8486:
2258:
8594:
3011:
8474:
8534:
3085:) demonstrated that Dominion governments might no longer subordinate their own national interests to British strategic perspectives. To ensure that Australia had full legal power to act independently, particularly in relation to foreign affairs, defence industry and military operations, and to validate its past independent action in these areas, Australia formally adopted the Statute of Westminster in October 1942 and backdated the adoption to the start of the war in September 1939.
2909:
1464:
8570:
8582:
8522:
1696:
powers and lobby for new ones than the various colonies they incorporated could have done separately. They provided a new model which politicians in New
Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, Ireland, India, Malaysia could point to for their own relationship with Britain. Ultimately, " example of a peaceful accession to independence with a Westminster system of government came to be followed by 50 countries with a combined population of more than 2-billion people."
807:
7996:
8558:
8462:
1619:
Dominion legislation on those topics for approval by the
British Government. Also, the Colonial Stock Act of 1900 provided for the disallowance of any Dominion legislation the British government felt would harm British stockholders of Dominion trustee securities. Most importantly, however, the British Parliament could exercise the legal right of supremacy that it possessed over common law to pass any legislation on any matter affecting the colonies.
8546:
8006:
1108:
8450:
1750:
1242:, have not been repealed in both the United Kingdom and historic Dominions such as Canada. The term "within the crown's dominions" continues to apply in British law to those territories in which the British monarch remains head of state, and the term "self-governing dominion" is used in some legislation. When a territory ceases to recognise the monarch as head of state, this status is changed by statute. Thus, for example, the British
8622:
3129:. This formally signalled the end of the former dependencies' common constitutional connection to the British Crown. India also adopted a republican constitution in January 1950. Unlike many dependencies that became republics, Ireland never re-joined the Commonwealth, which agreed to accept the British monarch as head of that association of independent states (although most of the individual countries had become republics).
1005:
8510:
3408:
wanting to allow entry to white people from the old
Commonwealth, the government did not want to appear racist in any plans to restrict immigration from elsewhere in the empire and Commonwealth as governments of the newly emerging black Commonwealth took offence at moves to restrict movement to Britain from their respective countries while not applying the same rules to those from the white Commonwealth.
936:, recognising Great Britain and the Dominions as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". Their full legislative independence was subsequently confirmed in the 1931
8498:
2291:), and describes the resulting political union. Specifically, the preamble of the act states: "Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom
5528:(Act no. 56 of 1942). The long title for the Act was "To remove Doubts as to the Validity of certain Commonwealth Legislation, to obviate Delays occurring in its Passage, and to effect certain related purposes, by adopting certain Sections of the Statute of Westminster, 1931, as from the Commencement of the War between His Majesty the King and Germany." Link:
2985:. Rhodesia continued with its Dominion-style constitution until 1970, and continued to issue British passports to its citizens. The Rhodesian government continued to profess its loyalty to the Sovereign, despite being in a state of rebellion against Her Majesty's Government in London, until 1970, when it adopted a republican constitution following a
3054:, in Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions 1918β1931, stated that "the Dominions are sovereign international States in the sense that the King in respect of each of His Dominions (Newfoundland excepted) is such a State in the eyes of international law". After then, those countries that were previously referred to as "Dominions" became
1714:(1899β1902). The self-governing colonies contributed significantly to British efforts to stem the insurrection, but ensured that they set the conditions for participation in these wars. Colonial governments repeatedly acted to ensure that they determined the extent of their participation in imperial wars in the military build-up to the
1691:
explicit recognition. Canada's passage from being an integral part of the
British Empire to being an independent member of the Commonwealth richly illustrates the way in which fundamental constitutional rules have evolved through the interaction of constitutional convention, international law, and municipal statute and case law.
1686:
then full independence for Canada and other possessions of the
British Empire did not occur by the granting of titles or similar recognition by the British Parliament but by initiatives taken by the new governments of certain former British dependencies to assert their independence and to establish constitutional precedents.
1238:, the status of "Dominion" ceased to exist on January 1, 1949, when it was decided that each Dominion would enact laws pertaining to its own citizenship. However, "Dominion status" itself never ceased to exist within the greater scope of British law, because acts pertaining to "Dominion status", such as the
5100:
of the Irish Free State: "MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, We, your
Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Senators and Commons of Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled, having learnt of the passing of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, being the Act of Parliament for the ratification of
1721:
The assertiveness of the self-governing countries was recognised in the
Imperial Conference of 1907 which, on the motions of the Prime Ministers of Canada and Australia, introduced the idea of the Dominions as self-governing countries by referring to Canada and Australia as Dominions. It also retired
1998:
enjoyed responsible government from 1855 to 1907 when it became a
Dominion. Following the recommendations of a Royal Commission, and at the request of the Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council of Newfoundland, parliamentary government was suspended in 1934 due to severe financial difficulties
1690:
What is remarkable about this whole process is that it was achieved with a minimum of legislative amendments. Much of Canada's independence arose from the development of new political arrangements, many of which have been absorbed into judicial decisions interpreting the constitutionβwith or without
1432:
did not receive self-government until 1891, mainly because of its continuing financial dependence on the UK Government. After protracted negotiations (that initially included New
Zealand), six Australian colonies with responsible government (and their dependent territories) agreed to federate, along
1585:
At its inception in 1867, Canada's colonial status was marked by political and legal subjugation to
British Imperial supremacy in all aspects of governmentβlegislative, judicial, and executive. The Imperial Parliament at Westminster could legislate on any matter to do with Canada and could override
3218:
government a Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The legal status of Dominion in British nationality law had ceased to exist on 1 January 1949. However, leaders of the independence movements sometimes called for Dominion status as one stage in the negotiations for independence (for example,
2201:
Four colonies of Australia had enjoyed responsible government since 1856: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. Queensland had responsible government soon after its founding in 1859. Because of ongoing financial dependence on Britain, Western Australia became the last Australian
1685:
As Heard later explained, the British government seldom invoked its powers over Canadian legislation. British legislative powers over Canadian domestic policy were largely theoretical and their exercise was increasingly unacceptable in the 1870s and 1880s. The rise to the status of a Dominion and
1618:
provided that no colonial law could validly conflict with, amend, or repeal Imperial legislation that either explicitly, or by necessary implication, applied directly to that colony. The Merchant Shipping Act of 1894, as well as the Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act of 1890 required reservation of
4482:
The issue of our country's legal title was one of the few points on which our constitution is not entirely homemade. The Fathers of Confederation wanted to call the country "the Kingdom of Canada". However the British government was afraid of offending the Americans so it insisted on the Fathers
1695:
What was significant about the creation of the Canadian and Australian federations was not that they were instantly granted wide new powers by the Imperial centre at the time of their creation; but that they, because of their greater size and prestige, were better able to exercise their existing
1609:
in Council. Secondly, Section 56 provides that the Governor General must forward to "one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State" in London a copy of any Federal legislation that has been assented to. Then, within two years after the receipt of this copy, the (British) Monarch in Council
3673:
Although there was no formal definition of dominion status, a pronouncement by the Imperial Conference of 1926 described Great Britain and the dominions as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or
3407:
There was a significant demand for labour which came not only from the Caribbean but also from mainland Europe, Ireland, India, and Pakistan. However, it was opposition to Commonwealth and empire immigration that stood out, with a reluctance for example to accept skilled Caribbean labour. While
5774:
Mr. K.N. Gichoya, bringing a motion on 11 June 1964 in the Kenyan House of Representatives that Kenya be made a Republic: "I should make it clear to those who must know our status today, we are actually a dominion of the United Kingdom in the same way as ... Canada, Australia and New Zealand."
5042:
Indian Independence Act 1947, "An Act to make provision for the setting up in India of two independent Dominions, to substitute other provisions for certain provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, which apply outside those Dominions, and to provide for other matters consequential on or
2934:
and established as a self-governing colony with substantial autonomy on the model of the Dominions. The imperial authorities in London retained direct powers over foreign affairs, constitutional alterations, native administration and bills regarding mining revenues, railways and the governor's
1126:
to designate "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations".
4907:
3217:
The term "Dominion" remained in informal use for some years when relating to newly independent territories and was sometimes used to refer to the status of former British territories during an immediate post-independence period while the British monarch remained head of state, and the form of
1223:)βwere granted independence and at the same time recognised the British monarch as head of state, the United Kingdom act granting independence declared that such and such a territory "shall form part of Her Majesty's dominions", and so become part of the territory in which the Queen exercises
5183:
2361:
declared war on Germany on 9 September 1939, separately and distinctly from the United Kingdom's declaration of war six days earlier. By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". The government of
1416:(in 1851) from New South Wales. During 1856, responsible government was achieved by New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania, and New Zealand. The remainder of New South Wales was divided in three in 1859, a change that established most of the present borders of NSW; the
1599:
When the Dominion of Canada was created in 1867, it was granted powers of self-government to deal with all internal matters, but Britain still retained overall legislative supremacy. This Imperial supremacy could be exercised through several statutory measures. In the first place, the
3226:). Moreover, while these independent states retained the British monarch as head of state, they remained "within the Crown's dominions" in British law, leading to the confusion of terminology. These constitutions were typically replaced by republican constitutions within a few years.
1202:
is a legal and constitutional phrase that refers to all the realms and territories of the British sovereign, whether independent or not. These territories include the United Kingdom and its colonies, including those that had become Dominions. Dependent territories that had never been
2950:. When the Dominions were first treated as foreign countries by London for the purposes of diplomatic immunity in 1952, Southern Rhodesia was included in the list of territories concerned. This semi-Dominion status continued in Southern Rhodesia between 1953 and 1963, when it joined
2397:, it is now hardly used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces or (historically) Canada before and after 1867. Nonetheless, the federal government continues to produce publications and educational materials that specify the currency of these official titles. The
1826:
delegating functions to the King, not as King in Ireland but as the symbol of the co-operation amongst Commonwealth countries with which Ireland associated itself, continued to apply in external relations. The last statutory functions of the King with respect to Ireland were
1861:
By the request of Australia and New Zealand, the Statute of Westminster was not applied automatically to those two Dominions until their own parliaments confirmed it. Being economically close to Britain and dependent on it for defence, they did not do so until
1999:
resulting from the depression and a series of riots against the Newfoundland government in 1932. In 1934 Newfoundland reverted to direct British rule, governed by an unelected commission appointed by the British government. In 1949, it joined Canada and the
1576:
By the time of Confederation in 1867, this system had been operating in most of what is now central and eastern Canada for almost 20 years. The Fathers of Confederation simply continued the system they knew, the system that was already working, and working
1164:. Dominions asserted full legislative independence, with direct access to the Monarch as Head of State previously reserved only for British governments. It also recognised autonomy in foreign affairs, including participation as autonomous countries in the
2779:. Despite the suspension of its legislature, and its de facto loss of Dominion status, Newfoundland continued to be regarded during these 15 years as a de jure Dominionβevidently shown by the fact that Newfoundland continued to be a responsibility of the
3209:" (instead of "ambassador") for communication between the government of a Dominion and the British government in London continues in respect of members of the Commonwealth, including those that were never Dominions and those that have become republics.
5175:
1895:
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland and South Africa (prior to becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth in 1961), with their large populations of European descent, were sometimes collectively referred to as the
2783:
in Londonβthe intention of its commission of government not only to deal with Newfoundland's affairs, and dire economic situation, but to prepare the populace for the day that the legislature would be reconvened, and nationhood thus resumed. After
1563:
began to use the phrase "Dominion of Canada" to designate the new, larger country. However, neither the Confederation nor the adoption of the title of "Dominion" granted extra autonomy or new powers to this new federal level of government. Senator
5101:
the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, do, by this humble Address, pray your Majesty that the powers of the Parliament and Government of the Irish Free State shall no longer extend to Northern Ireland". Source:
6161:
The Australian Commonwealth and her relation to the British Empire: An Address delivered by the Right Hon. Sir George Reid G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L. to the Canadian Club of Ottawa at a luncheon given in the Chateau Laurier on Monday, 9th September
4901:
As dictated by the British North America Act, 1867, the title is Dominion of Canada. The term is a uniquely Canadian one, implying independence and not colonial status, and was developed as a tribute to the Monarchical principle at the time of
2896:. The provinces had their own legislatures. In 1961, the Union of South Africa adopted a new constitution, became a republic, left the Commonwealth (and re-joined following end of Apartheid rule in 1994), and became the present-day Republic of
3001:
of December 1979, which put it under interim British rule while fresh elections were held. The country achieved independence deemed legal by the international community in April 1980, when Britain granted independence under the name Zimbabwe.
4487:. In the realms of political terminology, the term dominion can be directly attributed to the Fathers of Confederation and it is one of the very few, distinctively Canadian contributions in this area. It remains our country's official title.
4916:, p. 8, "The two small points on which our constitution is not entirely homemade are, first, the legal title of our country, 'Dominion', and, second, the provisions for breaking a deadlock between the Senate and the House of Commons".
2242:
as his representative in Australia, against the wishes of the opposition and officials in London. The governments of the states (colonies before 1901) remained under the Commonwealth but retained links to the UK until the passage of the
3117:, the Dominions were then referred to as "independent Commonwealth countries"; other former British dependencies that joined the Commonwealth were added to the list of "independent Commonwealth Countries" as they gained independence.
