263:
each reserve. 640 acres will be distributed to each family of five. Liquor is forbidden on the reserves. Every year, each man, woman, and child will be given $ 5; every chief will be given $ 25; all headman will be given $ 15 (with the exception of four headmen per band); as well as every chief and headman will get one set of clothing every three years. Powder, shot, ball, and twine is distributed and replaced every year, to help with hunting, fishing, and trapping – rights that they were still able to enjoy. To allow for a transition for the
Aboriginal peoples to acquire agricultural skills, each willing family will be given two hoes, one spade, one scythe, and one axe. One plough and two harrows is given to be shared among ten families. The bands interested in agriculture will be given supplies as well. The chiefs receive one crosscut saw, one pitsaw, one grindstone, five augers, five handsaws, and a box of carpenter tools for band use. They get one yoke of oxen, one bull, four cows, and "enough" wheat, barley, potatoes, and oats for planting. Furthermore, the treaty states that the Indigenous must recognize the treaty and promise to be "loyal subjects". They need to obey Canadian laws, keep the peace, and notify the Government when there are people who break the laws. They must also agree not to disturb the settlers or anyone who travels through the land. Further the treaty explicitly provides that the government may utilize the surrendered lands "as may be required or taken up from time to time for settlement, mining or other purposes, under grant or other right given by Her Majesty's said Government" and does not give any right of veto, while ensuring any lands used on the reserve by the government must be offset with matching grant of non-reserve lands.
243:
the Hudson's Bay
Company received. The Canadian commissioners arrived at the outpost on 8 September 1874, but the bands were not able to select spokesmen. The discussions were delayed until 11 September when they elected some of them to represent their side in the discussions. However, on that day, the Saulteaux informed the Canadian commissioners with a messenger that they were uncomfortable holding negotiations on land that belonged to the Hudson's Bay Company. Treaty discussions were postponed again, and the next day they met at camp closer to where the Indigenous people were staying. An Indigenous spokesman began by stating that they wanted to be paid the £300,000 that the Hudson's Bay Company received for Rupert's Land. Morris refused this request, and made it clear that it would not be given. Once again the treaty discussions were postponed. Finally, on the 15th, treaty terms were concluded. The terms were explained to the Indigenous people by an interpreter, and both parties signed. In the following years, several adhesions to Treaty 4 occurred: on 21 September 1874, by Saulteaux; on 8 September 1875, by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony Indigenous; on 9 September 1875, by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony; on 24 September by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony; on 24 August 1876, by Cree and Saulteaux; and on 25 September 1877, by Stony.
235:
negotiate any other treaties at that time. However, the
Indigenous people who had not been a part of treaty discussions were worried about their future because of the dwindling bison and the ongoing settlement. They were aware that other Indigenous communities who lived southeast in the newly confederated land had signed treaties for themselves. They believed that the treaties provided protection from the change and economic hardships, and they wanted that for themselves too. Until treaties were signed with them, the Prairie Indigenous people made it clear to the Canadian government that they believed the land belonged to them and thus they demanded compensation and assistance. Chief of the Plains Cree,
239:, wrote a letter to Morris in which he wrote, "we heard our lands were sold and we did not like it", and made a list of demands. Chief Yellow Quill of Saulteaux bands also took action when settlers cut wood for timber without Indigenous permission. When he asked for a treaty and did not receive an answer, he put a sign on a church door warning the settlers not to cut any more wood because without a treaty, the wood belonged to the Saulteaux. Because of this consistent pressure, the Canadian government agreed to negotiate treaties sooner than expected. The disruptions made by the Indigenous people were interrupting the development of the land.
