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1112:, Wehlau-Bromberg was a "major geopolitical gain and surge in wealth and prestige", and Poland had "substantially benefited" from Brandenburgian support during the war. The concessions that Poland made in Wehlau and Bromberg were thought as tactical and open to later reversal, which did not happen because of Poland's internal weakness.
456:, which joined the anti-Swedish coalition in June 1657 after it had been triggered by the second Treaty of Vienna. However, Denmark was not fighting on Polish soil, and although its involvement tied down Charles X Gustav's forces and a formal alliance with Poland was concluded in July, the Danish aimed to recover
2238:
Scan of the treaty ratified at
Bromberg, consisting of the terms regarding Prussia and Ermland (22 articles, Wehlau), the terms regarding the Brandenburg-Polish alliance (6 articles, Wehlau) and the amendments regarding Lauenburg-Bütow, Elbing etc, and hosted at ieg-mainz.de (Institut für Europäische
1241:
is 40,000 thalers in Frost (2004), p. 104, and 400,000 thalers in Frost (2000), p. 200. It is 300,000 thalers in Oakley (1992), p. 103 and Wilson (1998), p. 135. Kamińska (1983), p. 12 gives 400,000 thalers. The commented edition of the treaty at the
Institut für Europäische Geschichte (Institute for
791:
The rights of the nobility of
Lauenburg and Bütow Land were to be left unchanged, and previous court sentences and privileges were to remain in force. The administration of the region should be conducted just as it had been handled by the Pomeranian dukes. In a note issued separately from the treaty,
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in April 1658. During the ceremony, the non-noble inhabitants swore the same oath of allegiance to the
Brandenburgian electors that had been sworn to the Pomeranian dukes, and the nobles swore a modified oath. The oath was given by 63 noble families from the Lauenburg district and 43 families of the
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in 1772. In the new treaty, the terms of
Bromberg were cancelled, including the guarantees for the Catholic Church and the nobles, and the Polish crown renounced all rights on Lauenburg and Bütow Land, which was accordingly no longer a fief and would no longer be inherited by the Polish king if the
592:
The treaty ratified in
Bromberg had three parts. The first one contained 22 articles and dealt primarily with the status and succession of Prussia, the Brandenburg-Polish alliance, and military aid. It was drafted in Wehlau and signed there by the Brandenburgian and Polish plenipotentiaries and the
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gives 400,000 reichstalers in the second amendment, overruling
Article XII of the Wehlau tractates. Instead of providing 500 horse, Brandenburg-Prussia was to return Elbing and level its fortification upon receiving the payment, sources given there are: AGADWarschau MK KK Volume 202, p. 40, print:
1155:
and neglect the complexity of the contemporary situation: "Contemporary politicians were aware of the dangers of conceding sovereignty, which they accepted not because they were stupid, indifferent, or lacking in foresight, but because the alternatives seemed more damaging to the
Commonwealth's
939:. The Brandenburg-Prussian administration did not accept all of the families as nobles since in May, only thirteen indigenous and six immigrated Pomeranian families in the Lauenburg district and four families in the Bütow district were listed as nobles, the others being referred to as
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interests". Frost regards as having merit
Piwarski's assertion of the Polish decision to have been heavily influenced by the Habsburgs but also states that the Polish interest in a rapprochement with Brandenburg had emerged before 1656, long before Lisola entered the scene.
349:
of 8 April 1525. The fief was hereditary, and if
Albrecht or his brothers' house became extinct in the male line, the fief was to pass to the Polish king, who was to appoint a German-speaking Prussian-born governor. On 4 June 1563, that provision was changed by Polish King
1128:, which, after the emperor's incidental death earlier that year, needed to secure the elector's vote since its "urgings carried considerable weight since the Poles were counting on Austrian assistance in the event of a renewed Swedish or Russian attack". Clark thus views
597:") containing 6 articles, also drafted and signed by the plenipotentiaries and the mediator in Wehlau, which further detailed the alliance and military aid. The third part amended the Wehlau agreement and primarily detailed Polish concessions.
987:
The provision that Brandenburgian envoys were to be sent to the inauguration of subsequent Polish kings was followed until 1698, when Brandenburg-Prussia ceased to send delegations. The Treaty of Bromberg was superseded by the
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with 8,000 men, and both parties agreed on an "eternal alliance". In Bromberg, it was agreed that from his Prussian province, Frederick William I would dispatch 1,500 foot and 500 horse to join the army of the Polish king.
284:
in 1660. Elbing was kept by Poland, but Lauenburg and Bütow Land and Draheim were later integrated into Brandenburg-Prussia. The sovereignty in Prussia constituted the basis for the later coronation of the Hohenzollern as
437:, where the elites looked for ways to circumvent Alexis's succession. For a fast end to the war against Sweden to be able to avoid the implementation of the Truce of Vilna, the anti-Swedish alliance had to be extended.
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had sent envoys to the coronations of successive Polish kings, who were then to receive a written confirmation of the fief. If the Hohenzollern dynasty had no male heir, the fief should return to the Polish crown.
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as a "beneficiary of international developments beyond his control" and verifies his thesis by the post-Bromberg developments in which the elector lost all further war gains because of French intervention at the
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Schmidt, Roderich (2006). "Die Lande Lauenburg und Bütow in ihrer wechselnden Zugehörigkeit zum Deutschen Orden, zu Pommern und Polen und zu Brandenburg-Preußen". In Willoweit, Dietmar; Lemberg, Hans (eds.).
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branch of the Hohenzollern as possible successors. The privilege provided for the succession of the Brandenburgian electors as Prussian dukes upon the extinction of the House of Hohenzollern-Ansbach in 1618.