4669:(UK), which came into effect as the Constitution of Western Australia when proclaimed in WA on 21 October 1890, and establishing responsible government in WA from that date; Australian Government's "Documenting a Democracy" website:
2295:..." Furthermore, Sections 3 and 4 indicate that the provinces "shall form and be One Dominion under the Name of Canada; and on and after that Day those Three Provinces shall form and be One Dominion under that Name accordingly".
1769:
in 1917, which gave them a say in the running of the war. Dominion status as self-governing states, as opposed to symbolic titles granted various British colonies, waited until 1919, when the self-governing Dominions signed the
2716:
with the name of "Ireland" which ceased to participate in Commonwealth conferences and events. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom and other member states of the Commonwealth continued to regard Ireland as a Dominion owing to the
3238:, maintained their formal allegiance to the British monarch, they soon revised their status to become republics. Britain also attempted to establish a Dominion model in decolonising Africa, but it, too, was unsuccessful. ...
2374:, which had been used largely as a synonym of "federal" or "national" such as "Dominion building" for a post office, "Dominion-provincial relations", and so on. The last major change was renaming the national holiday from
868:
increased unevenly over the late 19th century through the 1930s. Vestiges of empire lasted in some dominions well into the late 20th century. With the evolution of the British Empire following the 1945 conclusion of the
1604:
provided in Section 55 that the Governor General may reserve any legislation passed by the two Houses of Parliament for "the signification of Her Majesty's pleasure", which is determined according to Section 57 by the
4960:
4115:
The "Northern Territory of New South Wales" was physically separated from the main part of NSW. In 1863, the bulk of it was transferred to South Australia, except for a small area that became part of Queensland. See:
2027:, passed by the Parliament of South Africa, long title "To constitute the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto", assented to 24 April 1961 to come into operation on 31 May 1961.
2788:, Newfoundlanders rejected both the continuance of the Newfoundland Commission of Government and return to responsible government, voting instead to join Canada as its 10th province. This was achieved under the
5153:
992:, without its legal dimension, stayed in use thirty more years for those Commonwealth countries which had the crown as head of state. Gradually, particularly after 1953, the term was replaced by the term
1142:
to assure it the same constitutional status in order to avoid confusion with the wider term "His Majesty's dominions", which referred to the British Empire as a whole. At the time of the founding of the
1639:
of Dominion citizens were carried out at British diplomatic offices. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Dominion governments established their own embassies, the first two of which were established by
1335:
Section 3 of the Act referred to the new entity as a "Dominion", the first such entity to be created. From 1870 the Dominion included two vast neighbouring British territories without self-government:
5889:"Prime Minister Jugnauth proposed to amend the constitution to change Mauritius from a dominion to a republic. It was passed unanimously and on 12 March 1992, Mauritius acceded to a republic state."
4129:. In 1911, the Commonwealth of Australia agreed to assume responsibility for administration of the Northern Territory, which was regarded by the government of South Australia as a financial burden.
1147:
in 1924, the League Covenant made provision for the admission of any "fully self-governing state, Dominion, or Colony", the implication being that "Dominion status was something between that of a
8042:
4450:
who see signs of creeping republicanism in such changes can take comfort in the knowledge that the Constitution Act, 1982, retains the title and requires a constitutional amendment to alter it.
4293:
3322:
upon independence. Similar occasional references to Barbados (which retained the Queen as head of state from 1966 to 2021) as a "dominion" can be found in publications as late as the 1970s.
3948:
3065:, which fatally undermined Britain's already weakened commercial and financial leadership, further loosened the political ties between Britain and the Dominions. Australian Prime Minister
1615:
3050:
the language of dependency on the Crown of the United Kingdom ceased, where the Crown itself was no longer referred to as the Crown of any place in particular but simply as "the Crown".
7983:
2220:, the federal government was regarded as coequal with (and not subordinate to) the British and other Dominion governments, and this was given formal legal recognition in 1942 (when the
2926:. Although it was never a Dominion de jure, it was treated as a Dominion in many respects, and came to be regarded as a de facto Dominion. Southern Rhodesia was formed in 1923 out of
2629:
of 1942 proposed the further devolution of powers, within Dominion status, to the political leadership of British India. Cripps's plan was rejected and full independence was sought.
1283:
of Colonies with responsible government were able to make laws in all matters other than foreign affairs, defence and international trade, these being powers which remained with the
3569:
When the Dominion of Canada was created in 1867 it was granted powers of self-government to deal with all internal matters, but Britain still retained overall legislative supremacy.
2737:, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and unequivocally ended Ireland's links with the British Monarch and the Commonwealth. This Act was recognised by the United Kingdom in the
3378:
The High Contracting Parties agree that His Majesty The King and Emperor may accede to the present Convention in respect of any other Member of the British Commonwealth of Nations
4415:
1072:
were united into the Dominion of Canada. The new federal and provincial governments split considerable local powers, but Britain retained overall legislative supremacy. At the
4952:
2261:
5245:
2705:
to opt out of inclusion in the Irish Free State, whichβas had been widely expected at the timeβit duly did one day after the creation of the new state, on 7 December 1922.
1191:
The status of "Dominion" established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 was capitalised to distinguish it from the more general sense of "within the crown's dominions".
7794:
1581:
The constitutional scholar Andrew Heard argues that Confederation did not legally change Canada's colonial status to anything approaching its later status of a Dominion.
8035:
3082:
3242:, the first former colony declared a Dominion in 1957, soon demanded recognition as a republic. Other African nations followed a similar pattern throughout the 1960s:
1873:
In 1934, following Newfoundland's economic collapse, and with the approval of its own legislature, Britain suspended self-government in Newfoundland and instituted a "
1468:
5105:
1175:, the changes in the constitutional relationship between the countries that continued to share a common sovereign with the United Kingdom led to the upper case term
5145:
985:, so that both types of governments could become and remain full members of the Commonwealth, and this term hence refers to the autonomous dominions and republics.
3058:
where the sovereign reigns no longer as the British monarch, but as monarch of each country in its own right, and are considered equal to the UK and one another.
2578:, which, as a Crown colony, was originally promised "fully responsible status within the British Commonwealth of Nations", was formally granted independence as a
2302:(1999), "The word came to be applied to the federal government and Parliament, and under the Constitution Act, 1982, 'Dominion' remains Canada's official title."
8028:
6199:
5304:
4465:
2840:
and in the same year legislation passed in London gave New Zealand full powers to amend its own constitution. In 1986, the New Zealand parliament passed the
3529:
6653:
2974:
2962:, with the latter two territories continuing to be British protectorates. When Northern Rhodesia was given independence in 1964 it adopted the new name of
1765:
The initiatives and contributions of British colonies to the British war effort in the First World War were recognised by Britain with the creation of the
2607:. Discussions on the further devolution of power, and granting of Dominion status, continued through the 1920s, with the Commonwealth of India Bill 1925,
4884:
1806:
in Newfoundland, took the position in 1922. Dominion status was never popular in the Irish Free State where people saw it as a face-saving measure for a
835:
3190:(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Jamaica, etc.) from those that do not (India, Pakistan, South Africa, etc.). The term "Dominion" is still found in the
2186:
1774:
independently of the British government and became individual members of the League of Nations. This ended the purely colonial status of the Dominions.
4548:
2202:
colony to attain self-government in 1890. During the 1890s, the colonies voted to unite and in 1901 they were federated under the British Crown as the
3427:
1722:
the name "Colonial Conference" and mandated that meetings take place regularly to consult the Dominions in running the foreign affairs of the empire.
7367:
5216:
3915:
2722:
1823:
1594:βwho was advised only by British ministers in its exercise. Canada's independence came about as each of these sub-ordinations was eventually removed.
3168:, the phrase "of her other Realms and Territories" replaced "Dominion" with another mediaeval French word with the same connotation, "realm" (from
2216:
had been drafted in Australia and approved by popular consent. Thus Australia is one of the few countries established by a popular vote. Under the
974:
7961:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
3940:
1631:
in foreign countries. International travel and commerce were transacted through British embassies and consulates. For example, matters concerning
8652:
3821:
3113:
entered into force on 1 January 1949, the former Dominions became fully independent, and adopted their own legislation governing nationality. In
1818:. Successive Irish governments undermined the constitutional links with the United Kingdom. In 1937 Ireland, as it renamed itself, adopted a new
2495:
Notable Canadian corporations and organisations (not affiliated with government) that have used Dominion as a part of their name have included:
5955:
4088:
Link to the Order in Council of 6 June 1859, which established the Colony of Queensland, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia.
3172:). Thus, recently, when referring to one of those fifteen countries within the Commonwealth of Nations that share the same monarch, the phrase
6114:
5116:
2846:, which repealed the Constitution Act of 1852 and the last constitutional links with the United Kingdom, formally ending its Dominion status.
7526:
6026:
3674:
external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations."
1586:
any local legislation, the final court of appeal for Canadian litigation lay with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, the
3660:
3165:
7954:
7937:
7815:
2526:
1545:
into "One Dominion under the Name of Canada", the first federation internal to the British Empire. Tilley's suggestion was taken from the
7406:
2760:
2000:
1815:
3497:
7096:
7090:
6192:
6134:
5396:
A matter of weeks rather than months: The Impasse between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith: Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965β1969
4983:
3230:
After World War II, Britain attempted to repeat the Dominion model in decolonising the Caribbean. ... Though several colonies, such as
2208:
942:. In the 1920s and 1930s, they began to represent themselves in international bodies, in treaty making, and in foreign capitals. Later
5102:
3750:
2751:
In 1934, after a series of financial difficulties (owing in part to Newfoundland's railway debt from the 1890s, and its debt from the
2112:
Continued as a monarchy until 1956 when it became a republic under the name "The Islamic Republic of Pakistan": Constitution of 1956.
904:, although for the next five years they shared the same secretary in charge of both offices. "Dominion status" was first accorded to
8647:
8303:
7152:
4441:
4307:
2986:
2328:
2143:
1271:
The foundation of "Dominion" status followed the achievement of internal self-rule in British Colonies, in the specific form of full
52:
2763:
and autonomy, becoming a dependent territory of the British Empire until 1949. During these 15 years, Newfoundland was ruled by the
5977:
5241:
4252:
3015:
2837:
2482:
2227:
1867:
1863:
266:
5274:
8427:
4570:
4214:
1851:
828:
7000:
6035:
5049:
3298:
from 1961 to 1962, after which it became a republic and then merged with the former British protectorate of Zanzibar to become
3194:
where it appears numerous times, but it is largely a vestige of the past, as the Canadian government does not actively use it (
3046:, although the British government claimed and exercised the exclusive power to declare wars. However, after the passage of the
1640:
1611:
1033:
to refer to a particular territory within the British Empire dates back to the 16th century and was sometimes used to describe
7361:
6185:
6100:
6060:
6008:
5925:
5874:
5848:
5798:
5759:
5734:
5688:
5624:
5597:
5534:
5477:
5403:
4815:
4737:
4698:
4673:
4645:
4613:
4427:
4387:
4182:
3901:
3785:
3594:
3556:
3461:
2764:
2718:
2152:
of 1953 changed references to "dominions" in the monarch's titles in the various Dominions to "realms", after which the term
2054:
1513:
In connection with proposals for the future government of British North America, use of the term "Dominion" was suggested by
1380:
4133:
4122:
4090:
4073:
4027:
4004:
3977:
3390:
1026:
means "that which is mastered or ruled". It was used by the British to describe their colonies or territorial possessions.
7699:
7309:
6535:
5900:
4050:
2978:
2499:
4839:
2828:. New Zealand, Canada, and Newfoundland used the word Dominion in the official title of the state, whereas Australia used
8610:
7639:
6421:
6306:
3519:
1878:
1850:
Until 1931, Newfoundland was referred to as a colony of the United Kingdom, as for example, in the 1927 reference to the
1644:
3362:"t the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 27th day of October, 1939. PRESENT, The KING's Most Excellent Majesty in Council"
2697:
on 6 December 1922 the new stateβwhich had Dominion status in the likeness of that enjoyed by Canada within the British
2185:
or Ireland in English in 1937. In 1937β1949, the Dominion was referred to as "Eire" by the British government. See also
1104:
in 1914 declared that, from 5 November 1914, the island "shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's dominions".
8390:
7357:
5719:"For the first three years of its independence, Nigeria was a dominion. As a result, its head of state was Elizabeth II
5334:
5242:"History, Constitutional - The Legislative Authority of the New Zealand Parliament - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand"
2489:
2486:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2403:
does not mention and does not remove the title, and therefore a constitutional amendment may be required to change it.
