888:
21 phonemes in Thai compared with 15 vowels in
English; therefore, it is relatively easy for Thai people to imitate the English vowels. However, the two systems have a significant discrepancy: Thai vowels are distinguished by shortness and length, while for English, it is laxness and tenseness. That explains why Thai English speakers perceive and produce lax sounds as short sounds and tense sounds as long sounds, which gives their pronunciation its uniqueness (Kruatrachue, 1960). In terms of consonants, there are a number of English consonants which do not exist in Thai. This makes it difficult for the Thai to perceive the difference among some sounds and produce them correctly. Instead, they replace the English consonants with the most similar sounds in Thai (Trakulkasemsuk, 2012):
894:/tʃ/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are altered by Thai /tɕʰ/ (aspirated voiceless fortis palatal stop with slight affrication). /dʒ/ is substituted by Thai /tɕ/ (weakly glottalized unaspirated voiceless fortis palatal stop). /θ/ become either / t̪⁼/ (voiceless unaspirated apical alveolar stop), /t/, or /s/. /ð/ is replaced by /d/ /v/ is pronounced as /w/, and /z/ as /s/ In addition, consonant cluster /st/ does not exist in Thai, so they pronounce it as /sə.t/; for example: stop /sə.tɑːp/. Ending sounds are oftentimes omitted (Choksuansup, 2014).
77:
179:
36:
580:
860:
All Thai syllables must have one of five tones (mid, low, falling, high, rising). English words adapted into Thai are systematically given these tones according to certain rules. English loanwords are often unusual in that tone markers are normally omitted, meaning that they are often pronounced with
887:
According to Wei and Zhou (2002), Thai is a tonal language, whose syllables take approximately the same time to pronounce, Thai people often have difficulty with
English word stress. They, instead, stress the last syllable by adding high pitch (Choksuansup, 2014). When it comes to vowels, there are
879:
The tone of final consonants that end in sonorants depend on where the stress falls in the original
English word. If the final syllable is stressed, the mid tone is taken, while non-final stress correlates with the falling tone being
254:
2384:
2009:
1949:
989:
2157:
626:
876:
For polysyllabics, the nonfinal consonants follow similar rules to monosyllabics, although they always take high tone when ending in obstruents.
3372:
3287:
3488:
663:
English consonants with corresponding sounds in Thai are simply carried over, while others are adapted to a similar-sounding consonant.
2044:
1017:
296:, vocabulary, and grammar. The term was coined in 1970, and several alternative terms have been proposed since its inception, such as
293:
3076:
2657:
2150:
2094:
1879:
410:
omission of prepositions, for instance "I wait you" instead of "I'll wait for you" or "I listen him" for "I listened to him".
992:, Sound Systems of English, LG.236, Lecture 8, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Thammasat University, 8 Sep 2008.
2114:
1187:
1072:
3168:
2807:
3520:
1595:
3256:
2617:
1700:
141:
413:"very" and "very much" are used interchangeably, for instance "I very love my daughter" and "She beautiful very much".
3218:
2789:
240:
222:
160:
113:
63:
204:
3060:
2143:
1499:
2556:
1747:
1543:
120:
2514:
2064:
1504:
1010:
189:
98:
2104:
1797:
1759:
407:
moving "S" on singular verbs to the subject, for instance "He's talk too much" instead of "He talks too much"
2099:
1752:
1572:
1389:
1210:
883:
Final consonants ending in obstruents take the low, high, or falling tone in descending order of frequency.
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
806:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
773:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
709:
705:
699:
695:
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687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
127:
2328:
1475:
1465:
1063:
1030:
1026:
2059:
1774:
1632:
1043:
651:
As some sounds in
English do not exist in the Thai language, this affects the way native Thai speakers
995:
3149:
3088:
2039:
1565:
1523:
1494:
1426:
1394:
1003:
805:
Final consonant clusters are generally truncated to only the sound directly after the vowel: "act" →
109:
94:
49:
3348:
2884:
2878:
2768:
1764:
1718:
1617:
1590:
1555:
1450:
1321:
605:
2872:
2772:
1976:
1809:
1627:
1602:
971:. In Thongkum, Theraphan L.; Panupong, Vichin; Kullavanijaya, Pranee; Tingsabadh, Kalaya (eds.).
