933:
1008:
1168:
1148:
876:, who became Crown Prince in 1353, attempted to seize power and came into conflict with Toghon Temür's aides, who dominated politics instead of the khan. During this time power was increasingly exercised by Lady Ki. Chief Empress Lady Ki and his minister persuaded Biligtü Khan to overthrow the latter. Toghon Temür was unable to conciliate the dispute but executed the minister. In 1364 the Shanxi-based warlord
749:, attempted to install El Tegüs as emperor but was stopped by Empress Budashiri. As a result, Toghon Temür was summoned back from Guangxi. El Temür feared that Toghon Temür, who was too mature to be a puppet, would take arms against him since he was suspected of the assassination of Toghon Temür's father, Emperor Mingzong. The enthronement was postponed for six months until El Temür died in 1333.
853:
888:, Biligtü Khan defeated Bolad Temür in the next year. This internal struggle resulted in further weakening of the political and military power of the central government. In 1365, Toghon Temür finally promoted his much beloved Lady Ki to First Empress and announced that his son by her would be the first in the line of succession.
789:
system. When Toghon Temür tried to promote Lady Ki to secondary wife, which was contrary to the standard practice of only taking secondary wives from Mongol clans, it created such opposition at court to this unheard of promotion for a Korean woman that he was forced to back down. In 1339, when Lady
868:
In 1354, when Toqto'a led a large army to crush the Red Turban rebels, Toghon Temür suddenly dismissed him for fear of betrayal. This resulted in the restoration of Toghon Temür's power but also a rapid weakening of the central government. Thus he had no choice but to rely on the forces of local
860:
Since the late 1340s, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters, droughts, floods, and ensuing famines. The lack of effective government policy led to a loss of support from the people. Illicit salt dealers who were disaffected by the government's salt monopoly raised a
836:
Toqto'a resigned his office with the approval of Toghon Temür in June 1344, which marked the end of his first administration. The several short-lived administrations that followed from 1344 and 1349 would develop an agenda very different from Toqto'a's. In 1347, the emperor forced Toqto'a into
763:, with whom he fell deeply in love. Lady Ki had been sent to China sometime in the late 1320s as "human tribute" as the kings of Goryeo were required to send a certain number of beautiful teenage girls to Yuan to serve as concubines after the Mongol invasions.
805:
With the dismissal of Bayan, Toqto'a seized the power of the court. His first administration clearly exhibited fresh new spirit. The young leader was quick to distinguish his regime as something wholly different from Bayan's. A new
818:), was decreed to show this. Bayan's purges were called off. Many of the great Chinese literati came back to the capital from voluntary retirement or from administrative exile and the imperial examination system was restored.
797:, who was in discord with Bayan, and banished Bayan in a coup. He also removed El Tegüs and Empress Budashiri from court. With the help of Toqto'a, he also managed to purge officials that had dominated the administration.
784:
became as powerful as El Temür had been. He served as minister of the
Secretariat and crushed a rebellion by El Temür's son Tang Ki-se. During his despotic rule, he made several purges and also suspended the
740:
respected his will to make the son of Kuśala's succeed to the throne instead of
Wenzong's own son, El Tegüs. However, it was not Toghon Temür but his younger half-brother Rinchinbal, who was enthroned as
821:
Toqto'a also gave a few early signs of a new and positive direction in central government. One of his successful projects was to finish the long-stalled official histories of the
93:
2481:
1105:
when it abandoned
Khanbaliq, and that the Yuan was overthrown in 1368. The Ming did not treat Toghon Temür after 1368 and his successor Ayushiridara as legitimate emperors.
686:, Zhao Xian, had an affair with Yuan Empress Mailaiti. Zhao Xian allegedly fathered Yuan Toghon Temür with Mailaiti. The Mongols circulated a similar story about the
1112:(順皇帝), which implied that he followed the Mandate of Heaven ceding his empire to the Ming. But the Northern Yuan dynasty gave him their own posthumous name
1288:
1957:
2512:
2445:
790:
Ki gave birth to a son, whom Toghon Temür decided would be his successor, he was finally able to have Lady Ki named his secondary wife in 1340.
912:
2477:
1640:
780:
as he was ward of El Tegüs' mother
Empress Dowager Budashiri, but he was controlled by warlords even after El Temür's death. Among them,
1576:
3046:
2159:
3061:
1950:
1066:
in the same year. The Yuan remnants ruled northern China and the
Mongolian Plateau while they continued to claim the title of
3051:
2461:
3101:
2433:
2429:
2168:
620:, which established the Ming dynasty, although the Yuan court under his rule remained in control of northern China and the
103:
2505:
2421:
2233:
995:
court sent it to their overlord, the Yuan emperor Toghon Temür, who then sent the fishermen back to Japan. In reply, the
3091:
3066:
3081:
1943:
1673:
1515:
975:, who stayed at Beijing three or four years. They brought gifts for Toghon Temür that included fine European horses.
