133:
600:, woodcarving knives, etc.) This type of craftsmanship can still be done today, but it is expensive in terms of skilled labor time per unit of output, and therefore it implies small total output volume and high unit price. However, today the way to make rifles in large quantity with low unit price is to first do the tool-and-die work (toolroom work) (that is, make, or have someone else make, machine tools, jigs, and fixtures), and then use those specialized tools to mass-produce the rifles in an automated way that involves no toolroom methods.
404:, and others, has limited the use of jigs in manufacturing, however all the computer run machines need some sort of clamping fixture for production runs. A common example is that a drill jig is not needed to guide the drill bits to the hole centers if it is done on a CNC, since it is Computer Numerically Controlled. However, fixtures are still needed to hold the part in place for the operation needed. Jigs are currently needed in many areas of manufacturing but mainly for low-volume production.
33:
427:. This often includes making punches, dies, steel rule dies, and die sets. Precision is essential in die making; punches and die steels must maintain proper clearance to produce parts accurately, and it is often necessary to have components machined with tolerances of less than one thousandth of an inch.
627:
availability by setting it up for dedicated use with that fixture? The drill press may be needed tomorrow for a different part, with a different setup. For 100 parts, the costs of making a fixture and tying up a machine's availability are justified. For 5 parts, maybe one should just make each of the
376:
A jig and fixture maker is under the faction of a tool and die maker/toolmaker. The standard differentiation of jigs from fixtures is that a jig guides the tool for the operation being carried out while a fixture simply secures the work. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A jig and fixture
384:
Jig/fixture makers gain hands on practical experience while monitoring and making alterations as the manufacturing process is constantly improved and reviewed with/by engineering. They also can be required to make these adjustments without engineering help, depending on the size of the company. Some
358:
with an employer, possibly including a mix of classroom training and hands-on experience. Some prior qualifications in basic mathematics, science, engineering science or design and technology can be valuable. Many tool and die makers attend a 4- to 5-year apprenticeship program to achieve the status
654:
In large corporations there may be a very distinct division of labor between toolroom work and production machining, with different employees for each, whereas job-shop work is often a blend of toolroom work and production work, because each project requires some of both, and the same employees may
363:
tool and die maker. Today's employment relationships often differ in name and detail from the traditional arrangement of an apprenticeship, and the terms "apprentice" and "journeyman" are not always used, but the idea of a period of years of on-the-job training leading to mastery of the field still
575:
itself and the tool-and-die work that is done in support of the manufacturing. Anecdotal examples of similar distinctions can probably be found here and there throughout human history, but as a widespread part of the "fabric" of material culture, this distinction (and the terminology with which to
539:
whereby the people who made, repaired, kept records of, stored, and retrieved tools were not necessarily the same people who used the tools to do the manufacturing work itself. Examples of such division of labor had existed in prior centuries, but most manufacturing had been done on a craft basis,
534:
refers to the storage of tools. A broader use of the term includes reference to a space where tools are made, repaired, inventoried, and/or distributed for use within the factory. This extension of the latter sense reflects the development of greater systemization in manufacturing. During the 19th
388:
Properly built jigs and fixtures reduce waste by ensuring perfectly fitting parts. Jigs and fixtures can be as big as a car or be held in hand. Production needs dictate form and function. Jigs, fixtures and gages are needed to maintain quality standards for repeated low and high volume production
622:
The manufacturing of small batches has often presented the biggest challenge to this division of methods. When only a small batch of output is demanded, will one (a) produce each piece using "custom" methods (handcrafting or toolroom-style layout and machining), which drives up unit cost; or (b)
316:
between the careers, as one person may end up working in both at different times of their life, depending on the turns of their particular educational and career path. There was no codified difference between them during the 19th century and earlier parts of the 20th century; it was only after
367:
In the United States, tool and die makers who graduate from NTMA (National
Tooling and Machining Association) have gone through 4 years of college courses as well as 10,000 working hours in order to complete their apprenticeship. They are also accredited through the U.S. Department of Labor.
472:
in the original sense of the word is a room where tools are stored; a tool crib. In larger companies, the tools stored there must be checked in and out, and there may be a person assigned to attend the area. In a factory, the toolroom refers to a space where artifacts are made and repaired,
563:
In engineering and manufacturing, a toolroom is everything related to tool-and-die facilities and methods, in contrast to the factory floor and production line activity. For people not familiar with these fields, in order to understand the specialist usage, some explanation is needed:
459:
One person may be called upon for all of the above activities, and the skills and concepts involved overlap, which is why tool and die making is often viewed as one field and is also why mold making is often viewed as a subset thereof (rather than a totally separate field).