931:
372:
200:
87:
3515:
2866:
2760:
2577:
1891:
1869:
1673:
1370:
1339:
1217:
622:
1787:
3435:
2089:
1874:
1769:
1482:
1416:
1170:
1160:
1155:
965:
2082:
3185:
3098:
2599:
1511:
1404:
1344:
1222:
1195:
1112:
379:
8:
2109:
1939:
1931:
1829:
1792:
1678:
1663:
1538:
1528:
1455:
1294:
3175:
973:
Studies in Tai and Mon-Khmer
Phonetics and Phonology in Honour of Eugénie J.A. Henderson
3441:
2764:
1999:
1966:
1901:
1884:
1739:
1560:
1107:
1097:
631:
423:
329:
19:
This article is about the form of
English spoken by some Thai speakers. For Tamil, see
134:
3250:
2938:
2849:
2723:
2651:
2419:
2004:
1989:
1961:
1921:
1713:
1650:
1399:
1175:
1139:
769:
360:
289:
1695:
3195:
2694:
2629:
2124:
2077:
2029:
1956:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1685:
1658:
1516:
1436:
1381:
1279:
1261:
1248:
1085:
1080:
943:
402:
281:
196:
3388:
3322:
3201:
3082:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2795:
2684:
2661:
2611:
2230:
1994:
1896:
1834:
1804:
1612:
1487:
1308:
1284:
1256:
1227:
1200:
1165:
1052:
947:
3447:
819:
Diphthongs and triphthongs are generally simplified to long vowels, such as the
3161:
3114:
3108:
3102:
2995:
2896:
2741:
2688:
2645:
2633:
2605:
2550:
2519:
2218:
2195:
2069:
1984:
1944:
1844:
1668:
1421:
1326:
1316:
1232:
1034:
3143:
2989:
913:
Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity.
3509:
3026:
3001:
2956:
2360:
2166:
2119:
2034:
1690:
1607:
1548:
1460:
1411:
1289:
1271:
652:
595:
345:
285:
55:
3155:
3032:
2340:
3094:
2183:
1622:
1470:
1349:
615:
292:
from the first language. Differences from standard native
English occur in
3360:
2711:
873:
either take the low tone or the high tone, with the high tone predominant.
3494:
2950:
2843:
2820:
2544:
2378:
368:
339:
3316:
3131:
3281:
3240:
3038:
3022:
2717:
2639:
2356:
1533:
1025:
364:
353:
3482:
3405:
3338:
3328:
3299:
3234:
2979:
2973:
2916:
2837:
2801:
2735:
2729:
2593:
2573:
2506:
2447:
2437:
2346:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2224:
1090:
870:
3366:
207:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
76:
3478:
3457:
3354:
3342:
3275:
3246:
3228:
3137:
3070:
3066:
3044:
2983:
2912:
2678:
2623:
2587:
2583:
2538:
2502:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2431:
2425:
2415:
2408:
2390:
2372:
2366:
2334:
2323:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2253:
2247:
2206:
2202:
2189:
1117:
866:
24:
20:
776:
followed by a voiceless unaspirated stop do not occur in Thai, so
3474:
3453:
3418:
3411:
3332:
3224:
3189:
3018:
2944:
2908:
2900:
2890:
2814:
2496:
2453:
2441:
2402:
2396:
2352:
2313:
2212:
2135:
2054:
2049:
1859:
1205:
1132:
1127:
835:, which are instead reanalysed as the Thai diphthongs ending in
3293:
2490:
2484:
1122:
1102:
794:
in older loanwords, whereas modern adaptation generally favors
253:
975:. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. pp. 151–162.
