521:(a)for the display or retail sale of goods, other than hot food, principally to visiting members of the public, (b)for the sale of food and drink principally to visiting members of the public where consumption of that food and drink is mostly undertaken on the premises, (c)for the provision of the following kinds of services principally to visiting members of the publicâ (i)financial services, (ii)professional services (other than health or medical services), or (iii)any other services which it is appropriate to provide in a commercial, business or service locality, (d)for indoor sport, recreation or fitness, not involving motorised vehicles or firearms, principally to visiting members of the public, (e)for the provision of medical or health services, principally to visiting members of the public, except the use of premises attached to the residence of the consultant or practitioner, (f)for a creche, day nursery or day centre, not including a residential use, principally to visiting members of the public, (g)forâ (i)an office to carry out any operational or administrative functions, (ii)the research and development of products or processes, or (iii)any industrial process, being a use, which can be carried out in any residential area without detriment to the amenity of that area by reason of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, soot, ash, dust or grit.
543:
vehicles. Taxi businesses. Scrap yards (or for the storage/distribution of minerals and/or the breaking of motor vehicles). Any work registerable under the Alkali, etc. Works
Regulation Act 1906 (as amended)). Hostels (providing no significant element of care. Waste disposal installations for the incineration, chemical treatment or landfill of hazardous waste. Retail warehouse clubs. Nightclubs. Casinos. Betting offices/shops. Pay day loan shops. Public houses, wine bars, or drinking establishments (previously Class A4). Drinking establishments with expanded food provision (previously Class A4. Note a restaurant Is Class E). Hot food takeaways (Previously Class A5. Hot food to eat in is of course a restaurant, Class E). Venues for live music performance. Cinemas. Concert halls. Bingo halls Dance halls.)
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impose, or by which they make agreed financial contributions beyond the immediate building works to offset development effects on the local community. This was soon amended to allow a developer to self-impose obligations to preempt objections to planning permission. This prevents the planning authority from blocking a permission by merely failing to negotiate.
511:
Use
Classes in England were extensively revised on 1 September 2020 (he revisions do not apply to Wales). The new Order introduced a new Class E encompassing most business, retail and similar uses replacing the previous Classes A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2 as well as parts of the old Class D (such as health
391:
created a website that published electronic images of planning application documents. This technology greatly improved access to application-related documents for all participants in the planning process. Within ten years, most planning authorities within the UK followed suit. These sites are often
266:
substantially re-wrote section 52 from the former act, settling the concept of agreements (known as "planning obligation agreements," or more commonly "Section 106 agreements"), under which the developer is subject to detailed arrangements and restrictions beyond those that a planning condition could
500:
The requirement to obtain planning permission extends not only to new construction, but also some changes of use of a property. To simplify this the
Government from time to time publishes a Use Classes Order. Planning permission is not normally required for a change of use within a Class but change
504:
In all cases the appropriate Class is determined by the 'primary purpose' of the use and a use may have other elements that are different but âordinarily incidentalâ. For example, a restaurant may have some takeaway sales. The use of some properties is also limited by conditions imposed on the
370:
were allowed to planning permissions, recognising that information provided for planning permission does not provide enough detail for actual construction. Working drawings are required first, and architects often make small changes to accommodate a building's technical requirements. Also, plans
538:
Use asâ (a)a shop mostly selling essential goods, including food, to visiting members of the public in circumstances whereâ (i)the shopâs premises cover an area not more than 280 metres square, and (ii)there is no other such facility within 1000 metre radius of the shopâs location, (b)a hall or
531:
Any use not including residential useâ (a)for the provision of education, (b)for the display of works of art (otherwise than for sale or hire), (c)as a museum, (d)as a public library or public reading room, (e)as a public hall or exhibition hall, (f)for, or in connection with, public worship or
542:
As before, a number of uses are deemed sui generis (in themselves) and planning permission is required for any change of use to or from such uses. The list excludes. Theatres. Amusement arcades/centres or funfairs. Launderettes. Petrol filling stations. Hiring, selling and/or displaying motor
378:
introduced wide-ranging changes to the planning system in
England. The bill introduced legal provision under which local communities (led by parish councils or neighbourhood forums) could develop neighbourhood plans. Similar to development management documents produced by the local authority,
71:
The term 'town planning' first appeared in 1906 and was first used in
British legislation in 1909. The roots of the UK town and country planning system as it emerged in the immediate post-war years lay in concerns developed over the previous half century in response to
371:
might change on site to overcome unforeseen problems. Legality of minor amendments was challenged in 2006, and central government advice to many local authorities was that any variation to a planning permission should require planning approval.
