1052:, one of the most powerful figures in France, broke into the bedroom of Charles of Spain and murdered him as he knelt naked, pleading for his life. Navarre then boasted of it and made tentative approaches to the English regarding an alliance. Navarre and John formally reconciled in March 1354 and a new balance within the French government was reached; this was more in favour of peace with England, in some quarters at almost any price. Informal talks started again at Guînes in mid-March. The principle whereby Edward abandoned his claim to the French throne in exchange for French territory was agreed; Edward gave his assent to this on 30 March. Formal negotiations recommenced in early April. The French were represented by Forêt, Lorris and Bertrand again, joined by
1092:
1193:. The French ambassadors arrived in Avignon in mid-January, repudiated the previous agreement and attempted to reopen negotiations. The English and the Cardinal of Boulogne pressed them to adhere to the existing treaty. The impasse continued for a month. Simultaneously the English delegation plotted an anti-French alliance with Navarre. By the end of February the futility of their official missions was obvious to all and the delegations departed with much acrimony. Their one achievement was a formal extension of the ill-observed truce to 24 June. It was clear that from then both sides would be committed to full-scale war.
1181:, the French commander in the south-west, ignored his orders to observe the peace; however, his offensive was ineffectual. Details of how much of the treaty was known to the French ruling elite and their debates regarding it are lacking, but sentiment was against its terms. In August it was revealed that several of the men who had negotiated and signed the treaty had been deeply involved in the plot to murder Charles of Spain. At least three of John's closest councillors fled his court or were expelled. By early September the French court had turned against the treaty. The date for formal ceremony in Avignon was suspended.
501:
820:
790:, released a group of English prisoners being held there and took over the whole castle. The French were furious and their envoys rushed to London to deliver a strong protest to Edward. Edward was thereby put in a difficult position. The English had been strengthening the defences of Calais with the construction of small fortifications at bottlenecks on the roads through the marshes to the town. These could not compete with the strength of the defences at Guînes that would greatly improve the security of the
927:
524:
1026:; and several other high-ranking figures. Both parties were ill-prepared and ill-briefed with only two of the French delegation having any previous negotiating experience with the English. After several meetings it was agreed they would adjourn to receive further instructions from their monarchs, reconvening on 19 May. Until then hostilities would be suspended by a formal truce. This temporary agreement was signed and
540:
556:
508:
1188:
those places which did not surrender. Planned negotiations in
Avignon to finalise the details of the treaty did not take place in the absence of French ambassadors. The English emissaries who were to formally announce the agreement arrived amidst much pomp in late December. John had meanwhile decided
810:
had fresh orders: to take over the garrisoning of Guînes in the King's name. The
Englishmen who had captured the town were rewarded. Determined to strike back, the French took desperate measures to raise money and set about raising an army. Thus the opportunistic capture of Guînes resulted in the war
889:
describes as "savage and continual fighting" throughout June and early July. In mid-July a large contingent of troops arrived from
England and, reinforced by much of the Calais garrison, were successful in approaching Guînes undetected and launching a night attack on the French camp. Many Frenchmen
762:
was agreed, bringing a temporary halt to the fighting. The agreement strongly favoured the
English, confirming them in possession of all of their territorial conquests. It was agreed that it would expire nine months later on 7 July 1348 but was extended repeatedly over the years. The truce did
1209:
and John was captured. In 1360, the fighting was brought to a temporary halt by the Treaty of Brétigny, which largely replicated the Treaty of Guînes, with slightly less generous terms for the
English. By this treaty vast areas of France were ceded to England, including Guînes and its county which
674:, had a new council that turned entirely against the treaty and John had decided that another round of warfare might leave him in a better negotiating position. The draft treaty was acrimoniously repudiated and war broke out again in June 1355. In 1356, the French royal army was defeated at the
1153: – which was technically a province of France – were to be abandoned. The truce was to be immediately publicised, while the fact that the outline of a peace treaty had been agreed was to be kept secret until 1 October, when Innocent would announce it at the
637:
When
English adventurers seized the strategically located town of Guînes in 1352, full-scale fighting broke out again. This did not go well for the French, as money and enthusiasm for the war ran out and state institutions ceased to function. Encouraged by the new pope,
794:, but retaining it would be a flagrant breach of the truce then in force. Edward would suffer a loss of honour and possibly a resumption of open warfare, for which he was unprepared. He ordered the English occupants to hand Guînes back.