2156:
generally fell into disuse, and the countries sharing the same monarch as the United Kingdom came to be referred to as
821:
7519:
6712:
5823:
5462:
Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations action in the question of Southern Rhodesia
5027:
4993:
4937:
4365:
In the Matter of the Boundary between the Dominion of Canada and the Colony of Newfoundland in the Labrador Peninsula
3341:
2815:
2688:
1601:
1590:
had a substantive role as a representative of the British government, and ultimate executive power was vested in the
1408:
1122:
was formally accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the
8662:
7392:
7379:
3206:
2893:
2799:
2732:
2664:
2660:
2550:, a supermarket chain founded in 1927; following a series of acquisitions the last Dominion stores were renamed as
1828:
1440:
became the first British self-governing Colony, in 1872. (Until 1893, the Cape Colony also controlled the separate
1284:
1220:
5555:
The King and His Dominion Governors: A Study of the Reserve Powers of the Crown in Great Britain and the Dominions
5296:
4469:
7608:
7339:
6177:
1161:
1059:
706:
6159:
2659:
was drafted and promulgated in 1950. Pakistan remained a dominion until it became an Islamic republic under its
2582:
in 1948. In 1972 it adopted a republican constitution to become the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of
2234:, reinforced the right of the overseas Dominions to appoint native-born governors-general, when he advised King
1666:, but stopped short of creating a full citizenship. Canada was the first to create its own citizenship with the
7902:
7430:
7044:
6938:
6755:
6439:
5089:
4516:
3997:
3331:
2702:
2560:
The Historica-Dominion Institute, its successor following a 2009 merger with the Historica Foundation; renamed
1854:
to delineate the Quebec-Labrador boundary. Full autonomy was granted by the United Kingdom parliament with the
1667:
513:
468:
4888:
4724:
1553:
also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth", which is echoed in the national motto, "
7712:
7476:
7227:
6668:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
6565:
6497:
3093:
3042:
Initially, the Dominions conducted their own trade policy, some limited foreign relations and had autonomous
2785:
2461:
2427:
1384:
1211:, were notionally foreign territory and not "within the crown's dominions". When these territoriesβincluding
1180:
339:
8020:
3069:'s unprecedented action (February 1942) in successfully countermanding an order from British Prime Minister
2981:(NIBMAR). London regarded this declaration as illegal, and applied sanctions and expelled Rhodesia from the
7512:
6962:
6886:
6862:
6856:
6213:
3420:
3307:
3263:
3124:
3108:
2931:
2642:
2620:
2602:
2058:
1673:
1076:, the self-governing polities of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia were referred to collectively as
5205:
3890:
8283:
7929:
7595:
6445:
5863:"In 1971 Siaka Stevens embarked on the process to transform Sierra Leone from a Dominion to a Republic."
5675:
5553:
4602:
3774:
3583:
3283:
3275:
3137:
3047:
3019:
2939:
2338:
2222:
2217:
1855:
1844:
1840:
1614:
an Act. Thirdly, at least four pieces of Imperial legislation constrained the Canadian legislatures. The
1155:
937:
933:
533:
48:
6049:
5504:
Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions, 1918-1931: From Self-government to National Sovereignty
8598:
8440:
7667:
7444:
7418:
7315:
7084:
3303:
3295:
3274:
As the above quote indicates, the term Dominion was sometimes applied in Africa to Ghana (formerly the
3259:
3247:
2959:
2885:
2557:
The Dominion Institute, created in 1997 to promote awareness of Canadian history and national identity
2285:
2148:
2142:
There was no single constitutional or legislative change that abolished the status of "dominions". The
1473:
354:
3817:
3314:
from 1968 to 1992. Malta also retained the Queen as head of state from 1964 to 1974 under the name of
2393:
While the term may be found in older official documents, and the Dominion Carillonneur still tolls at
1406:βand New Zealand could gain full responsible government were set out by the British government in the
8657:
8134:
7958:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
7601:
7557:
7279:
6990:
6665:
6635:
6393:
3311:
3267:
2998:
2829:
2694:
2668:
2537:
2213:
2203:
1518:
1391:
1276:
1216:
20:
6087:
4604:
The Statesman's Year-Book: A Statistical, Political, and Economic Account of the States of the World
3391:"Commonwealth migration since 1945: What was the context and impact of migration in modern Britain?"
7782:
7490:
7437:
7345:
7303:
7267:
7221:
6836:
6485:
6427:
5113:
3078:
2927:
2615:
1928 being often cited proposals. Further powers were eventually devolved, following the 1930β1932
2598:
2541:
2449:
1983:
1874:
1734:
1705:
1495:
1376:
1123:
1073:
929:
917:
104:
8052:
7999:
7831:
7706:
7674:
7655:
7321:
7273:
7215:
6924:
6868:
6244:
5438:
3656:
3114:
3051:
2825:
2709:
2698:
2616:
2530:
1968:
1819:
1730:
1491:
1340:
1235:
1081:
1065:
1052:
962:
913:
874:
762:
329:
4171:
8339:
8084:
8079:
7470:
7451:
7327:
7291:
7063:
7051:
6950:
6830:
6818:
6706:
6661:
6649:
6280:
3287:
3251:
2889:
2821:
2547:
2399:
2322:
2279:
2269:
1995:
1945:
1799:
1569:
1558:
1522:
1328:
1322:
1314:
1272:
1262:
1089:
1038:
777:
344:
5587:
5017:
3974:
3123:
ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, upon the coming into force of the
2230:
to the commencement of the Second World War in 1939). In 1930, the Australian prime minister,
1248:, recognised that the Republic of Ireland had "ceased to be part of His Majesty's dominions".
19:
This article is about the self-governing countries of the British Empire. For other uses, see
8672:
8478:
8466:
8069:
8009:
7615:
6770:
6547:
6529:
6338:
6269:
6040:
5614:
5429:
5043:
connected with the setting up of those Dominions" passed by the U.K. parliament 18 July 1947.
4805:
4540:
4303:
3489:
3291:
3255:
3243:
3191:
3153:
3074:
2879:
2855:
2841:
2833:
2656:
2513:
2084:
2012:
1953:
1847:, 1931, restricted Britain's ability to pass or affect laws outside of its own jurisdiction.
1791:
1738:
1726:
1514:
1499:
1425:
1356:
1266:
1212:
1208:
1093:
1085:
1069:
921:
882:
865:
772:
635:
232:
6142:
5649:
5647:
4218:
3642:
3361:
1761:, the poster urges men from the Dominions of the British Empire to enlist in the war effort.
8354:
8129:
7920:
7738:
7651:
7585:
7563:
7464:
7424:
7333:
7297:
7235:
7160:
6848:
6583:
6577:
6571:
3149:
2630:
2586:. By a new constitution in 1978, it became the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
2441:
2092:
1771:
1766:
1679:
1554:
1417:
1306:
947:
2128:
Continued as a monarchy until 1972 when it became a republic under the name of Sri Lanka.
1790:, was the third Dominion to appoint a non-UK born, non-aristocratic Governor-General when
8:
8574:
8369:
8349:
8263:
8225:
8200:
7399:
7202:
7109:
7057:
6944:
6932:
6912:
6900:
6812:
6603:
6515:
5867:
A New Perspective on Governance, Leadership, Conflict and Nation Building in Sierra Leone
4363:
3235:
3156:, and of all her other "realms and territories" etc. This also reflected the change from
3120:
2994:
2871:
2713:
2358:
2039:
1457:
1012:
at the end of the nineteenth century. "Dominions" refers to all territories belonging to
696:
605:
562:
349:
114:
5969:
4646:"Order-in-Council establishing Representative Government in Queensland 6 June 1859 (UK)"
2687:(Ireland from 1937) was a British Dominion between 1922 and 1949. As established by the
8586:
8173:
7645:
7627:
7567:
7458:
7184:
7146:
7122:
7103:
6994:
6541:
6467:
6433:
6332:
6312:
6238:
5949:
5270:
4786:
4778:
4346:
4338:
3724:
3174:
3145:
3101:
3055:
2803:
2768:
2759:) and a riot against the elected government, Newfoundland voluntarily relinquished its
2648:
2579:
2434:
2245:
2117:
1807:
1526:
1421:
1413:
1395:
1294:
1139:
1048:
951:
893:
886:
334:
119:
94:
3742:
8667:
8230:
8124:
8094:
8005:
7591:
7209:
7174:
6906:
6794:
6742:
6736:
6720:
6559:
6553:
6503:
6473:
6403:
6106:
6096:
6066:
6056:
6014:
6004:
5921:
5896:
5870:
5844:
5819:
5794:
5755:
5730:
5694:
5684:
5655:
5630:
5620:
5593:
5560:
5508:
5483:
5473:
5409:
5399:
5376:
5023:
4989:
4933:
4862:
4811:
4790:
4743:
4733:
4704:
4694:
4619:
4609:
4433:
4423:
4393:
4383:
4350:
4188:
4178:
3907:
3897:
3865:
3791:
3781:
3728:
3716:
3600:
3590:
3467:
3457:
3279:
3239:
3070:
3027:
2990:
2951:
2919:
2912:
2652:
2465:
2363:
2309:
was employed as the country's name after 1867, predating the general use of the term
2068:
2063:, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and declared that the state was a republic.
1803:
1429:
1399:
1279:"). Colonial responsible government began to emerge during the mid-19th century. The
1165:
1144:
943:
767:
488:
319:
271:
99:
32:
5816:
Tanzania Revisited: Political Stability, Aid Dependency, and Development Constraints
5045:
3132:
The independence of the separate realms was emphasised after the accession of Queen
1022:
8562:
8454:
8412:
8397:
8248:
8109:
8104:
7962:
7895:
7887:
7879:
7807:
7718:
7686:
7573:
7373:
7285:
7070:
6596:
6589:
6491:
6376:
6321:
5469:
5465:
5446:
5442:
4885:"The Prince of Wales 2001 Royal Visit: April 25 - April 30; Test Your Royal Skills"
4770:
4330:
4248:
3857:
3706:
3698:
3552:
3319:
3212:
3062:
2867:
2794:
2780:
2756:
2738:
2684:
2608:
2561:
2032:
1783:
1648:
1587:
1453:
1372:
1336:
1317:
in 1855. All except for Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island agreed to form a new
1244:
1215:
and protected states (a status with greater powers of self-government), as well as
1172:
1135:
1097:
925:
870:
600:
523:
493:
367:
109:
89:
6207:
5616:
The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II
5559:. By Evatt, H. V. (2nd ed.). London: Frank Cass & Company. p. xvii.
5529:
4807:
The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II
4670:
4653:
4578:
4154:
2942:
although relations with Southern Rhodesia were administered in London through the
1092:βwere granted the status of Dominion in the same year. These were followed by the
8550:
8538:
8385:
8308:
8298:
8210:
8193:
8114:
8089:
7915:
7692:
7621:
7412:
7351:
7190:
6874:
6776:
6479:
6166:
6074:
5702:
5568:
5538:
5502:
5371:
Rowland, J. Reid (April 1978). "Constitutional History of Rhodesia: An outline".
5120:
5109:
5088:
On 7 December 1922 (the day after the establishment of the Irish Free State) the
4927:
4691:
Head of State: the Governor-General, the Monarchy, the Republic and the Dismissal
4677:
4627:
4196:
4137:
4130:
4126:
4117:
4094:
4077:
4070:
4054:
4031:
4024:
4008:
4001:
3981:
3799:
3608:
3141:
3010:
2947:
2943:
2938:
Southern Rhodesia was not one of the territories that were mentioned in the 1931
2863:
2824:(General Assembly) and home rule in 1852. In 1907 New Zealand was proclaimed the
2752:
2641:) seceded from India at the point of Indian Independence with the passage of the
2517:
2423:
2394:
2257:
1795:
1787:
1754:
1715:
1711:
1655:
1632:
1606:
1591:
1445:
1441:
1403:
901:
897:
811:
784:
640:
630:
427:
324:
4047:
2701:βcomprised the whole of Ireland. However, provision was made in the Act for the
1479:
as a pretentious dwarf beneath a massive "Dominion" top hat. The caption reads:
8526:
8502:
8205:
8183:
8157:
7800:
7788:
7633:
7249:
7178:
7167:
6956:
6918:
6824:
6788:
6782:
6748:
6286:
6209:
4831:
3315:
2923:
2626:
2575:
2540:, in Nova Scotia, formed by the 1894 merger of two railways; controlled by the
2314:
2182:
2165:
1449:
1101:
1009:
857:
853:
789:
720:
625:
458:
372:
5634:
5512:
5019:
Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization
4177:(Revised and expanded ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 17β21.
3861:
3702:
2708:
Following a plebiscite of the people of the Free State held on 1 July 1937, a
1568:
wrote that the powers acquired since the 1840s that established the system of
1321:
named Canada from 1867. This was instituted by the British Parliament in the
8641:
8490:
8278:
8178:
8144:
8074:
8050:
7841:
7661:
6842:
6726:
6018:
5698:
5427:
Harris, P. B. (September 1969). "The Rhodesian Referendum: June 20th, 1969".
5413:
4298:
3911:
3869:
3720:
3471:
3219:
3187:
2982:
2638:
2594:
2506:
2454:
Dominion Carillonneur: official responsible for playing the carillons at the
2231:
2096:
1758:
1565:
1542:
1310:
676:
571:
473:
463:
304:
6110:
6078:
5706:
5487:
4747:
4708:
4631:
4623:
4608:(1996β1997, 133rd ed.). London: the Macmillan Press. pp. 130β156.
4437:
4397:
4192:
3612:
3604:
2370:
in the statutes of Canada in 1951. This began the phasing out of the use of
1505:
1490:
The Commonwealth of Australia was recognised as a Dominion in 1901, and the
8514:
8417:
8313:
8293:
8288:
8253:
7871:
7579:
7140:
7134:
7115:
6880:
6615:
6522:
6461:
6455:
6170:
6070:
5572:
5380:
4289:
4200:
3803:
3795:
3689:
Mohr, T. (2013). "The Statute of Westminster, 1931: An Irish Perspective".
