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Earth) and the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, a pump system for feeding the fuel components, the optimal descent trajectory of the spacecraft while returning from space, etc. In the field of rocket propellants, Tsiolkovsky studied a large number of different oxidizers and combustible fuels and recommended specific pairings: liquid oxygen and hydrogen, and oxygen with hydrocarbons. Tsiolkovsky did much fruitful work on the creation of the theory of jet aircraft, and invented his chart Gas
Turbine Engine. In 1927, he published the theory and design of a train on an air cushion. He first proposed a "bottom of the retractable body" chassis. However, space flight and the airship were the main problems to which he devoted his life. Tsiolkovsky had been developing the idea of the
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the design of an airship with a metal sheath. Tsiolkovsky was not supported on the airship project, and the author was refused a grant to build the model. An appeal to the
General Aviation Staff of the Russian army also had no success. In 1892, he turned to the new and unexplored field of heavier-than-air aircraft. Tsiolkovsky's idea was to build an airplane with a metal frame. In the article "An Airplane or a Birdlike (Aircraft) Flying Machine" (1894) are descriptions and drawings of a monoplane, which in its appearance and aerodynamics anticipated the design of aircraft that would be constructed 15 to 18 years later. In an Aviation Airplane, the wings have a thick profile with a rounded front edge and the fuselage is
1700:(2005). In the same book the Russian astrophysicist Mikhail Martynov, says: “we Russians have always been drawn to the sun. Tsiolkovski himself, our great space visionary, drew on sun worship in some of his thinking, so it’s said.” Martynov refers to him as „father of Russian astronautics“, and at one time speculates „ No wonder that Tsiolkovski’s vision of humanity’s future in space had been full of sunlight; indeed, he had dreamed that ultimately humankind in space would evolve into a closed, photosynthesizing metabolic unit, needing nothing but sunlight to live. Some philosophers even regarded the whole of the Russian space program as nothing but a modern version of a solar-worshiping ritual.“ (Chap. 42, pp.293-4.)
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years earlier. Undaunted, he pressed ahead with his second work, "The
Mechanics of the Animal Organism". It received favorable feedback, and Tsiolkovsky was made a member of the Society. Tsiolkovsky's main works after 1884 dealt with four major areas: the scientific rationale for the all-metal balloon (airship), streamlined airplanes and trains, hovercraft, and rockets for interplanetary travel.
1015:. But work on the airplane, as well as on the airship, did not receive recognition from the official representatives of Russian science, and Tsiolkovsky's further research had neither monetary nor moral support. In 1914, he displayed his models of all-metal dirigibles at the Aeronautics Congress in St. Petersburg but met with a lukewarm response.
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evaluated the work needed to overcome the force of gravity, determined the speed needed to propel the device into the solar system ("escape velocity"), and examined calculation of flight time. The publication of this article made a splash in the scientific world, and
Tsiolkovsky found many friends among his fellow scientists.
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mechanical puppets, machines, movie characters", thereby adhering to a mechanical view of the universe, which he believed would be controlled in the millennia to come through the power of human science and industry. In a short article in 1933, he explicitly formulated what was later to be known as the
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Tsiolkovsky's first scientific study dates back to 1880–1881. He wrote a paper called "Theory of Gases," in which he outlined the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, but after submitting it to the
Russian Physico-Chemical Society (RPCS), he was informed that his discoveries had already been made 25
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Starting in 1896, Tsiolkovsky systematically studied the theory of motion of rocket apparatus. Thoughts on the use of the rocket principle in the cosmos were expressed by him as early as 1883, and a rigorous theory of rocket propulsion was developed in 1896. Tsiolkovsky derived the formula, which he
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Tsiolkovsky studied the mechanics of lighter-than-air powered flying machines. He first proposed the idea of an all-metal dirigible and built a model of it. The first printed work on the airship was "A Controllable
Metallic Balloon" (1892), in which he gave the scientific and technical rationale for
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Despite the youth's growing knowledge of physics, his father was concerned that he would not be able to provide for himself financially as an adult and brought him back home at the age of 19 after learning that he was overworking himself and going hungry. Afterwards, Tsiolkovsky passed the teacher's
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was erected to celebrate the achievements of the Soviet people in space exploration. Located in Moscow, the monument is 107 meters (350 feet) tall and covered with titanium cladding. The main part of the monument is a giant obelisk topped by a rocket and resembling in shape the exhaust plume of the