971:
wrote to Pope
Benedict XII in 1336 asking for a new metropolitan. In 1338, the pope sent back the embassy headed by
2425:
2417:
3086:
2271:
2091:
1365:
1348:
698:
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2126:
1641:"China Exclusive: Korean Confucius descendants trace back to ancestor of family tree - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
1332:
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582:
536:
350:
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68:
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As Toghon Temür matured, he came to disfavor Bayan's autocratic rule. In 1340 he allied with Bayan's nephew
3056:
2756:
17:
2736:
2325:
2121:
1927:
1704:
1502:
The Buddha from Dölpo : a study of the life and thought of the
Tibetan master Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen
1276:
1123:
Even after Toghon Temür, there was still Yuan resistance to the Ming in the south. In southwestern China,
1059:
873:
172:
2538:
2152:
1917:
1657:
1399:
1081:
At the time of his death, the
Northern Yuan maintained its influence, stretching the domination from the
872:
Toghon Temür gradually lost interest in politics and ceased to intervene in political struggles. His son
826:
146:
1179:
932:
844:
In 1349, Toghon Temür recalled Toqto'a, which began Toqto'a's second and very different administration.
3096:
972:
2281:
2101:
710:
667:
Toghon Temür was born to Kuśala, known as
Khutughtu Khan or Emperor Mingzong, when he was in exile in
3005:
794:
1627:"China Exclusive: Korean Confucius descendants trace back to ancestor of family tree - China.org.cn"
2689:
2409:
2261:
2081:
1765:
1394:
916:
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after marrying a Korean woman (Jo Jin-gyeong's 曹晉慶 daughter) during Toghon Temür's rule. (Also see
2746:
2608:
1580:
1507:
3010:
2401:
694:
656:
2766:
1703:
In 1364 Bolod Temur (father of
Empress Bayan) brough his troops in the capital trying to depose
1608:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2405:
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1644:
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1043:
and Ming troops approached Hebei, Toghon Temür gave up Khanbaliq and fled to his summer base,
2771:
2437:
2413:
2397:
2286:
2106:
1871:
1389:
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and expelled the Crown Prince from the winter base. In alliance with the Henan-based warlord
862:
617:
610:
487:
249:
79:
1769:
1499:
3076:
3071:
2842:
1301:
1050:
In 1369 when Shangdu also fell under the Ming's occupation, Toghon Temür fled northward to
964:
786:
683:
672:
2847:
8:
2761:
1500:
1353:
781:
745:(Emperor Ningzong). However, he died only two months into his reign. The de facto ruler,
3000:
2693:
2669:
2571:
996:
955:
successfully extended a network of Catholic churches throughout the Mongol Empire from
520:
371:
2009:
27:
Khagan of the Mongol Empire, emperor of the Yuan and Northern Yuan dynasty (1320–1370)
2852:
2832:
1781:
1669:
1594:
1511:
1102:
952:
937:
621:
2806:
1506:(revised and enlarged ed.). Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications. pp.
2383:
2365:
2361:
2229:
1888:
1067:
811:
807:
709:. However, after Kuśala died and his younger brother was restored to the throne as
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598:
562:
528:
508:
179:
74:
1770:
1007:
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2837:
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2256:
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2111:
2076:
2022:
1830:
1459:
1270:
1200:
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1036:
908:
885:
861:
rebellion in 1348, triggering many revolts around the empire. Among them was the
742:
574:
426:
131:
2898:
2629:
1307:
Pure Consort, of the Cheng clan (淑妃 程氏) (1333 – 1368), personal name Yining (一寧)
2137:
1902:
1298:
1156:
1055:
1028:
1012:
948:
687:
205:
2216:
2206:
2041:
2003:
1935:
877:
3040:
2893:
2617:
2600:
2521:
2313:
2276:
2096:
2028:
1970:
1861:
1841:
1785:
1595:"South Korea home to 80,000 descendants of Confucius - People's Daily Online"
1361:
1314:
1242:
1128:
1071:
900:
625:
606:
570:
476:
287:
63:
2490:
2251:
2071:
1323:
Concubine Li (麗嬪), of the Zhang clan (張氏), personal name Ayuan/Axuan (阿元/阿玄)
2816:
2677:
2661:
2387:
2349:
2237:
2195:
2176:
1984:
1898:
1857:
1098:
1082:
1075:
1024:
892:
830:
822:
777:
680:
668:
616:
During the last years of his reign, the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the
594:
590:
471:
209:
2050:
2857:
2801:
2791:
2776:
2345:
2266:
2246:
2186:
2086:
2066:
2046:
1152:
1124:
1032:
760:
726:
640:
554:
553:; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his
438:
404:
1231:
1167:
746:
701:(Emperor Taiding) in 1328, Toghon Temür attended his father and entered
2918:
2827:
2811:
2751:
2563:
1837:
1263:
960:
753:
648:
310:
118:
1326:
Talented Lady (才人), of the Ning clan (凝氏), personal name Xiang'er (香兒)
2909:
2862:
2786:
2643:
2639:
2592:
2232:
in 1260, proclamation of the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and
1777:
1209:
1063:
1051:
896:
881:
737:
597:
and later the first emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty. Apart from
245:
1101:
had not been stable yet, the Ming considered that the Yuan lost the
2796:
2781:
1801:
1292:
1246:
1227:
1020:
706:
632:
459:
396:
264:
1230:(答纳失里皇后) (1320 – 1335), of the Kipchak tribe (钦察部人), daughter of
1147:
907:
era Korea and established a branch of the family there called the
856:
Rebels and warlords in 1363 during the late reign of Toghon Temur.