726:
of the French crown to lawfully wage war on it. Edward was not fully committed to this claim and was repeatedly prepared to repudiate it in exchange for his claims to historically
English territory in south-west France being satisfied.
682:, which largely replicated the Treaty of Guînes, but was slightly less generous towards the English. War again flared up in 1369 and the Hundred Years' War finally ended in 1453, 99 years after the Treaty of Guînes was signed.
1161:. In the same ceremony, English representatives would repudiate the English claim to John's throne and the French would formally relinquish sovereignty over the agreed provinces. Edward was overjoyed, the English parliament
936:
The war was going badly for the French on all fronts and money and enthusiasm for the war was running out. Sumption describes the French administration as "fall apart in jealous acrimony and recrimination". The new pope,
646:
opened at Guînes in early March 1353. These broke down, although a truce was again agreed and again not fully observed by either side. In early 1354 a faction in favour of peace with
England gained influence in the
1033:
In early May 1353 the
English requested the negotiations not be restarted until June, to allow them to discuss the matter more fully. The French responded on 8 May by cancelling the truce and announcing an
805:
made fiery, warmongering speeches and the parliament was persuaded to approve three years of war taxes. Reassured that he had adequate financial backing, Edward changed his mind. By the end of
January the
1079:. The makeup of the English delegation is not known. Discussions were rapidly concluded. A formal truce for a year was agreed, as was the broad outline of a permanent peace. On 6 April 1354 these
750:. With French finances and morale at a low ebb after Crécy, Philip failed to relieve the town and the starving defenders surrendered on 3 August 1347. With both sides financially exhausted, Pope
885:
By the end of May, the English authorities had raised a force of more than 6,000 which was gradually shipped to Calais. From there they harassed the French in what the modern historian
1169:. The English party for the ceremony departed more than four months before they were due in Avignon. John also endorsed the treaty, but members of his council were less enthusiastic.
500:
655:
suggested that Edward would abandon his claim to the French throne in exchange for French territory. This was rapidly agreed and a draft treaty was formally signed on 6 April.
1210:
became part of the Pale of Calais. In 1369 large-scale fighting broke out again and the Hundred Years' War did not end until 1453, 99 years after the Treaty of Guînes was signed.
1044:
on 26 July and extended the truce until November, although all concerned understood that much fighting would continue. French central and local government collapsed.
1065:
977:
194:
1004:
941:, a relative of John's, encouraged negotiations for a permanent peace treaty and discussions opened at Guînes in early March 1353 overseen by the
1189:
that another round of warfare might leave him in a better negotiating position and the French planned an ambitious series of offensives for the 1355
786:. The French garrison of Guînes was not expecting an attack and the English crossed the moat, scaled the walls, killed the sentries, stormed the
2123:
2133:
1100:; the territorial settlement was similar to that proposed in the failed Treaty of Guînes: French territory in green, English territory in pink.
2158:
235:
401:
1138:
913:
with the English getting the better of it; French morale in the area was poor and they despaired of being able to drive off the English.
878:. The French reoccupied the town, but found it difficult to approach the castle because of the marshy terrain and the strength of its
845:
area of south-west France, but the main French effort was against Guînes. The French assembled an army of 4,500 men, including 1,500
364:
2153:
949:
948:. The modern historian George Cuttino states that Innocent was acting at John's instigation. The English sent a senior deputation:
901:
with heavy losses, especially among its leadership and men-at-arms. In south-west France there was scattered fighting across the
698:. A series of disagreements between France and England regarding the status of these lands culminated on 24 May 1337 in the
187:
416:
391:
1205:, fighting in separate campaigns in France. In 1356 the French royal army was defeated by a smaller Anglo-Gascon force at the
2003:
1984:
1954:
1920:
1897:
1878:
1856:
411:
396:
281:
206:
1141:
in France had previously been. It was also a treaty of friendship between the two nations and both France's alliance with
337:
988:
719:
571:
121:
1023:
252:
180:
894:
around their positions was destroyed. Shortly after, Charny abandoned the siege, leaving a garrison to hold the town.