3336:
3133:
3089:
3043:
3031:
2977:
from Britain in 1965 as a result of the British government's insistence on
2897:
2767:, an unelected body of civil servants who were directly subordinate to the
2755:, both of which were exacerbated by the collapse of fish prices during the
2612:
2414:
2383:
2375:
2239:
1749:
1368:
1348:
1131:
725:
652:
646:
620:
615:
591:
581:
518:
407:
227:
151:
8533:
5589:
The Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Louis
5564:
1654:
Until 1948 any resident of a British colony or Dominion had the status of
1463:
8344:
8268:
7988:
7484:
7385:
7196:
6800:
6700:
6415:
6409:
5659:
3941:"Historical background information on nationality (nationality guidance)"
3081:
was then en route from the Middle East to Australia to defend against an
3066:
3035:
2859:
2634:
2455:
2354:
2344:
2004:
1834:
1710:
Issues of colonial self-government spilled into foreign affairs with the
1538:
1476:
1437:
1290:
1280:
1224:
881:), finalised in 1949, the dominions became independent states, either as
730:
715:
657:
528:
392:
191:
186:
166:
156:
146:
5347:
3014:
The prime ministers of Britain and the four major Dominions at the 1944
806:
8422:
8364:
8329:
8220:
8215:
8152:
8119:
8061:
7261:
7242:
6985:
6764:
6383:
6300:
6030:
5303:. Wellington: Parliamentary Counsel Office, Government of New Zealand.
4782:
4468:. Department of Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada. Archived from
4342:
4119:
Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863
2728:
2672:
2551:
2418:
2379:
2333:, other contemporaneous texts, and subsequent bills. References to the
1318:
1256:
1228:
1115:(front, centre) and his Prime Ministers at the 1926 Imperial Conference
1004:
735:
691:
686:
681:
667:
508:
299:
181:
176:
40:
8628:
4732:(Year 2000 ed.). Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 680.
3711:
1572:
in Canada would simply be transferred to the new Dominion government:
1305:) were the first colonies to achieve responsible government, in 1848.
8407:
8359:
7907:
6760:
6509:
6293:
5648:
United States. Department of State. Office of the Geographer (1968).
3182:
to differentiate the Commonwealth nations that continue to share the
3023:
2955:
2908:
2583:
2023:
Continued as a monarchy until it became a republic in 1961 under the
1822:
that included powers for a president of Ireland. At the same time, a
1628:
1624:
1486:
Australia: "Oh, his head is swelling rapidly. The hat will soon fit."
1179:
falling out of use. The Dominions Office was formally changed to the
1107:
1013:
955:
909:
538:
432:
422:
417:
402:
397:
387:
261:
222:
211:
206:
196:
161:
129:
73:
68:
5375:. By Berlyn, Phillippa. Salisbury: M. O. Collins. pp. 245β251.
5064:
4774:
4380:
Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction
4334:
2989:
the previous year. This endured until the state's reconstitution as
1729:, which chose not to take part in Australian federation, became the
8402:
8099:
7835:
7750:
7029:
6981:
6730:
6657:
6643:
6639:
6609:
6397:
5093:
4484:
3454:
The Second British Empire: In the Crucible of the Twentieth Century
3299:
3097:
2967:
2235:
1811:
1636:
1546:
1344:
1112:
982:
973:
for official Commonwealth usage. This decision was made during the
171:
141:
84:
6095:(6th ed.). Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
5893:
CultureShock! Mauritius: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette
3202:). The term "realm" does not appear in the Canadian constitution.
2347:
in British legislative style. Indeed, in the original text of the
8334:
7744:
7077:
7037:
6630:
6387:
6346:
6001:
The Once and Future King: The Rise of Crown Government in America
5683:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 204.
3524:
3183:
1530:
1390:
The conditions under which the four separate Australian coloniesβ
1375:
became a Canadian province, as did Prince Edward Island in 1873.
1364:
1352:
1298:
1204:
412:
249:
239:
3848:
McIntyre, W. D. (1999). "The Strange Death of Dominion Status".
3213:
Newly independent territories sometimes referred to as Dominions
3100:
in August 1947. The last country officially made a Dominion was
2858:
was formed in 1910 from the four self-governing colonies of the
2502:
founded in 1868 and incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1890
2178:
1433:
Canadian lines, becoming the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.
1168:
with full power over appointing ambassadors to other countries.
1134:
had emphasised the use of the capital "D" when referring to the
877:(after which the former Dominions were often referred to as the
8258:
8188:
7754:
7129:
6894:
6672:
6274:
6141:. No. 5. The Prayer Book Society of Canada. Archived from
3231:
3205:
The practice of designating a diplomatic representative named "
2963:
2772:
2445:
2417:(1867β1982): holiday marking Canada's national day; now called
2100:
2080:
1930:
1890:
1682:
and the Dominions subsequently created their own citizenships.
1534:
1498:
were officially given Dominion status in 1907, followed by the
1302:
1148:
905:
576:
5398:. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. p. 5.
1448:(1899β1902), the British Empire assumed direct control of the
1043:
applies to "the Dominion, Principality and Country of Wales".
8604:
7255:
6977:
6449:
5585:
4382:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 45.
3278:) during the period from 1957 until 1960, when it became the
3223:
1360:
1160:, Britain and the Dominions (except Newfoundland) formed the
1034:
978:
4422:. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. p. 183.
3843:
3841:
3839:
2712:
came into force on 29 December of that year, establishing a
6806:
5970:"Barbados becomes a republic and parts ways with the Queen"
5920:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 565.
5843:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 355.
5793:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 917.
5779:, 1st Parliament, 2nd Session, Vol. 3 (Part 1), Column 135.
5754:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 937.
4761:
Scott, F. R. (January 1944). "The End of Dominion Status".
4140:. The NT did not receive responsible government until 1978.
2875:
2343:, do not clarify the point because all nouns were formally
1744:
1343:; together these became over time the current provinces of
4693:. Paddington, New South Wales: Macleay Press. p. 18.
4652:. Canberra: National Archives of Australia. Archived from
4483:
finding another title. The term "Dominion" was drawn from
4321:
F. R. Scott (January 1944). "The End of Dominion Status".
4153:, which established self-government in Western Australia:
3073:
that Australian troops be diverted to defend British-held
2448:; now used as Office of Energy Efficiency, Energy Branch,
1186:
5348:"Challenged Commonwealth? The Decolonisation of Rhodesia"
4378:
Merriman, J.; Winter, J., eds. (2006). "British Empire".
4069:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
4046:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
4023:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
3896:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath: Bloomsbury Professional.
3836:
3270:
retained their Dominion status for more than three years.
1741:
was referred to as a Dominion upon its creation in 1910.
5551:
Cowen, Z. (1967). "Introduction to the Second Edition".
5373:
The Quiet Man: A Biography of the Hon. Ian Douglas Smith
3005:
2357:
theorised that Canada's status as a Dominion ended when
5895:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 37.
5681:
Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History
5612:
5500:
4887:. Department of Canadian Heritage. 2001. Archived from
4294:"F.H. Buckley: How Canada's creation changed the world"
5818:. Hamburg: Institute of African Affairs. p. 115.
5464:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 73.
5103:
Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report, 7 December 1922
4272:
4270:
3973:
on the website of the National Archives of Australia:
2915:(Zimbabwe since 1980), coloured red on a map of Africa
1835:
Balfour Declaration of 1926 and Statute of Westminster
8438:
7860:
6993:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
5613:
Irene Morra; Rob Gossedge, eds. (30 September 2016).
2966:, prompting Southern Rhodesia to shorten its name to
2922:(renamed Zimbabwe in 1980) was a special case in the
1753:
The Parliamentary Recruiting Committee produced this
5729:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 146, note 22.
4985:
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles in India
3589:(3rd ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 777.
2970:, but Britain did not recognise this latter change.
2410:
has been used with other agencies, laws, and roles:
1420:, with its own responsible self-government, and the
1257:
Responsible government: precursor to Dominion status
996:, as equal realms of the crown of the Commonwealth.
5015:
4329:(1). American Society of International Law: 34β49.
4267:
3651:
3649:
3282:; Nigeria from 1960 until 1963, when it became the
961:With the transition of the British Empire into the
6048:
5674:
5552:
4723:
4601:
4547:. Pretoria: Government Printer. pp. 346β424.
4215:"The London Conference December 1866 β March 1867"
4170:
3889:
3773:
3582:
2313:as applied to the other autonomous regions of the
1623:For decades, the Dominions did not have their own
5869:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 66.
5777:Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard)
5606:
4832:"November 8, 1951 (21st Parliament, 5th Session)"
4173:Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names
3456:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 128.
2601:, and the first Parliament was introduced by the
1506:Canadian Confederation and evolution of the term
965:after World War II, it was decided that the term
8639:
5654:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 3β.
5366:
5364:
4932:(Fourth ed.), Routledge, pp. 279β281,
3850:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
3646:
2775:, under the authority of a British statute, the
2390:, as it has no acceptable equivalent in French.
1424:(which was not granted self-government prior to
6051:Britain and the Commonwealth Alliance 1918β1939
5459:
4925:
4164:
4162:
2655:, dominion status was transitory until its new
2619:, to the locally elected legislatures, via the
2597:acquired a partially representative government
2083:from 1975) became a federal republic after its
1877:", which continued until Newfoundland became a
1379:, having become a Dominion itself in 1907, was
6043:, Centre for Constitutional Studies: Edmonton.
5641:
5586:Robert D. King; Robin W. Kilson, eds. (1999).
5579:
5092:resolved to make the following address to the
4988:. Anchor Academic Publishing. pp. 39β40.
4466:"National Flag of Canada Day: How Did You Do?"
4377:
3164:; in the proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II's
2025:Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 1961
1948:, as a substitute for the title of "kingdom".
1383:in 1934, finally joining Canada in 1949 after
864:. Progressing from colonies, their degrees of
16:Self-governing countries of the British Empire
8036:
7520:
6193:
5361:
5265:
5263:
4460:
4458:
4217:. www.collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from
3136:in 1952, when she was proclaimed not just as
2678:
2520:; as of 2016 one of the country's major banks
2516:, its successor since a 1955 merger with the
1452:, but transferred limited self-government to
1047:, as an official title, was conferred on the
975:1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
829:
7955:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
7938:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
7816:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
5890:
5727:Nigeria Since Independence: Forever Fragile?
4926:Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004),
4159:
3659:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 December 2011.
2719:unusual role accorded to the British Monarch
2527:Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company
1944:was conferred as the country's title in the
1037:from 1535 to around 1800: for instance, the
5679:. In Juang, R. M.; Morrissette, N. (eds.).
4545:Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1961
4541:"Republic of South Africa Constitution Act"
4409:
4407:
4320:
3820:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 August 2020.
3776:The Creation of States in International Law
3684:
3682:
2438:(1872): federal lands act; repealed in 1930
2321:does not appear in the 1867 act nor in the
1816:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1699:
958:) also became dominions for short periods.
8043:
8029:
7527:
7513:
6200:
6186:
5954:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5260:
4650:Documenting a Democracy: Australia's Story
4455:
3626:Cyprus (Annexation) Order in Council, 1914
3445:
2351:, "One" and "Name" were also capitalised.
2209:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act
1557:". The new government of Canada under the
1484:Canada: "Rather large for him, is it not?"
836:
822:
5944:. Vol. 10. India. 1975. p. 181.
5544:
5494:
5176:"The Commission of Government, 1934-1949"
5146:"The Commission of Government, 1934-1949"
4797:
4763:The American Journal of International Law
4323:The American Journal of International Law
3710:
3641:, "Annexation of Cyprus by Great Britain"
3639:The American Journal of International Law
2079:The Union of India (with the addition of
1355:, and the three current territories, the
1251:
53:List of countries by system of government
6999:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
5915:
5838:
5788:
5749:
5672:
5526:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
4981:
4957:Constituent assembly debates & India
4420:The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
4413:
4404:
4371:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3847:
3780:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 243.
3771:
3679:
3487:
3016:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
3009:
2907:
2727:of 1936. Ultimately, however, Ireland's
2483:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
2256:
1748:
1745:First World War and Treaty of Versailles
1529:(subsequently becoming the provinces of
1462:
1106:
1003:
6046:
5998:
5619:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 53β.
5592:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 199β.
5370:
4288:
4168:
3935:
3933:
3743:"The Covenant of the League of Nations"
3580:
3483:
3481:
3451:
3368:. London. 31 October 1939. p. 7265
3347:
2386:laws also contributed to the disuse of
2171:
1852:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
1737:became a Dominion on the same day. The
8653:History of the Commonwealth of Nations
8640:
7984:Historical flags of the British Empire
7968:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
6132:
6085:
5864:
5814:Engel, Ulf; et al., eds. (2000).
5426:
5345:
4913:
4860:
4721:
4599:
4276:
3178:has come into common usage instead of
2146:of 1952 referred to "realms", and the
2136:
8024:
7859:
7771:
7508:
7017:
6689:
6364:
6257:
6181:
5980:from the original on 30 November 2021
5813:
5550:
5501:Arthur Berriedale Keith, ed. (1948).
4953:"The Commonwealth of India Bill 1925"
4803:
4760:
4688:
4246:
4233:
3994:New South Wales Constitution Act 1855
3876:
3747:The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
3559:from the original on 21 February 2009
3550:
3088:The Dominions Office merged with the
3006:From Dominions to Commonwealth realms
2765:Newfoundland Commission of Government
2589:
2270:Name of Canada Β§ Use of Dominion
2087:came into effect on 26 January 1950.
1660:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act
8611:
6157:
6135:"A Lament for British North America"
5724:
5393:
5244:. www.teara.govt.nz. 22 April 2009.