524:
It also introduced a new Class F1 and F2 replacing those uses from the previous Class D1 and D2 that had not been swept up into Class E. Class F2 is unusual in that it separates certain small local shops from Class E. The Order reads
606:
Classes A3 to A5 were formed in the 2005 amendment by a split of the previous A3 class 'Food and Drink', though this split was not effected in Wales; jurisdiction over secondary planning legislation being by then a matter for the
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if they can make a case of maladministration by the local authority. In such a case the ombudsman has no powers to enforce a retraction of the permission, but it may sanction the local authority. Appeals can be made:
539:
meeting place for the principal use of the local community, (c)an area or place for outdoor sport or recreation, not involving motorised vehicles or firearms, (d)an indoor or outdoor swimming pool or skating rink.â.
858:
745:(2004) on the planning system suggested some of the requirements were unnecessary and delaying the delivery of sustainable and social housing, and recommended early revisions to the regulations.
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The aim of recent reforms to the planning system was to simplify and speed up the production of plans. The financial costs and time delays associated with the new system are significant and the
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224:
132:
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Historically, planning applications were submitted in paper form to designated
Council offices and displayed for a statutory period at public libraries or offices. In December 1995, the
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to outline what kind of development is permitted where, and to mark special areas on Local Plan Maps (today referred to as policies map). It did not introduce a formal system of
17:
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known as 'Public Access'. Other access methods now include routing inquiries through a centrally-hosted public or privately hosted website, such as UKPlanning or the national
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that set broad targets for the wider area. Structure plans were always problematic and were often in the process of being replaced by the time they were formally adopted.
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A key part of planning control is exercised in the UK by preventing any significant development of property without permission by the local authority. In Part III of the
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An applicant may appeal against a refusal of planning permission. A neighbour who objects to an application has no right of appeal, but may appeal to the local authority
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noted the recommendation to redirect a portion of
Section 106 financial contributions as a "planning gain supplement"" for wider community needs and has responded by an
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as the strategic planning document (i.e., the RSS that's targets for housing and employment development within each district in a region in the future).
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491:
446:. There has often been talk of making the inspectors independent of government ministers, as in the Planning Appeals Commission in Northern Ireland.
235:. Furthermore, the 1947 Act introduced a requirement, which still exists, on local authorities to develop forward looking policy documents such as
286:. Almost immediately after Parliament passed these acts, the government had further thoughts on the control of land development, which led to the
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2020 No. 757 Town And
Country Planning, England. The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020
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of use to a different Use Class generally requires permission. Separate Orders are made in respect of
England, Scotland and Wales.
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191:, which envisaged moving 1.5 million people from London to new and expanded towns. These intellectual efforts resulted in the
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The 1947 act, in effect, nationalised the right to develop land. It required all proposals, with a few exceptions, to secure
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344:(SCI), which outline how the Council will involve the local community. All LDDs and SPDs also have to be accompanied by a
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neighbourhood plans have statutory weight, so that they are considered in the determination of planning applications.
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that will levy "a tax on the increase in the value of land resulting from the grant of permission for development".
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699:
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1975:
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1601:
1380:
842:
670:
357:
884:
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629:, under section 59 the Secretary of State delegates to public bodies the right to grant planning permission.
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44:
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1680:
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has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning, which outside of
England is
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Over the years, the planning system has undergone a number of alterations, which were consolidated in the
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721:
A long list of other unconsolidated Acts and Regulations also affect UK planning. For example, the
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345:
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340:(LDS) â which outline the work the LDDs/SPDs they intend to produce over a three-year period, and
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2149:
1871:
1708:
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750:
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2179:
1985:
1925:
1820:
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439:
1930:
1920:
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8:
1950:
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184:
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looked into specific problems in urban planning and development control. These included:
113:
56:
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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made substantial changes to the English development plan system. It did away with both
43:. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each
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427:; Directorate for Planning & Environmental Appeals or a Local Review Body of the
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from the local authority, with provision to appeal against refusal. It introduced a
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638:
The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) Regulations 2007
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2074:
1785:
1738:
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1436:
679:
290:, which made important alterations to many of the provisions of the Planning Acts.
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which arises when permission to develop land is granted. This was abolished by the
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36:
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2009:
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Three further acts related to planning are associated with this primary act: The
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1999:
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2004:
1990:
1955:
1906:
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In England, to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government.