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was guaranteed. The Hohenzollern also agreed to grant religious freedom to the Catholic Church in Lauenburg and Bütow Land. The Catholic communities were to stay subordinate to and to be represented by the
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The third Polish concession was the payment of 120,000 thalers to Brandenburg-Prussia for war-related damage suffered upon entering the war by Poland. As a security for this payment, the district of
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1147:, the treaty marked the end of Polish influence on the Baltic and the decline of Poland–Lithuania's position in Europe. Frost says that the treaty was subject to criticism of historians such as
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Małłek, Janusz (2006). "Das Herzogtum Preußen und das Königreich Polen (1525-1657). Rechtliche und politische Beziehungen zwischen beiden Ländern". In Willoweit, Dietmar; Lemberg, Hans (eds.).
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Bromberg and Wehlau are regarded as "twin treaties", "supplementary treaties" or one treaty, which is sometimes referred to as "Treaty of Wehlau and Bromberg" or "Treaty of Wehlau-Bromberg."
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1088:. Before the 1773 treaty, Poland had the nominal right to bail out Draheim, which was never pursued. Nevertheless, the Polish crown underlined that right by granting privileges to the local
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took over administrative tasks regarding Draheim, but it retained its independence from the Pomeranian province until the terms of the Treaty of Bromberg were superseded by the
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In addition to Elbing, Poland aimed at also keeping Draheim, but Frederick William I was able to thwart those plans by occupying it in 1663. In the 1720s, the government of the
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2018:
Makiłła, Dariusz: Traktat welawski z 19 IX 1657 r. - dzieło pomyłki czy zdrady? Uwagi na tle historii dyplomacji polskiej w czasach drugiej wojny północnej (1654-1667).
297:. The Treaty of Bromberg later became regarded as one of the worst mistakes in Polish foreign policy towards Prussia after its consequences had become fatal to Poland.
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The Polish interest in an alliance with Brandenburg-Prussia was born out of the need to end the war against Sweden as soon as possible. On 3 November 1656, the
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1981:
Jähnig, Bernhart (2006). "Die politischen und rechtlichen Außenbeziehungen des Herzogtums Preußen (1525-1660)". In Willoweit, Dietmar; Lemberg, Hans (eds.).
768:. The sum was to be paid in annual rates of 40,000 thalers, and Brandenburg was to keep Draheim if the money had not been paid by the end of the third year.
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1151:, who considered that the price paid by Poland in Bromberg was unnecessarily high. According to Frost, these critics argue from a view after the
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452:, but the Habsburg forces were to be maintained by Poland, the prize for the alliance was bound to rise while the war lasted. A third ally was
386:, before the Swedish king released them from the vassalage and made them absolute sovereigns in those provinces. After fighting along with the
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regards the treaty as one of the greatest mistakes in Polish foreign policy towards Prussia with fatal consequences for Poland. According to
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The newly won Russian ally was reluctant to support Poland against Sweden as long as no diet had confirmed the truce. A second ally, the
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907:. Despite those problems, sovereignty in the Prussian duchy provided the basis for the Brandenburgian Hohenzollern to crown themselves "
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749:(Elbląg). In an amendment, Brandenburg-Prussia was obliged to return the town to Poland once the latter had bailed it out with 400,000
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was "eager to separate Brandenburg from Sweden and to neutralize it as a military threat" when Poland–Lithuania was threatened by the
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2125:. Völker, Staaten und Kulturen in Ostmitteleuropa (in German). Vol. 2. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 93–106.
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2026:. Völker, Staaten und Kulturen in Ostmitteleuropa (in German). Vol. 2. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 73–80.
1985:. Völker, Staaten und Kulturen in Ostmitteleuropa (in German). Vol. 2. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 51–72.
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troops to besiege and storm Elbing, but the Prussian troops withdrew the following year when Russia mediated its exchange for the
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was willing to abandon his ally when the war had turned against them and signalled his willingness to change sides if Polish King
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1829:. Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa (in German). Vol. 4. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag.
433:, there was support for the treaty from the nobles, who hoped for positions with more privilege, but that was not true for the
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Hohenzollern dynasty became extinct in the male line, the Prussian duchy was agreed to pass on to the Polish crown. That made
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as a security for the bills receivable. When Augustus the Strong failed to pay, the town was reoccupied in 1703, during the
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Muszyńska, J.; Wijaczki J.(red.) - Rzeczpospolita w latach Potopu 4. J. Wijaczka: Traktat welawsko-bydgoski - próba oceny.
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and so the nobles would enjoy the same rights and opportunities as the Polish nobles if they decided to leave for Poland.
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Territorial changes following the Treaty of Wehlau-Bromberg, compared to the pre-war situation (1654) and the treaties of
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2064:. Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte (in German). Vol. 164. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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F De Lisola, seren m Hungariae et Bohemiae regis ad hosce tractatum pro mediatione ablegatus, eiusdemque consiliarius
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Vincentius Corvinus Gosiewski, supremus thesaurarius et campiductor m d L s r m Poloniae et Sueciae plenipotentiarius
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Annotated edition of the Peace of Oliva, including the confirmation of Wehlau-Bromberg, Oliva 1660, at ieg-mainz.de
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was incarcerated for 16 years until his death. The estates' protests ended in 1663, when they swore allegiance to
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until 1680. In Article V of the Warsaw Treaty, Poland renounced its right to buy Draheim back and ceded it to
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty, Warsaw 1688, transcription, hosted at ieg-mainz.de
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Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa. Historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation
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Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa. Historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation
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Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa. Historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation
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Miasta warmińskie w latach 1655-1663 Józef Włodarski Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna w Olsztynie,page 62, 1993
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Separate scan of the Brandenburg-Polish alliance against Sweden (Wehlau) hosted at ieg-mainz.de, 7 pages
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similarly: Frost (2004), p. 97: of "undeniable importance in the subsequent rise of Brandenburg-Prussia"
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The Treaties of Wehlau and Bromberg were confirmed by the parties and internationally recognized at the
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Glaubensflüchtlinge. Ursachen, Formen und Auswirkungen frühneuzeitlicher Konfessionsmigration in Europa
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had his seat; the nobles swore allegiance to the electors; and assemblies of the nobles were held in a
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Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)
553:(Bydgoszcz). The Brandenburgian elector and the Polish king attended the ceremony with their wives,
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The Habsburgs' interest in the treaty was to build up good relations with Frederick William I. As a
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty, Warsaw 1698, scan, hosted at ieg-mainz.de
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty, Warsaw 1688, scan, hosted at ieg-mainz.de
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty, Warsaw 1677, transcription, ieg-mainz.de
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty, Warsaw 1672, transcription, ieg-mainz.de
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The amended and final version of the treaty was ratified on 6 November by Frederick William I and
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have to pay conditional allegiance to an envoy of subsequent Polish kings upon their succession (
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Bütow district, which was represented at the ceremony by 220 persons. Three persons swore in
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as a hereditary fief. It was to be held at the same conditions as previously granted to the
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Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715. An encyclopedia of global warfare and civilization
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230:(Welawa, now Znamensk). Thus, the Treaty of Bromberg is sometimes referred to as treaty of
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Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution
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seized it although it had not paid the sum that had been agreed on in Bromberg. That made
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655:), and they were released from previous oaths and obligations regarding the Polish crown.
