128:
the fusion of the German Social
Democrats with the Lassalleans, complaining about the reintroduction of utopian socialism into the movement ("which for tens of years we have been clearing out of the German workers’ heads with so much toil and labour") by "a whole gang of half-mature students and super-wise doctors who want to give socialism a “higher ideal” orientation, that is to say, to replace its materialistic basis (which demands serious objective study from anyone who tries to use it) by modern mythology with its goddesses of Justice, Freedom, Equality and Fraternity." As their influence persisted, Engels remarked in a similar vein:
132:"we have ... quite given up all traffic with the people who want to smuggle this nonsense and these arselickers into the Party ... It will soon be time to come out against the philanthropic upper and lower middle class types, students and professors, who are penetrating the German Party and want to dilute the proletariat's class struggle against its oppressors into a universal human brotherhood organisation" (Engels to Becker, September 8, 1879)
100:"The Communists, therefore, are on the one hand, practically, the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement."
81:
have only to take note of what is happening before their eyes and to become its mouthpiece". Once they grasp that poverty is not simply poverty but that it has "a revolutionary, subversive side, which will overthrow the old society", science - Communist thinking, to the extent that it incorporates this subversive side - "has ceased to be doctrinaire and has become revolutionary."
17:
145:
First, in order to be of use to the proletarian movement these people must also bring real cultural elements to it. But with the great majority of the German bourgeois converts that is not the case. ... there are about as many points of view among these gentry as there are heads; instead of producing
80:
When capitalism was relatively immature and the struggle of the working class undeveloped, their thinking took utopian forms and they would "improvise systems and go in search of regenerative forms". However, as capitalism matured and the independent class struggle of the proletariat developed, "they
151:
Secondly. If people of this kind from other classes join the proletarian movement, the first condition is that they should not bring any remnants of bourgeois, petty-bourgeois, etc., prejudices with them but should whole-heartedly adopt the proletarian point of view. But these gentlemen, as has been
127:
By contrast Marx and Engels were extremely wary of the role of what may be described as 'professional theoreticians', however learned, who were only tenuously familiar with their theory and not tied to the struggles of the working class. Thus we find Marx writing to Sorge in
October 1877, following
140:"It is an inevitable phenomenon, rooted in the course of development, that people from what have hitherto been the ruling classes should also join the militant proletariat and contribute cultural elements to it. We clearly stated this in the Manifesto. But here there are two points to be noted:
104:
To the extent that they are theoreticians, they are 'practical theoreticians', not abstractly analysing society in general or some facet of it, but devoted to understanding and clarifying "the line of march" of the proletarian movement. Henceforth, this was the task which Marx and Engels, the
146:
clarity in a single case they have only produced desperate confusion – fortunately almost exclusively among themselves. Cultural elements whose first principle is to teach what they have not learnt can be very well dispensed with by the Party.
124:, as the armoury from which they will take their most telling arguments." In other reviews and correspondence Marx and Engels emphasise over and over the importance of this theoretical work for arming the working class.
88:"He wants to soar as the man of science above the bourgeois and the proletarians; he is merely the petty bourgeois, continually tossed back and forth between capital and labour, political economy and communism."
84:
Marx contrasted this scientific, partisan role of the proletarian theoreticians, with the superficial neutrality of
Proudhon, who attempted to rise above both Political Economy and Communism:
65:(1847), Marx equated Socialists and Communists as "theoreticians" of the proletarian class, analogous to the "economists", "scientific representatives" of the bourgeois class: "Just as the
493:
1150:
486:
761:
741:
557:
934:
776:
479:
1110:
96:, Marx and Engels no longer talk of the Communists simply as theoreticians, but emphasise that this one facet of their activity:
974:
716:
1135:
969:
69:" - referring to the classical Political Economists - "are the scientific representatives of the bourgeois class, so the
152:
proved, are stuffed and crammed with bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideas." ('Circular Letter', September 17–18, 1879)
751:
617:
1191:
1165:
1120:
1062:
577:
831:
1037:
924:
726:
1212:
1105:
889:
826:
682:
657:
622:
238:
821:
1090:
1032:
120:, he emphasised its importance for the German Social-Democrats, describing "the present book as their
919:
836:
642:
61:
429:
Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels, Selected Works, Volume One, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1983, p120.