166:
The Barlow Commission (1940) into the distribution of industrial population
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85:
77:
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1980:
1965:
1940:
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977:"Drinking establishment" does not specifically refer to alcoholic drinks
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236:
48:
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2013:
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405:
92:. These concerns were expressed through the work of thinkers such as
81:
546:
Prior to September 2020 the Use Classes for England and Wales were:
1835:
1825:
1797:
1765:
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1457:
1375:
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1007:
Barker Review of Housing Supply â Final Report and Recommendations
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563:
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and recentralised control in the hands of the Secretary of State.
1915:
1277:
1069:
834:
1079:
760:
Planning white paper (Scotland): Modernising the planning system
599:
D1: non-residential institutions (schools, libraries, surgeries)
2018:
1901:
1365:
578:
244:
188:
602:
D2: assembly and leisure (cinemas, swimming baths, gymnasiums)
1660:
172:
The Uthwatt Committee into compensation and betterment (1942)
518:
Use, or part use, for all or any of the following purposesâ
1355:
988:
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
946:
272:
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
1070:
Department for Communities and Local Government (England)
898:
Pendleton Survey of web access to planning applications
1219:
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
1029:
Planning-gain Supplement (Preparations) Bill 2006â07
528:
Class F.1 Learning and non-residential institutions
1031:
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Her Majesty's Treasury
336:Local authorities are also now required to produce
492:Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987
923:UK Government's online planning and building site
227:passed under subsequent Conservative government.
2487:
632:
2511:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
1133:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
911:access to local authority planning applications
642:Department for Communities and Local Government
33:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
18:Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom
947:Planning Appeals Commission (Northern Ireland)
438:In England and Wales the appeal is heard by a
169:The Scott Committee into rural land use (1941)
146:, thinking was sufficiently advanced that the
1293:
1203:Nationally significant infrastructure project
1110:
828:
696:Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997
512:uses and day nurseries). The new Class reads
442:, while in Scotland this role is filled by a
996:Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990
702:and the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011
621:Development management in the United Kingdom
331:A variation on this approach exists in Wales
280:Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990
1300:
1286:
1117:
1103:
1075:Scottish Executive â Planning and Building
791:Building regulations in the United Kingdom
532:religious instruction, (g)as a law court.
515:Class E. Commercial, Business and Service
1188:Planning permission in the United Kingdom
1172:Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
1085:GamePlan â A Lean Construction principles
1044:Gray, Kevin; Gray, Susan Frances (2008).
958:Scottish Executive Inquiry Reporters Unit
706:Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
657:Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
614:
295:Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
282:. These four acts are referred to as the
150:was established on 7 February 1943 under
1508:Regional Planning Association of America
1043:
992:Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990
568:B1: businesses (offices, light industry)
276:Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990
183:Also, Patrick Abercrombie developed the
1080:The Planning Service (Northern Ireland)
942:
940:
553:A2: financial and professional services
352:(SEA). The SEA is a requirement under
14:
2488:
865:. Kew, Richmond: The National Archives
309:(LDFs), which are made up a number of
100:actions of industrialists such as the
1281:
1239:Town and Country Planning Association
1098:
786:Town and Country Planning Association
729:for national projects, set up by the
360:are also being gradually replaced by
148:Ministry of Town and Country Planning
2468:
937:
652:Advisory team for large applications
453:
27:Urban planning in the United Kingdom
1579:Professional transportation planner
1152:General Permitted Development Order
1048:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
685:
662:General Permitted Development Order
342:Statements of Community Involvement
24:
1307:
1167:National Planning Policy Framework
1147:Town and Country Planning Act 1990
1037:
811:Conservation Area (United Kingdom)
727:Infrastructure Planning Commission
694:, for England and Wales, plus the
692:Town and Country Planning Act 1990
667:National Planning Policy Framework
627:Town and Country Planning Act 1990
496:Town and country planning in Wales
350:Strategic Environmental Assessment
288:Planning and Compensation Act 1991
260:Town and Country Planning Act 1990
225:Town and Country Planning Act 1954
206:
201:Town and Country Planning Act 1947
133:Town and Country Planning Act 1932
125:Housing and Town Planning Act 1919
121:Housing and Town Planning Act 1909
25:
2527:
1063:
135:were initial moves toward modern
2467:
2446:
2445:
2433:
1126:
700:Planning etc (Scotland) Act 2006
458:
382:
315:Supplementary Planning Documents
1976:Transferable development rights
1531:Environmental impact assessment
1022:
1000:
980:
971:
962:
743:Barker Review of Housing Supply
80:. The particular concerns were
1602:Community economic development
1381:Planning and zoning commission
951:
926:
914:
902:
891:
877:
851:
822:
671:Planning Policy Guidance Notes
505:original planning permission.
