:)
2899:)
2769:e
2762:t
2755:v
2646:)
2629:)
2577:)
2545:)
2523:)
2511:)
2494:)
2470:)
2377:)
2338:)
2321:)
2309:)
2292:)
2280:)
2237:)
2196:)
2169:)
2146:)
2098:)
2061:)
1923:)
1880:)
1669:)
1639:)
1621:)
1609:)
1542:)
1388:e
1381:t
1374:v
1211:.
1199::
1178:.
1154:.
1096:.
1068:.
1042:.
857:.
827:.
752:.
255:(
59:.
20:)
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