380:
They are often advised by an engineer in building the devices. A wide knowledge of various materials is needed beyond wood and metal such as plastics. They also can create, design and build without engineering plans/bluprints.
321:
that engineering became a regulated profession exclusively defined by a university or college engineering degree. Both careers require some level of talent in both artistic/artisanal/creative areas and math-and-science areas.
451:, or even whole machine tools used to manufacture, hold, or test products during their fabrication. Due to the unique nature of a tool maker's work, it is often necessary to fabricate custom tools or modify standard tools.
595:
was made in a workshop by a craftsman using hand tools, and if he needed a new tool, it is likely that he would make it himself using the same tools and methods that he would use to make his product, the rifle (smithy,
377:
maker needs to know how to use an assortment of machines to build these devices such as having skills in welding and in some cases the knowledge of wood working equipment, of course with the tool room machining skills.
345:
skills to their daily work. Today's tool and die makers are generally required to have all of the traditional skills plus substantial digital skills; these formidable requirements make the field challenging to master.
151:. Tool and die makers work primarily in toolroom environments—sometimes literally in one room but more often in an environment with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled
623:
maintain the capital-cost-intensive toolroom-production division, which also drives up unit costs in its own ways? In other words, is it worth one's time to make a fixture, and is it worth tying up a
603:
Another example, instead of comparing different centuries, simply compares different methods of toolpath control that could be chosen today: If you need a certain hole location on each part for your
651:, which shift the toolroom-production division by giving an up-front toolroom investment the flexibility to be quickly and easily used for any product design, with batch size irrelevant.
253:
developed by the toolmaker, engineers or technologists, tool makers lay out the design on the raw material (usually metal), then cut it to size and shape using manually controlled
571:
there is a rough but recurring division between (a) toolroom practice and (b) production practice (the making of large numbers of duplicate parts). It is the difference between
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159:) who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and with substantial period of on-the-job training that is functionally an
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particularly tools for use throughout the rest of the factory, jigs for setups, and other parts to assist workers and, as an extension, production. In
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A good, simplistic way to summarize the change in ideas is to compare the making of a certain product in different time periods. In 1750, a
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Jigs and fixtures require electronic and pneumatic actuation, which will involve knowledge/training in these fields as well.
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senses to all such places and the methods used there, regardless of the physical space. The name was originally styled
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Tool making typically means making tooling used to produce products. Common tooling includes metal forming rolls,
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481:, toolroom activity is everything related to tool-and-die facilities in contrast to production line activity.
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and its integration into manufacturing is changing the questions and equations still further. For example,
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308:. Manufacturing engineers and tool and die makers often work in close consultation as part of a
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where there had been no need for the idea of a toolroom separate from the rest of the workshop.
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The word used in this sense is attested in written
English at least as early as 1829.
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Die making is a subdiscipline of tool making that focuses on making and maintaining
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Although the details of training programs vary, many tool and die makers begin an
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depending on which area of concentration or industry an individual works in;
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Ongoing evolution of computerized design and control technologies, such as
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611:(once for each part produced), or will you dial it carefully by hand
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Since the advent of computing in the manufacturing fields (including
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for subsequent drilling to be quickly and effortlessly guided by?
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304:) are thoroughly intermixed in their work, since they're also in
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The main divisions of the tool & die industry include:
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by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, retrieved April 8, 2009
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The simplest sense above can also be conveyed by the word
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521:
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5 using toolroom-style layout and toolpath control.
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Overlap of die making, tool making, and mold making
191:, and other tools used in manufacturing processes.
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
669:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
494:, the term has been figuratively extended in both
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761:
341:), tool and die makers have increasingly added
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1857:
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847:
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484:Originally a toolroom was literally in one
147:are highly skilled crafters working in the
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580:, and most especially since the advent of
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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767:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
14:
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2050:
1845:
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835:
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681: – Tools to create screw threads
607:, will you dial it carefully by hand
576:talk about it) has evolved since the
535:century, there gradually developed a
522:Making, repairing, and storing tools
371:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
559:Tool-and-die facilities and methods
514:is now the norm in engineering and
129:Class of machinist in manufacturing
24:
728:) is a closely related occupation.