713:(Emperor Wenzong), he was kept from the court and was banished to
2722:
2685:
2621:
2588:
2558:
1311:
1267:
1136:
1094:
1044:
730:
722:
702:
676:
636:
498:
466:
454:
841:
with assistance from former officers of Kuśala and Yesün Temür.
2673:
2665:
2657:
2647:
2373:
2353:
2225:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1966:
1320:
Pure Consort, of the Ge clan (淑妃 戈氏), personal name Xiaoge (小娥)
1132:
1090:
992:
956:
904:
757:
714:
652:
602:
544:
92:
59:
1577:"Descendants of Confucius in South Korea Seek Roots in Quzhou"
736:
When Emperor Wenzong died in 1332, his widow, Empress Dowager
2888:
2681:
2625:
2604:
2200:
1990:
1040:
988:
984:
852:
838:
718:
899:' descendants, who was one of the Duke Yansheng Kong Huan's
865:, which started in 1351 and grew into a nationwide turmoil.
1427:
This temple name was conferred by the Northern Yuan dynasty
968:
941:
1558:
1556:
1245:(伯颜忽都皇后) (1324 – 1365), of the Hongjila clan (弘吉剌氏) from
967:, died in 1328. With the backing of the Toghon Temür, the
1023:
dynasty, conquering Southern China, and establishing the
999:
sent an embassy led by a monk to express its gratitude.
1553:
1418:
This posthumous name was conferred by the Ming dynasty
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
833:
dynasties, which were eventually completed in 1345.
671:. Toghon Temür's mother was Mailaiti, descendant of
1441:
1236:Prince Maha (摩訶王) (12 May 1334 – 23 November 1334)
1058:. He died there in 1370; his son succeeded him as
647:) and is considered a previous incarnation of the
1533:
1155:date to the Zhizheng era of Toghon Temür (1351).
679:. According to a folk legend, the former Chinese
3038:
2167:
1089:. There were also pro-Yuan, anti-Ming forces in
1965:
1716:Before becoming a concubine, she was a servant.
1279:(北元昭宗) (23 January 1340 – 28 April/26 May 1378)
1208:. It deals with his grieving after the loss of
1108:The Ming gave Toghon Temür the posthumous name
1070:, from which point they are referred to as the
922:
141:Himself as Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty
2360:) already started to use the Chinese title of
903:sons, named Kong Shao 孔紹, moved from China to
776:The new emperor appointed his cousin El Tegüs
2520:
2506:
2184:Early Mongol rulers posthumously honoured by
2153:
1951:
1131:", established a Yuan resistance movement in
416:
2356:(Great Khans) of the "Great Mongol State" (
1668:, edition of 1993 (original edition 1968),
936:Monument in honor of the rebuilding of the
279: 1333; executed 1335)
2513:
2499:
2160:
2146:
1958:
1944:
1347:Portrayed by Lee Suk-koo in the 2005–2006
991:fishing ship they thought was spying, the
624:. The remnant Yuan regime is known as the
325: 1365–1370)
302: 1337–1365)
91:
2988:Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652)
1035:and defeated the Yuan army in 1368. When
1707:and making Xueshan the new crown prince.
1146:
1006:
931:
851:
729:. While he was in exile, his stepmother
394:(Later) Zhiyuan (至元; Zhìyuán): 1335–1340
1881:Himself as Emperor of the Northern Yuan
1741:. Vol. 114: Concubine's Biography.