226:, signed on 19 September 1657 by the Brandenburg–Prussian and Polish–Lithuanian envoys in
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2182:. Deutsche Geschichte (in German). Vol. 6 (2 ed.). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
2144:. Amsterdamer Publikationen zur Sprache und Literatur (in German). Vol. 74. Rodopi.
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was to be handed over to Brandenburg for three years. The district comprised the town of
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Venceslaus de Leszno, episcopus Varmien s r mtis Poloniae et Sueciae plenipotentiarius
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in 1772, with short interruptions in 1698/1699 and 1703. In 1698, Polish King
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The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721
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Dogiel IV, p. 497; Pufendorf, p. 389; Dumont VI/2, p. 196; Dolezel, p. 208
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and ready to accept the Hohenzollerns' demands because of pressure by the
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2002:
Brandenburg-Prussia and Poland. A study in diplomatic history (1669-1672)
1940:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History. Cambridge University Press.
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After the Deluge. Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660
1896:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History. Cambridge University Press.
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The preliminary treaty of Wehlau had been signed on 19 September 1657 by
1966:. A History of Modern Germany. Vol. 2. Princeton University Press.
958:(fiduciary). Until 1771, Lauenburg and Bütow Land was administered from
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222:) on 6 November 1657. The treaty had several agreements, including the
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Annotated edition / transcription of the treaty hosted at ieg-mainz.de
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289:. Wehlau-Bromberg remained in effect until it was superseded by the
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and the local nobility were to have patronage over the churches.
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2004:. Marburger Ostforschungen. Vol. 41. J.G. Herder-Institut.
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The Other Prussia. Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569-1772
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Laurentius Christophorus Somnitz, Plenipotentiarius electoralis
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The treaty was confirmed and internationally recognized in the
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Luise Henriette von Nassau-Oranien. Kurfürstin von Brandenburg
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Habsburg mediator. The second part was a special convention ("
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would grant him similar privileges as previously Swedish King
374:, the Brandenburgian Hohenzollern took the Prussian duchy and
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471:, he was a valuable ally if he supported their policy in the
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643:(Ermeland, Warmia) was to be returned to Poland. And if the
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2086:. Greenwood encyclopedias of modern world wars. ABC-CLIO.
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Ottho Liber Baro a Schwerin, plenipotentiarius electoralis
257:(Ermeland, Warmia) to Poland, the Polish king granted the
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Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
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Iron Kingdom: The Rise And Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947
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Confirmation and extension of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty
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was given with the other Pomeranian estates in Stettin.
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In return, the Polish crown granted Brandenburg-Prussia
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Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
1802:
Frost (2004), p. 97, referring to Kamińska (1983), p. 3
972:, the Seymik. After 1771, the region was governed from
852:
regions, dates indicate the year of acquisition by the
709:
922:
was officially handed over by John II Casimir's envoy
613:
had become fully sovereign by the Brandenburg-Swedish
505:'s envoys von Schwerin and von Somnitz, as well as by
27:
1657 alliance between Poland–Lithuania and Brandenburg
2231:
2180:
Deutschland im Zeitalter des Absolutismus (1648-1763)
946:
The Brandenburgian electors amended their title with
261:
dynasty of Brandenburg hereditary sovereignty in the
4265:
2041:
Materna, Ingo; Ribbe, Wolfgang; Adamy, Kurt (1995).
1811:
Frost (2004), p. 97, referring to K. Piwarski (1938)
3276:
Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
670:, retain its possessions and income and be granted
1959:
1867:
1524:Annotated edition, IEG Mainz, retrieved 2010-02-22
1185:Annotated edition, IEG Mainz, retrieved 2010-02-22
2199:German Armies: War and German Politics, 1648-1806
2040:
1237:The sum given for the Elbing ransom by historian
950:, despite Polish protests aimed at a change from
764:(now Czaplinek) and 18 villages at the border of
358:, which, in addition to Albrecht's branch of the
4651:
2139:
2105:. War in Context. Abingdon-New York: Routledge.
926:and received by the Brandenburg-Prussian envoys
3470:
3411:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
1502:
1500:
1498:
4680:Treaties of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1449:
1447:
1040:in 1656. Poland would keep the town until the
4251:
3415:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
2467:
2306:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1673:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1617:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1530:
876:The treaty first met with the protest of the
4175:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement
3698:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians
3433:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
1721:
1719:
1698:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
2142:Michael Albinus "Dantiscanus" (1610 - 1653)
1753:
1751:
1749:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1578:
1576:
1470:
1468:
1444:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1390:
1388:
1343:Frost (2004), pp. 86, 89, 98, 103, 128, 132
914:
277:to the Hohenzollerns as a hereditary fief.