449:
358:Planning Policy Guidance Notes
323:regional assemblies in England
158:. During the war, a series of
13:
1:
2501:Housing in the United Kingdom
1234:Royal Town Planning Institute
831:The Politics of Town Planning
816:
781:Royal Town Planning Institute
633:Elements of the modern system
45:country of the United Kingdom
2215:Planning Accreditation Board
1574:Transit-oriented development
1536:Recreation resource planning
736:
594:house in multiple occupation
583:C2: residential institutions
574:B8: storage and distribution
416:In Northern Ireland, to the
389:London Borough of Wandsworth
321:(RSS), which is produced by
307:local development frameworks
7:
2516:Towns in the United Kingdom
1249:Local development framework
1193:Outline Planning Permission
1012:September 17, 2008, at the
764:
680:Design and access statement
559:A4: drinking establishments
418:Planning Appeals Commission
311:Local Development Documents
10:
2532:
2227:Professional organizations
1584:Urban freight distribution
1559:Transportation forecasting
933:www.planningportal.gov.uk
675:Planning Policy Statements
618:
535:Class F.2 Local community
489:
434:In Wales, to the Assembly.
399:
362:Planning Policy Statements
187:for the reconstruction of
66:
2506:Law of the United Kingdom
2463:List of planning journals
2427:
2349:
2314:
2288:
2242:
2235:
2202:
2162:
2038:
2031:
1844:
1752:
1699:
1623:
1614:
1592:
1549:
1516:
1498:
1466:
1432:History of urban planning
1413:
1404:
1343:
1315:
1247:
1211:
1180:
1139:
556:A3: restaurants and cafés
467:This section needs to be
338:local development schemes
319:regional spatial strategy
241:unitary development plans
231:were added in 1955 via a
108:, and architects such as
53:Northern Ireland Assembly
2399:Marine spatial planning
1911:Healthy community design
1489:Village design statement
1479:Preservation development
1474:Conservation development
1229:Local planning authority
1181:Applications and Appeals
1090:Planning Process and EIA
647:Local Planning Authority
429:local planning authority
346:Sustainability Appraisal
2414:Real estate development
2145:List of urban theorists
1641:City Beautiful movement
1569:Rational planning model
1551:Transportation planning
1541:Sustainable development
2458:List of planned cities
2394:Landscape architecture
2150:List of urban planners
1872:Conservation community
1709:Collaborative planning
1518:Environmental planning
1426:Comprehensive planning
1140:Legislation and policy
829:Gordon Cherry (1982).
615:Development management
571:B2: general industrial
129:Town Planning Act 1925
2369:Development economics
2220:Real estate education
2180:James Howard Kunstler
2105:Konstantinos Doxiadis
1986:Urban growth boundary
1926:Mixed-use development
1821:Intentional community
1224:Planning Inspectorate
251:. Counties developed
179:into New Towns (1947)
1921:Leapfrog development
1867:Complete Communities
1724:Intelligent urbanism
1651:Garden city movement
1594:Economic development
1526:Environmental design
1046:Elements of Land Law
757:Planning Green Paper
508:Use Classes England
423:In Scotland, to the
2327:Communist countries
1951:Planning Permission
1888:Filtering (housing)
1862:Cluster development
1671:Settlement movement
1656:Indigenous planning
1267:Neighbourhood forum
425:Scottish Government
233:government circular
213:planning permission
185:Greater London Plan
142:By the outbreak of
114:Patrick Abercrombie
57:Scottish Parliament
2210:Planning education
2170:Elizabeth Farrelly
2014:High-rise urbanism
1852:Affordable housing
1391:World Urbanism Day
1198:Grampian condition
863:The Cabinet Papers
806:Scheduled monument
771:Landscape planning
564:hot food takeaways
440:planning inspector
217:development charge
193:New Towns Act 1946
156:Postmaster-General
90:ribbon development
2483:
2482:
2440:Cities portal
2364:Civil engineering
2345:
2344:
2198:
2197:
2027:
2026:
1995:Peri-urbanisation
1815:Planned community
1646:Dark-sky movement
1636:Car-free movement
1610:
1609:
1564:Trip distribution
1500:Regional planning
1453:Urban green space
1421:Land-use planning
1396:Labor market area
1386:Growth management
1361:Metropolitan area
1275:
1274:
1162:Localism Act 2011
1157:Highways Act 1980
1055:978-01-99219-72-8
885:"Post-war policy"
859:"Post-war Policy"
776:Regional planning
751:act of Parliament
731:Planning Act 2008
723:Localism Act 2011
716:Localism Act 2011
711:Planning Act 2008
488:
487:
376:Localism Act 2011
199:. c. 68) and the