5186:from the original on 23 October 2022
5156:from the original on 23 October 2022
3930:
3824:from the original on 7 November 2020
3818:"Commonwealth association of states"
3688:
3663:from the original on 26 January 2021
3478:
2979:no independence before majority rule
2903:
2500:Dominion of Canada Rifle Association
2444:(1905β1970): weather observatory in
1908:
7795:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
6638:. British Cameroons is now part of
6120:from the original on 6 January 2018
5114:Anglo-Irish Treaty, sections 11, 12
4446:Ironically, defenders of the title
3096:upon the independence of India and
1978:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1963:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1940:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1777:
13:
6654:unilaterally declared independence
6349:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
6151:
5248:from the original on 28 April 2009
5079:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 1002
4551:from the original on 25 March 2023
3951:from the original on 14 April 2022
3918:from the original on 14 April 2022
3892:Fransman's British Nationality Law
3397:. Government of the united Kingdom
2975:unilaterally declared independence
2651:, resulting in two dominions. For
2490:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
2478:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
2471:Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
1884:
1616:Colonial Laws Validity Act of 1865
14:
8684:
7861:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
7840:Occupied by Argentina during the
7772:
7018:
5651:Commonwealth of Nations, Volume 2
5335:Wikisource: South Africa Act 1909
5222:from the original on 17 June 2022
5070:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 635
5052:from the original on 30 June 2012
4963:from the original on 19 July 2018
4842:from the original on 9 March 2021
4507:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 303
4498:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 302
3971:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
3753:from the original on 24 July 2011
3532:from the original on 13 July 2009
3500:from the original on 8 April 2022
3433:from the original on 16 July 2005
3342:Timeline of national independence
2817:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
2690:Irish Free State Constitution Act
2529:, founded in 1887; bought out by
2177:The Irish Free State was renamed
1602:British North America Act of 1867
1409:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
860:, once known collectively as the
8648:Governance of the British Empire
8620:
8592:
8580:
8568:
8556:
8544:
8532:
8520:
8508:
8496:
8484:
8472:
8460:
8448:
8004:
7995:
7994:
7407:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5325:The Stateman's Year Book p. 1156
5307:from the original on 18 May 2023
5277:from the original on 3 June 2010
5135:, 24 & 25 Geo. V (UK), c. 2.
5022:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 387β400.
3585:The Penguin History of the World
3421:"Balfour Declaration, Clause II"
2800:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2734:The Republic of Ireland Act 1948
2485:(1960βpresent); now part of the
2473:(1918βpresent); now part of the
2426:(1867β1920): merged to form the
2262:Dominion of Canada Postage Stamp
1814:in what had previously been the
1297:(which included modern southern
1285:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1221:United Nations Trust Territories
1008:Map of the British Empire under
805:
8051:Autonomous types of first-tier
6089:How Canadians Govern Themselves
5962:
5934:
5909:
5891:NgCheong-Lum, Roseline (2009).
5883:
5857:
5832:
5807:
5782:
5768:
5743:
5713:
5666:
5519:
5453:
5420:
5387:
5339:
5328:
5319:
5289:
5234:
5208:British North America Act, 1949
5198:
5168:
5138:
5126:
5082:
5073:
5036:
5009:
4975:
4945:
4919:
4877:
4854:
4824:
4754:
4715:
4682:
4660:
4638:
4593:
4563:
4533:
4524:
4510:
4501:
4492:
4357:
4314:
4282:
4255:from the original on 6 May 2009
4207:
4143:
4109:
4082:
4067:Constitution Act 185 (Tasmania)
4059:
4036:
4013:
3986:
3963:
3810:
3765:
3735:
3631:
3525:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3318:. The term was also applied to
2993:in 1979 under the terms of the
2849:
2802:on 23 March 1949, prior to the
2790:British North America Act, 1949
2746:
2057:ceased with the passage of the
2003:was restored after 16 years of
1794:, following the tenures of Sir
1560:British North America Act, 1867
1381:restored to direct British rule
1324:British North America Act, 1867
1162:British Commonwealth of Nations
1061:British North America Act, 1867
862:British Commonwealth of Nations
7903:Australian Antarctic Territory
6759:since 1965 (before as part of
6756:British Indian Ocean Territory
6642:, while Tanganyika is part of
6273:since 1960 (before as part of
6165:. Ottawa: the Mortimer Press.
5046:"Indian Independence Act 1947"
4982:Tripathi, Suresh Mani (2016).
4021:Victoria Constitution Act 1855
3998:National Archives of Australia
3619:
3574:
3544:
3512:
3413:
3383:
3354:
3332:Changes in British sovereignty
2838:Statute of Westminster in 1947
2809:
2703:Parliament of Northern Ireland
2288:ritish North America Act, 1867
1669:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946
1549:, verse eight, "He shall have
1080:for the first time. Two other
514:Intergovernmental organisation
469:Separation of church and state
1:
6003:. New York: Encounter Books.
5918:Heads of State and Government
5841:Heads of State and Government
5791:Heads of State and Government
5752:Heads of State and Government
3094:Commonwealth Relations Office
2544:after 1911, shut down in 1994
2462:Dominion Bureau of Statistics
2428:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1662:created a separate status of
1428:of the Australian Colonies).
1412:. The Act also separated the
1187:"His/Her Majesty's dominions"
1181:Commonwealth Relations Office
999:
6214:British Overseas Territories
6133:Martin, R. (November 1994).
5460:Gowlland-Debbas, V. (1990).
5447:10.1093/parlij/23.1969sep.72
5016:William Roger Louis (2006).
3258:, and Malawi. In fact, only
3126:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
3110:British Nationality Act 1948
2932:British South Africa Company
2724:Irish External Relations Act
2644:Indian Independence Act 1947
2622:Government of India Act 1935
2604:Government of India Act 1919
2366:ended the practice of using
2196:
2162:possible exception of Canada
2060:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
1903:
1675:British Nationality Act 1948
311:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
7930:British Antarctic Territory
7640:Western Pacific Territories
7534:
5865:Berewa, Solomon E. (2011).
5507:. Oxford University Press.
5357:. No. 28. p. 171.
3325:
3284:Federal Republic of Nigeria
3197:
3138:Queen of the United Kingdom
3020:William Lyon Mackenzie King
2798:), which was passed in the
2633:(including Muslim-majority
2464:(1918β1971): superseded by
2337:in later acts, such as the
2218:Balfour Declaration of 1926
2161:
2149:Royal Style and Titles Acts
1841:Balfour Declaration of 1926
1786:, set up in 1922 after the
1240:Statute of Westminster 1931
1200:His/Her Majesty's dominions
1157:Statute of Westminster 1931
934:Balfour Declaration of 1926
852:was any of several largely
379:(socio-economic ideologies)
49:List of forms of government
10:
8689:
7668:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
7085:British Arctic Territories
6365:
6258:
6025:Choudry, Sujit. 2001 (?).
5916:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5839:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5789:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5750:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
4810:. I.B.Tauris. p. 49.
4418:. In Hallowell, G. (ed.).
4044:Constitution Act 1855 (SA)
3488:Forsey, E. A.; Hayday, M.
3083:expected Japanese invasion
2960:Central African Federation
2874:(the last two were former
2836:. New Zealand adopted the
2679:Irish Free State / Ireland
2267:
1888:
1703:
1474:New Zealand Prime Minister
1260:
1217:League of Nations mandates
1130:The British government of
981:was intending to become a
18:
8378:
8322:
8241:
8166:
8143:
8135:List of federal countries
8060:
7979:
7948:
7908:Commonwealth of Australia
7866:
7855:
7826:
7778:
7767:
7733:
7540:
7504:
7310:Newfoundland and Labrador
7024:
7013:
6991:League of Nations mandate
6972:
6696:
6685:
6666:Lancaster House Agreement
6636:League of Nations mandate
6625:
6371:
6360:
6264:
6253:
6220:
5346:Roiron, Virginie (2013).
4730:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4728:. In Marsh, J. H. (ed.).
4530:The Statesman's Year Book
3996:, on the Web site of the
3862:10.1080/03086539908583064
3703:10.1017/S073824801300045X
3520:"Parliamentary questions"
3494:The Canadian Encyclopedia
2999:Lancaster House Agreement
2830:Commonwealth of Australia
2820:gave New Zealand its own
2695:United Kingdom Parliament
2570:
2538:Dominion Atlantic Railway
2487:National Research Council
2475:National Research Council
2327:, but does appear in the
2252:
2214:Constitution of Australia
2204:Commonwealth of Australia
2116:
2091:
2067:
2031:
2011:
1982:
1967:
1952:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1519:London Conference of 1866
1277:representative government
1154:With the adoption of the
500:(geo-cultural ideologies)
21:Dominion (disambiguation)
7438:Turks and Caicos Islands
6745:(protectorate) 1907β1949
6690:
6317:(integrated into the UK)
4836:Canadian Hansard Dataset
4600:Hunter, B., ed. (1996).
4414:Hodgetts, J. E. (2004).
3628:, dated 5 November 1914.
2997:; this lasted until the
2542:Canadian Pacific Railway
2450:Natural Resources Canada
2187:Names of the Irish state
1875:Commission of Government
1810:unable to countenance a
1706:1907 Imperial Conference
1700:1907 Imperial Conference
1680:Commonwealth citizenship
1651:, in the United States.
1496:Dominion of Newfoundland
1469:The New Zealand Observer
1124:1926 Imperial Conference
1074:1907 Imperial Conference
969:should formally replace
930:1926 Imperial Conference
866:colonial self-governance
8663:Legal history of Canada
7721:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
7546:18th and 19th centuries
7362:Queen Charlotte Islands
7322:North-Western Territory
7294:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
6897:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
6562:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
6245:Commonwealth of Nations
6047:Holland, R. F. (1981).
6036:Constitutional Keywords
6029:(based on looseleaf by
5999:Buckley, F. H. (2014).
5531:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
5470:2027/mdp.39015034328206
5439:Oxford University Press
5394:Wood, J. R. T. (2008).
5301:New Zealand Legislation
5297:"Constitution Act 1986"
5119:8 November 2017 at the
4861:Bowden, J.W.J. (2015).
4671:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4521:, 24 Geo. 5 (UK), c. 2.
4249:"Canadian Independence"
4155:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4131:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4091:"Documenting Democracy"
4076:3 December 2007 at the
4071:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4053:3 December 2007 at the
4048:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4030:3 December 2007 at the
4025:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4007:3 December 2007 at the
4002:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
3980:3 December 2007 at the
3975:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
3581:Roberts, J. M. (1995).
3553:"Canadian independence"
3452:Parsons, T. H. (2014).
3310:from 1961 to 1971; and
3115:British nationality law
3052:Arthur Berriedale Keith
2826:Dominion of New Zealand
2786:two referendums in 1948
2699:Commonwealth of Nations
2657:republican constitution
2617:Round Table Conferences
2317:after 1907. The phrase
1820:republican constitution
1731:Dominion of New Zealand
1492:Dominion of New Zealand
1341:North-Western Territory
1236:British nationality law
1100:annexing the island of
1082:self-governing colonies
1066:self-governing colonies
1053:Dominion of New England
963:Commonwealth of Nations
875:Commonwealth of Nations
763:Administrative division
707:International relations
8085:Corporative federalism
8080:Cooperative federalism
7471:West Indies Federation
6660:) and continued as an
6243:Current member of the
6086:Forsey, E. A. (2005).
5133:Newfoundland Act, 1933
4863:"'Dominion': A Lament"
4722:Forsey, E. A. (1999).
4518:Newfoundland Act, 1933
4247:Heard, Andrew (1990).
4136:31 August 2006 at the
3691:Law and History Review
3551:Heard, Andrew (1990).
3306:from 1965 until 1970;
3272:
3048:Statute of Westminster
3039:
2940:Statute of Westminster
2916:
2777:Newfoundland Act, 1933
2667:from Pakistan through
2400:Constitution Act, 1982
2349:Constitution Act, 1867
2340:Statute of Westminster
2330:Constitution Act, 1871
2324:Constitution Act, 1982
2281:Constitution Act, 1867
2265:
2223:Statute of Westminster
2144:accession proclamation
2055:link with the monarchy
1856:Statute of Westminster
1845:Statute of Westminster
1800:Walter Edward Davidson
1762:
1733:on 26 September 1907;
1693:
1672:, following which the
1621:
1596:
1579:
1570:responsible government
1487:
1329:Canadian Confederation
1309:followed in 1851, and
1273:responsible government
1263:Responsible government
1252:Historical development
1116:
1051:about 1660 and on the
1040:Laws in Wales Act 1535
1021:
1017:
939:Statute of Westminster
883:Commonwealth republics
8070:Asymmetric federalism
7393:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6664:state until the 1979
6270:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6055:. London: Macmillan.
6041:University of Alberta
5725:Hill, J.N.C. (2012).
5673:Jernigan, B. (2008).
5430:Parliamentary Affairs
5108:19 March 2009 at the
4867:The Dorchester Review
4804:Morra, Irene (2016).
4667:Constitution Act 1890
4304:Postmedia Network Inc
4151:Constitution Act 1890
3888:Fransman, L. (2011).
3772:Crawford, J. (1979).