4690:1657 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4258:
4244:
2474:
2460:
2313:
2299:
1682:
1626:
1553:
1539:
1527:
1435:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1220:The signatories at Bromberg also included
892:. The ecclesiastical subordination of the
632:Wacław Leszczyński (Venceslaus Les(z)no),
2215:
1888:
1843:
1805:
1716:
1707:
1509:
1477:
1321:
1319:
1317:
2481:
2177:
2062:Grenzgesellschaft und frühmoderner Staat
1999:
1760:
1746:
1650:
1608:
1594:
1573:
1465:
1415:
1385:
1071:
1004:
713:
627:
489:
318:
273:(Elbląg) to Brandenburg and handed over
3266:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
2119:
1954:
1824:
1369:
1355:
1282:
1032:not support Poland in the contemporary
341:was established as a Polish fief under
14:
4652:
3421:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
3102:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939
2196:
2161:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
2103:War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790
2100:
2059:
2021:
1980:
1962:A History of Modern Germany: 1648-1840
1346:
1314:
784:and keep all of their income, and the
653:hommagium eventuale, Eventualhuldigung
621:to be the sovereign possession of the
4239:
3819:
3469:
3211:
2803:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
2661:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
2541:
2455:
2294:
2158:
2081:
1932:
1910:
1862:
406:, conditions that were negotiated in
3693:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
2218:Miasta warmińskie w latach 1655-1663
1082:Brandenburgian province of Pomerania
710:Financial and territorial agreements
685:was obliged to give military aid to
600:
479:to mediate a respective settlement.
429:and to fight Sweden instead. In the
362:(Hohenzollern-Ansbach), allowed the
249:In exchange for military aid in the
3385:Evangelical State Church in Prussia
3112:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939
24:
3212:
2542:
2232:Text of the Wehlau-Bromberg treaty
2220:. Szkoła Pedagogiczna w Olsztynie.
2201:. Warfare and history. Routledge.
997:Hohenzollern line became extinct.
25:
4701:
4106:North German Confederation Treaty
2226:
976:(now Szczecin), like the rest of
901:prince-bishop of Ermland (Warmia)
803:
737:, free of duties except that the
666:was to remain subordinate to the
462:Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)
427:his offensive in Poland–Lithuania
390:in 1656, most prominently at the
3281:Apostolic Administration of Tütz
2693:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
1000:
826:
817:
199:, Latin: Pacta Bydgostensia) or
158:
145:
124:
112:
36:
4685:Treaties of Brandenburg-Prussia
3189:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
3158:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
3127:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
2943:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
2140:van Stekelenburg, Dick (1988).
2101:Oakley, Stewart Philip (1992).
1817:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1737:
1728:
1664:
1585:
1518:
1462:van Stekelenburg (1988), p. 255
1456:
1406:
1397:
1231:
1228:. Annotated edition, IEG Mainz.
1214:
1177:
980:, and allegiance to subsequent
677:
531:delegate and mediator Freiherr
507:Warmian (Ermland) prince-bishop
485:
218:that was ratified at Bromberg (
3337:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
3147:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3137:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
3132:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3044:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
2960:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
2955:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
2840:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
2835:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
2830:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
2825:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
2713:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
2688:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
2045:(in German). Akademie Verlag.
1337:
1328:
1305:
1296:
1273:
1264:
1099:
1026:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
962:(now Lębork), where the local
903:also caused tensions with the
798:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
668:archbishop of Ermland (Warmia)
634:archbishop of Ermland (Warmia)
619:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
617:—was likewise accepted by the
525:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
477:Franz Paul Freiherr von Lisola
293:(18 September 1773) after the
13:
1:
4348:Franco-Polish Alliance (1524)
3390:Pomeranian Evangelical Church
3327:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
3240:Christianization of Pomerania
3117:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
3087:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
2197:Wilson, Peter Hamish (1998).
1258:
948:dominus de Lauenburg et Bytaw
587:
460:, which had been lost at the
236:Treaty of Wehlau and Bromberg
4199:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
4049:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
3820:
3738:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
3445:Pentecostal Church in Poland
3406:Protestant Church in Germany
3142:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
3122:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
932:Ulrich Gottfried von Somnitz
701:had in Wehlau agreed to aid
7:
4193:German–Polish Border Treaty
4187:German Reunification Treaty
3438:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
3177:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3064:State of the Teutonic Order
2854:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
2731:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
2239:Geschichte Mainz), 24 pages
2043:Brandenburgische Geschichte
1679:Schmidt (2006), pp. 104-105
1623:Schmidt (2006), pp. 103-104
1183:Signatories at Wehlau (per
1159:
580:in 1660, and by the Polish
410:(Welawa, now Znamensk) and
10:
4706:
4082:Polish Partitions Treaties
2060:Motsch, Christoph (2001).
1253:
1226:Kazimierz Samuel Kuszewicz
1067:
943:("special free persons").
861:
808:
370:In 1656, during the early
304:
300:
4613:
4568:
4519:
4470:
4431:
4387:
4376:
4278:
4062:
3966:
3830:
3826:
3815:
3763:
3713:
3706:
3673:
3577:
3486:
3482:
3465:
3398:
3368:
3359:
3304:
3286:Prelature of Schneidemühl
3231:
3222:
3218:
3207:
3097:Posen-West Prussia Region
2984:
2869:
2741:
2552:
2548:
2537:
2489:
2438:
2330:
2216:Włodarski, Józef (1993).
2178:Vierhaus, Rudolf (1984).
2082:Nolan, Cathal J. (2008).
1825:Bahlcke, Joachim (2008).
