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Tibeto-Kanauri languages

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1553: 189: 329:
Bradley (1997) takes much the same approach but words things differently: he incorporates West Himalayish and Tamangic as branches within his "Bodish", which thus becomes close to Tibeto-Kanauri. This and his
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Matisoff (1978, 2003) largely follows Benedict's scheme, stressing the teleological value of identifying related characteristics over mapping detailed family trees in the study of
1965: 1956: 523:
Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: proceedings of a symposium held in Leiden, June 26, 2000, at the 9th Seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies
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Languages of the Himalayas: an Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region: Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language
1350: 615: 221:. Within Benedict's conception, Tibeto-Kanauri is one of seven linguistic nuclei, or centers of gravity along a spectrum, within 584: 561: 534: 408:. Occasional papers, Wolfenden Society on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics. Vol. 6. Institute for the Study of Human Issues. 1343: 493:. Occasional Papers in South-East Asian linguistics. Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 209:
Bodish–Himalayish relationship, but had a more expansive conception of Himalayish than generally found today, including
502: 471: 440: 435:. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Vol. 135. University of California Press. pp. 1–9. 413: 369: 1552: 2077: 1336: 494: 17: 608: 2135: 2082: 1738: 1087: 282: 2128: 1783: 1705: 1421: 986: 1024: 661: 2195: 2028: 1475: 1396: 893: 632: 319: 230: 103: 1712: 1525: 959: 847: 811: 601: 197: 175:. The conception of the relationship, or if it is even a valid group, varies between researchers. 2103: 1889: 1773: 888: 293: 250: 222: 2149: 2142: 1922: 1856: 1359: 297: 278: 164: 391:. Princeton-Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics. Vol. 2. CUP Archive. pp. 4–11. 2092: 2042: 1598: 1157: 521:
Bradley, David (2002). "The subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman". In Christopher I. Beckwith (ed.).
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Variational semantics in Tibeto-Burman: The "Organic" Approach to Linguistic Comparison
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Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction
409: 365: 274: 238: 214: 210: 172: 168: 2057: 2017: 1987: 1961: 1911: 1869: 1778: 1755: 1648: 1628: 1585: 1510: 1373: 1264: 1095: 1042: 994: 949: 898: 816: 787: 764: 759: 754: 682: 593: 526: 463: 315: 258: 254: 226: 115: 98: 1635: 1205: 2049: 2003: 1862: 1744: 1683: 1517: 1464: 1455: 1441: 1297: 1284: 1269: 1259: 1254: 1100: 1072: 954: 929: 842: 748: 719: 687: 488: 457: 430: 403: 386: 351: 301: 266: 218: 200:
Western Tibeto-Burman languages, largely following Thurgood and La Polla (2003).
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languages (but not Benedict's other families) appear to have a common origin.
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indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
1817: 1733: 1689: 1618: 934: 837: 286: 270: 72: 2163: 1378: 1037: 1328: 1032: 462:. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung, Indien. Vol. 10. 2156: 1797: 1562: 1369: 361: 130: 924: 188: 1658: 575:. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs. Vol. 222. 1571: 1386: 357: 237:); other peripheral nuclei besides Tibeto-Kanauri include the 1567: 1382: 163:, are a proposed intermediate level of classification of the 59: 55: 573:
Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics: 2009
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as a third branch. He unites these at a higher level with
300:. Matisoff includes Bodish and West Himalayish with the 225:. The center-most nucleus identified by Benedict is the 205:
Benedict (1972) originally posited the Tibeto-Kanauri
623: 350:Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (ed.s) (2003). 2187: 525:. Brill's Tibetan studies library. Vol. 1. 178: 349: 2027: 1474: 1344: 609: 1888: 544:Hale, Austin (1982). "Review of Research". 449: 1351: 1337: 616: 602: 480: 1358: 455: 422: 395: 378: 490:Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Himalayas 428: 401: 384: 548:. Trends in Linguistics. Vol. 14. 520: 486: 343: 14: 2188: 1332: 597: 570: 543: 334:family constitute his Bodic family. 546:Research on Tibeto-Burman languages 24: 514: 25: 2207: 1025:Lahuli–Spiti (Western Innovative) 1551: 625:Bodic (Tibeto-Kanauri) languages 314:Van Driem (2001) notes that the 187: 987:Ladakhi–Balti (Western Archaic) 495:Australian National University 13: 1: 337: 241:(Bahing–Vayu and perhaps the 179:Conceptions of Tibeto-Kanauri 261:(Kuki–Naga plus perhaps the 7: 429:Matisoff, James A. (2003). 402:Matisoff, James A. (1978). 10: 2212: 456:van Driem, George (2001). 388:Sino-Tibetan: a Conspectus 385:Benedict, Paul K. (1972). 2173: 2118: 2070: 1955: 1796: 1764: 1722: 1657: 1560: 1549: 1367: 1306: 1283: 1247: 1238: 1218: 1156: 1140: 1133: 1086: 1065: 1023: 985: 978: 912: 861: 830: 812:Central Tibetan (Ăś-Tsang) 804: 795: 786: 740: 707: 700: 675: 649: 642: 631: 129: 124: 92: 68:Linguistic classification 66: 49: 44: 37: 32: 571:Singh, Rajendra (2009). 173:Kinnauri dialect cluster 149:Tibeto-Kanauri languages 38:Bodic, Bodish–Himalayish 487:Bradley, David (1997). 229:(including perhaps the 223:Tibeto-Burman languages 62:, and neighboring areas 27:Proposed language group 353:Sino-Tibetan Languages 298:Sino-Tibetan languages 279:Lolo-Burmese languages 165:Sino-Tibetan languages 2078:Central Tibeto-Burman 161:Western Tibeto-Burman 40:Western Tibeto-Burman 1134:Tshangla-East Bodish 925:Dzongkha (Bhutanese) 579:. pp. 154–161. 2136:Proto-Tibeto-Burman 1033:Lahuli (Stod Bhoti) 529:. pp. 73–112. 281:, perhaps also the 251:Bodo–Garo languages 2129:Proto-Sino-Tibetan 2071:Proposed groupings 235:Tamangic languages 167:, centered on the 2183: 2182: 2066: 2065: 1951: 1950: 1792: 1791: 1547: 1546: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1234: 1233: 1214: 1213: 1129: 1128: 1061: 1060: 782: 781: 778: 777: 696: 695: 662:Chitkuli Kinnauri 586:978-3-11-022559-4 577:Walter de Gruyter 563:978-90-279-3379-9 552:. pp. 30–49 550:Walter de Gruyter 536:978-90-04-12424-0 275:Burmish languages 239:Kiranti languages 169:Tibetic languages 157:Bodish–Himalayish 145: 144: 16:(Redirected from 2203: 2196:Bodish languages 2025: 2024: 1886: 1885: 1720: 1719: 1555: 1472: 1471: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1330: 1329: 1245: 1244: 1138: 1137: 983: 982: 817:Standard Tibetan 802: 801: 793: 792: 705: 704: 647: 646: 640: 639: 618: 611: 604: 595: 594: 590: 567: 540: 509: 508: 484: 478: 477: 453: 447: 446: 426: 420: 419: 399: 393: 392: 382: 376: 375: 347: 259:Kukish languages 255:Konyak languages 253:and perhaps the 227:Jingpho language 208: 191: 141: 140: 30: 29: 21: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2169: 2120:Proto-languages 2114: 2062: 2029:Greater Siangic 