3294:, from 1963 to 1964;
3228:
3192:Canadian constitution
3154:Queen of South Africa
3013:
2911:
2881:South Africa Act 1909
2856:Union of South Africa
2843:Constitution Act 1986
2834:Union of South Africa
2514:Toronto-Dominion Bank
2300:Canadian Encyclopedia
2260:
2228:adopted retroactively
1843:, and the subsequent
1798:in Canada and of Sir
1792:Timothy Michael Healy
1752:
1739:Union of South Africa
1727:Colony of New Zealand
1688:
1597:
1583:
1574:
1515:Samuel Leonard Tilley
1500:Union of South Africa
1466:
1436:In South Africa, the
1357:Northwest Territories
1293:soon followed by the
1267:Self-governing colony
1209:colonies of the Crown
1196:the crown's dominions
1110:
1094:Union of South Africa
1070:British North America
1007:
773:Democratic transition
636:Self-governing colony
233:Military dictatorship
8130:Symmetric federalism
7921:Realm of New Zealand
7919:(transferred to the
7906:(transferred to the
7739:Realm of New Zealand
7340:Prince Edward Island
7218:1671β1816, 1833β1960
6158:Reid, G. H. (1912).
5976:. 30 November 2020.
5537:16 July 2005 at the
4676:22 July 2008 at the
4169:Rayburn, A. (2001).
3490:"Dominion of Canada"
3348:Notes and references
3150:Queen of New Zealand
2442:Dominion Observatory
2305:Usage of the phrase
1868:1947 for New Zealand
1772:Treaty of Versailles
1767:Imperial War Cabinet
1757:poster. Designed by
1555:A Mari Usque Ad Mare
1481:The Surprise Packet:
1418:Colony of Queensland
1307:Prince Edward Island
1219:(which later became
988:After this the term
967:Commonwealth country
8599:Trinidad and Tobago
8370:Territorial dispute
8350:Military occupation
8264:Dependent territory
8226:Supranational union
8201:Multinational state
7952:Since 2009 part of
7844:of AprilβJune 1982.
7431:Trinidad and Tobago
7045:Antigua and Barbuda
6945:Straits Settlements
6145:on 17 October 2005.
6027:"Constitution Acts"
4221:on 22 November 2006
4125:1 June 2011 at the
3749:. 1924. Article 1.
3528:. 5 November 1934.
3290:from 1962 to 1963;
3236:Trinidad and Tobago
3056:Commonwealth realms
2995:Internal Settlement
2872:Orange River Colony
2665:gained independence
2359:Canadian parliament
2278:is employed in the
1858:in December 1931.
1635:and lost or stolen
1458:Orange River Colony
1275:(as distinct from "
887:Commonwealth realms
812:Politics portal
697:Supranational union
606:Dependent territory
519:National government
8428:Tribal sovereignty
8174:Composite monarchy
7104:Cape Breton Island
6995:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
6837:Unfederated States
6652:Southern Rhodesia
6239:Commonwealth realm
6139:The Machray Review
5942:Manorama Year Book
5180:www.heritage.nf.ca
5150:www.heritage.nf.ca
4929:A History of India
4689:Smith, D. (2005).
4444:on 17 March 2015.
3175:Commonwealth realm
3166:new titles in 1953
3146:Queen of Australia
3040:
2917:
2806:of 28 April 1949.
2804:London Declaration
2792:(now known as the
2769:British Government
2761:elected parliament
2590:India and Pakistan
2435:Dominion Lands Act
2382:in 1982. Official
2335:Dominion of Canada
2319:Dominion of Canada
2307:Dominion of Canada
2266:
2246:Australia Act 1986
1879:province of Canada
1864:1942 for Australia
1808:British government
1763:
1527:Province of Canada
1488:
1422:Northern Territory
1414:Colony of Victoria
1295:Province of Canada
1140:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1117:
1049:Colony of Virginia
1018:
894:British government
8436:
8435:
8231:Continental union
8125:Fiscal federalism
8095:Ethnic federalism
8018:
8017:
7975:
7974:
7851:
7850:
7783:Providence Island
7763:
7762:
7728:
7727:
7596:Western Australia
7564:Van Diemen's Land
7500:
7499:
7477:Associated States
7175:Columbia District
7009:
7008:
6863:Manila and Cavite
6681:
6680:
6560:Southern Rhodesia
6554:South-West Africa
6504:Northern Rhodesia
6416:Cape of Good Hope
6356:
6355:
6233:Current territory
6102:978-0-662-39689-5
6062:978-0-333-27295-4
6010:978-1-59403-719-1
5927:978-0-333-78615-4
5876:978-1-4678-8886-8
5850:978-0-333-78615-4
5800:978-0-333-78615-4
5761:978-0-333-78615-4
5736:978-1-349-33471-1
5690:978-1-85109-441-7
5626:978-0-85772-834-0
5599:978-0-7146-4378-6
5479:978-0-7923-0811-9
5405:978-1-42514-807-2
5271:"Dominion status"
4817:978-0-85772-867-8
4739:978-0-7710-2099-5
4700:978-1-876492-15-1
4615:978-0-333-65573-3
4429:978-0-19-541559-9
4389:978-0-684-31366-5
4184:978-0-8020-4725-0
4097:on 1 January 2009
3903:978-1-84592-095-1
3787:978-0-19-825347-1
3596:978-0-14-015495-5
3463:978-1-4422-3529-8
3395:National Archives
3280:Republic of Ghana
3207:High Commissioner
3071:Winston Churchill
3028:Winston Churchill
3018:. Left to right:
2991:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
2952:Northern Rhodesia
2920:Southern Rhodesia
2913:Southern Rhodesia
2904:Southern Rhodesia
2894:House of Assembly
2832:and South Africa
2661:1956 constitution
2466:Statistics Canada
2364:Louis St. Laurent
2298:According to the
2132:
2131:
1946:1867 constitution
1909:List of Dominions
1829:abolished in 1949
1804:William Allardyce
1456:in 1906, and the
1444:.) Following the
1430:Western Australia
1400:Western Australia
1166:League of Nations
1145:League of Nations
856:countries of the
846:
845:
797:
796:
768:Democracy indices
743:
742:
546:
545:
355:Semi-presidential
280:
279:
8680:
8658:Irish Free State
8633:
8625:
8624:
8623:
8613:
8597:
8596:
8595:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8536:
8525:
8524:
8523:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8501:
8500:
8499:
8489:
8488:
8487:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8465:
8464:
8463:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8444:
8413:Stateless nation
8398:Decentralization
8249:Associated state
8110:Federal republic
8105:Federal monarchy
8045:
8038:
8031:
8022:
8021:
8008:
7998:
7997:
7963:Antarctic Treaty
7924:
7911:
7896:Falkland Islands
7888:Tristan da Cunha
7880:Ascension Island
7857:
7856:
7808:Falkland Islands
7769:
7768:
7737:Now part of the
7609:Pitcairn Islands
7574:Auckland Islands
7543:
7542:
7529:
7522:
7515:
7506:
7505:
7491:Windward Islands
7445:Vancouver Island
7222:MassachusettsBay
7091:British Columbia
7015:
7014:
6831:Federated States
6687:
6686:
6597:Tristan da Cunha
6566:Southern Nigeria
6498:Northern Nigeria
6377:Ascension Island
6362:
6361:
6318:
6255:
6254:
6229:Former territory
6226:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6146:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6119:
6094:
6082:
6054:
6022:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5953:
5945:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5902:978-07614-5668-1
5887:
5881:
5880:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5786:
5780:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5678:
5676:"British Empire"
5670:
5664:
5663:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5558:
5548:
5542:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5352:
5343:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5267:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5214:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5124:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4727:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4686:
4680:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4656:on 22 July 2008.
4642:
4636:
4635:
4607:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4577:. Archived from
4575:Republic of Rumi
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4440:. Archived from
4411:
4402:
4401:
4375:
4369:
4368:, UKPC 25 (PC).
4361:
4355:
4354:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4306:. Archived from
4286:
4280:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4244:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4176:
4166:
4157:
4147:
4141:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4093:. Archived from
4086:
4080:
4063:
4057:
4040:
4034:
4017:
4011:
3990:
3984:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3895:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3845:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3779:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3714:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3644:
3637:Order quoted in
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3588:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3358:
3063:Second World War
3026:(South Africa);
2888:consisting of a
2878:republics). The
2795:Newfoundland Act
2781:Dominions Office
2757:Great Depression
2740:Ireland Act 1949
2710:new constitution
2685:Irish Free State
2663:. East Pakistan
2609:Simon Commission
2562:Historica Canada
2294:
2284:(originally the
2190:
2175:
2169:
2140:
2044:
2037:
2033:Irish Free State
1913:
1912:
1784:Irish Free State
1778:Irish Free State
1649:Washington, D.C.
1588:Governor General
1373:British Columbia
1245:Ireland Act 1949
1173:Second World War
1136:Irish Free State
1098:Order in Council
1064:, the partially
926:Irish Free State
879:Old Commonwealth
873:into the modern
871:Second World War
838:
831:
824:
810:
809:
757:
756:
601:Associated state
559:
558:
534:Internationalism
524:World government
501:
380:
312:
293:
292:
267:Free association
254:
215:
134:
77:
65:
64:
28:
27:
8688:
8687:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8626:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8612:sister projects
8609:at Knowledge's
8603:
8593:
8591:
8581:
8579:
8569:
8567:
8557:
8555:
8545:
8543:
8531:
8521:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8497:
8495:
8485:
8483:
8473:
8471:
8461:
8459:
8449:
8447:
8439:
8437:
8432:
8391:Autonomous area
8374:
8318:
8309:Tributary state
8299:Satellite state
8237:
8211:Political union
8194:Colonial empire
8162:
8139:
8115:Federated state
8090:Dual federalism
8056:
8049:
8019:
8014:
7971:
7944:
7918:
7916:Ross Dependency
7905:
7862:
7847:
7822:
7774:
7759:
7729:
7724:
7680:
7675:Solomon Islands
7622:North Australia
7602:South Australia
7558:New South Wales
7536:
7533:
7496:
7216:Leeward Islands
7020:
7005:
6968:
6875:Muscat and Oman
6692:
6677:
6621:
6367:
6352:
6316:
6260:
6249:
6224:
6216:
6206:
6154:
6152:Further reading
6149:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6103:
6092:
6063:
6011:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5947:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5914:
5910:
5903:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5862:
5858:
5851:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5787:
5783:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5691:
5671:
5667:
5646:
5642:
5627:
5611:
5607:
5600:
5584:
5580:
5549:
5545:
5539:Wayback Machine
5524:
5520:
5499:
5495:
5480:
5458:
5454:
5425:
5421:
5406:
5392:
5388:
5369:
5362:
5350:
5344:
5340:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5131:
5127:
5121:Wayback Machine
5110:Wayback Machine
5087:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4924:
4920:
4912:
4908:
4894:
4892:
4891:on 11 July 2006
4883:
4882:
4878:
4859:
4855:
4845:
4843:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4802:
4798:
4775:10.2307/2192530
4759:
4755:
4740:
4720:
4716:
4701:
4687:
4683:
4678:Wayback Machine
4665:
4661:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4616:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4581:on 14 June 2013
4569:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4475:
4473:
4472:on 13 July 2007
4464:
4463:
4456:
4430:
4412:
4405:
4390:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4358:
4335:10.2307/2192530
4319:
4315:
4310:on 15 May 2014.
4292:(15 May 2014).
4287:
4283:
4275:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4245:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4185:
4167:
4160:
4148:
4144:
4138:Wayback Machine
4127:Wayback Machine
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4078:Wayback Machine
4064:
4060:
4055:Wayback Machine
4041:
4037:
4032:Wayback Machine
4018:
4014:
4009:Wayback Machine
3991:
3987:
3982:Wayback Machine
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3947:. 22 May 2023.
3939:
3938:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3904:
3886:
3877:
3846:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3788:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3697:(4): 749β791 .