1497:
1221:Consorts and their respective issue(s):
1002:
288:Empress Bayan Khutugh of Khongirad clan
14:
3039:
1912:Himself as Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1694:参见叶子奇《草木子》卷三上《克谨篇》，中华书局点校本，第45页，1959年。
1074:. He was the longest-lived emperor of
1039:lost battles against the Ming general
164:Himself as Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
2494:
2141:
1939:
1764:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1447:
1341:
944:in Year 9 of the Zhizheng era (1349).
693:Following the civil war known as the
97:Emperor Huizong in a Chinese painting
1162:
1031:– conducted military expeditions to
959:to China between 1317 and 1343. The
662:
147:Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty
2224:Following Kublai's enthronement as
1772:The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949
1304:(淑妃 龍氏), personal name Ruijiao (瑞嬌)
1054:, which was located in present-day
24:
1719:
1139:that was not put down until 1381.
697:that broke out after the death of
392:Yuantong (元統; Yuántǒng): 1333–1335
25:
3113:
2927:Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636)
2240:in 1279, Yuan ruled all of China.
1333:Emperor Tianyuan of Northern Yuan
1277:Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan
1198:Mongolian chronicles such as the
1027:, Zhu Yuanzhang – crowned as the
927:
601:, he is also considered the last
3047:Great Khans of the Mongol Empire
2925:Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607)
2923:Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585)
1463:The Mongol Empire and its Legacy
1166:
752:In 1333, Toghon Temür first met
659:to teach him, but was rebuffed.
113:19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368
2962:Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
2958:Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
2941:Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576)
1745:
1710:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1651:
1633:
1619:
1601:
1587:
1569:
1566:, London: Palgrave, 2010 p. 57.
1550:, London: Palgrave, 2010 p. 56.
1475:The History of Mongol Conquests
1282:Miscarriage at 4 months in 1347
1097:. Even though its control over
800:
322:
299:
276:
2974:Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
2378:
1613:out next year -- china.org.cn"
1524:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1453:
1421:
1412:
771:
651:. He also notably invited the
593:, was the last emperor of the
586:
549:
540:
532:
417:
354:
47:
13:
1:
3062:14th-century Chinese monarchs
2939:Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572)
2446:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2348:announced the dynastic name "
1847:division of the Mongol Empire
1579:. 19 May 2014. Archived from
1434:
1127:, the self-styled "Prince of
847:
311:Empress Ki of Haengju Gi clan
3052:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
2945:Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636)
2943:Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624)
2169:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
1918:Emperor of the Northern Yuan
1864:also fell at the same time.
1204:include a poem known as the
1011:A statue of Toghon Temür in
923:Relations with other nations
265:Empress Danashiri of Kipchak
7:
3102:Mongolian Buddhist monarchs
2792:Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha
1872:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1666:Das Chinesische Kaiserreich
1400:List of Northern Yuan khans
1378:
1266:(奇皇后) (1315 – 1369) of the
390:Zhishun (至順; Zhìshùn): 1333
104:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
80:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
10:
3118:
2960:Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
2732:Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur
2386:since the enthronement of
1758:
1739:History of Yuan (Yuán Shǐ)
1291:(木納失裏) (1307 – 1372) from
1249:, daughter of Bolod Temür
3092:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
3067:14th-century Mongol khans
3006:Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji
2990:Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?)
2882:
2737:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
2713:
2551:
2529:
2391:
2369:
2338:
2312:
2303:
2175:
2059:
1977:
1928:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
1924:
1915:
1909:
1895:
1886:
1878:
1869:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1795:
1705:Crown Prince Ayushiridara
1215:
1142:
1116:(宣仁普孝皇帝) and temple name
1060:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
815:
566:
524:
504:
493:
483:
465:
453:
444:
437:
432:
425:
410:
403:
399:(至正; Zhìzhèng): 1341–1370
389:
384:
367:
362:
344:
339:
335:
255:
235:
220:
216:
201:
193:
185:
178:
173:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
168:
160:
152:
145:
137:
127:
117:
109:
102:
90:
53:
34:
3082:Child monarchs from Asia
2937:Mergen Jinong (d. 1542)
1405:
1395:List of Chinese monarchs
1287:Fourth Empress Consort:
1241:Second Empress Consort:
978:
766:
3011:Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji
2774:Bunyashiri (1403–1412)
2757:Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan
2742:Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
1856:Due to the collapse of
1498:Stearns, Cyrus (2010).