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by several decades, and some of what he foresaw in his imagination has come into being since his death. Tsiolkovsky also did not believe in traditional religious cosmology, but instead (and to the chagrin of the Soviet authorities) he believed in a cosmic being that governed humans as "marionettes,
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In 1926–1929, Tsiolkovsky solved the practical problem regarding the role played by rocket fuel in getting to escape velocity and leaving the Earth. He showed that the final speed of the rocket depends on the rate of gas flowing from it and on how the weight of the fuel relates to the weight of the
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The outward appearance of
Tsiolkovsky's spacecraft design, published in 1903, was a basis for modern spaceship design. The design had a hull divided into three main sections. The pilot and copilot would occupy the first section, while the second and third sections held the liquid oxygen and liquid
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and lost his hearing. When he was 13, his mother died. He was not admitted to elementary schools because of his hearing problem, so he was self-taught. As a reclusive home-schooled child, he passed much of his time by reading books and became interested in mathematics and physics. As a teenager, he
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In his late lifetime
Tsiolkovsky was honored for his pioneering work. However, from the mid-1920s onwards the importance of his other work was acknowledged, and he was honoured for it and the Soviet state provided financial backing for his research. He was initially popularized in Soviet Russia in
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Tsiolkovsky developed the first aerodynamics laboratory in Russia in his apartment. In 1897, he built the first
Russian wind tunnel with an open test section and developed a method of experimentation using it. In 1900, with a grant from the Academy of Sciences, he made a survey using models of the
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Tsiolkovsky stated that he developed the theory of rocketry only as a supplement to philosophical research on the subject. He wrote more than 400 works including approximately 90 published pieces on space travel and related subjects. Among his works are designs for rockets with steering thrusters,
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However, the result of the first publication was not what
Tsiolkovsky expected. No foreign scientists appreciated his research, which today is a major scientific discipline. In 1911, he published the second part of the work "Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices". Here Tsiolkovsky
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Tsiolkovsky conceived a number of ideas that have been later used in rockets. They include: gas rudders (graphite) for controlling a rocket's flight and changing the trajectory of its center of mass, the use of components of the fuel to cool the outer shell of the spacecraft (during re-entry to
1249:. In the article "Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices", it was suggested for the first time that a rocket could perform space flight. In this article and its sequels (1911 and 1914), he developed some ideas of missiles and considered the use of liquid rocket engines.
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The first two decades of the 20th century were marred by personal tragedy. Tsiolkovsky's son Ignaty committed suicide in 1902, and in 1908 many of his accumulated papers were lost in a flood. In 1911, his daughter Lyubov was arrested for engaging in revolutionary activities.
1007:, the father of modern aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Tsiolkovsky described the airflow around bodies of different geometric shapes, but because the RPCS did not provide any financial support for this project, he was forced to pay for it largely out of his own pocket.
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Disappointed at this, Tsiolkovsky gave up on space and aeronautical problems with the onset of World War I and instead turned his attention to the problem of alleviating poverty. This occupied his time during the war years until the Russian Revolution in 1917.
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In 1892, he was transferred to a new teaching post in Kaluga where he continued to experiment. During this period, Tsiolkovsky began working on a problem that would occupy much of his time during the coming years: an attempt to build an
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studied Tsiolkovsky's works as youths, and both sought to turn Tsiolkovsky's theories into reality. In particular, Korolev saw traveling to Mars as the more important priority, until in 1964 he decided to compete with the American
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simplest shapes and determined the drag coefficients of the sphere, flat plates, cylinders, cones, and other bodies. Tsiolkovsky's work in the field of aerodynamics was a source of ideas for Russian scientist
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After writing out this equation, Tsiolkovsky recorded the date: 10 May 1897. In the same year, the formula for the motion of a body of variable mass was published in the thesis of the Russian mathematician
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found a German translation of a book by Tsiolkovsky of which "almost every page...was embellished by von Braun's comments and notes." Leading Soviet rocket-engine designer
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1860:, The monograph was first published by the U.S.S.R. Academy of Science Publishing House in 1954 in the second volume of Tsiolkovsky`s Collected Works, (PDF), English.
