785:
625:
45:
1064:
2231:
1050:
512:
1036:
1078:
1196:"Les privilèges définissent le statut des trois nations reconnues – les Hongrois, les Sicules et les Saxons – et des quatres Eglises – luthérienne, calvinistes, unitarienne et catholique. L'exclusion porte sur la communauté roumaine et son église orthodoxe, une communauté qui représente au moins 50% de la population vers le milieu du XVIIIe siècle."
1024:
regional history. The
Transylvanian School, as a group affiliated originally with the Greek Catholic Church, was dethroned as the main political movement that contributed to Romanian national identity in favour of a "nationalist Orthodox resilience that enabled the Romanian population to survive centuries of foreign rule".
795:
Within a span of fifty years, the majority national group in the
Principality of Transylvania, the Romanians, succeeded in documenting their Latin origins, rewriting their history, language, and grammar, and building the pedagogical foundation needed to educate and gain political rights for its
1023:
was employed politically, with the Greek
Catholics being accused as far as being "non-Romanian agents of the West", or even as "Hungarians" since the latter were seen as Catholics. The hostility escalated to marginalization of public figures such as the Greek Catholic bishops and clerics from
1475:
912:
by Micu-Klein and referred to as the etymological alphabet by language historians but they later had to accept the use of graphemes specific to
Italian writing (such as ce, ci, ge, gi or che, chi, ghe, ghi) and diacritics (mainly ș and ț). This replaced the use of the medieval
756:
The situation created a favorable situation for the work of Jesuit missionaries and the efforts of the
Catholic Hapsburg Empire to discuss the union of the Orthodox communities with the Catholic Church. The act became official in 1698 when the Orthodox metropolitan
894:
Lesicon românesc-lătinesc-unguresc-nemțesc care de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trizeci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat seu
Lexicon Valachico-LatinoHungarico-Germanicum, quod a pluribus auctoribus decursu triginta et amplius annorum elaboratum est
273:
812:
after its conquest in early 2nd century AD. The historical discourse and all the contributions of the
Transylvanian School had a purpose, a program pursued and gradually put into practice by three generations of
1008:, although himself influenced by the School in his early years of activity, vividly criticised the School's insistence of using an etymological spelling and analogical adaptations of words directly from Latin.
855:, who were members of the Transylvanian School during the era of Romanian national awakening, emphasised the ancient purely Latin origin of Romanians. In 1791, they contributed in the memorandum: "
1199:
925:"Everyone agrees, thus, to the fact that the Cyrillic letters that brought a deep darkness upon Romanian language need to be eradicated from the literary republic of Romanians"
644:
The name
Transylvanian School (Romanian: Școala Ardeleană) was not used contemporarily even though its members had a sense of belonging to a group. The literary historian
970:
1505:
821:. Micu-Klein gradually gathered and systematized the internal chronicles and the general plan of the historical discourse of the Transylvanian School in his works, "
752:. The exclusion concerns the Romanian community and its Orthodox Church, a community that accounts for at least 50% of the population in the mid-eighteenth century.
1426:
889:
330:
859:". In this memorandum, they demanded similar rights for the Transylvanian Romanians as those enjoyed by the (largely) Hungarian nobility, the enfranchised
938:, contributing to the national awakening of Romania. Their ideas and writings influenced latter Romanian scholars, some of whom activated in neighbouring
1799:
2142:
1101:
582:
1387:
1675:
676:. Eventually, although the debate along the correct name and implicitly the nature and influence of the movement continued with scholars such as
1096:
2152:
880:
2094:
1359:
769:
540:
203:
1762:
1399:
1353:
1292:
1214:
856:
788:
921:. Its members, in particular Petru Maior, viewed the usage of the Cyrillic alphabet as detrimental to the very literacy of Romanians:
2216:
1004:" of the language proposed at various extents by the School and some of the later scholars influenced by it. Another contemporary,
897:(translated to English as "Romanian-Latin-Hungarian-German Lexicon, elaborated by thirty authors over more than thirty years").