288:. It is typically produced by native Thai speakers due to
257:
Tinglish is even widespread on official signs in
Thailand.
861:
a different tone from that indicated by their spelling.
932:"Issues in loanword adaptation: A case study from Thai"
2229:
Malay+Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
929:
621:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
3507:
3179:
2543:South Sudan local languages
417:
323:
930:Kenstowicz, Michael; Suchato, Atiwong (2006).
3081:Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch
2151:
1011:
780:is added between these consonants: "start" →
1369:
869:take the mid tone, while those that end in
658:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2158:
2144:
2045:Comparison of American and British English
1018:
1004:
917:, 39(1): 1-33. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam
655:English words, as displayed in loanwords.
398:different use of conditional constructions
2182:Cameroon Pidgin+French+English
891:/r/ can be pronounced as /l/ or dropped.
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1738:
963:
252:
813:
3508:
827:. Exceptions are diphthongs ending in
499:I really like it, I like it very much
2139:
999:
966:"A note on English loanwords in Thai"
2115:Non-native pronunciations of English
959:
957:
925:
923:
909:
907:
573:
284:mixed with or heavily influenced by
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
467:There is no ..., I do not have a …
16:English dialect used by Thai people
13:
2211:Hebrew+Aramaic+German+Slavic
2165:
855:
611:for transliterated languages, and
591:of its non-English content, using
14:
3532:
3347:Gallo-Italic languages
3160:Gallo-Italic languages
2759:American Sign Language
2201:English+Chinese+Malay+Tamil
2194:Italian+Spanish+French+Arab
990:Investigating Thai Loan Phonology
983:
954:
920:
904:
359:non-standard use or omissions of
45:This article has multiple issues.
3061:Malay trade and creole languages
578:
569:
547:I'm using the internet/my phone
177:
75:
34:
3200:Southeast Asian languages
2557:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic
2217:Chinese+Mongolian+Tibetan
865:Monosyllabic words that end in
475:I will take you to the airport
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3167:Hunsrückisch German
2515:English-based creole languages
2065:English-based creole languages
627:multilingual support templates
328:Characteristics and examples (
280:, etc.) refers to any form of
1:
2223:Chinese+Tagalog+English
2105:List of English-based pidgins
897:
555:Can I have the bill, please?
507:I have been to Phuket before
418:Examples of words and phrases
3337:Italian languages
3171:(when Portuguese-influenced)
3164:(when Portuguese-influenced)
2883:Romance languages
2877:Iranian languages
2871:Aramaic languages
2810:(when Portuguese-influenced)
2188:Bengali+Persian+Arabic
2100:Linguistic purism in English
964:Nacaskul, Karnchana (1979).
948:10.1016/j.lingua.2005.05.006
531:Does your food taste spicy?
491:I am interested in football
324:Characteristics and examples
7:
3065:English+Chinese+Tamil
2865:Arabic languages
1201:London & Thames Estuary
488:I'm interesting in football
203:the claims made and adding
10:
3537:
3521:Macaronic forms of English
3174:Bantu languages
3089:Sri Lankan Malay
2060:English as a lingua franca
523:She's dark skinned/tanned
480:I have ever been to London
18:
3466:
3427:
3397:
3381:
3308:
3265:
3210:
3123:
3053:
3010:
2965:
2858:
2829:
2781:
2750:
2703:
2670:
2582:English+Malay+Tamil
2565:
2530:
2239:
2173:
2040:Broad and general accents
2022:
1975:
1950:regional and occupational
1930:
1917:
1910:
1822:
1783:
1731:
1709:
1649:
1581:
1446:
1435:
1380:
1362:
1335:
1307:
1270:
1247:
1186:
1148:
1071:
1062:
1051:
1042:
2885:Judaeo-Romance languages
2879:Judaeo-Iranian languages
2769:Philippine Sign Language
659:Adaptation of consonants
395:are used interchangeably
3292:Norwegian+Swedish
3286:Norwegian+Spanish
3280:Norwegian+Russian
3142:Italian languages
2873:Judeo-Aramaic languages
2773:Malaysian Sign Language
2604:Mongolian+Tibetan
378:addition of Thai final
3180:
2867:Judeo-Arabic languages
2761:Bolivian Sign Language
2578:Chinese Pidgin English
1218:Received Pronunciation
708:becomes the affricate
483:I have been to London
459:Turn on/off the light
258:
3404:Chinese+English
3298:Swedish+English
3087:Sinhalese+Tamil
2628:Inter-topolects
2592:English+Tagalog
2270:Chinese+Tagalog
1412:Multicultural Toronto
563:Where are you going?
