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Monarchs of the
Mexican Empire, Whose Effigies Adorn the Arch Erected by the Very Noble Imperial City of Mexico". The structure included niches for the Aztec monarchs of Mexico along with the Aztec god Huitzilopochtli to indicate to the viceroy that Mexico had a royal history prior to its becoming New Spain. Sor Juana's arch took the allegorical theme of Neptune. The title of her explanatory publication was "Allegorical Neptune, Ocean of Colors, Political Simulacrum, Erected by the Noble, Holy, and August Metropolitan Church of Mexico City, in the Magnificent Allegorical Concepts of a Triumphal Arch Solicitously Consecrated and Lovingly Dedicated to the Joyful Entrance of the Most Excellent Don Tomás Antonio de la Cerda, Count of Paredes, Marquess de la Laguna, Viceroy, Governor, and Captain General of Our New Spain". Choosing the theme of "allegorical Neptune" might be her allusion to the viceroy's noble title Marquess de la Laguna (marquess of the lake) and "the arch was a model of the virtues of kings and princes such as Neptune and the Viceroy."The viceroy became a patron of Sor Juana, continuing the practice dating from viceroy
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460:. Insufficiently garrisoned, the port fell. The inhabitants were shut up in the churches while the pirates sacked the city. They held it from 17 May to 23 May 1683. When Spanish forces arrived at Veracruz to do battle, the pirates quickly took to the sea. They left with enormous quantities of merchandise and 1,500 hostages. The booty was subsequently estimated at 7 million pesos. After leaving Veracruz, the pirates went on to attack Campeche and Yucatán.
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480:. He was arrested at Cuetlaxcoapa (Puebla), accused of being one of Lorencillo's pirates. From there he was taken to Mexico City in chains. On 12 July 1684 he was conducted to the scaffold, but when he appeared there was an eclipse of the sun. Although the people viewed this as Heaven's displeasure at the execution of an innocent, he was executed anyway.
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Tomás
Antonio Manuel Lorenzo de la Cerda y Aragón, tercer marqués de la Laguna de Camero Viejo, Grande de España, caballero de la orden de Alcántara, comendador de la Moraleja, maestre de campo del Tercio Provincial de las Milicias de Sevilla, ministro del Consejo y Cámara de Indias, capitán general
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birth. Sigüenza was a creole patriot, "who sought to endow the imperial city of Mexico with both a distinguished past and a glorious present". He published an explanation of the themes of his triumphal arch for the new viceroy, "The
Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, Observed in the Ancient
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when he arrived in the capital, but published a scathing dismissal on religious grounds of Sigüenza's scientific views on the comet of 1680. Sigüenza's publication was dedicated to the wife of the viceroy, the
Marchioness of La Laguna. Kino's rejection of Sigüenza's views were dedicated to the
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In 1681 Tomás de la Cerda
Manrique de Lara sent another expedition to California, this one under the command of Captain Isidro Otondo. The expedition was charged with conquering the Indians and colonizing the territory. They explored the coast of Baja California as far as
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or Popé's Revolt (after the name of the leader). The
Indians killed all the Europeans they encountered, among them colonists, soldiers and missionaries. Twenty-one Franciscan missionaries were killed on 10 August 1680. The Indians mounted a surprise attack on
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439:, from southern Germany, and later famous as a missionary, explorer and colonizer of Baja California, Sonora and Arizona. Kino had just arrived in New Spain, on 3 May 1681, was briefly friendly with Don
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de mar Océano, del Ejército y Costas de
Andalucía, Virrey de Galicia, Virrey gobernador y capitán general de Nueva España y presidente de su Real Audiencia, Mayordomo mayor de la reina Mariana de Baviera
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viceroy himself. Kino had come to New Spain as a missionary. Like the previous expeditions, this one was unsuccessful. It lasted three years and cost 225,000 pesos.
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Two triumphal arches to welcome the new viceroy were commissioned. One was designed by seventeenth-century savant and professor at the
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On 22 May 1683, Antonio
Benavides, marques de San Vicente disembarked at Veracruz. Better known subsequently as the impostor
496:. The viceroy and his wife, María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, had a friendly relationship with the great Mexican poet
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but never assumed the position, as he was almost immediately re-appointed to the more important of viceroy of
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to pursue the rebel
Indians, but they refused to give battle. He also enlarged the garrisons of the region.
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The First
America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1867
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Don Tomás de la Cerda was named viceroy of New Spain to replace Archbishop
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534:. Enciclopedia de México (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Mexico City. 1996.
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476:(royal inspector) and governor of New Spain appointed by Queen Regent
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Tomás de la Cerda y Aragón, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo
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The viceroy repopulated the town of Santa Fe with 300 Spanish and
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During his term of office, 25,000 Pueblo Indians in 24 pueblos of
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María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, 11th Countess of Paredes
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Viceroy's de la Cerda's term was extended three years by king
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567:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua.
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on 30 November 1680 and took charge of the government.
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694:, Cambridge: Belnap Press of Harvard University 1988.
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511:. Later he was majordomo (head steward) to queen
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599:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Panorama Editorial.
580:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Panorama Editorial.
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104: and the second or maternal family name is
669:Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication
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291:from 1680 to 1686. He is better known as the
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161:30 November 1680 – 16 November 1686
672:. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1913.
532:Cerda Manrique de Lara, Tomás Antonio de la
503:In 1689 in Spain he became a member of the
494:Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova
319:Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli
18:Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna
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554:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
390:rose against the Spanish and known as the
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365:and the other by nun and acclaimed poet,
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1296:Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo
43:This article includes a list of general
712:, New York: Cambridge University Press.