3687:
3680:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3597:
3579:
3575:
3562:
3560:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3479:
3464:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3400:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3328:
3215:
3142:Queen of Canada
3034:(New Zealand);
3008:
2948:Colonial Office
2944:Dominion Office
2906:
2884:provided for a
2852:
2812:
2753:First World War
2749:
2714:successor state
2681:
2611:1927β1930, and
2592:
2573:
2548:Dominion Stores
2518:Bank of Toronto
2424:Dominion Police
2395:Parliament Hill
2292:
2272:
2255:
2238:to appoint Sir
2199:
2194:
2193:
2176:
2172:
2141:
2137:
2042:
2038:
2035:
1911:
1906:
1898:White Dominions
1893:
1887:
1885:White Dominions
1837:
1796:Gordon Drummond
1788:Anglo-Irish War
1780:
1755:First World War
1747:
1716:First World War
1712:Second Boer War
1708:
1702:
1656:British subject
1607:British Monarch
1592:British Monarch
1521:discussing the
1511:
1485:
1483:
1446:Second Boer War
1442:Colony of Natal
1404:South Australia
1392:New South Wales
1367:. In 1871, the
1269:
1261:Main articles:
1259:
1254:
1189:
1120:Dominion status
1002:
902:Colonial Office
898:Dominion Office
842:
804:
799:
798:
785:Democratisation
778:Autocratization
754:
746:
745:
744:
701:
662:
641:Tributary state
631:Satellite state
586:
556:
555:Power structure
548:
547:
499:
498:
480:
451:
437:
428:Totalitarianism
378:
377:
359:
310:
309:
290:
282:
281:
276:
252:
244:
209:
201:
132:
124:
71:
62:
61:Source of power
39:Basic forms of
33:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8686:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8635:
8634:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8589:
8577:
8565:
8553:
8541:
8529:
8517:
8505:
8493:
8481:
8479:United Kingdom
8469:
8467:British Empire
8457:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8206:Personal union
8203:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8186:
8184:Dynastic union
8181:
8176:
8170:
8168:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8158:Regional state
8155:
8149:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8066:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8055:administration
8048:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8025:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8002:
7992:
7986:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7959:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7934:
7926:
7913:
7900:
7892:
7884:
7876:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7838:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7812:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7789:Willoughbyland
7786:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7747:
7741:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7690:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7671:
7665:
7659:
7649:
7643:
7637:
7631:
7625:
7619:
7613:
7605:
7599:
7589:
7583:
7577:
7571:
7561:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7509:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7488:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7468:
7462:
7456:
7452:Virgin Islands
7448:
7442:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7419:South Carolina
7416:
7410:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7371:
7365:
7355:
7349:
7343:
7337:
7331:
7325:
7319:
7316:North Carolina
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7289:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7265:
7259:
7253:
7250:Mosquito Coast
7247:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7219:
7213:
7206:
7200:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7179:Oregon Country
7172:
7168:Cayman Islands
7164:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7126:
7119:
7113:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7088:
7082:
7074:
7067:
7061:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6997:
6988:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6960:
6957:Trucial States
6954:
6948:
6942:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6916:
6910:
6904:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6878:
6872:
6866:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6846:
6840:
6834:
6822:
6816:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6734:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6704:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6669:
6650:Self-governing
6647:
6633:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6613:
6607:
6601:
6593:
6587:
6581:
6575:
6569:
6563:
6557:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6533:
6527:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6477:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6453:
6443:
6437:
6431:
6425:
6422:Central Africa
6419:
6413:
6407:
6401:
6391:
6381:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6336:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6310:
6307:Ionian Islands
6304:
6298:
6290:
6284:
6278:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6230:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6210:British Empire
6205:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6130:
6101:
6083:
6061:
6044:
6031:Hogg, Peter W.
6023:
6009:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5961:
5933:
5926:
5908:
5901:
5882:
5875:
5856:
5849:
5831:
5824:
5806:
5799:
5781:
5767:
5760:
5742:
5735:
5712:
5689:
5665:
5640:
5625:
5605:
5598:
5578:
5543:
5518:
5493:
5478:
5452:
5419:
5404:
5386:
5360:
5338:
5327:
5318:
5288:
5259:
5233:
5197:
5167:
5137:
5125:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5035:
5028:
5008:
4994:
4974:
4944:
4938:
4918:
4906:
4902:Confederation.
4876:
4853:
4823:
4816:
4796:
4753:
4738:
4714:
4699:
4681:
4659:
4637:
4614:
4592:
4562:
4532:
4523:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4454:
4428:
4403:
4388:
4370:
4356:
4313:
4281:
4266:
4232:
4206:
4183:
4158:
4142:
4108:
4081:
4058:
4035:
4012:
3985:
3962:
3929:
3902:
3875:
3856:(2): 193β212.
3835:
3809:
3786:
3764:
3734:
3678:
3645:
3630:
3618:
3595:
3573:
3543:
3511:
3477:
3462:
3444:
3412:
3382:
3366:London Gazette
3352:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3316:State of Malta
3214:
3211:
3007:
3004:
2924:British Empire
2905:
2902:
2851:
2848:
2811:
2808:
2748:
2745:
2680:
2677:
2669:Liberation War
2627:Cripps Mission
2591:
2588:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2554:stores in 2008
2545:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2509:, opened 1871
2503:
2493:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2439:
2431:
2421:
2315:British Empire
2254:
2251:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2170:
2166:Name of Canada
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1994:The colony of
1992:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1886:
1883:
1836:
1833:
1779:
1776:
1746:
1743:
1704:Main article:
1701:
1698:
1664:Irish national
1658:. In 1935 the
1510:
1504:
1450:Boer Republics
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1188:
1185:
1171:Following the
1151:and a state".
1010:Queen Victoria
1001:
998:
858:British Empire
854:self-governing
844:
843:
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
815:
814:
801:
800:
795:
794:
793:
792:
790:Hybrid regimes
787:
782:
781:
780:
770:
765:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:Regional power
718:
710:
709:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
671:
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Puppet monarch
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
595:
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
566:
565:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
477:
476:
471:
461:
459:State religion
453:
452:
450:
449:
446:
442:
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
382:
381:
376:
375:
370:
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
330:Constitutional
327:
322:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
296:
291:
289:Power ideology
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
256:
255:
253:(rule by none)
246:
245:
243:
242:
237:
236:
235:
225:
217:
216:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
136:
135:
126:
125:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
105:Representative
102:
97:
92:
87:
79:
78:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
44:
43:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8685:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8632:from Wikidata
8631:
8630:
8618:
8617:
8614:
8608:
8600:
8590:
8588:
8578:
8576:
8566:
8564:
8554:
8552:
8542:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8528:
8518:
8516:
8506:
8504:
8494:
8492:
8482:
8480:
8470:
8468:
8458:
8456:
8446:
8445:
8442:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8392:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8279:Indirect rule
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8195:
8192:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8179:Dual monarchy
8177:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8165:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8146:
8145:Unitary state
8142:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8075:Confederation
8073:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8059:
8054:
8046:
8041:
8039:
8034:
8032:
8027:
8026:
8023:
8011:
8007:
8003:
8001:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7967:
7964:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7858:
7854:
7843:
7842:Falklands War
7839:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7818:
7817:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7773:South America
7770:
7766:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7735:
7732:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7662:Union Islands
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7530:
7525:
7523:
7518:
7516:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7503:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7374:Rupert's Land
7372:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7359:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7334:Paulet affair
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7280:New Hampshire
7278:
7275:
7272:
7269:
7268:New Brunswick
7266:
7263:
7260:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7019:North America
7016:
7012:
7002:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6939:South Vietnam
6937:
6934:
6931:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
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5273:. NZHistory.
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4299:National Post
4295:
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4290:Buckley, F.H.
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3297:
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3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
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3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:Kwame Nkrumah
3210:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3188:head of state
3185:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:sterling area
2980:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2910:
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2899:
2895:
2891:
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2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2847:
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2839:
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2823:
2819:
2818:
2807:
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2801:
2797:
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2782:
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2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2639:East Pakistan
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2595:British India
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:Dominion Bank
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:James Scullin
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:East Pakistan
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1914:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1759:Arthur Wardle
1756:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:Eugene Forsey
1562:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:New Brunswick
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:confederation
1520:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:(1907) shows
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:Rupert's Land
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:New Brunswick
1308:
1304:
1301:and southern
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1227:, not merely
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:protectorates
1210:
1207:and were not
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:in 1910. The
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1006:
997:
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:In 1925, the
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
817:
816:
813:
808:
803:
802:
791:
788:
786:
783:
779:
776:
775:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
750:
749:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
711:
708:
705:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:Confederation
675:
674:
673:
672:
669:
666:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
596:
593:
590:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:Unitary state
570:
569:
568:
567:
564:
561:
560:
552:
551:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
484:
483:
475:
474:State atheism
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:Secular state
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:
447:
444:
443:
441:
440:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
383:
374:
371:
369:
368:Authoritarian
366:
365:
363:
362:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:Parliamentary
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
316:
315:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
295:
294:
286:
285:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
251:
248:
247:
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
219:
218:
213:
208:
205:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:
133:(rule by few)
131:
128:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:
75:
70:
67:
66:
58:
57:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
8673:Client state
8627:
8606:
8575:South Africa
8418:Subsidiarity
8314:Vassal state
8294:Puppet state
8289:Protectorate
8273:
8254:Client state
7953:
7936:
7928:
7894:
7886:
7878:
7872:Saint Helena
7870:
7814:
7806:
7656:Cook Islands
7607:
7580:New Hebrides
7549:20th century
7465:West Florida
7450:
7436:
7368:Rhode Island
7346:Pennsylvania
7304:Newfoundland
7241:
7166:
7116:East Florida
7087:16th c.β1880
7076:
7028:
6925:Crown Colony
6913:Pulo Condore
6887:Crown Colony
6881:North Borneo
6754:
6713:Protectorate
6662:unrecognised
6656:in 1965 (as
6595:
6548:South Africa
6536:Sierra Leone
6523:Saint Helena
6521:
6516:Orange River
6394:Bechuanaland
6375:
6333:Protectorate
6292:
6268:
6232:
6212:and Current
6160:
6143:the original
6138:
6122:. Retrieved
6088:
6050:
6034:
6000:
5982:. Retrieved
5973:
5964:
5941:
5936:
5917:
5911:
5892:
5885:
5866:
5859:
5840:
5834:
5815:
5809:
5790:
5784:
5776:
5770:
5751:
5745:
5726:
5715:
5680:
5668:
5650:
5643:
5615:
5608:
5588:
5581:
5554:
5546:
5530:
5525:
5521:
5503:
5496:
5461:
5455:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5395:
5389:
5372:
5354:
5341:
5330:
5321:
5309:. Retrieved
5300:
5291:
5279:. Retrieved
5250:. Retrieved
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5207:
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5179:
5170:
5158:. Retrieved
5149:
5140:
5132:
5128:
5097:
5084:
5075:
5066:
5054:. Retrieved
5038:
5018:
5011:
4999:. Retrieved
4984:
4977:
4965:. Retrieved
4956:
4947:
4928:
4921:
4909:
4900:
4893:. Retrieved
4889:the original
4879:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4844:. Retrieved
4835:
4826:
4806:
4799:
4769:(1): 34β49.
4766:
4762:
4756:
4729:
4717:
4690:
4684:
4666:
4662:
4654:the original
4649:
4640:
4603:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4579:the original
4574:
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4544:
4535:
4526:
4517:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4481:
4474:. Retrieved
4470:the original
4447:
4445:
4442:the original
4419:
4379:
4373:
4364:
4359:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4308:the original
4297:
4284:
4279:, p. 3.
4257:. Retrieved
4223:. Retrieved
4219:the original
4209:
4172:
4150:
4149:Link to the
4145:
4118:
4111:
4099:. Retrieved
4095:the original
4084:
4066:
4065:Link to the
4061:
4043:
4042:Link to the
4038:
4020:
4019:Link to the
4015:
3993:
3992:Link to the
3988:
3970:
3969:Link to the
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3944:
3920:. Retrieved
3891:
3853:
3849:
3826:. Retrieved
3812:
3775:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3746:
3737:
3694:
3690:
3672:
3665:. Retrieved
3638:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3561:. Retrieved
3546:
3534:. Retrieved
3523:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3493:
3453:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3415:
3406:
3399:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3377:
3370:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3337:Colonisation
3308:Sierra Leone
3273:
3264:Sierra Leone
3229:
3216:
3204:
3195:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3134:Elizabeth II
3131:
3125:
3119:
3109:
3106:
3090:India Office
3087:
3079:7th Division
3060:
3044:armed forces
3041:
3032:Peter Fraser
2972:
2937:
2918:
2898:South Africa
2880:
2853:
2850:South Africa
2842:
2816:
2813:
2793:
2789:
2776:
2750:
2747:Newfoundland
2739:
2733:
2723:
2707:
2689:
2682:
2647:and ensuing
2643:
2621:
2613:Nehru Report
2603:
2593:
2574:
2494:
2433:
2415:Dominion Day
2407:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2384:bilingualism
2376:Dominion Day
2371:
2367:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2244:
2240:Isaac Isaacs
2221:
2207:
2200:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2099:, but excl.
2085:constitution
2059:
2024:
2013:South Africa
2007:by Britain.
1996:Newfoundland
1984:Newfoundland
1941:
1897:
1894:
1872:
1860:
1849:
1838:
1781:
1764:
1735:Newfoundland
1724:
1720:
1709:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1622:
1598:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1559:
1550:
1512:
1507:
1489:
1480:
1467:
1435:
1407:
1389:
1377:Newfoundland
1369:Crown Colony
1349:Saskatchewan
1332:
1323:
1315:Newfoundland
1289:
1281:legislatures
1270:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1156:
1153:
1132:Lloyd George
1129:
1119:
1118:
1090:Newfoundland
1077:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1019:
993:
989:
987:
970:
966:
960:
938:
932:through the
922:South Africa
918:Newfoundland
896:created the
891:
878:
861:
849:
847:
726:Middle power
653:Vassal state
647:Buffer state
645:
621:Puppet state
616:Protectorate
610:
592:Client state
582:Principality
408:Distributism
350:Presidential
228:Dictatorship
152:Gerontocracy
74:rule by many
47:
31:Part of the
25:
8587:New Zealand
8345:Irredentism
8323:Development
8304:Trusteeship
8269:Direct rule
8242:Subordinacy
8053:subdivision
7989:Anglosphere
7707:New Zealand
7616:New Zealand
7485:West Jersey
7400:Saint Lucia
7386:Saint Kitts
7380:Saint Croix
7360:1763β1791*
7328:Nova Scotia
7274:New England
7230:, 1691β1776
7197:East Jersey
7185:Connecticut
7064:Bay Islands
6951:Transjordan
6869:Mesopotamia
6707:Afghanistan
6701:Aden Colony
6486:Niger Coast
6452:) 1874β1957
6428:East Africa
6410:Cape Colony
6400:) 1884β1966
6390:) 1868β1966
5437:(1969sep).
4914:Forsey 2005
4873:(2): 58β64.