544:I play internet/phone
451:He is/looks like you
290:language interference
256:
3274:Danish+English
3144:Macaronic Portuguese
3099:North Moluccan Malay
2990:Macaronic Portuguese
2656:Malay+Javanese
2385:Manglish (Malayalam)
1573:Western Pennsylvania
823:in "blade" becoming
814:Adaptation of vowels
589:specify the language
587:This article should
456:Open/close the light
336:omission of pronouns
95:improve this article
3156:Dekasegi Portuguese
3138:Porglish/Portuglish
3033:Dekasegi Portuguese
2110:Mid-Atlantic accent
1701:Trinidad and Tobago
798:instead: "grill" →
539:Do you feel bored?
504:I used to go Phuket
356:of Standard English
3442:Canadian Ukrainian
3317:Portuñol/Portunhol
3150:Bengali Portuguese
3132:Portuñol/Portunhol
2765:Thai Sign Language
2740:Gallo-Italic
2555:Jordanian+Bengali
1633:Pennsylvania Dutch
915:English World-wide
770:consonant clusters
472:I send you airport
443:Similar, as usual
424:direct translation
330:direct translation
259:
188:possibly contains
23:. For Telugu, see
3503:
3502:
3361:Frespañol/Fragnol
3251:Solombala English
3186:Gira da Tabatinga
3113:Makassarese
2850:Cappadocian Greek
2724:Meridional French
2712:Frespañol/Fragnol
2652:Tangwang language
2430:Singaporean
2420:Solombala English
2133:
2132:
2018:
2017:
1818:
1817:
1727:
1726:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1566:Pacific Northwest
1427:Standard Canadian
1358:
1357:
1303:
1302:
1243:
1242:
649:
648:
629:may also be used.
567:
566:
352:, in contrast to
251:
250:
243:
233:
232:
225:
190:original research
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
3528:
3434:Belarusian
3315:Portuguese
3233:Belarusian
3196:Judeo-Portuguese
3183:
3031:Portuguese
2988:Portuguese
2806:Portuguese
2489:Vietnamese
2407:Portuguese
2160:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2030:English language
1915:
1914:
1736:
1735:
1719:Falkland Islands
1618:General American
1591:African-American
1444:
1443:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1020:
1013:
1006:
997:
996:
977:
976:
970:
961:
952:
951:
927:
918:
911:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
808:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
779:
775:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
735:: "thank you" →
734:
730:
727:are replaced by
726:
722:
719:The "th" sounds
715:
711:
707:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:are devoiced to
677:
673:
669:
644:
641:
635:
620:
614:
610:
604:
600:
594:
582:
581:
574:
429:
428:
403:double negatives
246:
239:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
205:inline citations
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3462:
3423:
3393:
3389:Te Parau Tinito
3377:
3371:Norwegian
3323:Belgranodeutsch
3304:
3267:
3261:
3239:Norwegian
3223:Ukrainian
3219:Deutschrussisch
3206:
3202:Macanese Patois
3176:Cafundó dialect
3119:
3077:Baba Malay
3049:
3006:
2961:
2929:Judeo-Malayalam
2927:Malayalam
2923:Judaeo-Georgian
2854:
2825:
2796:Belgranodeutsch
2790:Deutschrussisch
2777:
2752:
2746:
2699:
2666:
2658:Baba Malay
2612:Hezhou language
2561:
2526:
2389:Malaysian
2383:Malayalam
2333:Hungarian
2235:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2134:
2129:
2014:
1971:
1926:
1906:
1814:
1810:Solomon Islands
1779:
1723:
1705:
1637:
1628:New York Latino
1603:American Indian
1583:
1577:
1438:
1431:
1372:
1354:
1340:Channel Islands
1331:
1299:
1266:
1239:
1182:
1144:
1054:
1038:
1024:
986:
981:
980:
968:
962:
955:
928:
921:
912:
905:
900:
892:
858:
856:Tone assignment
816:
753:is replaced by
745:is replaced by
661:
645:
639:
636:
630:
618:
612:
608:
606:transliteration
602:
598:
592:
583:
579:
572:
536:Are you boring?
