448:
589:
2448:
404:
241:
2581:
2371:
535:
28:
607:
571:
553:
2569:
2435:
163:
392:
original naturalisation certificate, Turkish birth certificate, document attesting to completion of military service (for males), marriage certificate (if applicable) and four photographs. Dual nationals are not required to use a
Turkish passport to enter and leave Turkey; it is permitted to travel with a valid foreign passport (or national ID card for some nationals) and the Turkish National ID card.
84:
356:
Additionally, the applicant and those family members to be included in the application (children under 18 and the spouse of the applicant can be included) must have a clear criminal background that will be checked by the internal authorities within the
Ministry of Interior although a clean-background
360:
Applicants must submit documents issued in their name that shows their name and surname, the names of their father and mother, city of their birth, date of their birth, their identification/passport numbers, their marital status (marriage books if married, documents if divorced or widowed) and other
200:
Loss of citizenship in Turkey may occur under
Article 31 (Cancellation) where the national in question has misrepresented or concealed essential information in regards to his acquisition of Turkish nationality, Turkish nationality also may be revoked (Article 29) or renounced (Article 25), under the
383:
The laws of Turkey provide for acquisition of
Turkish citizenship based on one's descent—by birth to a Turkish citizen parent (or parents) in Turkey and also by birth abroad to a Turkish citizen parent (or parents)—regardless of the other nationalities a person might acquire at birth. Children born
179:
A child adopted by a
Turkish citizen automatically becomes a Turkish citizen if under 18 years old on the date the application for adoption was made. In some cases (although it is not required), those who have foreign names and are applying for Turkish citizenship change their name to a Turkish
391:
While recognizing the existence of dual nationality and permitting
Turkish citizens to have other nationalities, the Turkish government requires that those who apply for another nationality inform the relevant Turkish authority (the nearest Turkish embassy or consulate abroad) and provide the
342:
Bought at least $ 500,000 or equivalent foreign currency or
Turkish lira worth of real estate investment fund share or venture capital investment fund share with the condition that they cannot be sold for at least three years, as attested by the Capital Markets Board of
115:
citizens from birth. The intention to renounce
Turkish citizenship (or acquire citizenship from another state) is submitted in Turkey by a petition to the highest administrative official in the concerned person's place of residence, and when overseas to the
388:. The automatic acquisition (or retention) of a foreign nationality does not affect Turkish citizenship. Turkish laws have no provisions requiring citizens who are born with dual nationality to choose one nationality over the other when they become adults.
368:
The investment made and claimed by the foreign national is monitored and confirmed by the relevant government authority. Once the investment is confirmed by the relevant governmental authority, the foreign national is granted
Turkish citizenship.
487:
327:
Acquired a property worth a minimum of $ 400,000 or equivalent foreign currency or
Turkish lira with a title deed restriction on its resale for at least three years, as attested by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation and Climate
334:
Deposited at least $ 500,000 or equivalent foreign currency or Turkish lira in banks operating in Turkey with the condition not to withdraw the same for at least three years, as attested by the Banking Regulation and Supervision
910:, Congressional Research Service, October 27, 2021. Chile and Croatia were not listed as road map countries in 2007 but were later admitted to the VWP, while Turkey was listed in 2007 and sorted as an aspiring country on page 5.
364:
The Turkish Citizenship by Investment Program does not have a pre-approval system that many Caribbean citizenship programs have but also the program's application requirements are easier and approval ratings are higher.
308:
Following a successful application, the naturalised spouse may retain their Turkish citizenship if the marriage should subsequently be dissolved, so long as both partners had entered into the marriage in good faith.
338:
Bought at least $ 500,000 or equivalent foreign currency or Turkish lira worth of government bonds with the condition that they cannot be sold for at least three years, as attested by the Ministry of Treasury and
635:
Citizens of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are also entitled to become citizens of Turkey if they wish and apply to do so. They are exempt from the above criteria. The only criterion is that they are born
232:), which gives them some citizens' rights back, e.g. the right to live and work in Turkey, the right to possess land or the right to inherit. Excluded from this "Citizenship lite" is the right to vote.
294:
A foreign national who has been married to a Turkish citizen for three years and is still married to that partner may apply for naturalization under a different set of conditions:
346:
The most іmроrtаnt provisions of this law are that all financial trаnѕасtіоnѕ for the рurсhаѕе of property through Turkish bаnkѕ, and cannot accept trаnѕасtіоnѕ ѕuсh as cash.
1721:
1626:
479:
As of 2024, Turkish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 118 countries and territories, ranking the Turkish passport 52nd in the world according to the
1636:
1454:
632:, to enable them to travel freely, as this country is generally not recognized and the local passports are not accepted as valid travel documents in some countries.
2504:
1761:
216:
Former Turkish citizens who were forced to give up their Turkish citizenship (for example, because they have naturalized in a country that usually does not permit
720:
1751:
802:
324:
Made a minimum fixed capital investment of USD $ 500,000 or equivalent foreign currency or Turkish lira, as attested by the Ministry of Industry and Technology,
395:
Since not all countries allow dual citizenship, Turks must sometimes give up their Turkish citizenship in order to naturalise as citizens of another country.
384:
in Turkey to foreign citizens do not have a claim to Turkish citizenship, unless one of the parents is also a Turkish citizen or the child would otherwise be
317:
Since 18 September 2018, Law No 5901 disposes that foreign citizens investing in Turkey will be granted the right to apply for Turkish citizenship.
2409:
1090:
1396:
827:
890:
2140:
2136:
1441:
1000:
154:
Recourse to the courts in appeal against the decisions and proceedings related to the deprivation of citizenship, shall not be denied.