817:
Transylvanian intellectuals. It was a project devised by the generation of
Gherontie Cotore and Grigorie Maior, yet started by
1685:
1249:
1401:
History of the
Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Volume 2
1355:
History of the Romanians: From the origins to the modern age, Volume 1 of History of the Romanians, History of the Romanians
989:, the Transylvanian School and later "latinists" scholars were criticised for their reliance on German and Latin loanwords.
1317:
Laura Stanciu, "Transylvanian Review. Vol. XXX, No.2: Petru Maior, the Transylvanian School Influencer ", (2021), pp. 3-18.
2110:
1826:
1594:"Intelectuali transilvăneni, moldoveni și "aurelieni" despre românii din Balcani (anii '30-'40 ai secolului al XIX-lea"
420:
315:
1702:
1658:
1534:
1436:
1409:
1367:
1336:
2272:
2002:
533:
325:
305:
132:
1384:
Ritual Revitalisation After Socialism: Community, Personhood, and Conversion among Roma in a Transylvanian Village
1755:
2116:
2101:
2047:
1020:
872:
707:
430:
310:
62:
2267:
2257:
1979:
1012:
444:
381:
349:
258:
878:
One of the major contributions of the School was the writing and publication of the first Romanian grammar,
2147:
410:
357:
278:
253:
44:
2262:
2211:
2024:
1809:
1149:
1001:
784:
526:
425:
415:
400:
24:
1451:
161:
2235:
2057:
2052:
1748:
914:
768:, Gherontie Cotore, Grigorie Maior, and Petru Pavel Aaron, all members of the Greco-Catholic clergy in
128:
77:
965:
were part of the same ethnic group. Its teachings influenced some prominent Aromanian figures such as
804:
arguments in favour of the thesis that the Transylvanian Romanians were the direct descendants of the
1890:
1974:
1063:
1016:
997:
713:
624:
566:
146:
1005:
2173:
1895:
1121:
1111:
955:
951:
492:
335:
223:
156:
141:
114:
104:
765:
670:(Latin Direction), and in a similar manner the Italian Romance scholar, Mario Ruffini, wrote of
472:
1821:
745:
300:
151:
1628:"Nicolae Ianovici, un deschizător de conștiință națională la aromânii din Imperiul Habsburgic"
1504:
Harhătă, Bogdan; Aldea, Maria; Vremir, Lilla Marta; Leucuța, Daniel-Corneliu (December 2020).
1049:
993:
2206:
2132:
761:
of Transylvania along with 38 protopopes aligned themselves and their communities with Rome.
268:
166:
72:
54:
764:
In this context, the origins of the Transylvanian School go back in time to the activity of
1136:
917:
as well as the previously Latin alphabet based phonetic system which had been based on the
733:
691:
597:
248:
190:
171:
91:
1836:
1732:
Church and State: Religious Nationalism and State Identification in Post-Communist Romania
1428:
Church and State: Religious Nationalism and State Identification in Post-Communist Romania
8:
868:
860:
797:
405:
362:
1627:
1601:
Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists: Series on History and Archaeology Sciences
1506:"The Lexicon of Buda. A Glimpse into the Beginnings of Mainstream Romanian Lexicography"
1991:
1984:
1885:
1787:
1327:
Turda, Marius (2011). "Historical Writing in the Balkans". In Macintyre, Stuart (ed.).
918:
773:
292:
208:
33:
1831:
1069:
888:
language. Another significant contribution to linguistics was the dictionary known as
844:
649:
633:
2178:
2137:
2042:
1814:
1804:
1779:
1771:
1681:
1654:
1608:
1432:
1405:
1363:
1332:
1245:
1083:
1077:
1055:
901:
852:
840:
818:
637:
570:
558:
1593:
892:, a starting point of Romanian modern lexicography, printed in 1825 with the title:
833:" (A history of the Romanians with questions and answers), and the ample synthesis "
2188:
2088:
2062:
1926:
1911:
1792:
966:
935:
67:
690:
translated as "Transylvanian School" prevailed, and it is sometimes used for post-
2028:
2016:
1455:
1116:
1035:
885:
758:
749:
645:
320:
198:
1126:
1969:
1921:
1916:
1267:"The Transylvanian School - Premises Underlying the Critical Editions of Texts"
1171:"The Transylvanian School - Premises Underlying the Critical Editions of Texts"
1131:
982:
905:
729:
694:
scholars and ideas influenced by the Transylvanian School and originating from
516:
263:
176:
2251:
1879:
1612:
1106:
947:
677:
1854:
2020:
2012:
1589:
801:
695:
681:
574:
213:
1471:
1244:(in Romanian). Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană. pp. 11–12.