2101:
2082:
2063:
2044:
2025:
1834:
593:
2013:
886:
747:
627:
330:
2148:
614:
on 6 April 1354. The war had broken out in 1337 and was further aggravated in 1340 when the English king,
262:
618:, claimed the French throne. The war went badly for France: the French army was heavily defeated at the
172:
942:
96:
1070:
1178:
870:, the French royal battle banner. By May 1352 the 115 men of the English garrison, commanded by
379:
2143:
2138:
973:
961:
115:
1091:
982:
763:
not stop ongoing naval clashes between the two countries, nor small-scale fighting in Gascony and
2128:
1202:
1061:
825:
694:, which extended across a large part of south-west France. By the 1330s this had been reduced to
480:
475:
288:
272:
245:
875:
850:
320:
1040:
for Normandy, a formal call to arms for all able-bodied males. The negotiators met briefly in
1083:
were formally signed by the representatives of both countries, witnessed by Guy of Boulogne.
1049:
798:
731:
711:
707:
615:
599:
315:
1190:
1097:
1076:
679:
485:
455:
240:
1015:
992:
715:
359:
267:
230:
801:
was scheduled to meet, its opening session due on 17 January. Several members of the
8:
1142:
1009:
1000:
996:
703:
460:
443:
349:
298:
1105:
The treaty was very much in the favour of the English. England was to gain the whole of
1964:
1909:
1206:
1150:
1019:
953:
854:
842:
691:
675:
603:
530:
421:
305:
293:
157:
743:
619:
325:
2097:
2078:
2059:
2040:
2021:
1999:
1980:
1973:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1916:
1893:
1874:
1852:
1830:
1133:
and the Pale of Calais. All were to be held as sovereign English territory, not as a
965:
897:
in August the French army in Brittany was defeated by a smaller English force at the
858:
807:
768:
764:
735:
671:
607:
406:
369:
225:
162:
1166:
310:
1154:
1129: – the large majority of western France – as well as
1114:
938:
898:
663:
639:
374:
354:
91:
1968:
1118:
1045:
957:
945:
775:
759:
588:
465:
257:
99:
1080:
1057:
871:
791:
699:
648:
634:
was agreed that, despite being only fitfully observed, was repeatedly renewed.
438:
1036:
841:
The resumption of hostilities caused fighting to flare up in Brittany and the
2117:
1930:
1053:
1027:
576:
The location of some places mentioned in the text, shown within modern France
1911:
The King's Lieutenant: Henry of Grosmont, First Duke of Lancaster, 1310–1361
1844:
1162:
755:
659:
1975:
The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context, and Translation
1260:
969:
846:
802:
202:
1048:
took to violently settling old scores rather than fighting the English.
906:
1866:
1146:
751:
1106:
952:, one of Edward's most trusted and experienced military lieutenants;
866:
631:
433:
833:
779:
611:
514:
69:
1130:
1126:
1122:
891:
879:
819:
783:
652:
722:
to the Kingdom of France. This permitted his allies who were also
2039:. The Hundred Years' War. Vol. II. London: Faber and Faber.
1996:
War Cruel and Sharp: English Strategy under Edward III, 1327–1360
1488:
1158:
902:
695:
667:
546:
2020:. The Hundred Years' War. Vol. I. London: Faber and Faber.
1790:
1464:
926:
1110:
910:
861:
723:
643:
623:
2096:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood. pp. 157–159.
2077:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood. pp. 142–143.
1517:
1515:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1185:
1041:
562:
2058:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood. pp. 74–75.
1539:
1394:
1392:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1340:
1338:
662:
by each country and announced by Innocent in October at the
1727:
1703:
1602:
1551:
1512:
1134:
829:
787:
739:
2092:
Wagner, John A. (2006c). "Hundred Years' War, Causes of".
1766:
1662:
1580:
1578:
1184:
In November 1354 John seized all of Navarre's lands,
1715:
1614:
1440:
1389:
1362:
1335:
1289:
1287:
1272:
1224:
710:, which was to last 116 years. In 1340 the English king,
678:
and John was captured. In 1360, both sides agreed to the
1949:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 109–124.