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The USSR Academy of Sciences issued the golden table-top Tsiolkovsky Medal "For outstanding work in the field of interplanetary communications". It was awarded to
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Location of "Tsiolkovsky towers" noted in a story-related map, with several mentions in the book's body matter, including pp. 218, 368, 370, and others.
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Still, Tsiolkovsky supported the Bolshevik revolution, and eager to promote science and technology, the new Soviet government elected him a member of the
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Hearing problems did not prevent the scientist from having a good understanding of music, as outlined in his work "The Origin of Music and Its Essence."
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now bears his name. His residence during the final months of his life (also in Kaluga) was converted into a memorial museum a year after his death.
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. The collection of philosophical works. Biography, books, audiobooks, articles, photographs, video. Russian, English.
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He worked as a high school mathematics teacher until retiring in 1920 at the age of 63. In 1921, he received a lifetime pension.
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1844:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1926)
1837:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1914)
1830:“The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)” (1903)
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origin. His father was successively a forester, teacher, and minor government official. At the age of 9, Konstantin caught
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2275:"The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами)"
1971:. Aeronautics Learning Laboratory for Science Technology, and Research (ALLSTAR) Network. 12 March 2004. Archived from
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for exiting a spaceship into the vacuum of space, and closed-cycle biological systems to provide food and oxygen for
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Tsiolkovsky championed the idea of the diversity of life in the universe and was the first theorist and advocate of
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since 1921, publishing a fundamental paper on it in 1927, entitled "Air Resistance and the Express Train" (Russian:
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life turned out to be extremely difficult for Tsiolkovsky's family. Also, almost immediately after the revolution
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The text is an interview between Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky and Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, English.
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962:, a small town far from major learning centers, Tsiolkovsky managed to make scientific discoveries on his own.
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rocket. A statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the precursor of astronautics, is located in front of the obelisk.
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near Moscow. He also met and married his wife Varvara Sokolova during this time. Despite being stuck in
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around the Earth is 8,000 m/s (5 miles per second) and that this could be achieved by means of a
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The Red Stuff: A History of the Public and Material Culture of Early Human Spaceflight in the U.S.S.R
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1692:"Tsiolkovski" is the name given to an underground facility in a huge Farside crater on the Moon in
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There is a 1 ruble 1987 coin commemorating the 130th anniversary of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's birth.
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2760:(print), Horus Heresy [book series], vol. 9, Map by Adrian Wood (1st UK ed.),
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would lead to the perfection of the human species, with immortality and a carefree existence.
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Virtual Matchbox Labels Museum – Russian labels – Space – Page 2 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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1944:"International Space Hall of Fame: New Mexico Museum of Space History: Inductee Profile"
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2612:, Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, archived from
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State Corporation for Space Activities, it replaced the Tsiolkovsky badge with the
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Tsiolkovsky was consulted for the script to the 1936 Soviet science-fiction film,
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was named after his wife. (The Soviet Union obtained naming rights by operating
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by nature, his unusual habits made him seem bizarre to his fellow townsfolk.
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The Red Rockets' Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857–1957
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Tsiolkovsky influenced later rocket scientists throughout Europe, like
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2408:(in Russian), Neptune Hovercraft Shipbuilding Company, archived from
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features a city and space station named with Tsiolkovsky's initials.
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Konstantin Tsiolkovsky with his steel dirigibles in his garden, 1913
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The Foundations of the Space Age: The Life and Work of Tsiolkovskiy
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Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974
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2698:(37 ed.). United States: Krause Publications. p. 1758.
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There is a statue of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky directly outside the
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Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
1746:“Beings of Different Evolutionary Stages of the Universe” (1902)
2179:"How a Russian Scientist's Sci-Fi Genius Made Sputnik Possible"
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5 September] 1857 – 19 September 1935) was a Russian
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Red Cosmos: K.E. Tsiolkovskii, Grandfather of Soviet Rocketry
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2217:. Informatics.org (19 September 1935). Retrieved 4 May 2012.