1041:
981:
While considered founders and civilizing force in the cultural domain by
848:
805:
737:
629:
218:
109:
1460:, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6, page 4.
864:
962:
776:
addressed the issue of political rights for Romanians in Transylvania.
725:
724:
The privileges define the status of the three recognized nations – the
457:
2183:
2168:
939:
814:
741:
717:
593:
497:
1740:
1563:
1266:
1170:
900:
The Transylvanian School created the current phonetic system of the
1859:
943:
482:
477:
462:
1242:
Biserica Greco-Catolică din Comitatul Cluj în secolil al XVIII-lea
1090:
613:
2083:
1951:
986:
796:
members within the Habsburg Empire. Its members contemplated the
600:. The Transylvanian School's major centres were in the cities of
487:
467:
1397:
720:
belonged to, was not recognized among the privileged estates:
605:
1651:
History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe, vol 2
565:) was a cultural movement which was founded after part of the
2008:
1351:
1329:
The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 4: 1800-1945
961:
The Transylvanian School believed that the Romanians and the
809:
609:
452:
99:
1957:
628:
The Transylvanian School Monument in Cluj-Napoca, depicting
601:
578:
1962:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1503:
829:" (Brief presentation of the history of the Romanians), "
800:
from a scientific point of view, bringing historical and
1000:, as well as later academicians criticised the abusive "
934:
The Transylvanian School marks the beginnings of modern
1847:
1680:. Central European University Press. pp. 88–89.
331:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
985:(himself related to Petru Maior) and the members of
1648:
884:, a book that is considered the starting point of
2249:
1424:
1091:Scholars influenced by the Transylvanian School
1011:The harshest criticism came however during the
685:
665:
659:
653:
1756:
1703:"The Transylvanian School - A new Assessment"
1535:"The Transylvanian School - A new Assessment"
1469:
881:Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae
671:
534:
1649:Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (2010).
831:Istoria românilor cu întrebãri și rãspunsuri
1625:
1763:
1749:
1734:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 112–119.
1677:History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness
1564:"A history of Romanian historical writing"
1499:
1497:
1470:Celac, Victor; Moroianu, Cristian (2018).
1404:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 255.
1398:Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (2004).
1376:
857:Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae
789:Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae
541:
527:
2217:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
871:. This document was presented to Emperor
1729:
1352:Mircea Dogaru; Mihail Zahariade (1996).
1331:. Oxford University Press. p. 352.
783:
623:
2095:Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române
1561:
1494:
1204:, Librairie Artheme Fayard, Paris, 1995
863:patrician class, and the free military
772:who in their quality of members of the
16:Historical cultural movement of Romania
2250:
1431:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 112.
827:Scurtã cunoștințã a istoriei românilor
664:. The latter also used the expression
592:). The links with Rome brought to the
1770:
1744:
1700:
1588:
1532:
1326:
1264:
1239:
1168:
1673:
1562:Kellogg, Frederick (13 June 2020).
1482:(in Romanian). "Etimologie" chapter
13:
2143:Linguistic parallels with Albanian
1027:
14:
2284:
2148:Slavic superstratum and adstratum
1701:Chivu, Gheorghe (6 August 2023).
1533:Chivu, Gheorghe (6 August 2023).
2230:
2229:
1478:[Romanian Linguistics].
1076:
1062:
1048:
1034:
596:Transylvanians the ideas of the
510:
43:
1723:
1694:
1667:
1653:. John Benjamins. p. 255.