1262:Third Empress Consort:
1226:First Empress Consort:
973:Giovanni de' Marignolli
711:Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür
695:War of the Two Capitals
657:Dölpopa Shérab Gyeltsen
559:Emperor Huizong of Yuan
3087:Yuan dynasty Buddhists
2935:Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521)
2843:Darayisung Gödeng Khan
2535:Political organization
2321:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
2297:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
2060:Yuan (Kublaid) Khagans
1662:Fischer Weltgeschichte
1206:Lament of Toghon Temür
1160:
1114:Emperor Xuanren Puxiao
1016:
945:
857:
631:Emperor Huizong was a
2992:Sechen Khan (d. 1686)
2976:Chambun Khan (1670?–)
2809:(Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
2747:Jorightu Khan Yesüder
2382:) practically in the
1487:The Empire of Steppes
1390:List of Mongol rulers
1385:List of Yuan emperors
1297:Pure Consort, of the
1243:Empress Bayan Khutugh
1150:
1072:Northern Yuan dynasty
1010:
935:
855:
571:Northern Yuan dynasty
488:Khutughtu Khan Kusala
250:Northern Yuan dynasty
2769:Gulichi (1402–1408)
2597:Three Western Tumens
2581:Three Eastern Tumens
1845:(Nominal due to the
1751:She was a courtesan.
1257:Prince Xueshan (雪山王)
1253:Prince Zhenjin (真金王)
1019:After absorbing the
1003:Retreat to the north
965:John of Montecorvino
863:Red Turban Rebellion
787:imperial examination
684:Emperor Gong of Song
618:Red Turban Rebellion
613:(Emperor Mingzong).
579:Emperor Shun of Yuan
67:(Nominal due to the
35:Emperor Shun of Yuan
3057:Northern Yuan khans
2848:Tümen Jasaghtu Khan
1660:, Rolf Trauzettel:
1611:Confucius Genealogy
1583:on 4 February 2015.
1078:after Kublai Khan.
675:, the chief of the
628:in historiography.
3001:Ubasi Khong Tayiji
1564:A History of Korea
1548:A History of Korea
1342:In popular culture
1178:. You can help by
1161:
1017:
997:Ashikaga shogunate
946:
858:
609:. He was a son of
589:) bestowed by the
569:) bestowed by the
433:Emperor Shun (順皇帝)
156:1368 – 23 May 1370
3097:Founding monarchs
3034:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2853:Buyan Sechen Khan
2833:Bars Bolud Jinong
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2543:Independent khans
2488:
2487:
2135:
2134:
2038:
2019:
2000:
1934:
1933:
1925:Succeeded by
1896:Succeeded by
1879:Succeeded by
1802:House of Borjigin
1647:on 12 March 2016.
1562:Kyung Moon Hwang
1546:Kyung Moon Hwang
1364:in the 2013-2014
1289:Empress Munashiri
1228:Empress Danashiri
1196:
1195:
1103:Mandate of Heaven
1062:and retreated to
953:Pope Benedict XII
938:Temple of Yan Hui
909:Gong clan of Qufu
663:Before succession
622:Mongolian Plateau
514:
513:
449:
448:
69:empire's division
16:(Redirected from
3109:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2772:Öljei Temür Khan
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2532:
2531:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2395:
2393:
2384:Chinese language
2380:
2371:
2331:Tianyuan Emperor
2307:
2277:Tianshun Emperor
2242:
2192:
2190:as Yuan emperors
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2092:Yesün Temür Khan
2032:
2013:
1994:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1910:Preceded by
1889:Emperor of China
1828:Preceded by
1818:
1811:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1775:
1766:Moule, Arthur C.
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1685:died at age of 2
1683:
1677:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1643:. Archived from
1637:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1335:(兀思哈勒汗, b. 1342)
1310:Consort, of the
1191:
1188:
1170:
1163:
1068:Emperor of China
817:
808:Chinese era name
645:Tibetan Buddhism
599:Emperor of China
588:
568:
551:
542:
534:
529:Mongolian script
526:
509:Tibetan Buddhism
497:Mailaiti of the
420:
419:
414:
411:Ukhaghatu Khan (
356:
348:
337:
336:
326:
324:
303:
301:
280:
278:
242:
230:
228:
180:Emperor of China
95:
75:Emperor of China
49:
45:
39:
32:
31:
21:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2980:Shara (d. 1687)
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2954:Abtai Sain Khan
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2838:Bodi Alagh Khan
2836:
2831:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2767:Örüg Temür Khan
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2525:
2519:
2489:
2484:
2396:
2388:Genghis Emperor
2340:
2334:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2272:Taiding Emperor
2222:
2182:
2171:
2166:
2136:
2131:
2112:Rinchinbal Khan
2055:
2010:Töregene Khatun
1973:
1964:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1892:
1882:
1875:
1851:
1844:
1833:
1831:Rinchinbal Khan
1812:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1735:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1656:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1473:J. J. Saunders
1472:
1468:
1460:Michael Prawdin
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1381:
1344:
1218:
1201:Erdeniin Tobchi
1192:
1186:
1183:
1176:needs expansion
1145:
1087:Altai Mountains
1005:
981:
930:
925:
850:
803:
774:
769:
743:Rinchinbal Khan
721:) and later to
665:
635:student of the
575:posthumous name
550:Tuǒhuāntiēmù'ěr
475:
427:Posthumous name
412:
395:
393:
391:
380:
377:
357:
349:
346:
331:
328:
320:
316:
313:
305:
297:
293:
290:
282:
274:
270:
267:
244:
240:
226:
224:
197:Rinchinbal Khan
132:Rinchinbal Khan
98:
85:
77:
66:
46:
43:
42:
40:
37:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3017:
2998:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2972:Subandai Khan
2968:
2966:
2951:
2949:
2933:
2931:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2825:
2823:
2807:Markörgis Khan
2762:Gün Temür Khan
2729:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2655:
2653:
2637:
2635:
2615:
2613:
2609:Yunshebu Tümen
2578:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2568:Notable cities
2566:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2358:Ikh Mongol Uls
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Khutughtu Khan
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2044:
2039:
2025:
2020:
2006:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:Hongwu Emperor
1897:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1853:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:Regnal titles
1820:
1819:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1718:
1709:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1658:Herbert Franke
1650:
1632:
1618:
1612:
1600:
1586:
1568:
1552:
1532:
1523:
1516:
1490:
1485:René Grousset
1478:
1466:
1452:
1450:, p. 104.