1744:
1742:
1802:
1691:
1679:
1626:
1575:
1299:
1201:
The war resumed in 1355, with both Edward and his son,
714:, as the closest male relative of Philip's predecessor
706:, declaring them forfeit. This marked the start of the
1754:
1428:
1404:
1284:
742:, defeating the French with great loss of life at the
1739:
1650:
1638:
1590:
1563:
1527:
1500:
1476:
1452:
1416:
1377:
1248:
931:
A contemporary image of the French king, John II
594:
2054:
Wagner, John A. (2006a). "Calais, Truce of (1347)".
1947:
Special Operations in the Age of Chivalry, 1100–1550
1311:
730:In 1346 Edward led an army across northern France,
1979:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1972:
1908:
1892:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
1873:. Essential Histories. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1778:
1323:
1236:
771:succeeded his father, Philip, as King of France.
2115:
968:, the most experienced diplomat in England; and
778:English soldiers seized the French-held town of
690:Since 1153 the English Crown had controlled the
976:; among others. The French were represented by
758:to negotiate a truce. On 28 September the
2073:Wagner, John A. (2006b). "Guines, Treaty of".
1963:
1356:
651:. Negotiations were reopened and the English
188:
1851:. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions.
1829:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press.
1145: – over which Edward claimed
16:Unratified treaty of the Hundred Years' War
523:
195:
181:
972:, an ex-keeper of the privy seal and the
2034:
2012:
1824:
1796:
1733:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1632:
1608:
1584:
1557:
1545:
1521:
1494:
1434:
1410:
1398:
1371:
1344:
1293:
1213:
1090:
925:
864:in French service and the keeper of the
818:
2091:
2072:
2053:
1887:
1673:
1506:
1305:
1254:
1230:
2116:
1998:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
1993:
1937:
1906:
1772:
1748:
1721:
1656:
1644:
1620:
1596:
1569:
1533:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1422:
1383:
1317:
1278:
1177:The English adhered to the truce, but
46:March 1353 – April 1354
2134:Military history of the Pas-de-Calais
2094:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
2075:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
2056:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
1865:
1843:
1808:
1784:
1760:
1446:
1329:
1269:, pp. 144–147, 182–183, 204–205.
1266:
1242:
1149: – and England's with
774:In early January 1352 a band of
642:, negotiations for a permanent peace
587:
176:
890:were killed and a large part of the
598:) was a draft settlement to end the
13:
2124:Treaties of the Hundred Years' War
748:laying siege to the port of Calais
14:
2170:
1941:(2007). "For a Sack-full of Gold
1915:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
1871:The Hundred Years' War 1337–1453
554:
538:
522:
506:
499:
417:Black Prince's chevauchée (1356)
392:Black Prince's chevauchée (1355)
2154:Treaties not entered into force
1003:and a close confident of John;
921:
630:. With both sides exhausted, a
539:
1888:Cuttino, George Peddy (1985).
1172:
1096:France after the later (1360)
857:, a senior and well-respected
658:The treaty was supposed to be
507:
397:Edward III's chevauchée (1355)
143:Archbishop of Rouen and others
1:
2159:Hundred Years' War, 1337–1360
1218:
849:and a large force of Italian
792:English enclave around Calais
685:
555:
338:Lancaster's chevauchée (1346)
1196:
1086:
140:Bishop of Norwich and others
7:
2035:Sumption, Jonathan (1999).
670:. By then the French king,
10:
2175:
1994:Rogers, Clifford (2014) .
1890:English Medieval Diplomacy
1817:
1357:Kaeuper & Kennedy 1996
814:
402:Normandy chevauchée (1356)
1497:, pp. 102, 111, 115.
1473:, p. 288, 288 n. 16.
916:
622:, and the French town of
216:
150:
131:
108:
84:
76:
65:
50:
42:
34:
30:Treaty of perpetual peace
26:
1907:Fowler, Kenneth (1969).
1825:Bothwell, James (2001).
1799:, pp. 135–136, 447.
974:archbishop of Canterbury
958:keeper of the privy seal
1203:Edward the Black Prince
1137:of the French crown as
1102:
933:
838:
54:6 April 1354
2149:Edward III of England
1827:The Age of Edward III
1214:Citations and sources
1094:
929:
853:under the command of
822:
649:French king's council
628:besieged and captured
602:, negotiated between
412:Loire campaign (1356)
1775:, pp. 297, 304.