1642:
1619:
1582:
1555:
1526:
1463:
1445:
1418:
1391:
992:Contemporary thinkers, such as
716:in Transylvania, to which most
577:accepted the leadership of the
2117:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
2111:Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc
2048:Romanian transitional alphabet
1345:
1320:
1311:
1285:
1258:
1233:
1207:
1189:
1162:
1021:Romanian Greek Catholic Church
837:" (History of the Romanians).
825:" (Short historical notice), "
708:Romanian Greek Catholic Church
1:
2153:Influence on Slavic languages
1626:Dumbrăvescu, Nicolae (2014).
1156:
875:by the Transylvanian School.
701:
586:
350:Socialist Republic of Romania
1474:; Sarmandu, Nicolae (eds.).
1240:Miron, Greta-Monica (2007).
976:
929:
204:Principality of Transylvania
7:
2212:Romanian language in Serbia
1730:Romoncea, Cristian (2011).
1150:Supplex Libellus Valachorum
1142:
779:
10:
2289:
2072:Institutions and movements
2058:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
2053:Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
1873:Dialects/related languages
915:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
869:Union of the Three Nations
736:– and the four churches –
712:Prior to 18th century the
705:
673:la scuola latinista rumena
259:1848 Wallachian Revolution
78:Prehistory of Transylvania
63:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
2225:
2199:
2161:
2125:
2102:Dicționarul Limbii Române
2071:
2035:
2000:
1904:
1872:
1778:
1452:Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela
1425:Cristian Romocea (2011).
1386:, Halle-Wittenberg, 2007
1015:when the rivalry between
770:18th century Transylvania
254:1848 Moldavian Revolution
1476:"Lingvistica românească"
1017:Romanian Orthodox Church
998:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
971:Gheorghe Constantin Roja
567:Romanian Orthodox Church
162:Voivodeship of Maramureș
147:Banat in the Middle Ages
2273:Culture of Transylvania
1980:traditional month names
1848:Argots and speech forms
1457:The Grammar of Romanian
1198:In Catherine Durandin,
1122:August Treboniu Laurian
1112:Alexandru Papiu Ilarian
956:August Treboniu Laurian
952:Alexandru Papiu Ilarian
823:Brevis Historia Notitia
652:, preferred the use of
619:
316:Union with Transylvania
224:Danubian Principalities
157:Second Bulgarian Empire
142:History of Transylvania
115:Origin of the Romanians
927:
792:
754:
686:
672:
666:
660:
654:
641:
562:
152:First Bulgarian Empire
2207:Romanian Language Day
1975:longest Romanian word
1674:Boia, Lucian (2001).
1265:Pavel, Eugen (2018).
1201:Histoire des Roumains
1169:Pavel, Eugen (2018).
1006:Ion Heliade Rădulescu
923:
787:
722:
661:școala transilvăneană
627:
583:Greek-Catholic Church
306:Union with Bessarabia
269:United Principalities
167:Founding of Wallachia
73:Bronze Age in Romania
2268:Age of Enlightenment
2258:Transylvanian School
2079:Transylvanian School
1970:Lexis and vocabulary
908:, first used in the
766:Inocențiu Micu-Klein
598:Age of Enlightenment
555:Transylvanian School
445:By historical region
244:Transylvanian School
172:Founding of Moldavia
1815:Republic of Moldova
994:Mihail Kogălniceanu
890:The Lexicon of Buda
798:origin of Romanians
411:Historical timeline
311:Union with Bukovina
279:War of Independence
2263:Culture of Romania
2162:Speech communities
2003:historic evolution
919:Hungarian alphabet
793:
774:Transylvanian Diet
667:direcția latinistă
658:(Latin School) or
642:
517:Romania portal
382:Romania since 1989
293:Kingdom of Romania
237:National Awakening
209:Eyalet of Temesvar
191:Early Modern Times
2245:
2244:
2138:Balkan sprachbund
1882:(Romanian itself)
1868:
1867:
1772:Romanian language
1687:978-963-9116-97-9
1293:"Uniate Churches"
1251:978-973-610-553-1
1215:"Uniate Churches"
1084:Ion Budai-Deleanu
1056:Samuil Micu-Klein
902:Romanian alphabet
853:Ion Budai-Deleanu
835:Istoria românilor
819:Samuil Micu-Klein
551:
550:
406:Romanian language
358:Soviet occupation
2280:
2233:
2232:
2126:Language contact
2089:Romanian Academy
2063:Romanian Braille
1891:Megleno-Romanian
1845:
1844:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1691:
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1664:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1598:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:. pp. 27–28
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1530:
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1510:
1501:
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1487:
1467:
1461:
1449:
1443:
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1422:
1416:
1415:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1297:encyclopedia.com
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1219:encyclopedia.com
1211:
1205:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1166:
1080:
1066:
1052:
1038:
1013:Communist Regime
967:Nicolae Ianovici
936:Romanian culture
689:
687:Școala ardeleană
675:
669:
663:
657:
655:şcoala latinistă
591:
588:
563:Școala Ardeleană
543:
536:
529:
515:
514:
513:
416:Military history
401:Economic history
68:Hamangia culture
47:
37:
19:
18:
2288:
2287:
2283:
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2279:
2278:
2277:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2221:
2195:
2157:
2121:
2067:
2043:Modern alphabet
2031:
2029:Modern Romanian
2025:Re-latinization
2017:Common Romanian
2009:Classical Latin