1439:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1308:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1217:
1214:
1194:
1193:
1173:
1171:
1157:British Museum
1144:
1141:
1056:Inner Mongolia
1029:Hongwu Emperor
1004:
1001:
980:
977:
963:of Khanbaliq,
949:Pope John XXII
929:
928:Avignon Papacy
926:
924:
921:
849:
846:
802:
799:
773:
770:
768:
765:
733:was executed.
688:Yongle Emperor
664:
661:
639:(heads of the
512:
511:
506:
502:
501:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
469:
463:
462:
457:
451:
450:
447:
446:
442:
441:
435:
434:
430:
429:
423:
422:
408:
407:
401:
400:
387:
386:
382:
381:
379:
378:
375:
368:
365:
364:
360:
359:
342:
341:
333:
332:
330:
329:
318:
314:
309:
308:
306:
295:
291:
286:
285:
283:
272:
268:
263:
262:
259:
257:
253:
252:
243:(aged 49)
237:
233:
232:
222:
218:
217:
214:
213:
206:Hongwu Emperor
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
100:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
83:
72:
55:
51:
50:
41:Ukhaghatu Khan
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:(c.1609–1623)
3002:
2997:
2994:
2985:
2982:
2970:Laikhur Khan
2967:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2932:
2929:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2782:Oyiradai Khan
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:List of Khans
2537:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:Northern Yuan
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2314:Northern Yuan
2311:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2238:Southern Song
2235:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Ukhaantu Khan
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Ragibagh Khan
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2029:Oghul Qaimish
2026:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:Early Khagans
1976:
1972:
1971:Mongol Empire
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Mongol Empire
1859:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:Mongol Empire
1839:
1832:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1797:Toghon Temür
1794:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1675:
1674:3-596-60019-7
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1519:
1517:9781559393430
1513:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:Ji Chang-wook
1360:Portrayed by
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:Gyoha No clan
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:clan (幸州 奇氏)
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1174:This section
1172:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1013:Mongol Castle
1009:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
939:
934:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
866:
864:
854:
845:
842:
840:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
813:
809:
798:
796:
791:
788:
783:
779:
764:
762:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
682:
681:Southern Song
678:
674:
670:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
626:Northern Yuan
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
607:Mongol Empire
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
546:
538:
530:
522:
518:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
486:
482:
478:
477:Northern Yuan
473:
470:
468:
464:
461:
458:
456:
452:
443:
440:
436:
431:
428:
424:
413:ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
409:
406:
402:
398:
388:
383:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
352:
343:
338:
334:
312:
307:
289:
284:
266:
261:
260:
258:
254:
251:
247:
238:
234:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
94:
89:
86:
81:
76:
73:
70:
65:
64:Mongol Empire
61:
57:
56:
52:
48:ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
33:
30:
19:
2999:
2987:
2969:
2956:(1567–1588)
