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objective of correct regulation is that the keys on each manual have the same rest height and distance of travel when pressed. The regulation wrongly set at one extreme can cause a note to sound when no keys are pressed. This may also be caused by the action sticking after the key is released. The other extreme is that notes do not sound, or sound feebly, when a key is pressed.
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On some instruments, as more stops are used, the organist must apply more pressure/force to a key in order for it to play, resulting in heavy playing action when playing full organ. This can be particularly burdensome when two or more manuals are coupled. Problems of heavy action can almost always be
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Because of construction tolerances, a means of adjustment, or regulation, of the action has to be provided. This is commonly done by having a threaded wire end on the wooden tracker rods. A circular nut varies the effective length of the tracker where it engages with other parts of the action. One
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Trackers – trackers are the portions of the action used to make a pulling motion. Trackers can be used over long distances. They are thin strips of wood, roughly 10 mm wide and 2 mm thick. Although flexible, at rest they hold their shape. Playing a note pulls on the end nearer to the
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Although tracker action was less utilized in the early 20th century, particularly in
England and America, its use has enjoyed a strong renaissance in the same areas since World War II, especially in instruments modeled on historical antecedents. Today, many builders are using tracker action
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Currently, some organ builders use tracker action in new organs, others use electric action, and still others use either type depending on the instrument. There are builders and organists who have strong feelings regarding the advantages of one type of action over another.
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The above is a list of mechanisms unique to tracker action. Steam calliopes, such as those built by Thomas J. Nichol in the early twentieth century, used a very simplified tracker mechanism. For actions used in all forms of pipe organs, see
318:, an instrument that actually uses water to produce the sound, not just as a source of power). While the control of air pressure was controlled by water pressure, hence the name, the action was a rudimentary form of modern action.
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Remote placement of sections of the organ are dependent on the distance the mechanical linkages can successfully extend, as opposed to the unlimited extendability of electric wires in electropneumatic organs.
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Backfalls — backfalls are used for motion over a small or short distance where trackers and stickers would be otherwise illogical to use. As a natural result, the motion also changes direction.
310:. Also known as a "water organ" or "Roman organ", the hydraulis was an instrument in which water was used as a source of power to push wind through organ pipes. (It is not to be confused with the
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Stops — knobs that indirectly control the flow of air over certain ranks of pipes. They are activated with a pulling motion by hand, and deactivated (or stopped) by pushing them shut.
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Roller board — location upon which rollers are attached (Note: rollers are often used densely in one section of the action and so are often closely associated with the roller board.)
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throughout the world, and it has been successfully employed in organs of many styles. Some active builders of tracker action organs include Taylor and Boody of
Staunton, Virginia,
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Tracker action requires less maintenance than other types of action since there are no pneumatics to be re-leathered, no electric contacts to tarnish and no wires to break.
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Stickers — used for a pushing motion; often paired with trackers. Their length is limited by the material, though most of the time, capping off at about 250 mm.
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This control affects the attack and release of a note through different touch. Before the invention of electric action, the organ was a touch-sensitive instrument.
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Rollers — Wooden shafts that rotate. Used for parallel direction in vertical or horizontal motion. They have small levers on each end, like cranks.
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It was not until the mid-14th century that the action needed to be explored and expanded as finally more pipes were added, as well as the addition of
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keyboard, so they are in tension while the note is playing. The term comes from the Latin verb "trahere", to draw (in the sense of "pull");
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Squares — a specific type of lever commonly used in organs which is at a right angle. Squares can also come in a "T" shape and form.
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Levers — levers are used to transfer from a tracker (pulling) to a sticker (pushing), or a general change of direction, or both.
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The tracker mechanism is often noisy. In quieter passages, the clicking and clattering of the mechanism can be quite distracting.
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286:", which connect the key to the valve through an electrical link or an electrically assisted pneumatic system respectively, or "
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Tracker action at
Cradley Heath Baptist Church showing adjusters on tracker ends which engage with the keys of the great organ.
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to indicate a mechanical linkage between keys or pedals pressed by the organist and the valve that allows air to flow into
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was also meant to counteract this problem, by providing a pneumatic assist while retaining a completely-mechanical action.
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Trundle — Trundles are used as a substitute for levers in the action associated with the Stops and Slider boards.
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action became the norm in large instruments, to offset the extreme key weight caused by high wind pressures.
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The action consists of many types of devices used for the playing of such said organ, as listed below:
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trace their history as far back as at least the 3rd century BC with an organlike device known as the
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Tracker action gives the organist more precise control over the exact moment air enters the pipe.
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showing the tracker action. The rollers transmit movement sideways to line up with the pipes.
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Besides tracker action, two other kinds of action used in pipe organs are as follows:
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A roller board with rollers and trackers from a 1970
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was built by Ronald Sharp in the
Concert Hall of the
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of the corresponding note. This is in contrast to "
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545:Advantages and disadvantages of tracker action
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153:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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379:largest mechanical (tracker) action organ
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718:("feedback")
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1032:Zimbelstern
816:Pipe organs
752:Synthesizer
676:Bass guitar
364:Paul Fritts
268:pipe organs
255:. Organ by
1085:Repertoire
1055:Fairground
1027:Vox humana
1002:Ophicleide
922:En chamade
774:Trautonium
653:51. Action
554:Advantages
512:Regulation
372:C. B. Fisk
177:newspapers
81:improve it
36:improve it
1075:Portative
1007:Plein-jeu
879:Swell box
874:Tremulant
420:June 2008
391:Australia
308:hydraulis
257:Frobenius
134:does not
85:verifying
42:talk page
1115:Category
1080:Positive
837:Builders
769:Theremin
341:Romantic
207:May 2014
97:May 2014
1095:Theatre
997:Mixture
992:Gedackt
972:Bourdon
937:Voicing
932:Scaling
884:Tracker
842:Console
757:Modular
583:keydesk
578:console
472:tractor
345:In the
294:History
282:" and "
276:pipe(s)
191:scholar
155:removed
140:sources
79:Please
1065:German
1060:French
1045:Barrel
987:Cornet
949:Tuning
857:Pedals
852:Manual
737:Buchla
691:Pickup
387:Sydney
304:Organs
259:(2009)
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1100:Water
1090:Shoes
1050:Crawl
977:Tibia
959:Stops
914:Pipes
444:organ
323:stops
314:of a
198:JSTOR
184:books
963:List
944:Reed
927:Flue
902:Stop
820:list
742:Moog
645:list
575:The
270:and
170:news
138:any
136:cite
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