984:
944:
438:
Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels, Collected Works, Volume 20, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1985, p210
1160:
811:
527:
979:
627:
582:
447:
Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels, Letters to Americans, International Publishers, 1969, p116-117
1155:
959:
899:
637:
542:
353:
731:
333:
1140:
1047:
1004:
964:
876:
652:
547:
8:
1057:
909:
791:
756:
736:
692:
687:
552:
93:
48:
1170:
994:
866:
806:
796:
647:
612:
522:
298:
293:
278:
116:
471:
1100:
1052:
894:
861:
801:
766:
662:
597:
537:
456:
Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels, On Reformism, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1984, p244
420:
Karl Marx, The
Poverty of Philosophy, International Publishers, New York, 1992, p92ff
378:
373:
223:
193:
243:
1175:
1095:
1072:
999:
884:
846:
702:
672:
348:
343:
268:
228:
183:
173:
1145:
697:
567:
338:
288:
233:
213:
989:
954:
771:
632:
607:
602:
592:
562:
388:
368:
358:
303:
253:
208:
188:
178:
1206:
1130:
949:
851:
841:
746:
363:
328:
318:
273:
198:
35:
is an individual who observes and writes about the condition or dynamics of
136:
Less pithily Marx and Engels explained their position to the party leaders:
1067:
1009:
816:
781:
677:
383:
323:
258:
168:
1042:
1014:
786:
587:
532:
263:
248:
110:
1024:
904:
572:
308:
283:
218:
203:
163:
1125:
1115:
939:
929:
856:
313:
44:
36:
20:
401:
512:
40:
28:
1082:
914:
16:
501:
105:pre-eminent Marxist theoreticians, set themselves.
77:are the theoreticians of the proletarian class."
1204:
1151:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
156:
114:, Marx's life work, which Engels wrote for the
487:
494:
480:
1111:The East wind prevails over the West wind
54:
15:
47:, making use of the main principles of
1205:
475:
502:Marxist phraseology and terminology
13:
14:
1224:
752:Commanding heights of the economy
618:Primitive accumulation of capital
1166:Revolution is not a dinner party
1136:Whole-process people's democracy
1063:Uneven and combined development
578:Dictatorship of the proletariat
832:Socially necessary labour time
459:
450:
441:
432:
423:
414:
1:
1192:People's Multiparty Democracy
742:Capitalist mode of production
727:Critique of political economy
558:Capitalist mode of production
407:
157:Notable Marxist theoreticians
1106:Continuous revolution theory
827:Socialist mode of production
683:Workers of the world, unite!
658:Socialist mode of production
623:Proletarian internationalism
7:
822:Simple commodity production
395:
10:
1229:
1091:Antagonistic contradiction
1038:Degenerated workers' state
1184:
1081:
1023:
920:General line of the party
875:
711:
643:Revolutionary spontaneity
507:
62:The Poverty of Philosophy
985:Socialism in one country
945:Political rehabilitation
1161:Revolutionary base area
1121:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1033:Deformed workers' state
812:Relations of production
732:Accumulation of capital
712:Sociology and economics
528:Base and superstructure
508:Philosophy and politics
980:Socialist accumulation
628:Proletarian revolution
583:Historical materialism
154:
148:
142:
134:
102:
90:
55:Derivation of the term
24:
900:Democratic centralism
543:Bourgeois nationalism
465:On Reformism, pp263-4
354:Evgeny Preobrazhensky
239:Ernesto "Che" Guevara
149:
143:
138:
130:
108:Thus, in a review of
98:
86:
19:
1141:One Divides Into Two
1048:Permanent revolution
1005:Democracy in Marxism
965:Revolutionary terror
762:Commodity production
747:Crisis of capitalism
653:Scientific socialism
548:Bourgeois revolution
1213:Marxist terminology
1058:Transitional demand
925:National liberation
910:Enemy of the people
792:Means of production
553:Bourgeois socialism
538:Bourgeois democracy
94:Communist Manifesto
1171:Social imperialism
995:Social imperialism
935:People's democracy
867:Worker cooperative
807:Production for use
797:Mode of production
648:Revolutionary wave
613:Petite bourgeoisie
523:Barracks communism
334:Ä°brahim Kaypakkaya
294:Wilhelm Liebknecht
279:Ferdinand Lassalle
117:Rheinische Zeitung
25:
1200:
1199:
1101:Capitalist roader
1053:Social revolution
895:Central Committee
802:Productive forces
767:Dominant ideology
663:Super-imperialism
598:Lumpenproletariat
379:Palmiro Togliatti
374:August Thalheimer
349:Georgii Plekhanov
224:Rajani Palme Dutt
194:Maurice Cornforth
122:theoretical bible
51:in the analysis.