2952:
2934:
2921:(1521–1582)
2917:
2865:(1634–1635)
2860:(1604–1634)
2855:(1592–1604)
2850:(1557–1592)
2845:(1547–1557)
2840:(1516–1547)
2830:(1480–1516)
2826:
2819:(1475–1479)
2817:Manduul Khan
2814:(1465–1466)
2804:(1453–1454)
2794:(1433–1452)
2789:(1425–1438)
2784:(1415–1425)
2779:(1411–1415)
2764:(1399–1402)
2759:(1394–1399)
2754:(1391–1394)
2749:(1388–1391)
2744:(1378–1388)
2739:(1370–1378)
2734:(1368–1370)
2731:
2730:
2678:Khong Tayiji
2656:
2638:
2630:Dörbet Oirat
2616:
2596:
2580:
2579:
2434:N. Dynasties
2430:S. Dynasties
2377:
2357:
2341:
2320:
2296:
2223:
2221:
2189:
2183:
2122:Biligtü Khan
2116:
2102:Jayaatu Khan
2082:Buyantu Khan
2072:Öljeytü Khan
2027:
2008:
1989:
1985:Genghis Khan
1916:
1899:Ming dynasty
1887:
1870:
1858:Yuan dynasty
1855:
1836:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1771:
1747:
1738:
1712:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1645:the original
1635:
1621:
1603:
1589:
1581:the original
1571:
1563:
1547:
1526:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1443:
1423:
1414:
1369:
1352:
1252:
1220:
1219:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1184:
1180:adding to it
1175:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1110:Emperor Shun
1109:
1107:
1099:China proper
1083:Sea of Japan
1080:
1049:
1025:Ming dynasty
1018:
982:
947:
893:Yuan dynasty
890:
874:Biligtü Khan
871:
867:
859:
843:
835:
820:
810:, Zhizheng (
804:
801:Middle reign
792:
778:crown prince
775:
751:
735:
692:
669:Central Asia
666:
630:
615:
595:Yuan dynasty
591:Ming dynasty
578:
558:
548:
517:Toghon Temür
516:
515:
445:Huizong (惠宗)
376:Toghon Temür
358:Toghon Temür
241:(1370-05-23)
210:Ming dynasty
123:19 July 1333
54:
29:
18:Toghon Temur
3077:1370 deaths
3072:1320 births
3013:(1652–1667)
3008:(1623–1652)
2858:Ligdan Khan
2802:Esen Taishi
2777:Delbeg Khan
2524:(1368–1635)
2426:16 Kingdoms
2352:" in 1271,
2127:Uskhal Khan
2087:Gegeen Khan
2067:Setsen Khan
2047:Kublai Khan
2042:Möngke Khan
2004:Ögedei Khan
1817:23 May 1370
1810:25 May 1320
1737:Song Lian.
1212:(Beijing).
1153:David Vases
1125:Basalawarmi
1033:North China
987:captured a
913:曲阜孔氏 (朝鲜半岛)
891:During the
878:Bolad Temür
772:Early reign
727:South China
699:Yesün Temür
673:Arslan Khan
649:Tai Situpas
641:Karma Kagyu
573:and by his
555:temple name
525:Тогоонтөмөр
479:(1368–1370)
474:(1333–1368)
439:Temple name
405:Regnal name
345:Mongolian:
239:23 May 1370
231:25 May 1320
194:Predecessor
161:Predecessor
128:Predecessor
3041:Categories
2919:Altan Khan
2828:Dayan Khan
2812:Molon Khan
2752:Engke Khan
2690:Councellor
2564:Four Oirat
2557:Six Tumen
2418:3 Kingdoms
2394:) in 1206.
2350:Great Yuan
2077:Külüg Khan
2023:Güyük Khan
1991:Tolui Khan
1922:1368–1370
1893:1333–1368
1876:1333–1368
1852:1333–1368
1838:Great Khan
1776:. London:
1448:Moule 1957
1435:References
1371:Empress Ki
1368:TV series
1351:TV series
1271:Haengju Gi
1264:Empress Gi
1187:April 2021
1076:Yuan China
1037:Köke Temür
961:archbishop
886:Köke Temür
869:warlords.
848:Late reign
643:school of
533:ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ
372:Given name
347:ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ
227:1320-05-25
119:Coronation
2910:Khotogoid
2863:Ejei Khan
2835:(deputy)
2787:Adai Khan
2644:Karakorum
2640:Yingchang
2593:Uriankhai
2252:Chengzong
2051:Ariq Böke
1860:in 1368,
1786:223359908
1778:Routledge
1676:, p. 237.
1664:vol. 19:
1302:Long clan
1210:Khanbaliq
1064:Karakorum
1052:Yingchang
983:When the
897:Confucius
895:, one of
882:Khanbaliq
880:occupied
761:concubine
738:Budashiri
521:Mongolian
385:Era dates
363:Full name
246:Yingchang
202:Successor
189:1333–1368
169:Successor
138:Successor
2978:Zenggün
2797:Agbarjin
2326:Zhaozong
2292:Ningzong
2287:Mingzong
2267:Yingzong
2234:conquest
2217:Xianzong
2212:Dingzong
2203:(regent)
1768:(1957).