420:
384:I don’t know na
326:
247:
236:
235:
234:
229:
218:
212:
209:
194:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3534:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3353:Galician
3351:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3154:Japanese
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3115:Makassar Malay
3111:
3105:
3103:Ambonese Malay
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2996:Fiuman dialect
2994:Croatian
2992:
2986:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2931:
2925:
2921:Georgian
2919:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2897:Judaeo-Spanish
2893:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2811:
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2742:Franco-Italian
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2693:Javanese
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2648:
2646:Maojia dialect
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2636:
2634:Shaozhou Tuhua
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2622:Japanese
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2606:Wutun language
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2520:Englishization
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2219:Wutun language
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2070:Englishisation
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2020:
2019:
2016:
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1892:South Atlantic
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1176:Stoke-on-Trent
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1035:Modern English
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984:External links
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942:(7): 921–949.
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541:
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537:
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528:Are you spicy?
525:
524:
521:
517:
516:
515:Take a shower
513:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
496:I very like it
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15:
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3533:
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3516:Thai language
3514:
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3496:
3492:
3490:
3489:Scots Yiddish
3486:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3473:English
3472:
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3459:
3455:
3452:Russian
3451:
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3440:English
3439:
3437:
3436:West Polesian
3433:
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3426:
3420:
3417:Visayan
3416:
3413:
3410:English
3409:
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3402:
3400:
3396:
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3365:Guarani
3364:
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3327:English
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3245:English
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3148:Bengali
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3141:
3139:
3136:English
3135:
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3130:Spanish
3129:
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3116:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:Ternate
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3090:
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3075:Chinese
3074:
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3046:
3043:Chinese
3042:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:Bonin English
3024:
3020:
3017:English
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3002:Judeo-Italian
2999:
2997:
2993:
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2987:
2985:
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2978:Spanish
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2972:English
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2958:
2957:Judeo-Marathi
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2876:
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2848:Turkish
2847:
2845:
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2836:English
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:Yiddish
2818:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2800:English
2799:
2797:
2794:Spanish
2793:
2791:
2788:Russian
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2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:English
2727:
2725:
2722:Occitan
2721:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2710:Spanish
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2677:English