2120:"Deaf astronomers John Goodricke and Konstantin Tsiolkowski"
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by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, 1928, considered to be a work of
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Tsiolkovski: The Cosmic Scientist and His Cosmic Philosophy
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The Path to the Stars: Collection of Science Fiction Works
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The life of Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky 1857–1935
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These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
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The Tsiolkovsky Memorial Apartment. A museum created in
1207:{\displaystyle \Delta v=v_{e}\ln {\frac {m_{0}}{m_{f}}}}
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where he lived and had started his career as a teacher.
2229:"Космическая философия К.Э. Циолковского: за и против"
1873:, a Russian monument park where Tsiolkovsky is honored
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After the Federal Space Agency was reformed into the
1590:(«Федеральное космическое агентство») instituted the
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began to contemplate the possibility of space travel.
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Exploration of Outer Space by Means of Rocket Devices
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His most important work, published in May 1903, was
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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1767:“Planets are Inhabited by Living Creatures” (1933)
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1419:The Will of the Universe: The Unknown Intelligence
1407:The Will of the Universe: The Unknown Intelligence
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777:[kənstɐnʲˈtʲinɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕtsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj]
30:"Tsiolkovsky" redirects here. For other uses, see
2895:Spaceflight or Extinction: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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1548:There is a Tsiolkovsky exhibit on display at the
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1457:Draft first space ship by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
1296:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in his working room, 1934
2582:The Life of Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky
1851:“The Path to the Stars (Путь к звездам)” (1966)
1560:Awards and decorations dedicated to Tsiolkovsky
1421:in 1928 in which he propounded a philosophy of
1023:called the "formula of aviation", now known as
3299:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
3284:People from Spassky Uyezd (Ryazan Governorate)
2696:2010 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000
2609:Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky Scientific Biography
2462:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 62–65,
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1858:“The Call of the Cosmos (Зов Космоса)” (1960)
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2636:. Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
2095:"Константин Циолковский. Биография, 18 фото"
3279:People from Spassky District, Ryazan Oblast
2516:Lytkin, V.; Finney, B.; Alepko, L. (1995).
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2150:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
1472:State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
1385:In 1989, Tsiolkovsky was inducted into the
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2897:Excerpts from "The Aims of Astronautics",
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2037:. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest LLC. pp. 57–59.
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1577:, A.G. Nikolaev and many other cosmonauts.
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1387:International Air & Space Hall of Fame
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2670:"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's 155th birthday"
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1877:History of the internal combustion engine
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1996:"Part I: Early History Of The Space Age"
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1464:The Monument to the Conquerors of Space
1425:. He believed humans would eventually
390:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
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2841:S. P. Korolyov and Space: First steps
2732:"The Bootleg Files: The Space Voyage"
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1279:Сопротивление воздуха и скорый по́езд
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722:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
2647:"The Tsiolkovsky Memorial Apartment"
2456:Siddiqi, Asif A (26 February 2010),
2379:Gillispie, Charles Coulston (1980),
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1802:“Living Beings in the Cosmos” (1895)
2839:Georgiy Stepanovich Vetrov (1994).
2432:"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Slept Here"
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2273:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E. (1903),
2196:
1915:
1795:“Non-Resistance or Struggle” (1935)
883:faith who relocated to Russia; his
24:
2962:
2823:, Texas A&M University Press,
2812:
2381:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1155:
1038:
763:Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky
25:
3375:
2859:
1903:Timeline of hydrogen technologies
1816:“The Will of the Universe” (1928)
1732:“Citizens of the Universe” (1933)
1689:is called "Tsiolkovsky's Prayer".
1341:1931–1932 mainly by two writers:
930:. He is considered the father of
768:Константин Эдуардович Циолковский
3359:Russian people with disabilities
3329:Russian people of Polish descent
3226:
3214:
3202:
3001:
2786:
2556:"Scientific Ethics (in Russian)"
2281:(in Russian) (5), archived from
1417:Tsiolkovsky wrote a book called
1391:San Diego Air & Space Museum
176:
79:
3354:Soviet people with disabilities
3339:Russian science fiction writers
3334:Russian people of Tatar descent
2879:The house museum of Tsiolkovsky
2746:
2723:
2712:
2687:
2662:
2627:
2600:
2573:
2547:
2509:
2502:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin (1932)
2496:
2481:Sprekelmeyer, Linda ed. (2006)
2475:
2430:Zak, Anatoly (September 2002).