2023: 1960: 1947: 1884: 1788: 1760: 1718: 1662: 1653: 1565: 1556: 1543: 1476:Greater Magaric 1470: 1397:West Himalayish 1377: 1363: 1357: 1327: 1318: 1302: 1279: 1230: 1210: 1152: 1125: 1082: 1057: 1019: 974: 960:Chochangachakha 908: 857: 826: 805:Central Tibetan 774: 736: 692: 671: 634: 633:West Himalayish 627: 622: 587: 564: 537: 517: 515:Further reading 512: 505: 485: 481: 474: 454: 450: 443: 427: 423: 416: 400: 396: 383: 379: 372: 348: 344: 340: 320:West Himalayish 302:Lepcha language 267:Meitei language 206: 203: 202: 201: 199: 194: 193: 192: 181: 136: 135: 104:West Himalayish 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2209: 2199: 2198: 2181: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2153: 2146: 2139: 2132: 2124: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2110:Tibeto-Kanauri 2107: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2083:Kuki-Chin–Naga 2080: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2033: 2031: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2007: 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535: 516: 513: 511: 510: 503: 479: 472: 448: 441: 421: 414: 394: 377: 370: 341: 339: 336: 263:Karbi language 247:Tani languages 243:Newar language 196: 195: 186: 185: 184: 183: 182: 180: 177: 151:, also called 143: 142: 133: 127: 126: 125:Language codes 122: 121: 120: 119: 111: 106: 101: 94: 90: 89: 88: 87: 86: 85: 83:Tibeto-Kanauri 70: 64: 63: 53: 47: 46: 42: 41: 35: 34: 33:Tibeto-Kanauri 26: 18:Tibeto-Kanauri 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2208: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2150:Proto-Karenic 2147: 2145: 2144: 2143:Proto-Loloish 2140: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2105: 2104:Tibeto-Burman 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1890:Burmo-Qiangic 1887: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1785: 1784:Jingpho–Luish 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:Baram–Thangmi 1420: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 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438: 434: 433: 425: 417: 415:0-915980-85-1 411: 407: 406: 398: 390: 389: 381: 373: 371:0-7007-1129-5 367: 363: 359: 355: 354: 346: 342: 335: 333: 327: 325: 321: 317: 312: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 294:Tibeto-Burman 290: 288: 284: 283:Nung language 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 198: 190: 176: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 139: 134: 132: 128: 123: 118: 117: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 95: 91: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78:Tibeto-Burman 76: 75: 74: 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 54: 48: 43: 36: 31: 19: 2175: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2134: 2127: 2109: 2102: 2048: 2041: 2016: 2002: 1995: 1986: 1979: 1938: 1923:Lolo-Burmese 1921: 1897: 1875: 1868: 1861: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1823: 1816: 1809: 1743: 1711: 1704: 1695: 1688: 1676: 1669: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1591: 1584: 1536: 1530: 1516: 1509: 1495: 1488: 1463: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1428: 1414: 1402: 1395: 1360:Sino-Tibetan 1066:Sherpa-Jirel 838:Amdo Tibetan 747: 729: 624: 572: 553: 545: 522: 489: 482: 458: 451: 431: 424: 404: 397: 387: 380: 352: 345: 331: 328: 313: 309: 291: 271:Mru language 204: 160: 156: 152: 148: 146: 114: 93:Subdivisions 82: 73:Sino-Tibetan 52:distribution 2164:Proto-Hakka 2093:Mahakiranti 1599:East Bodish 1379:Uttarakhand 1158:East Bodish 1038:Spiti Bhoti 310:Himalayish. 