1996:
1900:
1864:
1843:
1774:
1769:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1647:
1643:
1634:(in Romanian).
1632:Astra Salvensis
1624:
1620:
1603:(in Romanian).
1596:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
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1527:
1517:
1515:
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1502:
1495:
1485:
1483:
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1446:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1396:
1392:
1382:László Fosztó:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1362:. p. 148.
1350:
1346:
1339:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1299:. 7 August 2023
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1263:
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1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1221:. 7 August 2023
1213:
1212:
1208:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1145:
1137:Simion Bărnuțiu
1117:Timotei Cipariu
1093:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1070:Gheorghe Șincai
1067:
1058:
1053:
1044:
1039:
1030:
1028:Notable members
979:
932:
910:Book of Prayers
886:Modern Romanian
845:Gheorghe Șincai
806:Roman colonists
782:
759:Atanasie Anghel
714:Orthodox Church
710:
704:
650:Sextil Pușcariu
646:Ovid Densusianu
634:Gheorghe Șincai
622:
604:(Balázsfalva),
589:
581:and became the
547:
511:
509:
504:
503:
502:
447:
437:
436:
435:
395:
387:
386:
377:
376:Post-Revolution
369:
368:
367:
352:
342:
341:
340:
326:Fascist Kingdom
321:Greater Romania
295:
285:
284:
283:
249:Organic Statute
238:
230:
229:
228:
199:Silistra Eyalet
193:
183:
182:
181:
136:
121:
120:
119:
94:
84:
83:
82:
57:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2286:
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2239:
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2201:
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2165:
2163:
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2120:
2119:
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2098:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
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2007:
2005:
1998:
1997:
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1954:
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1944:
1939:
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1929:
1924:
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1908:
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1896:Istro-Romanian
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1375:
1368:
1344:
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1310:
1284:
1257:
1250:
1232:
1206:
1188:
1177:. pp. 1–4
1160:
1158:
1155:
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1144:
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1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:Titu Maiorescu
1129:
1124:
1119:
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1109:
1104:
1102:Paul Iorgovici
1099:
1092:
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1026:
983:Titu Maiorescu
978:
975:
931:
928:
906:Latin alphabet
781:
778:
703:
700:
684:, the syntagm
621:
618:
549:
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264:Danube Vilayet
261:
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2130:
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2115:
2113:
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2099:
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2064:
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2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1953:
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1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
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1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
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1881:
1880:Daco-Romanian
1878:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1861:
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1850:
1846:
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1590:Lascu, Stoica
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647:
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2189:Timok Vlachs
2109:
2100:
2093:
2078:
2036:Written form
2021:Old Romanian
2013:Vulgar Latin
1827:Transylvania
1731:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1710:diversite.eu
1709:
1696:
1676:
1669:
1650:
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1635:
1631:
1621:
1604:
1600:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:Academia.edu
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1542:diversite.eu
1541:
1528:
1518:25 September
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1486:25 September
1484:. Retrieved
1480:Academia.edu
1479:
1472:Sala, Marius
1465:
1456:
1447:
1427:
1420:
1400:
1393:
1383:
1378:
1354:
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1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:Academia.edu
1270:
1260:
1241:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:Academia.edu
1174:
1164:
1127:George Bariț
1097:Ioan Monorai
1010:
1002:purification
991:
980:
960:
933:
924:
909:
899:
893:
879:
877:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
802:philological
794:
791:, Cluj, 1791
763:
755:
723:
711:
696:Transylvania
682:Lucian Blaga
643:
616:(Belényes).