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2644:Hmongic
2643:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2616:Russian
2615:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:Tibetan
2597:
2595:
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2589:
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2572:English
2571:
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2568:
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2537:English
2536:
2535:
2533:
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2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
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2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:Yiddish
2500:
2498:
2495:Visayan
2494:
2492:
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2486:
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2480:
2477:Turkish
2476:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2452:Tagalog
2451:
2449:
2446:Swedish
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:Spanish
2435:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2414:Russian
2413:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2395:Namibia
2394:
2392:
2388:
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2382:
2380:
2377:Maltese
2376:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2365:Kannada
2364:
2362:
2361:Bonin English
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:Italian
2344:
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2338:
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2332:
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2327:
2325:
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2319:
2315:
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2288:Finnish
2287:
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2281:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:Chinese
2263:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2252:Bengali
2251:
2249:
2245:
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2238:
2232:
2228:
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2222:
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2090:International
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2028:
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2025:
2021:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
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1983:
1982:
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1770:Torres Strait
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1527:
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1518:
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1510:
1506:
1505:North-Central
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:New York City
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
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1459:
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1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Ottawa Valley
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
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1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1346:
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1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
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1310:
1306:
1296:
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1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:Multicultural
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Black Country
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:West Midlands
1159:
1157:
1156:East Midlands
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
998:
991:
988:
987:
974:
967:
960:
958:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
924:
916:
910:
908:
903:
895:
889:
882:
878:
875:
872:
868:
864:
863:
862:
818:
817:
804:
785:
771:
767:
740:
718:
704:
666:
665:
664:
656:
654:
643:
633:
628:
624:
617:
607:
597:
590:
585:
576:
575:
570:Pronunciation
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:
526:
522:
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518:
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510:
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503:
502:
498:
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487:
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479:
478:
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458:
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412:
409:
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397:
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390:
387:
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381:
377:
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370:
366:
362:
358:
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351:
347:
346:present tense
343:
341:
338:
335:
334:
333:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:pronunciation
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279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
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245:
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224:
216:
206:
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186:This article
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106:Find sources:
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89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
26:
22:
3493:German
3446:Polish
3359:French
3321:German
3266:Scandinavian
3217:German
3194:Hebrew
3095:Manado Malay
3037:French
3000:Hebrew
2943:Slavic
2889:German
2842:Hebrew
2813:Hebrew
2734:Hebrew
2610:Uyghur
2472:
2465:Telugu
2401:Polish
2371:Korean
2312:Hebrew
2300:German
2294:French
2276:Danish
2246:Arabic
2184:Camfranglais
1875:South Africa
1870:Sierra Leone
1623:Miami Latino
1512:Philadelphia
1500:Inland North
1405:Newfoundland
1223:West Country
1037:by continent
972:
939:
935:
914:
893:
886:
859:
761:, "serve" →
757:: "level" →
749:, but final
712:: "shirt" →
690:: "goal" →
662:
650:
637:
623:ISO 639 code
619:}}
613:{{
609:}}
603:{{
599:}}
593:{{
588:
560:Where Hugo?
421:
392:
388:
383:
369:prepositions
349:
332:) include :
327:
317:
316:(2003), and
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
237:
219:
210:
187:
157:
151:October 2012
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3495:Lachoudisch
3487:Scots
3107:Dutch
2955:Indic
2949:Greek
2933:Tatar
2844:Judeo-Greek
2821:Lachoudisch
2751:French Sign
2683:Malay
2650:Santa
2549:Greek
2545:Juba Arabic
2459:Tamil
2411:/Portuglish
2379:Maltenglish
2339:Irish
2322:Hindi
2306:Greek
2282:Dutch
2258:Czech
2000:Philippines
1793:New Zealand
1679:Bay Islands
1659:The Bahamas
1582:Social and
1539:New Orleans
1456:New England
1350:Isle of Man
1295:Port Talbot
1196:East Anglia
1113:Northumbria
847:, "view" →
512:Take a bath
448:He same you
426:) include:
373:conjugation
340:zero copula
3510:Categories
3282:Russenorsk
3241:Russenorsk
3124:Portuguese
3039:Franponais
3023:Wasei-eigo
2718:Franponais
2640:E language
2511:See also:
2483:Urdu
2471:Thai
2357:Wasei-eigo
2341:Béarlachas
1940:Bangladesh
1932:South Asia
1885:Cape Flats
1835:The Gambia
1760:Aboriginal
1596:vernacular
1561:California
1534:High Tider
1529:Appalachia
1390:Aboriginal
1322:South-West
1166:Birmingham
1123:Sunderland
1108:Manchester
1098:Lancashire
898:References
871:obstruents
843:: "tie" →
737:/tɛ́ŋ.kîw/
698:, "jam" →
694:, "zip" →
552:Check bill
422:Examples (
401:no use of
365:declension
354:past tense
298:Thainglish
278:Thainglish
197:improve it
121:newspapers
110:"Tinglish"
50:improve it
3483:Yeshivish
3428:Ukrainian
3406:Hokaglish
3373:Norspañol
3339:Cocoliche
3329:Spanglish
3300:Swenglish
3288:Norspañol
3268:languages
3235:Trasianka
2980:Cocoliche
2974:Itanglese
2917:Yeshivish
2838:Greeklish
2802:Denglisch
2736:Zarphatic
2730:Franglais
2638:Tai
2594:Hokaglish
2574:Chinglish
2507:Yeshivish
2448:Swenglish
2438:Spanglish
2347:Itanglese
2318:Yeshivish
2308:Greeklish
2302:Denglisch
2296:Franglais
2272:Hokaglish
2266:Chinglish
2260:Czenglish
2225:Hokaglish
2176:languages
2174:Multiple
2005:Singapore
1967:Sri Lanka
1922:Hong Kong
1748:variation
1740:Australia
1651:Caribbean
1517:Baltimore
1400:Lunenburg
1345:Gibraltar
1262:Highlands
1140:Yorkshire
1103:Liverpool
867:sonorants
782:/sə.táːt/
759:/lēː.wêw/
714:/tɕʰɤ́ːt/
653:pronounce
640:June 2021
520:She black
464:No have …
440:Same same
380:particles
314:Thenglish
310:Thinglish
302:Thaiglish
270:Thenglish
266:Thaiglish
201:verifying
56:talk page
3479:Yinglish
3458:Balachka
3382:Tahitian
3355:Castrapo
3343:Lunfardo
3276:Danglish
3247:Runglish
3229:Balachka
3071:Manglish
3067:Singlish
3045:Kyowa-go
3011:Japanese
2984:Lunfardo
2939:Krymchak
2913:Yinglish
2753:Language
2679:Dunglish
2624:Kyowa-go
2588:Manglish
2584:Singlish
2539:Arablish
2503:Yinglish
2479:Turklish
2473:Tinglish
2467:Tenglish
2461:Tanglish
2432:Singlish
2426:Siculish
2416:Runglish
2409:Porglish
2391:Manglish
2373:Konglish
2367:Kanglish
2335:Hunglish
2324:Hinglish
2290:Finglish
2284:Dunglish
2278:Danglish
2254:Banglish
2248:Arablish
2207:Manglish
2203:Singlish
2190:Dobhashi
2125:Standard
2095:Learning
2083:Nerrière
2074:Globish
1990:Malaysia
1962:Pakistan
1902:Zimbabwe
1830:Cameroon
1664:Barbados
1395:Atlantic
1363:Americas
1280:Abercraf
1249:Scotland
1228:Cornwall
1149:Midlands
1133:Teesside
1128:Tyneside
1118:Pitmatic
1081:Cheshire
1027:Dialects
768:Initial
741:Initial
700:/tɕɛ̄ːm/
435:Meaning
382:, e.g.,
361:articles
320:(2012).