244:
25:
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773:: Merriam-Webster, p. 1317,
819:
31:
2715:Shielded metal (Stick/MMA/SMAW)
2705:Gas tungsten (Heliarc/TIG/GTAW)
771:Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
698:Variations on the name include
300:Art and science (specifically,
42:needs additional citations for
2700:Gas metal (Microwire/MIG/GMAW)
1600:Electrical discharge machining
1389:Numerical control (NC and CNC)
1036:Semi-finished casting products
754:
742:
692:
674:category:machine tool builders
464:Toolrooms and toolroom methods
430:
407:
13:
1:
735:
655:"wear each hat" in sequence.
412:
2680:Atomic hydrogen (Athydo/AHW)
1871:
567:Within the general field of
194:
7:
2662:
1447:List of drill and tap sizes
861:
658:
349:
339:computer-aided technologies
10:
2978:
2414:Magnetic switchable device
1763:Magnetic switchable device
416:
2896:
2857:
2816:
2738:Electric resistance (ERW)
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2437:
2364:
2266:
2215:
2127:
2084:
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1986:
1945:
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1605:Electrochemical machining
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952:
869:
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310:manufacturing engineering
1147:Electrohydraulic forming
685:
149:manufacturing industries
2472:Engineer's spirit level
1685:Rotary transfer machine
1670:Photochemical machining
1610:Electron-beam machining
1572:Tool and cutter grinder
1152:Electromagnetic forming
2187:Oxy-fuel cutting torch
1137:Casting (metalworking)
716:tool jig and die-maker
141:
2936:Tools and terminology
2439:Measuring instruments
909:Investment (Lost wax)
649:instant manufacturing
578:Industrial Revolution
312:team. There is often
135:
1799:Machining vibrations
1705:Ultrasonic machining
1187:Progressive stamping
643:have led the way to
251:engineering drawings
66:"Tool and die maker"
51:improve this article
2768:Friction stir (FSW)
2743:Electron-beam (EBW)
1819:Tool and die making
1507:Cylindrical grinder
1263:Finishing processes
892:Evaporative-pattern
749:Tool and die makers
419:die (manufacturing)
145:Tool and die makers
2865:Heat-affected zone
2793:Oxyacetylene (OAW)
2562:Thread pitch gauge
2527:Optical comparator
2281:Combination square
2078:Metalworking tools
1487:Abrasive machining
667: – Technician
547:(sometimes styled
142:
2949:
2948:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2748:Electroslag (ESW)
2695:Flux-cored (FCAW)
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2627:
2042:
2041:
1837:
1836:
1314:
1313:
1226:Joining processes
1157:Explosive forming
1125:Forming processes
1049:
1048:
780:978-0-87779-809-5
769:(11th ed.),
645:rapid prototyping
631:The evolution of
537:division of labor
372:Jig/fixture maker
267:grinding machines
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
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2778:Laser beam (LBW)
2685:Electrogas (EGW)
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2502:Machinist square
2311:Needlegun scaler
2306:Machinist square
2119:Water jet cutter
2086:Cutting machines
2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2047:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1804:Speeds and feeds
1557:Sharpening stone
1532:Grinding machine
1527:Grinding dresser
1394:Stewart platform
1343:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1093:
1078:
1071:
1064:
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929:Semi-solid metal
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615:—while making a
263:milling machines
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2875:Residual stress
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2730:Other processes
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2720:Submerged (SAW)
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2624:
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2467:Engineer's blue
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2366:Machine tooling
2360:
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2238:Hydraulic press
2211:
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2075:
2038:
1982:
1958:Pattern welding
1941:
1875:
1870:
1833:
1782:
1709:
1576:
1567:Surface grinder
1502:Coated abrasive
1473:
1466:
1437:Drill bit sizes
1432:Drill bit shank
1407:
1398:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1310:
1257:
1221:
1182:Press hardening
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1094:
1092:, and finishing
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1011:Casting defects
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763:Merriam-Webster
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586:mass production
582:armory practice
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445:milling cutters
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302:applied science
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245:Job description
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2492:Go/no go gauge
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2462:Dial indicator
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2258:Stamping press
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2177:Milling cutter
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2169:
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2144:
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2016:
2011:
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1996:
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1660:Milling cutter
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1539:
1537:Grinding wheel
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
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1484:
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1371:
1365:
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1359:Computer-aided
1355:
1354:
1346:
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1338:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Mass finishing
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
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1235:
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1223:
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1199:
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1189:
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1128:
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1096:
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1073:
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1033:
1028:
1023:
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1005:
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987:
982:
977:
972:
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962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Permanent mold
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