71:
31:
194:, his government and the treaty commissioners. The treaty was signed at Fort Qu’Appelle, which at the time was a Hudson's Bay Company outpost and is the cause for the nickname 'Qu’Appelle Treaty'. The land which is represented by the treaty is the south of contemporary Saskatchewan. Treaty 4 is the first of the numbered treaties in which First Nations adhered to the treaty after it had been determined and signed, therefore they had to accept the terms as is. The commissioners for Canada were:
255:
211:
227:
206:
in
Ontario. These men were selected by the Canadian government as representatives, but they stated that the Indigenous people were making a deal with the Queen herself. A number of Metis attended the Treaty negotiations as interpreters and signed Treaty 4 as witnesses. On 7 September 1876, the Metis
234:
In 1873, the first three numbered treaties were concluded and as a result, a clear route was established for the intended transcontinental railway. The
Canadian government had also decided that there was enough land for the beginning of settlement and development. Therefore, they had no interest to
262:
The
Canadian Government will establish reserves in areas of land selected by them. This land cannot be sold by the Indigenous, but can be sold or leased by the Government in order benefit the Indigenous, and only with their consent. When they are prepared for a teacher, schools will be provided on
242:
Treaty 4 negotiations had a slow start and discussions were delayed several times. Conflict surrounding the negotiations arose from disagreement between the different bands. They also felt resentment towards the
Canadians and the commissioners due to the sale of Rupert's Land and the £300,000 that
180:
in southern
Saskatchewan. The Canadian Government feared that potential conflict with Indigenous people could disrupt the advancement in the west. Generally, the Indigenous people knew that change was inevitable because their natural food source was fading and settlers were arriving. They believed
156:
for £300,000 to the
Dominion of Canada. The Company's land covered the edge of the Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes and was divided into the Province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. The Indigenous peoples whose traditional territories were sold were not included in the land transfer
189:
Treaty 4 was made on 15 September 1874, between select Cree, Saulteaux and
Assiniboine Indigenous who lived in the specified area, and "her most Gracious Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland". However, decisions were made by the Canadian Prime Minister
140:, North-West Territories, on 15 September 1874. Additional signings or adhesions continued until September 1877. This treaty is the only indigenous treaty in Canada that has a corresponding indigenous interpretation (a
160:
The subsequent years, between 1871 and 1877, saw the first seven of the eleven numbered treaties signed by Canada and the Prairie First Nations. The government of Canada negotiated the first five
287:
633:
665:
280:
1269:
297:
207:
at Fort Walsh submitted a petition to Inspector Walsh on behalf of the Metis of the four districts of Assiniboia to join Treaty 4, but their request was declined.
753:
521:
1146:
469:
835:
780:
214:
Presentation copy of the original Treaty 4. Printed on parchment. -- Text in black and red; blue and red border. Sourced from the
987:
501:
1030:
24:
Treaty No. 4 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Cree and Saulteaux Tribes of Indians at the Qu'Appelle and Fort Ellice
198:, appointed as Lieutenant-Governor for Manitoba and the North-West Territories in 1872, who acted as the primary negotiator;
993:
1174:
506:
424:
997:
776:
900:
1274:
719:
191:
181:
treaty negotiations would provide protection and resources. Both parties cooperated with the treaty negotiations.
433:
1229:
511:
215:
157:
negotiations. After learning of the transaction, the Indigenous people demanded recognition and compensation.
1284:
546:
219:
195:
617:
1151:
483:
362:
168:
saw the land as necessary to complete a transcontinental railway, which would run through the cities of
1336:
1302:
1204:
1156:
1136:
1023:
675:
560:
451:
401:
394:
353:
329:
1310:
1234:
1224:
1194:
643:
626:
576:
516:
406:
344:
164:
to gain land from the First Nations for settlement, agricultural and industry. Also, Prime Minister
1292:
1239:
1214:
1209:
680:
658:
653:
590:
571:
555:
311:
304:
236:
942:
1297:
1254:
1141:
1131:
728:
714:
581:
536:
442:
389:
371:
114:
839:
1341:
1249:
1184:
772:
709:
685:
608:
380:
335:
1189:
1126:
1016:
638:
599:
415:
1259:
1244:
1219:
981:
694:
526:
460:
169:
1179:
670:
293:
9 September 1875: additional Qu'Appelle Lakes adhesion by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony bands
8:
1279:
1264:
1199:
648:
541:
531:
1315:
699:
273:
137:
52:
30:
1040:
1008:
886:
748:
165:
161:
901:
https://www.scribd.com/document/368747668/Metis-Interpreters-Who-Signed-Treaty-Four
153:
258:
Map of Treaty 4 territory in relation to other treaty lands and Canadian provinces
1001:
117:
103:
1330:
177:
1166:
855:
Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-White Relations in Canada
121:
945:. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. 3 November 2008
199:
56:
254:
203:
141:
120:. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern
1108:
1103:
966:
Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada 1867–1877
914:
Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada 1867–1877
870:
Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada 1867–1877
202:, the Minister of the Interior; and William Christie, the Esquire of
173:
111:
226:
1118:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1063:
1058:
125:
773:"First Nations Communities and Treaty Boundaries in Saskatchewan"
129:
1050:
929:
Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treaty-Making in Canada
811:
Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treaty-Making in Canada
76:
988:
Manitoba Chiefs: First Nations Treaties with the British Crown
210:
107:
35:
Pictograph made by Chief Paskwa in 1874 describing Treaty 4
968:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 175–184.
931:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 128–129.
565:
non-Treaty signatory council member; included in Treaty 4
551:
non-Treaty signatory council member; included in Treaty 4
994:"Saskatchewan Treaty Land Entitlement (TLE) Fact Sheet"
765:
1038:
754:
The Canadian Crown and First Nations, Inuit and Métis
813:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 140.
916:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 29.
872:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 47.
796:
Display at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum in Regina.
81:
318:
1328:
124:, plus small portions of what are today western
887:"Indian Treaties and Surrenders from 1680–1890"
733:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
724:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
690:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
488:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
474:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
456:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
447:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
420:Treaty 4 signatory though in Treaty 2 territory
16:Treaty between First Nations and Canadian Crown
1147:Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve First Nation
470:Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve First Nation
1024:
836:"Treaty Research Report – Treaty Four (1874)"
300:adhesion by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony bands
290:adhesion by Cree, Saulteaux, and Stony bands
184:
1031:
1017:
963:
911:
867:
136:, as its first signings were conducted at
29:
276:by Cree, Saulteaux, and Assiniboine bands
147:
253:
251:The terms of the treaty are as follows:
225:
209:
314:adhesion by Stony and Assiniboine bands
1329:
926:
808:
246:
1012:
786:from the original on 5 February 2009.
272:15 September 1874: first signings at
82:§ List of Treaty 4 First Nations
1175:Carry the Kettle Nakoda First Nation
881:
879:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
804:
802:
502:File Hills Qu'Appelle Tribal Council
307:adhesion by Cree and Saulteaux bands
622:non-Treaty signatory council member
425:Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation
152:In 1870, Hudson's Bay Company sold
144:made at the time by Chief Paskwa).
13:
1306:(included, though not a signatory)
1288:(included, though not a signatory)
998:Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
852:
777:Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
14:
1353:
1275:Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
975:
876:
817:
799:
720:Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
613:Treaty 6 signatory council member
604:Treaty 6 signatory council member
595:Treaty 6 signatory council member
586:Treaty 6 signatory council member
465:Treaty 2 signatory council member
438:Treaty 2 signatory council member
429:Treaty 2 signatory council member
411:Treaty 2 signatory council member
385:Treaty 5 signatory council member
376:Treaty 5 signatory council member
367:Treaty 6 signatory council member
358:Treaty 6 signatory council member
349:Treaty 5 signatory council member
340:Treaty 5 signatory council member
132:. This treaty is also called the
102:is a treaty established between
69:
1000:. 30 March 2009. Archived from
957:
935:
920:
634:Touchwood Agency Tribal Council
434:O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation
1230:Little Black Bear First Nation
905:
893:
861:
846:
790:
512:Little Black Bear First Nation
319:List of Treaty 4 First Nations
216:Bruce Peel Special Collections
1:
1285:Standing Buffalo First Nation
984:from the Government of Canada
759:
666:Yorkton Tribal Administration
547:Standing Buffalo First Nation
507:Carry The Kettle First Nation
220:University of Alberta Library
618:Whitecap Dakota First Nation
230:Monument to Treaty 4 signing
7:
1152:Waywayseecappo First Nation
742:
484:Waywayseecappo First Nation
363:Mathias Colomb First Nation
266:
10:
1358:
1303:Wood Mountain First Nation
1205:Kahkewistahaw First Nation
1157:Wuskwi Sipihk First Nation
1137:Rolling River First Nation
982:Treaty Texts - Treaty No 4
676:Kahkewistahaw First Nation
561:Wood Mountain First Nation
452:Rolling River First Nation
402:West Region Tribal Council
395:Wuskwi Sipihk First Nation
354:Marcel Colomb First Nation
330:Swampy Cree Tribal Council
283:adhesion by Saulteaux band
1311:Yellow Quill First Nation
1235:Muscowpetung First Nation
1225:Kinistin Saulteaux Nation
1195:Fishing Lake First Nation
1165:
1117:
1048:
964:St.Germain, Jill (2001).