1548:, pp. 117, 122.
1449:, pp. 236, 240.
1281:, pp. 273, 281.
797:By coincidence, the
732:storming and sacking
702:of the French king,
572:class=notpageimage|
1965:Kaeuper, Richard W.
1736:, pp. 139–142.
1724:, pp. 291–292.
1712:, pp. 136–137.
1676:, pp. 142–143.
1623:, pp. 290–291.
1611:, pp. 131–133.
1560:, pp. 121–126.
1524:, pp. 115–116.
1233:, pp. 157–158.
1139:English possessions
1001:Constable of France
989:Archbishop of Rouen
450:Treaties and truces
365:Saint-Jean-d'Angély
263:Tournaisis campaign
122:Archbishop of Rouen
23:
2014:Sumption, Jonathan
1811:, pp. 46, 91.
1207:Battle of Poitiers
1191:campaigning season
1103:
1098:Treaty of Brétigny
1077:Count of Châtillon
1050:Charles of Navarre
1030:on 10 March.
1024:Bishop of Beauvais
1020:Guillaume Bertrand
978:Pierre de La Forêt
954:Michael Northburgh
950:Henry of Lancaster
934:
855:Geoffrey of Charny
839:
799:English parliament
708:Hundred Years' War
692:Duchy of Aquitaine
680:Treaty of Brétigny
676:Battle of Poitiers
600:Hundred Years' War
531:Battle of Poitiers
331:Calais (1346–1347)
241:Thiérache campaign
204:Hundred Years' War
158:Kingdom of England
38:Hundred Years' War
21:
2005:978-0-85115-804-4
1986:978-0-8122-3348-3
1956:978-1-84383-292-8
1922:978-0-389-01003-6
1899:978-0-253-31954-8
1880:978-1-84176-269-2
1858:978-1-84022-210-4
1763:, pp. 42–43.
1401:, pp. 91–92.
1374:, pp. 89–90.
1347:, pp. 88–89.
1308:, pp. 74–75.
966:Bishop of Norwich
887:Jonathan Sumption
808:Captain of Calais
767:. In August 1350
494:
493:
253:Scheldt campaigns
171:
170:
163:Kingdom of France
116:Bishop of Norwich
2166:
2107:
2088:
2069:
2050:
2031:
2009:
1990:
1978:
1969:Kennedy, Elspeth
1960:
1945:: Calais 1350".
1939:Harari, Yuval N.
1934:
1914:
1903:
1884:
1862:
1840:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1179:John of Armagnac
1074:
1013:
1005:Robert de Lorris
997:Charles of Spain
986:
939:Innocent VI
899:Battle of Mauron
640:Innocent VI
591:
584:Treaty of Guînes
558:
557:
542:
541:
526:
525:
510:
509:
503:
211:
197:
190:
183:
174:
173:
92:Pope Innocent VI
61:
59:
24:
22:Treaty of Guînes
20:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2144:1354 in England
2139:1350s in France
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2085:
2066:
2047:
2028:
2018:Trial by Battle
2006:
1987:
1957:
1923:
1900:
1881:
1859:
1837:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1199:
1175:
1101:
1089:
1068:
1007:
980:
962:William Bateman
946:Guy of Boulogne
932:
924:
919:
837:
817:
760:Truce of Calais
752:Clement VI
744:Battle of Crécy
716:Charles IV
712:Edward III
688:
620:Battle of Crécy
616:Edward III
580:
579:
578:
577:
574:
568:
567:
566:
565:
559:
551:
550:
549:
543:
535:
534:
533:
527:
519:
518:
517:
511:
495:
490:
236:English Channel
212:
208:
207:Edwardian phase
205:
203:
201:
167:
146:
133:
127:
104:
100:Guy of Boulogne
57:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:1350s treaties
2126:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2089:
2083:
2070:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2026:
2010:
2004:
1991:
1985:
1961:
1955:
1935:
1921:
1904:
1898:
1885:
1879:
1863:
1857:
1841:
1835:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 292.
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1700:, p. 136.
1690:
1688:, p. 133.