2423:
2396:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2266:
2247:
2220:
2170:
1722:Illustration by A. Gofman from
1532:Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium
869:Spassky District, Ryazan Oblast
2797:. Krieger Publishing Company.
2518:"1995QJRAS..36..369L Page 369"
2177:Blitz, Matt (4 October 2017).
2112:
2087:
2075:
2057:A Pictorial History of Rockets
2048:
2025:
1961:
1936:
1823:“On the Moon (На Луне)” (1893)
1774:“The Cosmic Philosophy” (1935)
1264:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1934
1031:change in the rocket's speed (
13:
1:
2758:Mechanicum: war comes to Mars
2031:Lewis, Cathleen Susan. 2008.
1788:“Evaluation of People” (1934)
1550:Museum of Jurassic Technology
1509:) was named after him, while
1427:colonize the Milky Way galaxy
1310:
851:
144:Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation
39:Eastern Slavic naming customs
27:Russian scientist (1857–1935)
3349:Scientists with disabilities
3274:Early spaceflight scientists
1908:
1856:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1849:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1842:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1835:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1828:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1821:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1814:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1809:“The Animal of Space” (1929)
1807:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1800:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1793:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1786:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1779:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1772:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1765:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1758:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1751:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1744:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1737:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1730:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.,
1545:honoring the famous pioneer.
208:Soviet crewed lunar programs
32:Tsiolkovsky (disambiguation)
7:
3314:Russian aerospace engineers
2871:“The Theory of Cosmic Eras”
2792:
2719:Медаль им.Циолковского К.Э.
2694:Cuhaj, George, ed. (2009).
2634:Soviet Missions to the Moon
2506:Russian Academy of Sciences
2405:Air Cushion Vehicle History
2366:
2354:
2342:
2082:Земной путь звездоплавателя
1969:"Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky"
1864:
1760:“Are There Spirits?” (1932)
1686:Denpa Onna to Seishun Otoko
1552:in Los Angeles, California.
1448:
1429:. His thought preceded the
1287:Космические ракетные поезда
1025:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
812:. His works later inspired
10:
3380:
3344:Soviet aerospace engineers
3289:Philosophers of technology
3018:Electromagnetic propulsion
2819:Andrews, James T. (2009),
2730:Hall, Phil (9 July 2010).
2485:. Donning Co. Publishers.
2254:Tsiolkovsky and his legacy
2227:Kazyutinski V. V. (2003).
1924:Mikhail S. Arlazorov,
1781:“Conditional Truth” (1933)
1664:in the Horus Heresy novel
418:Expendable launch vehicles
224:Human spaceflight programs
98:5 September] 1857
37:In this name that follows
36:
29:
3167:
3141:
3110:
3089:
3053:
3010:
2999:
2970:
2554:Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin.
1582:its own Tsiolkovsky Medal
1365:. Soviet search teams at
1356:
1286:
1278:
1230:
788:; 17 September [
767:
175:
170:
166:
156:
149:
139:
120:
90:
78:
71:
64:
3043:Momentum exchange tether
2891:from Russianspaceweb.com
2147:Narins, Brigham (2001),
1753:“Is There a God?” (1932)
1713:
1698:Sunstorm: A Time Odyssey
1538:, Queensland, Australia.
1047:{\displaystyle \Delta v}
856:Tsiolkovsky was born in
3304:Rocket science pioneers
2239:: 43–54. Archived from
1931:Encyclopædia Britannica
1882:Robert Esnault-Pelterie
1636:Science-fiction writer
1443:negative utilitarianism
970:Scientific achievements
94:17 September [
3249:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
3172:Non-rocket spacelaunch
3133:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
2928:The Call of the Cosmos
2899:The Call of the Cosmos
2263:on russianspaceweb.com
1926:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
1726:
1481:The town Uglegorsk in
1458:
1414:
1405:The cover of the book
1297:
1265:
1208:
1138:
1111:
1081:
1048:
950:
622:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
73:Константин Циолковский
66:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
3182:Megascale engineering
2912:by Daniel H. Shubin.