912:St.Germain, Jill (2001).
868:St.Germain, Jill (2001).
644:Fishing Lake First Nation
627:Yellow Quill First Nation
577:Kinistin Saulteaux Nation
517:Muscowpetung First Nation
407:Ebb and Flow First Nation
345:Grand Rapids First Nation
89:
62:
48:
40:
28:
23:
1293:Star Blanket Cree Nation
1270:Peepeekisis First Nation
1240:Muskowekwan First Nation
1215:Keeseekoose First Nation
1210:Kawacatoose First Nation
681:Keeseekoose First Nation
659:Muskowekwan First Nation
654:Kawacatoose First Nation
591:Muskeg Lake First Nation
572:Saskatoon Tribal Council
556:Star Blanket Cree Nation
185:The making of the treaty
1298:White Bear First Nation
1255:Ochapowace First Nation
1142:Sapotaweyak Cree Nation
1132:Pine Creek First Nation
729:White Bear First Nation
715:Ochapowace First Nation
582:Mistawasis First Nation
537:Peepeekisis Cree Nation
443:Pine Creek First Nation
390:Sapotaweyak Cree Nation
372:Mosakahiken Cree Nation
332:the chief of the tribe
1250:Ocean Man First Nation
1185:Cowessess First Nation
710:Cowessess First Nation
686:Ocean Man First Nation
609:One Arrow First Nation
381:Opaskwayak Cree Nation
336:Chemawawin Cree Nation
259:
231:
223:
148:Reasons for the treaty
1190:Day Star First Nation
1127:Gamblers First Nation
927:Miller, J.R. (2009).
857:. pp. Chapter 9.
809:Miller, J.R. (2009).
639:Day Star First Nation
600:Muskoday First Nation
522:Nekaneet First Nation
416:Gamblers First Nation
257:
229:
213:
1260:Okanese First Nation
1245:Nekaneet Cree Nation
1220:The Key First Nation
899:Barkwell, Lawrence.
695:The Key First Nation
527:Okanese First Nation
461:Skownan First Nation
44:15–25 September 1874
1280:Piapot First Nation
1265:Pasqua First Nation
1200:Gordon First Nation
842:on 14 October 2011.
649:Gordon First Nation
542:Piapot First Nation
532:Pasqua First Nation
310:25 September 1877:
296:24 September 1875:
279:21 September 1874:
247:Terms of the treaty
192:Alexander Mackenzie
1316:Zagime Anishinabek
700:Zagime Anishinabek
286:8 September 1875:
260:
232:
224:
1337:Numbered Treaties
1324:
1323:
1307:
1289:
1180:Coté First Nation
1043:: Treaty Four
1041:Numbered Treaties
779:. 30 March 2009.
749:Numbered Treaties
671:Coté First Nation
166:John A. Macdonald
162:Numbered Treaties
134:Qu'Appelle Treaty
128:and southeastern
97:
96:
1349:
1305:
1287:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:on 13 June 2011.