1678:
1661:
1659:, p. 291.
1649:
1647:, p. 129.
1637:
1635:, p. 195.
1625:
1613:
1601:
1599:, p. 131.
1589:
1587:, p. 132.
1574:
1572:, p. 122.
1562:
1550:
1538:
1536:, p. 112.
1526:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1485:, p. 290.
1475:
1463:
1461:, p. 288.
1451:
1439:
1427:
1425:, p. 112.
1415:
1403:
1388:
1386:, p. 122.
1376:
1361:
1349:
1334:
1322:
1320:, p. 114.
1310:
1298:
1296:, p. 585.
1283:
1271:
1259:
1257:, p. 158.
1247:
1235:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1198:
1195:
1174:
1171:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1081:heads of terms
1062:Count of Roucy
1058:Bishop of Laon
999:, who was the
930:
923:
920:
918:
915:
872:Thomas Hogshaw
836:castle in 2012
823:
816:
813:
803:King's Council
782:by a midnight
704:Philip VI
687:
684:
610:and signed at
575:
570:
569:
561:
560:
553:
552:
545:
544:
537:
536:
529:
528:
521:
520:
513:
512:
505:
504:
498:
497:
496:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
452:
451:
447:
446:
441:
439:Reims campaign
436:
430:
429:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
346:
345:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
311:Crécy campaign
308:
303:
302:
301:
296:
285:
284:
278:
277:
276:
275:
270:
260:
255:
250:
249:
248:
238:
233:
228:
222:
221:
217:
214:
213:
200:
199:
192:
185:
177:
169:
168:
166:
165:
160:
154:
152:
148:
147:
145:
144:
141:
137:
135:
129:
128:
126:
125:
119:
112:
110:
106:
105:
103:
102:
94:
88:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2171:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2103:0-313-32736-X
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2084:0-313-32736-X
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2065:0-313-32736-X
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2046:0-571-13896-9
2042:
2038:
2037:Trial by Fire
2033:
2029:
2027:0-571-20095-8
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1849:The Crecy War
1846:
1845:Burne, Alfred
1842:
1838:
1836:1-903153-06-9
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1797:Sumption 1999
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:Sumption 1999
1730:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1710:Sumption 1999
1706:
1699:
1698:Sumption 1999
1694:
1687:
1686:Sumption 1999
1682:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1633:Bothwell 2001
1629:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1609:Sumption 1999
1605:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1585:Sumption 1999
1581:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1558:Sumption 1999
1554:
1547:
1546:Sumption 1999
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1522:Sumption 1999
1518:
1516:
1509:, p. 89.
1508:
1503:
1496:
1495:Sumption 1999
1491:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1437:, p. 93.
1436:
1435:Sumption 1999
1431:
1424:
1419:
1413:, p. 12.
1412:
1411:Sumption 1999
1407:
1400:
1399:Sumption 1999
1395:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1372:Sumption 1999
1368:
1366:
1359:, p. 14.
1358:
1353:
1346:
1345:Sumption 1999
1341:
1339:
1332:, p. 41.
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1294:Sumption 1990
1290:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Robert le Coq
1051:
1047:
1046:French nobles
1043:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
928:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
835:
831:
827:
821:
812:
809:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
645:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
590:
589:[ɡin]
585:
573:
564:
548:
532:
516:
502:
487:
484:
482:
481:Second London
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
355:Calais (1350)
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
279:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:
215:
210:
198:
193:
191:
186:
184:
179:
178:
175:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
142:
139:
138:
136:
130:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
111:
107:
101:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
2111:
2093:
2074:
2055:
2036:
2017:
1995:
1974:
1946:
1942:
1910:
1889:
1870:
1848:
1826:
1804:
1792:
1787:, p. 9.
1780:
1768:
1756:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1674:Wagner 2006b
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1507:Cuttino 1985
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1379:
1352:
1325:
1313:
1306:Wagner 2006a
1301:
1274:
1262:
1255:Wagner 2006c
1250:
1245:, p. 7.