318:Tenglish
312:(1976),
308:(1994),
306:Tinglish
304:(1992),
300:(1973),
274:Thailish
262:Tinglish
213:May 2010
25:Tenglish
21:Tanglish
3481:,
3477:,
3475:Heblish
3467:Yiddish
3456:,
3454:Surzhyk
3419:Bisalog
3414:/Englog
3412:Taglish
3398:Tagalog
3349:Chipilo
3341:,
3333:Llanito
3331:,
3309:Spanish
3257:Kyakhta
3249:,
3227:,
3225:Surzhyk
3211:Russian
3190:Kalunga
3181:cupópia
3169:Hunsrik
3097:,
3025:,
3021:,
3019:Engrish
2982:,
2966:Italian
2951:Yevanic
2945:Knaanic
2937:,
2915:,
2911:,
2909:Heblish
2901:Haketia
2899:,
2891:Yiddish
2815:Yiddish
2808:Hunsrik
2695:Javindo
2687:,
2660:,
2632:,
2630:Linghua
2618:Kyakhta
2576:,
2566:Chinese
2505:,
2497:Bislish
2456:/Englog
2454:Taglish
2442:Llanito
2440:,
2418:,
2403:Poglish
2397:Namlish
2359:,
2355:,
2353:Engrish
2316:,
2314:Heblish
2240:English
2213:Yiddish
2055:Engrish
2050:E-Prime
2023:Related
2010:Vietnam
1995:Myanmar
1865:Nigeria
1860:Namibia
1850:Liberia
1732:Oceania
1714:Bermuda
1686:Jamaica
1613:Chicano
1451:Midland
1437:United
1373:America
1309:Ireland
1285:Cardiff
1257:Glasgow
1206:Cockney
1086:Cumbria
1064:England
1055:Britain
1031:accents
790:became
763:/sɤ̀ːp/
632:See why
432:Phrase
350:already
344:use of
282:English
195:Please
135:scholar
3367:Jopará
3294:Svorsk
3162:Talian
3083:Betawi
2935:Karaim
2859:Hebrew
2782:German
2704:French
2685:Betawi
2662:Betawi
2600:Daohua
2531:Arabic
2491:Vinish
2485:Urdish
2231:Betawi
2078:Gogate
1985:Brunei
1897:Uganda
1880:accent
1855:Malawi
1823:Africa
1798:accent
1753:accent
1696:Samaná
1669:Bequia
1488:accent
1461:Boston
1439:States
1422:Quebec
1382:Canada
1371:North
1327:Ulster
1317:Dublin
1233:Dorset
1091:Barrow
1053:Great
1044:Europe
936:Lingua
880:taken.
845:/tʰāj/
800:/krīw/
786:Final
686:, and
674:, and
371:, and
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
3448:Balak
3109:Petjo
3054:Malay
2830:Greek
2689:Petjo
2671:Dutch
2196:Sabir
2120:Plain
2035:Basic
1957:Nepal
1945:India
1845:Kenya
1840:Ghana
1805:Palau
1765:South
1608:Cajun
1549:Texas
1544:Older
1524:South
1495:North
1471:Maine
1290:Gower
1272:Wales
1188:South
1073:North
969:(PDF)
849:/wīw/
807:/ɛ́k/
772:with
710:/tɕʰ/
696:/síp/
692:/kōː/
393:every
142:JSTOR
128:books
3069:and
2586:and
2205:and
1911:Asia
1788:Fiji
1775:West
1691:Saba
1556:West
1476:West
1466:East
1029:and
839:and
831:and
825:/eː/
821:/ei/
723:and
688:/tɕ/
676:/dʒ/
596:lang
391:and
286:Thai
264:(or
114:news
3184:),
1033:of
944:doi
940:116
841:/w/
837:/j/
833:/u/
829:/i/
796:/w/
792:/n/
788:/l/
778:/ə/
774:/s/
755:/p/
751:/v/
747:/w/
743:/v/
733:/d/
731:or
729:/t/
725:/ð/
721:/θ/
706:/ʃ/
684:/s/
680:/k/
672:/z/
668:/g/
616:IPA
389:any
199:by
97:by
3512::
3188:,
3101:,
2771:,
2767:,
2763:,
956:^
938:.
934:.
922:^
906:^
682:,
670:,
601:,
367:,
363:,
348:+
276:,
272:,
268:,
59:.
3178:(
2198:†
2159:e
2152:t
2145:v
1019:e
1012:t
1005:v
950:.
946::
851:.
809:.
802:.
765:.
716:.
702:.
642:)
638:(
634:.
375:.
244:)
238:(
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
193:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
27:.
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