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410:families, giving it the title of city (
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515:. He died on 22 April 1692 in Madrid.
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323:María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga
1276:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
1120:Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta
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295:, though he held this title only as
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376:Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo
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309:Don Tomás de la Cerda was born in
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1347:Knights of the Order of Alcántara
1291:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
1188:Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa
595:Orozco Linares, Fernando (1988).
572:Orozco Linares, Fernando (1985).
1022:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
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345:. He made his formal entry into
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1213:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
1100:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
1012:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
431:, and then returned to port in
1208:Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
660:
649:Rabadán, Abel Salgado (1995).
182:Bishop Payo Enríquez de Rivera
13:
1:
1154:Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón
997:García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
652:Manual de cultura guerrerense
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563:García Purón, Manuel (1984).
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353:Triumphal Arches in his Honor
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1173:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
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441:Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
382:Pueblo Indian Revolt of 1680
363:Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
96:, the first or paternal
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1286:Félix María Calleja del Rey
1247:Félix Berenguer de Marquina
1237:Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca
1203:Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid
1198:Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo
1076:José Sarmiento y Valladares
1027:Antonio Sebastián de Toledo
597:Fechas Históricas de México
10:
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953:Diego Fernández de Córdoba
894:Martín Enríquez de Almanza
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452:On 17 May 1683 the pirate
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1017:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
992:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
972:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
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909:Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga
899:Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza
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367:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
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27:Spanish noble (1638–1692)
1281:Francisco Javier Venegas
1193:Martín de Mayorga Ferrer
1149:Juan Francisco de Güemes
1002:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
565:México y sus gobernantes
416:Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain
1337:Marquesses of la Laguna
1130:Pedro Cebrián y Agustín
1051:Payo Enríquez de Rivera
1007:Luis Enríquez de Guzmán
982:Lope Díez de Armendáriz
904:Pedro Moya de Contreras
614:Hobbs, Nicolas (2007).
343:Payo Enríquez de Rivera
337:As viceroy of New Spain
64:more precise citations.
1301:Juan O'Donojú y O'Ryan
1232:Juan Vicente de Güemes
1105:Fernando de Alencastre
1095:Juan Ortega y Montañés
1071:Juan Ortega y Montañés
938:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
788:José María de la Cerda
777:Laguna de Camero Viejo
519:Additional information
456:with 800 men attacked
276:
1332:Viceroys of New Spain
1242:Miguel José de Azanza
1178:Joaquín de Montserrat
750:The Count of Monclova
576:Gobernantes de México
505:Council of the Indies
194:The Count of Monclova
1061:Melchor Portocarrero
739:Viceroy of New Spain
708:D. A. Brading,
359:University of Mexico
149:Viceroy of New Spain
1342:House of Medinaceli
1252:José de Iturrigaray
987:Diego López Pacheco
768:Antonio de la Cerda
722:Government offices
616:"Grandes de España"
472:, he claimed to be
448:Capture of Veracruz
1110:Baltasar de Zúñiga
1066:Gaspar de la Cerda
849:Antonio de Mendoza
732:Enríquez de Rivera
513:Mariana of Austria
478:Mariana of Austria
116:The Most Excellent
1352:Grandees of Spain
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889:Gastón de Peralta
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784:Succeeded by
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474:visitador general
422:Otondo expedition
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212:24 December 1638
204:Personal details
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620:. Retrieved
618:(in Spanish)
596:
575:
564:
531:
502:
487:
473:
467:
451:
437:Eusebio Kino
425:
411:
405:
385:
371:illegitimate
356:
340:
308:
297:
292:
260:
259:
230:(1692-04-22)
189:Succeeded by
156:
105:
101:
94:Spanish name
76:
67:
48:
1327:1692 deaths
1322:1638 births
1269:(1809–1821)
1225:(1789–1809)
1166:(1760–1789)
1164:Charles III
1142:(1746–1760)
1088:(1701–1746)
1039:(1665–1701)
965:(1621–1665)
931:(1603–1621)
882:(1566–1603)
842:(1535–1564)
833:(1535–1821)
828:Viceroys of
775:Marquess of
347:Mexico City
177:Preceded by
102:de la Cerda
70:August 2020
62:introducing
1316:Categories
1223:Charles IV
1037:Charles II
929:Philip III
781:1671–1692
743:1680–1686
633:References
622:15 October
490:Charles II
484:Later life
454:Lorencillo
388:New Mexico
305:Early life
271:(in full,
170:Charles II
45:references
963:Philip IV
880:Philip II
840:Charles V
831:New Spain
692:Sor Juana
550:cite book
470:El Tapado
464:El tapado
331:New Spain
311:Cogolludo
289:New Spain
215:Cogolludo
157:In office
1086:Philip V
458:Veracruz
397:Santa Fe
92:In this
524:Sources
433:Navidad
408:mestizo
327:Galicia
298:consort
287:and of
285:Galicia
273:Spanish
166:Monarch
98:surname
58:improve
603:
584:
538:
507:and a
429:La Paz
412:ciudad
245:Spouse
235:Madrid
106:Aragón
47:, but
674:p.469
315:Spain
239:Spain
219:Spain
147:28th
730:Payo
657:p.19
624:2008
601:ISBN
582:ISBN
556:link
536:ISBN
361:Don
225:Died
209:Born
278:Don
269:KOA
127:KOA
100:is
1318::
699:^
679:^
641:^
552:}}
548:{{
500:.
378:.
333:.
313:,
301:.
275::
267:,
265:GE
263:,
237:,
217:,
124:GE
820:e
813:t
806:v
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558:)
544:.
108:.
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