1441:Frost (2004), pp. 97, 104
1042:First Partition of Poland
994:First Partition of Poland
720:Königsberg (January 1656)
555:Luise Henriette of Nassau
521:Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski
496:John II Casimir of Poland
354:in a privilege issued at
295:First Partition of Poland
244:traktat welawsko-bydgoski
205:John II Casimir of Poland
172:
138:
105:
97:
83:
75:
50:
35:
4670:Germany–Poland relations
4217:Treaty of Accession 2003
3674:Major demographic events
3246:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
2936:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
2931:Brandenburgian Pomerania
2791:Brandenburgian Pomerania
2494:10,000 BC – 600 AD
1844:Biereigel, Hans (2005).
1793:Włodarski (1993), p. 62.
1784:Clark (2006), pp. 49-50.
1743:Motsch (2001), pp. 18-19
1704:Friedrich (2006), p. 151
1506:Friedrich (2006), p. 150
1311:Wilson (1998), pp. 36-37
1171:
978:Brandenburgian Pomerania
920:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
915:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
766:Brandenburgian Pomerania
731:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
458:Scandinavian territories
431:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
275:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
62:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
4591:Preobrazhenskoye (1699)
4413:Niemieża / Vilna (1656)
4084:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
3487:Archaeological cultures
2646:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
2395:Wehlau – Bromberg
2000:Kamińska, Anna (1983).
1453:Biereigel (2005), p. 63
1302:Vierhaus (1984), p. 169
1086:Treaty of Warsaw (1773)
1076:Ruins of Draheim castle
1020:garrison withdrew from
990:Treaty of Warsaw (1773)
786:Electors of Brandenburg
724:Labiau (November 1656).
4638:Franco-Polish alliance
4615:Second Polish Republic
4586:Wehlau–Bromberg (1657)
4333:Brześć Kujawski (1435)
4112:Peace of Prague (1866)
3707:Languages and dialects
3377:Protestant Reformation
3172:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3075:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2974:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2919:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2859:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2721:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
2159:Stone, Daniel (2001).
1695:Schmidt (2006), p. 105
1670:Holborn (1982), p. 104
1647:Schmidt (2006), p. 104
1570:Schmidt (2006), p. 103
1550:Bahlcke (2008), p. 124
1536:Kamińska (1983), p. 10
1412:Materna (1995), p. 318
1118:John Casimir of Poland
1077:
1046:Augustus II the Strong
1013:
726:
636:
498:
450:second Vienna Treaties
378:(Ermeland, Warmia) as
343:duke Albrecht (Albert)
334:
328:Elector of Brandenburg
243:
196:
3953:(1448/1468/1472/1479)
3322:Archdiocese of Gdańsk
3312:Archdiocese of Berlin
2703:Bezirk Neubrandenburg
2574:Principality of Rügen
1864:Clark, Christopher M.
1848:(in German). Sutton.
1725:Wilson (1998), p. 136
1713:Wilson (1998), p. 135
1515:Kamińska (1983), p. 9
1242:European History) in
1110:House of Hohenzollern
1096:"for eternal times".
1075:
1008:
992:, which followed the
941:besondere freye Leute
905:House of Hohenzollern
894:Roman Catholic Church
862:Further information:
854:House of Hohenzollern
739:House of Hohenzollern
717:
660:Roman Catholic Church
631:
623:House of Hohenzollern
493:
414:(Bygost, Bydgoszcz).
360:House of Hohenzollern
352:Sigismund II Augustus
322:
203:was a treaty between
165:House of Hohenzollern
4423:Eternal Peace (1686)
3946:Thorn, Second (1466)
3347:Diocese of Włocławek
3317:Diocese of Bydgoszcz
2926:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
2796:Starostwo of Draheim
2641:Pomerania-Rügenwalde
2631:Pomerania-Neustettin
2483:History of Pomerania
1775:Clark (2006), p. 49.
1757:Motsch (2001), p. 87
1734:Motsch (2001), p. 25
1661:Stone (2001), p. 170
1614:Motsch (2001), p. 18
1605:Frost (2004), p. 104
1591:Wilson (1998), p. 36
1582:Motsch (2001), p. 85
1492:Jähnig (2006), p. 68
1474:Frost (2000), p. 183
1432:Frost (2004), p. 105
1403:Stone (2001), p. 169
1394:Nolan (2008), p. 334
1293:Małłek (2006), p. 75
1279:Jähnig (2006), p. 71
1153:partitions of Poland
1114:Christopher M. Clark
703:John II Casimir Vasa
595:Specialis Convention
567:Adrian von der Linde
559:Marie Louise Gonzaga
400:John II Casimir Vasa
384:Treaty of Königsberg
197:Vertrag von Bromberg
119:John II Casimir Vasa
88:Bromberg (Bydgoszcz)
56:Legal status of the
43:Bromberg (Bydgoszcz)
4660:Second Northern War
4550:Bila Tserkva (1651)
4398:Yam-Zapolsky (1582)
4037:Wehlau and Bromberg
3295:Gorzów Wielkopolski
3261:Diocese of Roskilde
3080:Chełmno Voivodeship
3049:Duchy of Białogarda
1918:. Harlow: Longman.
1874:. Harvard U press.