1238:
1231:Wagner 2006c
1226:
1200:
1183:
1176:
1167:sight unseen
1155:papal palace
1104:
1035:
1032:
935:
922:Negotiations
896:
884:
865:
840:
796:
773:
769:John II
729:
720:formal claim
689:
672:John II
664:papal palace
657:
636:
583:
581:
476:First London
470:
321:Blanchetaque
80:Not ratified
18:
1867:Curry, Anne
1773:Rogers 2014
1749:Rogers 2014
1722:Rogers 2014
1657:Rogers 2014
1645:Fowler 1969
1621:Rogers 2014
1597:Fowler 1969
1570:Fowler 1969
1534:Fowler 1969
1483:Rogers 2014
1471:Rogers 2014
1459:Rogers 2014
1423:Harari 2007
1384:Harari 2007
1318:Harari 2007
1279:Rogers 2014
1173:Repudiation
1165:the treaty
1069: [
1037:arrière-ban
1016:Chamberlain
1008: [
991:and John's
981: [
970:Simon Islip
876:under siege
851:crossbowmen
847:men-at-arms
776:freelancing
754:dispatched
209:(1337–1360)
134:signatories
109:Negotiators
2118:Categories
1809:Curry 2002
1785:Curry 2002
1761:Curry 2002
1447:Burne 1999
1330:Curry 2002
1267:Burne 1999
1243:Curry 2002
1219:References
1147:suzerainty
1060:, Robert,
993:Chancellor
859:Burgundian
811:resuming.
756:emissaries
686:Background
653:emissaries
461:Malestroit
360:Winchelsea
268:Saint-Omer
231:Arnemuiden
124:and others
118:and others
58:1354-04-06
1931:164491035
1847:(1999) .
1197:Aftermath
1186:besieging
1107:Aquitaine
1087:Agreement
1014:, John's
867:Oriflamme
843:Saintonge
456:Espléchin
434:Jacquerie
428:1358–1360
386:1355–1356
350:Lunalonge
344:1349–1352
306:Aiguillon
299:Auberoche
282:1345–1347
220:1337–1340
85:Mediators
77:Effective
2016:(1990).
1971:(1996).
1869:(2002).
1163:ratified
1151:Flanders
1143:Scotland
1131:Ponthieu
1127:Limousin
1123:Touraine
943:Cardinal
907:Périgord
892:palisade
880:barbican
784:escalade
765:Brittany
738:town of
660:ratified
486:Brétigny
444:Chartres
422:Poitiers
407:Breteuil
294:Bergerac
132:Original
97:Cardinal
72:, France
66:Location
1818:Sources
1159:Avignon
903:Agenais
874:, were
815:Prelude
724:vassals
718:, laid
700:council
696:Gascony
668:Avignon
604:England
547:Avignon
370:Saintes
289:Gascony
273:Tournai
246:Cambrai
226:Cadzand
151:Parties
56: (
43:Drafted
35:Context
2100:
2081:
2062:
2043:
2024:
2002:
1983:
1967:&
1953:
1929:
1919:
1896:
1877:
1855:
1833:
1111:Poitou
1064:, and
1028:sealed
1022:, the
917:Treaty
911:Quercy
862:knight
834:Guînes
780:Guînes
736:Norman
644:treaty
624:Calais
612:Guînes
608:France
515:Guînes
471:Guînes
466:Calais
380:Guînes
375:Ardres
70:Guînes
51:Signed
1119:Anjou
1115:Maine
1073:]
1042:Paris
1012:]
985:]
826:motte
632:truce
595:gheen
563:Paris
326:Crécy
258:Sluys
2098:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1943:Écus
1927:OCLC
1917:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1135:fief
1125:and
1066:Jean
964:the
909:and
830:keep
828:and
824:The
788:keep
746:and
740:Caen
734:the
626:was
606:and
582:The
316:Caen
27:Type
1157:in
832:of
666:in
2120::
1925:.
1741:^
1664:^
1577:^
1514:^
1391:^
1364:^
1337:^
1286:^
1121:,
1117:,
1113:,
1109:,
1075:,
1071:fr
1056:,
1018:;
1010:fr
995:;
987:,
983:fr
960:;
956:,
905:,
882:.
592:,
2106:.
2087:.
2068:.
2049:.
2030:.
2008:.
1989:.
1959:.
1933:.
1902:.
1883:.
1861:.
1839:.
586:(
196:e
189:t
182:v
60:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.