889:
884:
879:
873:
871:
867:
866:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
825:
824:
817:
816:
809:
802:
794:
786:
785:
779:
753:
740:
739:
737:
734:
731:
730:
690:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
676:
671:
660:
657:
560:
557:
553:tool crib
523:
520:
504:tool room
491:emergency room
465:
462:
456:
453:
432:
429:
417:Main article:
414:
411:
409:
406:
373:
370:
356:apprenticeship
351:
348:
246:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
196:
193:
161:apprenticeship
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2974:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:Related terms
2856:
2850:
2849:Shielding gas
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
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2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Friction stud
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
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2736:
2735:
2733:
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2727:
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2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
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2701:
2698:
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2678:
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2646:
2644:
2639:
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2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2567:Vernier scale
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Surface plate
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Marking gauge
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Machine taper
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Indexing head
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Machine press
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:English wheel
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:Forming tools
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2129:Cutting tools
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
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1874:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Cutting fluid
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Machine taper
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Indexing head
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1715:Machine tools
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
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1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Spark testing
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Flick grinder
1515:
1513:
1512:Diamond plate
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Bench grinder
1495:
1493:
1492:Angle grinder
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1352:and computing
1351:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Heat treating
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
965:Cope and drag
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
939:Shell molding
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
796:
795:
792:
782:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
750:
745:
741:
727:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
695:
691:
680:
677:
675:
672:
666:
663:
662:
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
625:drill press's
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
574:
573:manufacturing
570:
565:
556:
554:
550:
546:
541:
538:
533:
529:
526:The simplest
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
482:
480:
479:manufacturing
476:
471:
461:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:cutting tools
428:
426:
420:
405:
403:
399:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
369:
365:
362:
357:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:machine tools
252:
249:Working from
240:
237:
235:
234:Metal working
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
192:
190:
186:
185:cutting tools
182:
181:machine tools
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
139:
134:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2839:Power supply
2829:Filler metal
2783:Laser-hybrid
2710:Plasma (PAW)
2610:Steam hammer
2557:Tape measure
2547:Straightedge
2532:Radius gauge
2507:Marking blue
2497:Height gauge
2477:Feeler gauge
2457:Center gauge
2424:Rotary table
2404:Lathe center
2316:Piercing saw
2301:Hand scraper
2172:Hand scraper
2024:Steam hammer
1818:
1773:Rotary table
1753:Lathe center
1640:Machine tool
1472:Grinding and
1217:Tube bending
1172:Hydroforming
980:Molding sand
934:Shaw process
919:Plaster mold
821:Metalworking
766:
756:
744:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
653:
630:
621:
612:
608:
602:
590:
566:
562:
552:
548:
544:
542:
531:
530:of the word
525:
511:
507:
503:
489:
483:
469:
467:
458:
434:
422:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
366:
353:
337:, and other
324:
319:World War II
299:
283:rotary tools
279:die grinders
271:jig grinders
248:
198:
163:. They make
157:craftspeople
144:
143:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2906:Fabrication
2880:Weldability
2672:Arc welding
2620:Trip hammer
2615:Swage block
2600:Hardy tools
2517:Marking out
2487:Gauge block
2374:Angle plate
2336:Tap and die
2253:Screw press
2248:Punch press
2202:Tipped tool
2157:Countersink
2152:Counterbore
2034:Trip hammer
2029:Swage block
2014:Hardy tools
1922:Silversmith
1917:Pewtersmith
1897:Coppersmith
1787:Terminology
1723:Angle plate
1650:Metal lathe
1542:Jig grinder
1452:Tap and die
1361:engineering
1276:Galvanizing
1116:Sheet metal
1106:Fabrication
1090:fabrication
1004:Terminology
877:Centrifugal
679:Tap and die
496:substantive
488:, but like
475:engineering
431:Tool making
408:Terminology
306:engineering
275:power tools
204:Die casting
2962:Machinists
2926:Metallurgy
2803:Ultrasonic
2798:Spot (RSW)
2753:Exothermic
2522:Micrometer
2447:Bore gauge
2268:Hand tools
1963:Planishing
1937:Whitesmith
1892:Bladesmith
1887:Blacksmith
1665:Pantograph
1457:Tap wrench
1291:Patination
1111:Piece work
953:Components
882:Continuous
736:References
721:mold maker
700:tool maker
609:many times
584:and later
500:adjectival
413:Die making
361:journeyman
287:hand tools
140:at a lathe
77:newspapers
18:Tool maker
2921:Machining
2916:Jewellery
2824:Electrode
2817:Equipment
2351:Workbench
2286:Drift pin
2109:Miter saw
1946:Processes
1912:Locksmith
1902:Goldsmith
1829:Workpiece
1824:Tramp oil
1814:Tolerance
1645:Machining
1635:Jig borer
1620:Engraving
1595:Broaching
1582:Machining
1462:Threading
1427:Drill bit
1409:threading
1350:Machining
1306:Polishing
1271:Anodizing
1248:Soldering
1162:Extrusion
902:Lost foam
897:Full mold
870:Processes
726:moldmaker
708:die maker
704:toolmaker
665:Machinist
617:drill jig
613:only once
605:drill bit
569:machining
549:tool-crib
516:machining
508:tool-room
441:tool bits
439:(such as
389:demands.