612:(Lugos) and
575:Transylvania
554:
552:
493:Transylvania
421:Christianity
336:World War II
243:
214:Varat Eyalet
2001:Periods of
1985:profanities
1905:Linguistics
1780:Subdialects
1638:(3): 52–54.
1607:(2): 5–27.
1513:Euralex.org
1273:. p. 4
1042:Petru Maior
849:Petru Maior
808:brought in
638:Samuil Micu
630:Petru Maior
590: 1700
301:World War I
219:Phanariotes
129:Middle Ages
110:Roman Dacia
105:Dacian Wars
34:History of
2252:Categories
1855:Gumuțeasca
1360:Amco Press
1157:References
963:Aromanians
873:Leopold II
867:under the
841:Micu-Klein
726:Hungarians
706:See also:
702:Background
363:Revolution
55:Prehistory
2184:Moldovans
2169:Romanians
2133:Substrata
1992:Phonology
1886:Aromanian
1837:Maramureș
1788:Wallachia
1613:2067-5682
977:Criticism
940:Wallachia
930:Influence
746:Unitarian
742:Calvinist
718:Romanians
498:Wallachia
473:Maramureș
92:Antiquity
2236:Category
2179:diaspora
1956:Former:
1860:Totoiana
1810:Bukovina
1805:Moldavia
1715:6 August
1592:(2017).
1574:4 August
1547:6 August
1303:7 August
1277:6 August
1225:7 August
1181:6 August
1143:See also
944:Moldavia
865:Székelys
815:Romanian
780:Activity
750:Catholic
738:Lutheran
732:and the
594:Romanian
571:Habsburg
559:Romanian
483:Muntenia
478:Moldavia
463:Bukovina
394:By topic
25:a series
23:Part of
2084:Junimea
1927:numbers
1912:Grammar
1832:Crișana
1800:Dobruja
1793:Oltenia
987:Junimea
573:-ruled
488:Oltenia
468:Dobruja
458:Crișana
431:Judaism
36:Romania
2200:Others
2174:origin
1684:
1657:
1611:
1435:
1408:
1366:
1335:
1248:
734:Saxons
730:Siculi
728:, the
636:, and
606:Oradea
27:on the
1922:verbs
1917:nouns
1822:Banat
1706:(PDF)
1597:(PDF)
1538:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
861:Saxon
810:Dacia
614:Beiuș
610:Lugoj
453:Banat
426:Islam
274:ASTRA
133:Early
100:Dacia
1717:2023
1682:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1609:ISSN
1576:2023
1549:2023
1520:2024
1488:2024
1433:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1305:2023
1279:2023
1246:ISBN
1227:2023
1183:2023
1019:and
996:and
942:and
851:and
748:and
680:and
620:Name
602:Blaj
579:pope
553:The
969:or
569:in
2254::
2027:→
2023:→
2019:→
2015:→
2011:→
1958:D̦
1708:.
1630:.
1599:.
1566:.
1540:.
1511:.
1496:^
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1358:.
1295:.
1269:.
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1952:Ț
1947:Ș
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1932:Ă
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