1994:Emme, Eugene (1966).
1948:www.nmspacemuseum.org
1721:
1703:In a 2015 episode of
1609:K.E.Tsiolkovsky badge
1456:
1404:
1295:
1263:
1209:
1139:
1137:{\displaystyle m_{f}}
1112:
1110:{\displaystyle m_{0}}
1082:
1080:{\displaystyle v_{e}}
1049:
975:multistage boosters,
948:
667:Konstantin Feoktistov
652:Alexander Kemurdzhian
3097:List of competitions
3066:Lunar space elevator
2793:Miller, Ron (1993).
2436:Smithsonian Magazine
2259:22 June 2011 at the
2243:on 11 February 2007.
2213:15 June 2012 at the
1898:Soviet space program
1588:Federal Space Agency
1373:and rocket designer
1152:
1144:) mass of the rocket
1121:
1094:
1064:
1035:
838:on the outskirts of
829:Soviet space program
657:Valentina Tereshkova
199:Soviet space program
2877:Tsiolkovsky's house
2616:on 7 September 2008
2534:1995QJRAS..36..369L
2000:Aerospace Historian
1493:President of Russia
1327:for several weeks.
1283:Space Rocket Trains
997:all-metal dirigible
816:and leading Soviet
672:Mikhail Tikhonravov
385:Astron (spacecraft)
266:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
85:Tsiolkovsky in 1924
3364:Russian scientists
3123:Bradley C. Edwards
2795:The Dream Machines
2285:on 19 October 2008
2279:The Science Review
1975:on 28 October 2015
1893:Russian philosophy
1811:, (PDF), English.
1797:, (PDF), English.
1790:, (PDF), English.
1769:, (PDF), English.
1748:, (PDF), English.
1727:
1622:In popular culture
1514:1590 Tsiolkovskaja
1459:
1415:
1397:Philosophical work
1323:jailed him in the
1317:October Revolution
1298:
1266:
1204:
1134:
1107:
1077:
1044:
951:
193:of articles on the
161:Astronautic theory
113:Ryazan Governorate
3324:Russian inventors
3309:Rocket scientists
3221:Space exploration
3190:
3189:
2830:978-1-60344-168-1
2775:978-1-84416-664-0
2705:978-0-89689-814-1
2561:. Tsiolkovsky.org
2491:978-1-57864-397-4
2412:on 2 October 2008
2332:on 8 October 2006
2318:Siddiqi, Asif A,
2233:Земля и Вселенная
2183:Popular Mechanics
2063:. NASA. p. 4
1846:. (PDF), Russian.
1839:. (PDF), Russian.
1832:. (PDF), Russian.
1818:, (PDF), English.
1804:, (PDF), English.
1783:, (PDF), English.
1776:, (PDF), English.
1762:, (PDF), English.
1755:, (PDF), English.
1741:, (PDF), English.
1734:, (PDF), English.
1706:Murdoch Mysteries
1683:Episode eight of
1638:Alexander Belyaev
1630:Kosmicheskiy reys
1592:Tsiolkovsky badge
1363:Wernher von Braun
1332:Socialist Academy
1302:human spaceflight
1239:multistage rocket
1220:I. V. Meshchersky
1202:
1005:Nikolay Zhukovsky
928:rocket propulsion
814:Wernher von Braun
806:Robert H. Goddard
760:
759:
687:Vladimir Chelomey
255:
184:
183:
151:Scientific career
124:19 September 1935
16:(Redirected from
3371:
3319:Russian atheists
3231:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3149:KC Space Pirates
3054:Related concepts
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1694:Arthur C. Clarke
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1078:
1076:
1075:
1058:exhaust velocity
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
917:colonizing space
913:Nikolai Fyodorov
905:a Moscow library
885:Russian Orthodox
866:
825:Valentin Glushko
818:rocket engineers
794:rocket scientist
787:
786:
785:
779:
774:
770:
769:
752:
745:
738:
682:Valentin Glushko
632:Mstislav Keldysh
627:Friedrich Zander
365:Lunokhod program
253:
186:
185:
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115:, Russian Empire
110:
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3118:Yuri Artsutanov
3106:
3085:
3049:
3028:Carbon nanotube
3006:
2997:
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2961:
2885:Historic images
2862:
2831:
2815:
2813:Further reading
2805:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2754:McNeill, Graham
2751:
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2590:
2589:on 15 June 2012
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2514:
2510:
2504:"Is There God?"