970:
969:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
939:
933:
932:
924:
918:
917:
909:
903:
897:
891:
890:
883:
874:
873:
865:
859:
858:
850:
844:
843:
838:. Archived from
832:
815:
814:
806:
797:
794:
788:
787:
785:
769:
303:24 August 1876:
288:Qu'Appelle Lakes
196:Alexander Morris
118:band governments
75:
73:
72:
33:
21:
20:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1161:
1113:
1044:
1037:
992:
978:
973:
962:
958:
948:
946:
943:"Treaty 4 Text"
941:
940:
936:
925:
921:
910:
906:
898:
894:
885:
884:
877:
866:
862:
851:
847:
834:
833:
818:
807:
800:
795:
791:
783:
771:
770:
766:
762:
745:
321:
274:Fort Qu'Appelle
269:
249:
187:
150:
138:Fort Qu'Appelle
70:
68:
53:Fort Qu'Appelle
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
990:
985:
977:
976:External links
974:
972:
971:
956:
934:
919:
904:
892:
875:
860:
845:
816:
798:
789:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
751:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:
726:
717:
712:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
683:
678:
673:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
631:
630:
629:
624:
615:
606:
597:
588:
579:
569:
568:
567:
558:
553:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
494:
493:
492:
491:
490:
478:
477:
476:
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
399:
398:
397:
392:
387:
378:
369:
360:
351:
342:
320:
317:
316:
315:
308:
301:
294:
291:
284:
277:
268:
265:
248:
245:
186:
183:
149:
146:
104:Queen Victoria
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
85:
84:
79:
64:
60:
59:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1354:
1343:
1342:1874 treaties
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
989:
986:
983:
980:
979:
967:
960:
944:
938:
930:
923:
915:
908:
902:
896:
888:
882:
880:
871:
864:
856:
853:Miller, J.R.
849:
841:
837:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
812:
805:
803:
793:
782:
778:
774:
768:
764:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
734:
730:
727:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
628:
625:
623:
619:
616:
614:
610:
607:
605:
601:
598:
596:
592:
589:
587:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
489:
485:
482:
481:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
462:
459:
457:
453:
450:
448:
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
430:
426:
423:
421:
417:
414:
412:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
382:
379:
377:
373:
370:
368:
364:
361:
359:
355:
352:
350:
346:
343:
341:
337:
334:
333:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
322:
313:
309:
306:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
270:
264:
256:
252:
244:
240:
238:
228:
221:
217:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
182:
179:
178:Swift Current
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
155:
154:Rupert's Land
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
92:
88:
83:
80:
78:
67:
66:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1167:Saskatchewan
1073:
1002:the original
965:
959:
947:. Retrieved
937:
928:
922:
913:
907:
895:
869:
863:
854:
848:
840:the original
810:
792:
767:
732:
723:
706:independent
689:
621:
612:
603:
594:
585:
564:
550:
497:Saskatchewan
496:
487:
480:independent
473:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
339:
324:
261:
250:
241:
233:
188:
159:
151:
133:
122:Saskatchewan
115:First Nation
99:
98:
18:
949:18 February
281:Fort Ellice
237:Sweet Grass
200:David Laird
57:Fort Ellice
1331:Categories
760:References
312:Fort Walsh
305:Fort Pelly
204:Brockville
142:pictograph
1109:Treaty 11
1104:Treaty 10
1049:Numbered
298:Swan Lake
174:Moose Jaw
112:Saulteaux
1119:Manitoba
1099:Treaty 9
1094:Treaty 8
1089:Treaty 7
1084:Treaty 6
1079:Treaty 5
1074:Treaty 4
1069:Treaty 3
1064:Treaty 2
1059:Treaty 1
1051:Treaties
781:Archived
743:See also
325:Manitoba
267:Timeline
126:Manitoba
106:and the
100:Treaty 4
90:Language
49:Location
889:. 1905.
130:Alberta
93:English
63:Parties
176:, and
170:Regina
77:Canada
74:
41:Signed
784:(PDF)
1039:The
951:2020
110:and
108:Cree
218:at
1333::
996:.
878:^
819:^
801:^
775:.
172:,
55:,
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
953:.
731:—
722:—
688:—
620:—
611:—
602:—
593:—
584:—
563:—
549:—
486:—
472:—
463:—
454:—
445:—
436:—
427:—
418:—
409:—
383:—
374:—
365:—
356:—
347:—
338:—
222:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