1382:Frost (2004), p. 97
1366:Frost (2004), p. 95
1352:Frost (2004), p. 86
1334:Frost (2004), p. 82
1325:Frost (2004), p. 98
1054:Polish Crown Jewels
1030:Frederick William I
890:Frederick William I
864:Brandenburg-Prussia
842:Frederick William I
699:Frederick William I
695:Second Northern War
693:during the ongoing
683:Brandenburg-Prussia
611:Frederick William I
578:Second Northern War
503:Frederick William I
396:Frederick William I
372:Second Northern War
324:Frederick William I
311:Second Northern War
251:Second Northern War
216:Brandenburg-Prussia
201:Treaty of Bydgoszcz
131:Frederick William I
32:
4596:Altranstädt (1706)
4141:Molotov–Ribbentrop
4129:Prussian Concordat
4063:1700–present
3924:Eberswalde, Second
3733:Central Pomeranian
3650:German Pomeranians
3615:Slavic Pomeranians
3504:Ertebølle-Ellerbek
3332:Diocese of Pelplin
3256:Diocese of Chełmno
3251:Diocese of Kolberg
3152:Słupsk Voivodeship
3054:Duchy of Lubiszewo
3027:Duchy of Pomerelia
2965:Słupsk Voivodeship
2897:House of Pomerania
2892:Duchy of Pomerania
2845:Słupsk Voivodeship
2818:List of placenames
2759:House of Pomerania
2754:Duchy of Pomerania
2676:List of placenames
2636:Pomerania-Stargard
2584:House of Pomerania
2579:Duchy of Pomerania
2529:1945–present
1222:Mikołaj Prazmowski
1190:2011-07-19 at the
1149:Kazimierz Piwarski
1078:
1058:Great Northern War
1024:(Elbląg), but the
1014:
872:Kingdom of Prussia
735:House of Pomerania
727:
637:
584:in 1659 and 1661.
576:, which ended the
569:was also present.
510:Wacław Leszczyński
499:
444:, were won in the
442:Austrian Habsburgs
335:
253:and the return of
184:Treaty of Bromberg
31:Treaty of Bromberg
30:
4647:
4646:
4609:
4608:
4535:Pereyaslav (1630)
4491:Stuhmsdorf (1635)
4408:Polyanovka (1634)
4378:Polish–Lithuanian
4280:Kingdom of Poland
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
3906:Eberswalde, First
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3534:Nordic Bronze Age
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3355:
3354:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3163:Toruń Voivodeship
2878:Farther Pomerania
2744:Farther Pomerania
2683:Enclave of Police
2656:Swedish Pomerania
2621:Pomerania-Wolgast
2616:Pomerania-Schlawe
2611:Pomerania-Stettin
2555:Western Pomerania
2449:
2448:
2093:978-0-313-33046-9
1925:978-0-582-06429-4
1836:978-3-8258-6668-6
1130:Frederick William
1126:House of Habsburg
1122:Tsardom of Russia
928:Adam von Podewils
846:Königsberg Castle
840:paying homage to
777:religious freedom
672:religious freedom
601:Status of Prussia
473:Holy Roman Empire
435:Kingdom of Poland
212:Frederick William
180:
179:
54:Military alliance
16:(Redirected from
4697:
4496:Kėdainiai (1655)
4462:Karlowitz (1699)
4418:Andrusovo (1667)
4385:
4384:
4293:Merseburg (1033)
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4236:
4205:Polish Concordat
4169:Helsinki Accords
4123:Polish Concordat
3884:Stralsund (1370)
3879:Stralsund (1354)
3828:
3827:
3817:
3816:
3711:
3710:
3681:Migration Period
3569:Dębczyn (Denzin)
3484:
3483:
3467:
3466:
3366:
3365:
3342:Diocese of Toruń
3229:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3059:Duchy of Świecie
3022:Danish Pomerelia
3017:Polish Pomerelia
3010:
2885:
2698:Bezirk Frankfurt
2671:Stralsund Region
2606:Pomerania-Demmin
2550:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2321:Treaties of the
2315:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2221:
2212:
2193:
2174:
2155:
2136:
2116:
2097:
2075:
2056:
2037:
2015:
1996:
1977:
1965:
1951:
1934:Frost, Robert I.
1929:
1907:
1890:Friedrich, Karin
1885:
1873:
1859:
1840:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1648:
1645:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1551:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1493:
1490:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1248:
1235:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1181:
1166:List of treaties
1034:Russo-Polish War
878:Prussian estates
838:Prussian estates
830:
821:
664:Duchy of Prussia
649:Prussian estates
615:Treaty of Labiau
607:Duchy of Prussia
561:, respectively.
541:
533:Franz von Lisola
518:
423:Alexis of Russia
404:Charles X Gustav
392:Battle of Warsaw
347:Treaty of Cracow
339:Duchy of Prussia
315:Treaty of Labiau
307:Duchy of Prussia
291:Treaty of Warsaw
263:Duchy of Prussia
224:Treaty of Wehlau
191:
163:
162:
161:
153:Poland–Lithuania
151:
149:
148:
129:
128:
127:
117:
116:
115:
66:Draheim (Drahim)
58:Duchy of Prussia
40:
33:
29:
21:
18:Treaty of Wehlau
4705:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4605:
4564:
4530:Kurukove (1625)
4515:
4466:
4427:
4379:
4372:
4308:Raciążek (1404)
4303:Namysłów (1348)
4274:
4264:
4234:
4221:
4135:Reichskonkordat
4058:
3967:1500–1700
3962:
3935:Brześć Kujawski
3895:Raciążek (1404)
3831:1200–1500
3822:
3799:
3759:
3755:Standard German
3748:West Pomeranian
3743:East Pomeranian
3702:
3669:
3573:
3478:
3449:
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3182:Gmina Biały Bór
3106:Polish Corridor
3039:Duchy of Gdańsk
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2871:Lauenburg-Bütow
2865:
2784:Pomerania-Stolp
2747:
2746:
2737:
2651:Pomerania-Barth
2626:Pomerania-Stolp
2557:
2544:
2533:
2524:1933–1945
2519:1806–1933
2514:1500–1806
2509:1300–1500
2504:1100–1300
2485:
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2094:
2072:
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2012:
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1974:
1948:
1926:
1912:Frost, Robert I
1904:
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1239:Robert I. Frost
1236:
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1192:Wayback Machine
1182:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1141:Józef Włodarski
1135:Treaty of Oliva
1106:Robert I. Frost
1102:
1070:
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924:Ignatz Bokowski
917:
909:King in Prussia
886:Hieronymus Roth
874:
868:King in Prussia
860:
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782:Kuyavian bishop
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603:
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565:(Gdansk) Mayor
547:John II Casimir
535:
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332:Duke of Prussia
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79:6 November 1657
70:Elbing (Elbląg)
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12:
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4434:Ottoman Empire
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4405:
4403:Deulino (1618)
4400:
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4365:
4363:Vilnius (1561)
4360:
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4340:
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4328:Łęczyca (1433)
4325:
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4318:Lubowla (1412)
4315:
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4305:
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4288:Bautzen (1018)
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3002:Tuchola Forest
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2808:Stettin Region
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2708:Bezirk Rostock
2705:
2700:
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2673:
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2666:Stettin Region
2658:
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2618:
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2569:Northern March
2566:
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2543:Administrative
2535:
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2499:600–1100
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2227:External links
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896:to the Polish
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804:Implementation
802:
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691:Swedish Empire
679:
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662:in the former
645:Brandenburgian
602:
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589:
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574:Peace of Oliva
487:
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469:prince-elector
454:Denmark-Norway
419:Truce of Vilna
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282:Peace of Oliva