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2297:
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2271:
2267:
2261:Wayback Machine
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2215:Wayback Machine
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2084:. melnikoff.com
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1978:
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1952:
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1911:
1888:Russian cosmism
1867:
1716:
1662:space elevators
1645:
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1399:
1359:
1325:Lubyanka prison
1313:
1247:liquid hydrogen
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1060:of the engine (
1036:
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909:Russian cosmism
860:
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616:Notable figures
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320:Sputnik program
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3269:Early rocketry
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3159:LiftPort Group
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3128:Jerome Pearson
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3081:Space fountain
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3033:Nanotechnology
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2964:Space elevator
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2918:978-1365259814
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2860:External links
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1382:for the Moon.
1380:Project Apollo
1375:Sergey Korolev
1358:
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1351:stomach cancer
1343:Yakov Perelman
1312:
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1269:empty rocket.
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936:space elevator
881:Roman Catholic
873:Russian Empire
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850:
821:Sergei Korolev
802:Hermann Oberth
796:who pioneered
765:(Russian:
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3142:Organizations
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3102:Elevator:2010
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3023:Counterweight
3021:
3019:
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3009:
3004:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2984:
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2973:
2971:Main articles
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2853:5-02-000214-3
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2826:
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2817:
2816:
2806:
2804:0-89464-039-9
2800:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2787:Cited sources
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:Black Library
2763:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2734:. Film Threat
2733:
2726:
2720:
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2390:0-684-12925-6
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2209:
2204:
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2200:
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2173:
2166:
2164:0-7876-5454-X
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2125:
2124:www.rmg.co.uk
2121:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2043:9780549466796
2040:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1927:
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1708:
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1702:
1699:
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1687:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:Warhammer 40k
1674:, set in the
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1632:
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1598:
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1585:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:Google Doodle
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
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1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1436:Fermi paradox
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:Nikolai Rynin
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1284:
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1270:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:liquid oxygen
1240:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1129:
1125:
1117:) and final (
1102:
1098:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1020:
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986:
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943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
898:
897:scarlet fever
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
864:
859:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:. Along with
799:
795:
791:
784:
778:
764:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
733:
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730:
723:
720:
719:
716:
711:
710:
703:
702:Boris Chertok
700:
698:
697:Vasily Mishin
695:
693:
692:Kerim Kerimov
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
662:Alexei Leonov
660:
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82:
77:
70:
63:
60:
56:
52:
49: and the
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3132:
3090:Competitions
3071:Orbital ring
3038:Space tether
3011:Technologies
2978:Construction
2898:
2840:
2820:
2794:
2757:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2725:
2714:
2695:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2651:. Retrieved
2649:(in Russian)
2641:
2629:
2620:22 September
2618:, retrieved
2614:the original
2608:
2602:
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2591:, retrieved
2587:the original
2581:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2525:
2521:
2511:
2498:
2482:
2477:
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2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2425:
2416:22 September
2414:, retrieved
2410:the original
2404:
2398:
2380:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2330:the original
2320:
2289:22 September
2287:, retrieved
2283:the original
2278:
2268:
2249:
2241:the original
2236:
2232:
2222:
2186:. Retrieved
2182:
2172:
2149:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2056:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2003:
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1929:
1723:
1704:
1697:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1641:
1628:
1586:The Russian
1575:German Titov
1571:Yuri Gagarin
1503:Tsiolkovskiy
1486:
1485:was renamed
1440:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1384:
1360:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1314:
1306:
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1224:
1216:
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1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
989:
973:
964:
952:
940:Eiffel Tower
921:
902:
879:forester of
855:
848:
833:
810:astronautics
798:astronautics
762:
761:
647:Yuri Gagarin
621:
550:Soyuz/Vostok
405:Vega program
370:Mars program
360:Zond program
355:Luna program
313:Space probes
278:(Mars flyby)
251:Apollo–Soyuz
213:Luna program
150:
126:(1935-09-19)
59:
54:
46:
3259:1935 deaths
3254:1857 births
3233:Spaceflight
3177:Spaceflight
3154:LaserMotive
3061:Launch loop
2889:Tsiolkovsky
2653:17 December
2565:20 December
2441:20 February
2188:1 September
1724:On the Moon
1646: [
1612: [
1595: [
1541:There is a
1501:The crater
1488:Tsiolkovsky
1483:Amur Oblast
1423:panpsychism
932:spaceflight
924:Jules Verne
889:Volga Tatar
861: [
105: [
55:Tsiolkovsky
51:family name
47:Eduardovich
18:Tsiolkovsky
3243:Categories
2993:In fiction
2679:15 January
2129:25 October
2067:3 February
2006:(13): 77.