49:Marxian socialism
1220:
1176:Struggle session
1096:Anti-revisionism
1073:World revolution
1000:Soviet democracy
885:Anti-revisionism
877:Marxist–Leninist
847:Subject of labor
777:Free association
720:
703:World revolution
693:Workers' control
688:Workers' council
673:Two-stage theory
516:
496:
489:
482:
473:
472:
466:
463:
457:
454:
448:
445:
439:
436:
430:
427:
421:
418:
344:Alexander Parvus
269:Antonio Labriola
229:Frederick Engels
184:Nikolai Bukharin
174:Eduard Bernstein
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1180:
1077:
1019:
871:
714:
713:
707:
698:World communism
568:Commodification
510:
509:
503:
500:
470:
469:
464:
460:
455:
451:
446:
442:
437:
433:
428:
424:
419:
415:
410:
398:
393:
339:Anton Pannekoek
289:Karl Liebknecht
234:Antonio Gramsci
214:Georgi Dimitrov
159:
57:
12:
11:
5:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:Social fascism
987:
982:
977:
975:Self-criticism
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Real socialism
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
772:Exchange value
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
721:
709:
708:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
633:Pure communism
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:Metabolic rift
605:
603:Means of labor
600:
595:
593:Liquidationism
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
563:Class struggle
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
519:
517:
505:
504:
499:
498:
491:
484:
476:
468:
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:
412:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
397:
394:
392:
391:
389:Andrei Zhdanov
386:
381:
376:
371:
369:Mikhail Suslov
366:
361:
359:David Riazanov
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
304:Rosa Luxemburg
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
254:Edvard Kardelj
251:
246:
244:Abimael Guzmán
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
189:Paul Cockshott
186:
181:
179:Amedeo Bordiga
176:
171:
166:
160:
158:
155:
56:
53:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1225:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:New Democracy
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:Popular front
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
878:
874:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:Surplus value
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:Social murder
840:
838:
837:Socialization
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
718:
710:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
518:
514:
506:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
474:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
413:
403:
400:
399:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Joseph Stalin
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Franz Mehring
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:György Lukács
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Paul Lafargue
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
209:Daniel DeLeon
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:Onorato Damen
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
153:
147:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
119:
118:
113:
112:
106:
101:
97:
95:
89:
85:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
22:
18:
1146:People's war
1068:United front
1010:United front
817:Ruling class
782:Law of value
678:Wage slavery
668:Theoretician
667:
461:
452:
443:
434:
425:
416:
384:Leon Trotsky
324:Paul Mattick
319:Iulii Martov
259:Karl Kautsky
169:August Bebel
150:
144:
139:
135:
131:
126:
121:
115:
109:
107:
103:
99:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
60:
58:
33:theoretician
32:
26:
1156:Revisionism
1043:French Turn
1015:Vanguardism
970:Secretariat
960:Revisionism
787:Materialism
638:Revisionism
588:Imperialism
533:Bourgeoisie
264:Karl Korsch
249:Enver Hoxha
1025:Trotskyist
905:Dual power
573:Dialectics
408:References
309:Mao Zedong
284:V.I. Lenin
219:Hal Draper
204:Guy Debord
164:Otto Bauer
75:Communists
71:Socialists
67:economists
1126:Mass line
1116:Four Olds
940:Politburo
930:New class
857:Use value
757:Commodity
314:Karl Marx
45:economics
21:Karl Marx
1207:Category
402:Agitprop
396:See also
737:Capital
717:Marxian
513:Marxist
111:Capital
92:In the
41:history
37:society
29:Marxism
23:in 1861
1083:Maoist
1185:Other
890:Cadre
862:Value
43:, or
915:Foco
73:and
31:, a
59:In
27:In
1209::
39:,
719:)
715:(
515:)
511:(
495:e
488:t
481:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