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4675:1657 treaties
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4661:
4658:
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4623:Warsaw (1920)
4621:
4620:
4618:
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4612:
4602:
4601:Vienna (1738)
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
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4581:Vienna (1657)
4579:
4577:
4576:Vienna (1656)
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4560:Cudnów (1660)
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
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4545:Zboriv (1649)
4543:
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4540:Zamość (1648)
4538:
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4527:
4525:
4523:
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4511:Warsaw (1705)
4509:
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4502:
4501:Radnot (1656)
4499:
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4481:Mitawa (1622)
4479:
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4458:
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4447:Khotyn (1621)
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4358:Pozvol (1557)
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4353:Kraków (1525)
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4298:Kalisz (1343)
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4181:Two Plus Four
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4164:Warsaw (1970)
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4159:Moscow (1970)
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4072:(1719 / 1720)
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3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
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3210:
3206:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:Contemporary
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
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3110:
3107:
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3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:Royal Prussia
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:Contemporary
2969:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:Köslin Region
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2914:Royal Prussia
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:List of Dukes
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:classified as
2872:
2868:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:Contemporary
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Köslin Region
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Schlawe-Stolp
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:List of Dukes
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:Contemporary
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
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2677:
2674:
2672:
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2664:
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2639:
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2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:List of Dukes
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Billung March
2562:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
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2522:
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2507:
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2500:
2497:
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2470:
2465:
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2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:2nd Kėdainiai
2338:
2336:
2335:1st Kėdainiai
2333:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2287:
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2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2208:1-85728-106-3
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2189:3-525-33504-0
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2170:0-295-98093-1
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2151:90-6203-770-4
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2132:3-486-57839-1
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2112:0-415-02472-2
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2071:3-525-35634-X
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2052:3-05-002508-5
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2033:3-486-57839-1
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2011:3-87969-174-6
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1992:3-486-57839-1
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1973:0-691-00796-9
1969:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1956:Holborn, Hajo
1953:
1949:
1947:0-521-54402-5
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1903:0-521-02775-6
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1855:3-89702-838-7
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
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1740:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1688:
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1658:
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1598:
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1547:
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1521:
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1469:
1459:
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1427:
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1409:
1400:
1391:
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1379:
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1363:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1288:
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1276:
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1263:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:Anna Kamińska
1142:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:According to
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:In 1660, the
1011:
1007:
1001:Elbing/Elbląg
998:
995:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:
965:
964:Oberhauptmann
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
912:
910:
906:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
873:
869:
865:
855:
851:
850:East Prussian
848:, 1663. Map:
847:
843:
839:
829:
820:
801:
799:
795:
789:
787:
783:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
732:
725:
721:
716:
707:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
596:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
511:
508:
504:
497:
492:
483:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:had promised
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:fiefs in the
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
278:
276:
272:
269:(Drahim) and
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
175:
171:
166:
156:
154:
143:
142:
141:
137:
132:
122:
120:
110:
109:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
53:
49:
44:
39:
34:
19:
4585:
4506:Oliwa (1660)
4442:Busza (1617)
4380:Commonwealth
4343:Ólafu (1474)
4338:Thorn (1466)
4323:Melno (1422)
4313:Thorn (1411)
4036:
3900:Thorn, First
3728:Low Prussian
3685:
3529:Comb Ceramic
3514:Funnelbeaker
3476:anthropology
3375:
3293:with see in
3238:
3092:West Prussia
3007:Chełmno Land
2440:
2394:
2323:Northern War
2217:
2198:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2122:
2102:
2083:
2061:
2042:
2023:
2001:
1982:
1961:
1937:
1915:
1893:
1869:
1845:
1826:
1818:Bibliography
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1739:
1730:
1709:
1700:
1675:
1666:
1619:
1610:
1587:
1520:
1511:
1458:
1437:
1408:
1399:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1307:
1298:
1275:
1266:
1233:
1216:
1179:
1139:
1103:
1079:
1015:
986:
967:
963:
955:
951:
947:
945:
940:
918:
875:
790:
775:in Draheim,
770:
755:
744:
728:
689:against the
681:
678:Military aid
657:
652:
638:
604:
594:
591:
571:
544:
500:
486:Ratification
481:
466:
439:
416:
388:Swedish Army
369:
336:
279:
259:Hohenzollern
248:
235:
231:
223:
200:
183:
181:
4633:Riga (1921)
4569:With others
4054:Lund (1679)
3867:Ueckermünde
3765:West Slavic
3687:Ostsiedlung
3665:Slovincians
3524:Corded Ware
3499:Maglemosian
2726:Brandenburg
2325:(1654–1660)
1100:Assessments
911:" in 1701.