1667:Mechanicum
1413:philosophy
1367:Peenemünde
1315:After the
1311:Later life
1285:(Russian:
1275:hovercraft
1241:fueled by
1229:(Russian:
942:in Paris.
911:proponent
871:), in the
858:Izhevskoye
852:Early life
715:Cosmonauts
102:Izhevskoye
43:patronymic
2983:Economics
2155:2256–2258
2104:10 August
2017:6 January
1953:10 August
1909:Citations
1643:KETs Star
1640:'s novel
1605:Roscosmos
1462:In 1964,
1431:Space Age
1334:in 1918.
1178:
1156:Δ
1090:initial (
1039:Δ
836:log house
430:Molniya-M
425:Kosmos-3M
171:Signature
3264:Cosmists
3209:Aviation
2756:(2008),
2257:Archived
2211:Archived
2012:44524448
1865:See also
1536:Brisbane
1511:asteroid
1498:in 2015.
1449:Tributes
981:airlocks
907:, where
867:(now in
395:RELIKT-1
191:a series
189:Part of
3195:Portals
3076:Skyhook
2738:12 July
2530:Bibcode
2528:: 369.
2369:, p. 96
2357:, p. 95
2345:, p. 88
1979:10 June
1928:at the
1660:-based
1525:Borovsk
1411:Cosmist
1389:at the
956:Borovsk
893:Russian
844:recluse
592:Tsyklon
560:Voskhod
555:Sputnik
518:Molniya
471:Energia
340:Molniya
335:GLONASS
296:Energia
254:(joint)
236:Voskhod
3111:People
2988:Safety
2916:
2851:
2835:Review
2827:
2801:
2772:
2702:
2539:14 May
2489:
2466:
2387:
2367:Miller
2355:Miller
2343:Miller
2161:
2041:
2010:
1518:Luna 3
1476:Kaluga
1357:Legacy
1013:faired
960:Kaluga
877:Polish
840:Kaluga
565:Vostok
523:Polyot
476:Kosmos
435:Proton
400:Venera
345:Meteor
325:Kosmos
282:Spiral
246:Salyut
231:Vostok
157:Fields
132:Kaluga
41:, the
2845:Nauka
2843:. M.
2559:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2008:JSTOR
1714:Works
1650:]
1616:]
1599:]
1321:Cheka
1235:orbit
865:]
642:Laika
528:Soyuz
459:Zenit
447:Soyuz
350:Zenit
300:Buran
287:Almaz
270:N1-L3
241:Soyuz
109:]
2914:ISBN
2849:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2799:ISBN
2770:ISBN
2740:2010
2700:ISBN
2681:2017
2655:2022
2622:2008
2595:2008
2567:2022
2541:2022
2487:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2443:2024
2418:2008
2385:ISBN
2326:NASA
2291:2008
2190:2022
2159:ISBN
2131:2022
2106:2017
2069:2024
2039:ISBN
2019:2024
1981:2015
1955:2017
1658:Mars
1656:The
1507:Moon
1470:The
1345:and
1245:and
891:and
823:and
804:and
790:O.S.
773:IPA:
513:Luna
330:Bion
264:Zond
121:Died
96:O.S.
91:Born
1670:by
1534:in
1491:by
1474:in
1289:).
508:R-7
291:TKS
276:TMK
259:Mir
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2122:.
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1917:^
1648:ru
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