1379:See also
1354:Shin Don
1329:Unknown
1293:Onggirat
1247:Onggirat
1232:El Temür
1021:Chen Han
989:Japanese
747:El Temür
717:(modern
707:Mongolia
637:Karmapas
633:Buddhist
505:Religion
460:Borjigin
397:Zhizheng
2903:Jasagtu
2899:Tüsheet
2799:(1453)
2719:Unified
2686:Tarkhan
2622:Torghut
2585:Khalkha
2559:Mongols
2379:Huángdì
2366:Chinese
2362:Emperor
2354:Khagans
2344:Before
2282:Wenzong
2262:Renzong
2230:Emperor
2207:Taizong
2201:Ruizong
1969:of the
1840:of the
1759:Sources
1317:(妃交河盧氏)
1299:Chinese
1137:Guizhou
1118:Huizong
1095:Guizhou
1085:to the
1045:Shangdu
985:Koreans
812:Chinese
795:Toqto'a
754:Lady Gi
731:Babusha
723:Guangxi
703:Shangdu
677:Karluks
655:savant
605:of the
583:Chinese
577:as the
563:Chinese
557:as the
537:Chinese
499:Karluks
467:Dynasty
351:Chinese
327:
319:
315:
304:
296:
292:
281:
273:
269:
256:Spouses
62:of the
2906:Sechen
2723:Chahar
2674:Jinong
2670:Taishi
2666:Khatun
2658:Khagan
2648:Hohhot
2618:Choros
2589:Chahar
2572:Titles
2458:W. Xia
2376::
2374:pinyin
2368::
2346:Kublai
2257:Wuzong
2226:Khagan
2187:Kublai
2035:Regent
2016:Regent
1997:Regent
1967:Khagan
1813:
1784:
1672:
1530:《庚申外史》
1514:
1312:Korean
1268:Korean
1216:Family
1143:Legacy
1133:Yunnan
1120:(惠宗).
1091:Yunnan
993:Goryeo
957:Crimea
905:Goryeo
814::
758:Korean
715:Goryeo
653:Jonang
611:Kusala
603:Khagan
585::
565::
547::
545:pinyin
539::
494:Mother
484:Father
353::
78:(11th
2894:Ordos
2889:Tumed
2682:Noyan
2626:Khoid
2605:Tumed
2601:Ordos
2402:Shang
2392:成吉思皇帝
2342:Note:
2247:Shizu
2196:Taizu
1815:Died:
1808:Born:
1609:"New
1510:–31.
1406:Notes
1129:Liang
1041:Xu Da
979:Japan
969:Alans
917:곡부 공씨
839:Gansu
782:Bayan
767:Reign
719:Korea
705:from
541:妥懽貼睦爾
455:House
418:烏哈噶圖汗
355:妥懽帖睦爾
340:Names
321:(
317:
298:(
294:
275:(
271:
186:Reign
153:Reign
110:Reign
58:15th
44:烏哈噶圖汗
2694:Wang
2662:Khan
2474:Qing
2470:Ming
2466:Yuan
2454:Song
2450:Liao
2442:Tang
2406:Zhou
2177:Yuan
2033:(as
2014:(as
1995:(as
1782:OCLC
1670:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1151:The
1135:and
1093:and
951:and
942:Qufu
915:and
831:Song
829:and
823:Liao
756:, a
472:Yuan
236:Died
221:Born
60:Khan
2482:PRC
2478:ROC
2462:Jīn
2438:Sui
2422:Jìn
2414:Han
2410:Qin
2398:Xia
2236:of
1366:MBC
1349:MBC
1182:.
940:in
827:Jin
725:in
587:元順帝
567:元惠宗
38:元順帝
3043::
2480:/
2476:→
2472:→
2468:→
2464:→
2460:/
2456:/
2452:/
2448:→
2444:→
2440:→
2436:→
2432:/
2428:→
2424:/
2420:→
2416:→
2412:→
2408:→
2404:→
2400:→
2372:;
2370:皇帝
2049:/
1901::
1849:)
1780:.
1721:^
1555:^
1535:^
1508:30
1047:.
919:)
901:孔浣
825:,
816:至正
690:.
543:;
535:;
531::
527:;
523::
415:;
374::
323:m.
300:m.
277:m.
248:,
2514:e
2507:t
2500:v
2390:(
2364:(
2306:元
2228:-
2161:e
2154:t
2147:v
2037:)
2018:)
1999:)
1959:e
1952:t
1945:v
1788:.
1629:.
1615:.
1597:.
1520:.
1374:.
1357:.
1189:)
1185:(
1159:.
1015:.
581:(
561:(
519:(
421:)
229:)
225:(
212:)
208:(
82:)
71:)
20:)
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