836:Image: The
536: [
513: [
364:Brandenburg
106:Signatories
4654:Categories
4117:Versailles
4020:Westphalia
3793:Slovincian
3783:Pomeranian
3723:Low German
3655:Kashubians
3549:Pomeranian
3472:Demography
3369:Historical
3361:Protestant
3232:Historical
3071:1466–1793
3032:Samborides
2907:Partitions
2779:Partitions
2599:Partitions
2425:Copenhagen
2390:2nd Vienna
2380:1st Vienna
2360:Marienburg
2350:Königsberg
1881:0674023854
1259:References
1116:says that
1064:pressure.
1048:permitted
956:fiduciarus
954:(lord) to
882:Königsberg
762:Tempelburg
588:Agreements
98:Expiration
4432:With the
4153:Zgorzelec
4070:Stockholm
4009:Franzburg
3918:Perleberg
3788:Kashubian
3645:Velunzani
3605:Vidivarii
3519:Havelland
3297:1945–1972
3165:1975–1998
3154:1975–1998
2986:Pomerelia
2967:1975–1998
2883:Pomerelia
2847:1975–1998
2442:Campaigns
2415:the Hague
960:Lauenburg
773:Catholics
639:However,
265:, pawned
220:Bydgoszcz
189:‹See Tfd›
4522:Cossacks
3992:Augsburg
3986:Grimnitz
3951:Prenzlau
3821:Treaties
3773:Polabian
3620:Prissani
3559:Wielbark
3539:Lusatian
2997:Kociewie
2992:Kashubia
2410:Valiesar
2405:Roskilde
2400:Taastrup
2355:Tyszowce
1958:(1982).
1936:(2004).
1914:(2000).
1892:(2006).
1866:(2006).
1188:Archived
1160:See also
1050:Prussian
1012:(Elbląg)
771:For the
551:Bromberg
529:Habsburg
523:for the
448:and the
412:Bromberg
356:Petrikau
173:Language
84:Location
4390:Muscovy
4266:Polish
4147:Potsdam
3861:Templin
3838:Kremmen
3595:Lemovii
3578:Peoples
3554:Oksywie
3544:Jastorf
3494:Hamburg
2594:Gützkow
1254:Sources
1094:Prussia
1090:Schulze
1068:Draheim
1062:Swedish
1018:Swedish
974:Stettin
969:landtag
952:dominus
809:Prussia
758:Draheim
751:thalers
641:Ermland
609:—where
380:Swedish
376:Ermland
345:in the
301:Context
267:Draheim
255:Ermland
209:Elector
139:Parties
45:in 1657
4640:(1921)
4473:Sweden
4268:truces
4213:(1996)
4207:(1993)
4201:(1991)
4195:(1991)
4189:(1990)
4183:(1990)
4177:(1989)
4171:(1975)
4155:(1951)
4149:(1945)
4143:(1939)
4137:(1933)
4131:(1929)
4125:(1925)
4119:(1919)
4108:(1866)
4102:(1815)
4100:Vienna
4096:(1814)
4090:(1807)
4088:Tilsit
4078:(1720)
4045:(1660)
4039:(1657)
4033:(1656)
4031:Labiau
4022:(1648)
4011:(1627)
4000:(1569)
3998:Lublin
3994:(1555)
3988:(1529)
3982:(1525)
3980:Kraków
3976:(1521)
3959:(1493)
3957:Pyritz
3937:(1435)
3926:(1427)
3920:(1427)
3914:(1422)
3908:(1415)
3902:(1411)
3891:(1390)
3889:Pyzdry
3875:(1343)
3873:Kalisz
3869:(1327)
3863:(1317)
3852:(1282)
3846:(1250)
3844:Landin
3840:(1236)
3778:Polish
3640:Lutici
3635:Veleti
3630:Ukrani
3585:Gepids
3564:Gustow
3399:Extant
3305:Extant
2769:Cammin
2430:Cardis
2385:Radnot
2370:Labiau
2365:Elbing
2205:
2186:
2167:
2148:
2129:
2109:
2090:
2068:
2049:
2030:
2008:
1989:
1970:
1944:
1922:
1900:
1878:
1852:
1833:
1038:Russia
1022:Elbing
1010:Elbing
937:Polish
884:mayor
870:, and
747:Elbing
687:Poland
563:Danzig
527:, and
408:Wehlau
313:, and
271:Elbing
240:Polish
228:Wehlau
193:German
150:
92:Poland
76:Signed
4520:With
4471:With
4388:With
4043:Oliva
3974:Thorn
3912:Melno
3850:Kępno
3660:Poles
3600:Rugii
3590:Goths
2420:Oliva
2375:Vilna
2345:Rinsk
1244:Mainz
1172:Notes
540:]
517:]
494:King
446:first
176:Latin
4270:and
4094:Kiel
3625:Rani
3474:and
2203:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2028:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1224:and
1108:the
930:and
722:and
658:The
605:The
582:Sejm
557:and
519:and
337:The
330:and
207:and
182:The
101:1773
68:and
51:Type
2881:or
1194:):
844:in
549:in
246:).
234:or
214:of
4656::
3004:,
2999:,
2994:,
1748:^
1718:^
1684:^
1652:^
1628:^
1596:^
1575:^
1555:^
1541:^
1529:^
1497:^
1479:^
1467:^
1446:^
1417:^
1387:^
1371:^
1357:^
1316:^
1284:^
1137:.
866:,
753:.
697:.
674:.
625:.
542:.
538:de
515:pl
464:.
326:,
309:,
242::
195::
90:,
64:,
60:,
4259:e
4252:t
4245:v
3108:)
3104:(
3009:)
2990:(
2475:e
2468:t
2461:v
2314:e
2307:t
2300:v
2211:.
2192:.
2173:.
2154:.
2135:.
2115:.
2096:.
2074:.
2055:.
2036:.
2014:.
1995:.
1976:.
1950:.
1928:.
1906:.
1884:.
1858:.
1839:.
856:.
238:(
186:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