197:9 & 10 Geo. 6
160:royal commissions
74:industrialisation
41:land use planning
16:(Redirected from
2523:
2496:English land law
2471:
2470:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2389:Land development
2240:
2239:
2075:Donald Appleyard
2036:
2035:
1786:Mining community
1739:Radical planning
1686:Transition towns
1621:
1620:
1437:Spatial planning
1411:
1410:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1059:
1032:
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1004:
998:
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978:
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900:
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889:
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881:
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870:
855:
849:
848:
826:
686:Main legislation
669:, replacing the
483:
480:
474:
462:
461:
454:
368:Minor variations
152:William Morrison
144:Second World War
37:English land law
21:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2419:Social sciences
2379:Urban economics
2351:
2341:
2310:
2284:
2231:
2194:
2158:
2125:Peter Calthorpe
2080:Ebenezer Howard
2041:
2023:
2010:Verticalization
1840:
1748:
1734:Market urbanism
1729:Livable streets
1695:
1616:
1606:
1588:
1545:
1512:
1494:
1462:
1406:
1400:
1339:
1311:
1306:
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1243:
1207:
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1038:Further reading
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284:Planning Acts
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262:(TCPA 1990).
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139:legislation.
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110:Raymond Unwin
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98:philanthropic
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2359:Architecture
2332:Nazi Germany
2279:
2140:Thomas Adams
2120:Loretta Lees
2115:Le Corbusier
2085:Edmund Bacon
2050:Andrés Duany
2005:Urbanization
1991:Urban sprawl
1956:Rural flight
1936:Permeability
1931:Model cities
1803:Logging camp
1762:Company town
1676:Smart growth
1666:New Urbanism
1448:Urban design
1212:Institutions
1132:
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1024:
1002:
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867:. Retrieved
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177:Reith Report
141:
118:
86:urban sprawl
78:urbanisation
70:
32:
31:
29:
2352:disciplines
2175:Jane Jacobs
2100:James Rouse
1981:Urban decay
1966:Third place
1941:Placemaking
1791:Pit village
1781:Global city
909:UK Planning
869:28 February
747:HM Treasury
450:Use classes
348:(SA) and a
313:(LDDs) and
303:local plans
264:Section 106
237:local plans
229:Green belts
2490:Categories
2095:Ian McHarg
2040:Theorists/
1817:(New town)
1776:Ghost town
1615:Concepts/
1351:Urban area
1262:Local plan
844:0582295408
817:References
278:, and the
2384:Geography
2296:Barcelona
2275:Singapore
2250:Australia
2243:Countries
1857:Cityscape
1624:Movements
737:Criticism
550:A1: shops
406:ombudsman
82:pollution
2452:Category
2301:Shanghai
2203:Training
1845:Concepts
1836:Boomtown
1826:Arcology
1798:Man camp
1766:Monotown
1719:Ekistics
1701:Theories
1617:theories
1458:Urbanism
1407:branches
1376:Planning
1371:Land use
1325:Theories
1010:Archived
765:See also
698:and the
609:Assembly
444:reporter
131:and the
104:and the
96:and the
59:and the
49:devolved
2474:Commons
2350:Related
2163:Critics
1916:LEED-ND
1414:General
1344:General
1335:Outline
1320:History
835:Longman
469:updated
400:Appeals
67:History
51:to the
2322:Africa
2306:Sydney
2289:Cities
2270:Serbia
2265:Russia
2236:Places
2032:People
2019:Zoning
1902:Infill
1366:Suburb
1052:
994:, and
841:
579:hotels
356:laws.
274:, the
245:zoning
189:London
127:, the
123:, the
88:, and
61:Senedd
55:, the
2315:Other
2255:China
1691:YIMBY
1661:NIMBY
1467:Rural
1439:(Eur)
1405:Major
1330:Index
1884:(US)
1491:(UK)
1428:(US)
1356:City
1050:ISBN
871:2021
839:ISBN
673:and
592:C4:
586:C3:
577:C1:
562:A5:
494:and
374:The
301:and
293:The
175:The
119:The
76:and
239:or
2492::
2012:/
1993:/
1909:/
1895:/
1764:/
990:,
939:^
861:.
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84:,
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1301:e
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873:.
847:.
481:)
477:(
471:.
431:.
420:.
195:(
20:)
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