364:applies.
297:stones).
289:(such as
277:(such as
257:(such as
195:Divisions
138:machinist
2956:Category
2931:Smithing
2763:Friction
2605:Pritchel
2542:Sine bar
2207:Tool bit
2162:End mill
2099:Cold saw
2019:Pritchel
1932:Tinsmith
1907:Gunsmith
1873:Smithing
1615:End mill
1522:Grinding
1482:Abrasive
1442:Drilling
1417:Die head
1404:Drilling
1243:Riveting
1238:Crimping
1207:Spinning
1192:Punching
1177:Stamping
765:(2007),
712:diemaker
659:See also
641:robotics
545:toolcrib
532:toolroom
512:toolroom
470:toolroom
449:fixtures
350:Training
314:turnover
239:Moulding
214:Fixtures
169:fixtures
153:artisans
107:May 2023
2941:Welding
2911:Forming
2901:Casting
2664:Welding
2452:Caliper
2429:Wiggler
2419:Mandrel
2389:Fixture
2331:Scriber
2291:Hacksaw
2182:Nibbler
2094:Bandsaw
1978:Swaging
1973:Sinking
1968:Raising
1953:Forging
1778:Wiggler
1768:Mandrel
1738:Fixture
1700:Turning
1695:Skiving
1655:Milling
1630:Hobbing
1552:Sanding
1547:Lapping
1474:lapping
1301:Plating
1296:Peening
1253:Welding
1233:Brazing
1212:Swaging
1202:Sinking
1197:Rolling
1167:Forging
1142:Drawing
1132:Coining
1099:General
1086:Forming
1026:Foundry
985:Pattern
863:Casting
394:CAD/CAM
285:), and
219:Forging
91:scholar
2834:Helmet
2595:Fuller
2384:Collet
2356:Wrench
2321:Pliers
2296:Hammer
2197:Shears
2192:Reamer
2147:Chisel
2137:Broach
2114:Plasma
2009:Hammer
2004:Fuller
1927:Tinker
1880:Smiths
1733:Collet
1690:Shaper
1680:Reamer
1675:Planer
1625:Facing
1590:Boring
1384:G-code
777:
714:), or
510:, but
295:honing
269:, and
259:lathes
224:Gauges
189:gauges
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2844:Robot
2808:Upset
2758:Forge
2690:Flash
2590:Forge
2585:Anvil
2537:Ruler
2482:Gauge
2379:Chuck
2341:Tongs
2326:Punch
2276:Clamp
2223:Brake
2104:Laser
1999:Forge
1994:Anvil
1987:Tools
1809:Swarf
1728:Chuck
1422:Drill
1031:Ingot
1021:Dross
1016:Draft
995:Sprue
990:Riser
975:Flask
960:Chill
686:Notes
598:files
593:rifle
528:sense
359:of a
291:files
177:molds
98:JSTOR
84:books
2346:Vise
2167:File
2142:Burr
1369:2.5D
1041:Slag
970:Core
944:Spin
924:Sand
775:ISBN
724:(or
710:(or
702:(or
647:and
639:and
498:and
486:room
477:and
443:and
425:dies
293:and
281:and
229:Jigs
209:Dies
173:dies
165:jigs
70:news
2399:Jig
2228:Die
1748:Jig
1406:and
1379:CAM
1374:CAD
887:Die
706:),
637:CNC
555:).
551:or
506:or
447:),
402:PLC
398:CNC
335:CAM
331:CAD
327:CNC
273:),
53:by
2958::
1088:,
633:IT
588:.
518:.
468:A
400:,
396:,
343:IT
333:,
329:,
265:,
261:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
136:A
2656:e
2649:t
2642:v
2070:e
2063:t
2056:v
1865:e
1858:t
1851:v
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
855:e
848:t
841:v
813:e
806:t
799:v
155:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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