4277:Forsey 2005
3828:13 February
3667:13 February
3563:12 February
3140:, but also
3067:John Curtin
3038:(Australia)
3036:John Curtin
2928:territories
2860:Cape Colony
2810:New Zealand
2675:, in 1971.
2635:East Bengal
2456:Peace Tower
2355:Frank Scott
2345:capitalised
2164:; see also
2043:(1937β1949)
2036:(1922β1937)
2005:direct rule
2001:legislature
1969:New Zealand
1539:Nova Scotia
1477:Joseph Ward
1438:Cape Colony
1385:referendums
1291:Nova Scotia
1225:sovereignty
1194:The phrase
1086:New Zealand
914:New Zealand
731:Great power
716:Small power
658:Viceroyalty
529:Nationalism
393:Colonialism
373:Libertarian
335:Directorial
212:rule by one
192:Technocracy
187:Stratocracy
167:Meritocracy
157:Kleptocracy
147:Aristocracy
8642:Categories
8423:Suzerainty
8365:Separatism
8340:Detachment
8330:Annexation
8221:Superstate
8216:Real union
8153:Devolution
8120:Federation
8062:Federalism
7941:since 1908
7933:since 1908
7899:since 1833
7891:since 1816
7883:since 1815
7875:since 1658
7832:department
7819:since 1908
7811:since 1833
7612:since 1838
7592:Swan River
7586:Queensland
7473:1958β1962
7455:since 1666
7441:since 1799
7292:New Jersey
7262:New Albion
7246:since 1632
7243:Montserrat
7224:1629β1691
7171:since 1670
7093:1858β1866
7081:since 1619
7033:since 1650
6986:Bangladesh
6921:1841β1946
6883:1882β1963
6849:Federation
6827:1819β1826
6765:Seychelles
6709:1839β1842
6600:since 1816
6584:Tanganyika
6542:Somaliland
6530:Seychelles
6526:since 1658
6446:Gold Coast
6440:The Gambia
6384:Basutoland
6380:since 1815
6322:Free State
6315:1542β1800
6301:Heligoland
6297:since 1713
5635:1058198728
5513:1006211868
5226:14 October
5190:23 October
5160:23 October
5090:Parliament
4895:7 February
4725:"Dominion"
4571:"Archives"
4476:7 February
4416:"Dominion"
4259:5 February
4101:1 February
3712:10197/7515
3657:"Dominion"
3296:Tanganyika
3276:Gold Coast
3248:Tanganyika
3022:(Canada);
2987:referendum
2946:, not the
2886:Parliament
2870:, and the
2822:Parliament
2729:Oireachtas
2721:under the
2673:Bangladesh
2458:since 1916
2419:Canada Day
2380:Canada Day
2268:See also:
2160:(with the
1889:See also:
1629:consulates
1547:72nd Psalm
1426:federation
1327:(see also
1319:federation
1229:suzerainty
1058:Under the
1000:Definition
924:, and the
736:Superpower
692:Superstate
687:Federation
682:Devolution
668:Federalism
509:City-state
182:Plutocracy
177:Particracy
41:government
8563:Sri Lanka
8455:Australia
8408:Home rule
8360:Secession
8355:Partition
7925:1841β1947
7912:1841β1933
7803:1831β1966
7797:1670β1688
7791:1651β1667
7785:1631β1641
7715:1914β1962
7709:1907β1947
7702:1901β1942
7700:Australia
7695:1900β1974
7689:1900β1970
7677:1893β1978
7670:1892β1979
7664:1889β1948
7658:1888β1901
7652:Rarotonga
7648:1884β1902
7642:1877β1976
7636:1874β1970
7630:1851β1901
7624:1846β1847
7618:1841β1907
7604:1836β1901
7598:1829β1901
7588:1824β1901
7582:1824β1980
7576:1807β1863
7570:1803β1901
7560:1788β1901
7493:1833β1960
7487:1674β1702
7479:1967β1983
7467:1763β1783
7461:1607β1776
7447:1849β1866
7433:1889β1962
7427:1862β1863
7421:1712β1776
7415:1635β1644
7409:1627β1979
7402:1605β1979
7395:1882β1983
7388:1623β1983
7382:1625β1650
7376:1670β1870
7370:1636β1776
7364:1853β1863
7354:1620β1691
7348:1681β1776
7342:1763β1873
7330:1713β1867
7324:1859β1870
7318:1712β1776
7312:1583β1907
7306:1907β1949
7300:1664β1776
7288:1637β1662
7286:New Haven
7282:1680β1776
7276:1686β1689
7270:1784β1867
7258:1628β1983
7252:1655β1860
7238:1632β1776
7212:1655β1962
7205:1733β1776
7199:1674β1702
7193:1701β1776
7187:1636β1776
7181:1818β1846
7163:1663β1712
7155:1867β1931
7149:1841β1867
7143:1791β1841
7137:1791β1841
7125:1762β1974
7118:1763β1783
7112:1763β1978
7106:1754β1820
7097:1866β1871
7073:1871β1981
7066:1643β1860
7060:1624β1966
7054:1670β1973
7047:1860β1981
7040:1632β1860
6965:1898β1930
6959:1892β1971
6953:1921β1946
6947:1826β1946
6941:1945β1946
6935:1946β1963
6933:Singapore
6927:1946β1963
6915:1702β1705
6909:1786β1946
6903:1923β1948
6901:Palestine
6889:1946β1963
6877:1891β1971
6871:1920β1932
6865:1762β1764
6859:1796β1965
6851:1948β1957
6845:1946β1948
6839:1885β1946
6833:1895β1946
6821:1848β1946
6815:1918β1961
6809:1811β1816
6803:1858β1947
6797:1841β1997
6795:Hong Kong
6791:1878β1960
6785:1795β1948
6779:1888β1984
6773:1824β1948
6761:Mauritius
6751:1874β1963
6739:1757β1947
6733:1812β1824
6723:1685β1824
6721:Bencoolen
6715:1879β1919
6703:1839β1967
6618:1887β1897
6612:1890β1963
6606:1890β1962
6592:1900β1910
6590:Transvaal
6586:1922β1961
6580:1899β1956
6574:1893β1968
6572:Swaziland
6568:1900β1914
6556:1915β1931
6550:1910β1931
6544:1884β1960
6538:1792β1961
6532:1903β1976
6518:1900β1910
6512:1891β1964
6510:Nyasaland
6506:1924β1964
6500:1900β1914
6494:1914β1960
6488:1884β1900
6482:1856β1910
6476:1810β1968
6474:Mauritius
6470:1807β1808
6464:1862β1906
6458:1920β1963
6442:1816β1965
6436:1882β1922
6430:1895β1920
6424:1891β1907
6418:1806β1910
6412:1795β1803
6406:1919β1961
6404:Cameroons
6341:1813β1964
6335:1800β1813
6324:1921β1931
6309:1809β1864
6303:1807β1890
6294:Gibraltar
6289:1878β1960
6283:1794β1796
6237:*Current
6079:10495276M
6019:855580605
5950:cite book
5707:11949316M
5699:168716701
5441:: 72β80.
5414:234239848
5096:so as to
4791:147122057
4632:32144166M
4351:147122057
3912:731354182
3870:0308-6534
3729:145071117
3721:0738-2480
3613:18674652M
3472:870098208
3401:29 August
3372:29 August
3312:Mauritius
3268:Mauritius
3107:When the
3104:in 1948.
3024:Jan Smuts
2973:Rhodesia
2956:Nyasaland
2868:Transvaal
2649:partition
2584:Sri Lanka
2531:Travelers
2406:The word
2274:The term
2197:Australia
1954:Australia
1904:Dominions
1881:in 1949.
1641:Australia
1637:passports
1625:embassies
1502:in 1910.
1460:in 1907.
1454:Transvaal
1183:in 1947.
1078:Dominions
1055:in 1686.
1020:The term
1014:the Crown
956:Sri Lanka
910:Australia
900:from the
563:Unitarism
539:Globalism
445:Religious
433:Tribalism
423:Socialism
418:Feudalism
403:Despotism
398:Communism
388:Anarchism
325:Communist
272:Stateless
262:Anarchism
223:Despotism
207:Autocracy
197:Theocracy
162:Kritarchy
130:Oligarchy
115:Socialist
69:Democracy
8668:Monarchy
8607:Dominion
8551:Pakistan
8539:Monarchy
8403:Hegemony
8386:Autonomy
8379:See also
8274:Dominion
8100:Federacy
8000:Category
7836:Colombia
7751:Kiribati
7628:Victoria
7568:Tasmania
7459:Virginia
7425:Stickeen
7413:Saybrook
7352:Plymouth
7298:New York
7236:Maryland
7228:Province
7191:Delaware
7161:Carolina
7153:Dominion
7147:Province
7110:Dominica
7058:Barbados
7030:Anguilla
7001:disputed
6982:Pakistan
6857:Maldives
6731:Billiton
6658:Rhodesia
6644:Tanzania
6640:Cameroon
6616:Zululand
6610:Zanzibar
6398:Botswana
6171:7118827M
6115:Archived
6111:61498226
5978:Archived
5974:BBC News
5573:5575065M
5535:Archived
5488:21600467
5305:Archived
5275:Archived
5246:Archived
5217:Archived
5184:Archived
5154:Archived
5117:Archived
5106:Archived
5050:Archived
4961:Archived
4840:Archived
4748:44803114
4709:64449961
4674:Archived
4624:60311041
4549:Archived
4485:Psalm 72
4448:dominion
4438:54971866
4398:68221208
4253:Archived
4201:3966721M
4193:44943692
4134:Archived
4123:Archived
4074:Archived
4051:Archived
4028:Archived
4005:Archived
3978:Archived
3955:14 April
3949:Archived
3922:14 April
3916:Archived
3822:Archived
3804:4739437M
3757:20 April
3751:Archived
3661:Archived
3605:33134439
3557:Archived
3530:Archived
3498:Archived
3428:Archived
3326:See also
3300:Tanzania
3180:Dominion
3158:Dominion
3098:Pakistan
2968:Rhodesia
2935:salary.
2637:forming
2631:Pakistan
2580:Dominion
2408:Dominion
2388:Dominion
2372:Dominion
2368:Dominion
2311:Dominion
2276:Dominion
2236:George V
2154:dominion
2093:Pakistan
1942:Dominion
1916:Country
1812:republic
1802:and Sir
1678:created
1612:disallow
1551:dominion
1508:Dominion
1494:and the
1396:Tasmania
1345:Manitoba
1339:and the
1177:Dominion
1113:George V
1045:Dominion
1031:dominion
1023:dominion
990:dominion
983:republic
971:dominion
948:Pakistan
850:dominion
611:Dominion
340:Legalist
320:Absolute
305:Republic
300:Monarchy
172:Noocracy
142:Anocracy
95:Economic
85:Demarchy
8527:Ireland
8503:History
8441:Portals
8335:Cession
8284:Mandate
7991:culture
7745:Vanuatu
7535:Oceania
7210:Jamaica
7203:Georgia
7123:Grenada
7078:Bermuda
7052:Bahamas
7038:Antigua
6919:Sarawak
6631:Namibia
6492:Nigeria
6468:Madeira
6388:Lesotho
6347:Minorca
6313:Ireland
6281:Corsica
6208:Former
6071:7677808
5381:4282978
5355:Cercles
5281:11 June
5252:11 June
5098:opt out
5056:17 July
4846:9 April
4783:2192530
4585:12 July
4343:2192530
4225:11 June
3796:4593287
3536:11 June
3437:25 June
3244:Nigeria
3200:section
3184:monarch
3170:royaume
3121:Ireland
3092:as the
2958:in the
2930:of the
2731:passed
2693:of the
2599:in 1909
2564:in 2013
2533:in 2013
2206:by the
2095:(incl.
1925:Status
1531:Ontario
1525:of the
1517:at the
1365:Nunavut
1353:Alberta
1299:Ontario
1205:annexed
1138:in the
1029:Use of
928:at the
753:Related
448:Secular
413:Fascism
250:Anarchy
240:Tyranny
100:Liberal
8491:Canada
8259:Colony
8189:Empire
8167:Unions
8010:Portal
7830:Now a
7801:Guiana
7755:Tuvalu
7358:Quebec
7130:Canada
7071:Belize
6963:Weihai
6907:Penang
6895:Padang
6825:Malaya
6819:Labuan
6813:Kuwait
6789:Cyprus
6783:Ceylon
6777:Brunei
6749:Borneo
6743:Bhutan
6737:Bengal
6673:Zambia
6604:Uganda
6366:Africa
6339:Colony
6329:Malta
6287:Cyprus
6275:Cyprus
6259:Europe
6225:Legend
6169:
6124:13 May
6109:
6099:
6077:
6069:
6059:
6017:
6007:
5984:11 May
5924:
5899:
5873:
5847:
5822:
5797:
5758:
5733:
5721:
5705:
5697:
5687:
5658:
5633:
5623:
5596:
5571:
5565:955739
5563:
5511:
5486:
5476:
5412:
5402:
5379:
5311:18 May
5026:
5001:30 May
4992:
4967:30 May
4936:
4814:
4789:
4781:
4746:
4736:
4707:
4697:
4630:
4622:
4612:
4555:18 May
4436:
4426:
4396:
4386:
4349:
4341:
4199:
4191:
4181:
3945:GOV.UK
3910:
3900:
3868:
3802:
3794:
3784:
3727:
3719:
3611:
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