306:Mahakiranti 273:); and the 231:Kachin–Luic 2058:Idu–Taraon 2012:Miju–Meyor 1905:Gyalrongic 1751:Tangkhulic 1526:Raji–Raute 1005:Changthang 770:Chaudangsi 731:Zhangzhung 635:(Kanauric) 338:References 50:Geographic 45:(proposed) 2157:Proto-Min 2088:Macro-Bai 1966:Arunachal 1959:(possible 1774:Boro–Garo 1678:Kuki-Chin 1661:and Indo- 1576:Arunachal 1563:Himalayas 1538:Tandrange 1505:Chepangic 1436:Dhimalish 1370:Himalayas 1121:Gyalsumdo 1000:Zangskari 920:Sikkimese 904:Zitsadegu 650:Kinnauric 362:Routledge 332:Himalayan 131:Glottolog 2190:Category 1962:isolates 1929:Mondzish 1857:Cai–Long 1605:Tshangla 1561:Eastern 1404:Tamangic 1374:Himachal 1368:Western 1362:branches 1275:Chantyal 1240:Tamangic 1186:Bumthang 1148:Tshangla 1141:Tshangla 913:Southern 894:Dongwang 853:mDungnag 676:Lahaulic 657:Kinnauri 324:Tamangic 269:and the 171:and the 138:bodi1256 109:Tamangic 2176:Italics 2037:Siangic 2018:Songlin 1997:Kho-Bwa 1975:Hrusish 1957:Dubious 1940:Loloish 1934:Burmish 1899:Qiangic 1870:Longjia 1837:Karenic 1831:Nungish 1811:Sinitic 1697:Hkongso 1659:Myanmar 1629:Gongduk 1593:Tibetic 1511:Chepang 1484:Magaric 1430:Kiranti 1410:Newaric 1265:Thakali 1096:Kyirong 1043:Nyamkat 995:Ladakhi 979:Western 950:Brokkat 899:Drugchu 848:Khalong 797:Tibetic 765:Dhuleli 760:Byangsi 755:Darmiya 708:Central 701:Eastern 683:Pattani 643:Western 257:); the 245:); the 215:Magaric 211:Qiangic 116:Gongduk 2050:Milang 2004:Puroik 1988:Mijiic 1912:Ersuic 1863:Caijia 1779:Konyak 1745:Meitei 1649:Chamdo 1586:Bodish 1572:Bhutan 1518:Bhujel 1465:Lepcha 1456:Lhokpu 1442:Dhimal 1387:Sikkim 1298:Kutang 1270:Manang 1260:Gurung 1255:Tamang 1196:Kurtöp 1101:Kagate 1073:Sherpa 955:Brokpa 940:Lunana 930:Khamba 889:Zhongu 843:Gserpa 788:Bodish 749:Rangas 741:Almora 720:Rongpo 688:Tinani 583:  560:  554:passim 533:  501:  470:  439:  412:  368:  358:London 322:, and 316:Bodish 265:, the 249:; the 219:Lepcha 217:, and 159:, and 99:Bodish 1981:Hruso 1877:Luren 1851:Kathu 1825:Tujia 1713:Taman 1684:Mruic 1671:Karbi 1612:Basum 1568:Tibet 1490:Magar 1416:Newar 1383:Nepal 1314:Kaike 1307:Kaike 1293:Ghale 1285:Ghale 1226:Basum 1219:Basum 1201:Nupbi 1191:Kheng 1181:Chali 1171:Dzala 1166:Takpa 1116:Nubri 1111:Yolmo 1078:Jirel 1053:Tukpa 1015:Balti 1010:Purgi 970:Naapa 965:Lakha 945:Groma 884:Choni 879:Baima 874:Tseku 822:Mugom 725:Sunam 715:Bunan 667:Sunam 527:BRILL 464:BRILL 287:Trung 153:Bodic 60:Tibet 56:Nepal 2098:Rung 2043:Koro 1917:Naic 1844:Gong 1800:and 1798:East 1756:Zeme 1725:Naga 1643:Tani 1636:ĘĽOle 1532:Dura 1497:Kham 1449:Toto 1248:TGTM 1206:ĘĽOle 1176:Nyen 1106:Tsum 935:Laya 831:Amdo 581:ISBN 558:ISBN 531:ISBN 499:ISBN 468:ISBN 437:ISBN 410:ISBN 366:ISBN 296:and 289:). 285:and 233:and 147:The 1964:) ( 1818:Bai 1766:Sal 1706:Pyu 1690:Mru 1619:Nam 308:as 207:aka 2192:: 1734:Ao 1574:, 1570:, 1385:, 1381:, 556:. 497:. 466:. 364:. 360:: 356:. 318:, 213:, 155:, 58:, 1968:) 1727:" 1723:" 1622:? 1578:) 1566:( 1535:– 1389:) 1376:, 1372:( 1352:e 1345:t 1338:v 617:e 610:t 603:v 589:. 566:. 539:. 507:. 476:. 445:. 418:. 374:. 277:( 113:? 20:)

Index

Tibeto-Kanauri
Nepal
Tibet
Linguistic classification
Sino-Tibetan
Tibeto-Burman
Bodish
West Himalayish
Tamangic
Gongduk
Glottolog
bodi1256
Sino-Tibetan languages
Tibetic languages
Kinnauri dialect cluster
Western Tibeto-Burman languages, largely following Thurgood and La Polla (2003).

Qiangic
Magaric
Lepcha
Tibeto-Burman languages
Jingpho language
Kachin–Luic
Tamangic languages
Kiranti languages
Newar language
Tani languages
Bodo–Garo languages
Konyak languages
Kukish languages

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