2438:
166:
1450:
514:
in lieu of a Turkish passport to travel to the following countries under bilateral agreements that have been concluded between the
2495:
1982:
1426:
1328:
1255:
196:
There are three different states of loss of citizenship in Turkey. They are either: cancellation, revocation, or renunciation.
2144:
969:
784:
760:
2402:
148:
Citizenship can be acquired under the conditions stipulated by law, and shall be forfeited only in cases determined by law.
1295:
629:
480:
2012:
1681:
1368:
2188:
2107:
1778:
35:
2607:
2536:
2456:
2395:
2235:
2117:
1876:
1230:
1070:
151:
No Turk shall be deprived of citizenship, unless he/she commits an act incompatible with loyalty to the homeland.
2521:
2500:
1265:
1245:
1145:
993:
828:"2024 Changes and Key Amendments to Turkish Citizenship Applications and Residence Permit Applications in 2024"
298:
Residence with the Turkish spouse (exceptions granted if the Turkish spouse dies after application is lodged),
2132:
1696:
1581:
1446:
1260:
1105:
649:
121:
117:
2002:
361:
main details about themselves. Financial declarations nor criminal background check documents are required.
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2447:
2353:
1706:
1666:
1431:
1065:
494:. However the European Union is planning to introduce visa free travel for Turkish citizens as well as the
2526:
2223:
2178:
2097:
2092:
2072:
2017:
2007:
1972:
1701:
1621:
1556:
1353:
1240:
1190:
1060:
447:
2552:
2173:
2150:
2087:
2067:
2027:
1911:
1886:
1881:
1711:
1686:
1591:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1436:
1421:
1416:
1391:
1373:
1305:
1235:
1205:
1095:
352:
According to the аmеndеd law, the property саnnоt be sold durіng the fіrѕt thrее уеаrѕ of the рurсhаѕе.
331:
Created jobs for at least 50 people, as attested by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services,
2042:
1926:
1901:
1856:
1851:
1801:
1726:
1676:
1651:
1646:
1616:
1571:
1561:
1521:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1386:
1363:
1338:
1275:
1195:
1120:
1085:
1055:
1050:
1045:
986:
291:
Meeting these conditions does not give a foreign national an absolute right to Turkish citizenship.
2531:
2374:
2127:
1997:
1987:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1916:
1826:
1806:
1791:
1641:
1611:
1566:
1551:
1511:
1501:
1476:
1406:
1401:
1348:
1343:
1333:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1200:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1080:
1040:
1030:
852:
2102:
2082:
2047:
2032:
2022:
1992:
1936:
1931:
1891:
1871:
1866:
1831:
1811:
1796:
1746:
1741:
1656:
1631:
1606:
1596:
1576:
1486:
1411:
1300:
1290:
1225:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1075:
1035:
2418:
2340:
2122:
2112:
2077:
1977:
1921:
1906:
1841:
1836:
1821:
1716:
1691:
1661:
1586:
1546:
1378:
1250:
1185:
1170:
1155:
133:
258:
as defined by the laws of the applicant's country of origin or those of Turkey in the case of
2183:
1941:
1896:
1861:
1846:
1816:
1671:
1601:
1358:
511:
87:
320:
Foreigners who meet any of the following criteria may be eligible for Turkish citizenship:
2304:
2277:
2168:
1731:
515:
181:
67:
8:
2294:
2213:
1756:
499:
403:
944:
803:"Amendments Ease Access to Turkish Citizenship for Foreign Investors - Invest in Turkey"
2193:
907:
265:
Residence in Turkey for an uninterrupted period of five years prior to the application,
225:
211:
876:
2335:
2287:
965:
908:
Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: Effects on National Security and Tourism
558:
284:
Sufficient income for his or her own livelihood and that of any dependants in Turkey,
251:
A foreign national may apply for naturalization if the following conditions are met:
736:
697:
628:
Turkey also provides a special sort of "passport for foreigners" to citizens of the
185:
2218:
654:
637:
451:
Visa requirements for holders of Turkish special, service and diplomatic passports
377:
278:
245:
217:
807:
www.invest.gov.tr/en/investmentguide/pages/acquiring-property-and-citizenship.aspx
2585:
2299:
1009:
594:
255:
349:
It is also nоt possible to buy a property from any foreign реrѕоn (non-Turkish).
2330:
2230:
491:
108:
142:
Everyone bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship is a Turk.
2601:
2573:
2360:
2309:
2241:
1783:
943:
Sozuer, Adem; Yasar, H. Nuri; Tarhanli, Turgut; Narli, Nilufer (April 2005).
495:
385:
259:
104:
99:
462: Visa not required for special, service and diplomatic passport holders
2256:
205:
2387:
2314:
2272:
925:
540:
46:
83:
180:
name. Examples of people who have done this include football players
2282:
2248:
978:
505:
240:
27:
2434:
962:
Islam, Secularism and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who Is A Turk?
721:
From Bury to Brazil, the rise of a boy called Colin Kazim-Richards
162:
612:
576:
490:
whose citizens are still required visas for their travels to the
221:
120:. Documents processed by these authorities are forwarded to the
2421:
112:
891:"EU official: Visa-free travel for Turkish citizens is near"
407:
Visa requirements for holders of Turkish ordinary passports
964:. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern History. Routledge.
498:
lists Turkey as an aspiring country for inclusion to the
398:
942:
268:
Intention to settle in Turkey and demonstration thereof,
468: Visa not required for diplomatic passport holders
623:
853:"Turkey Citizenship by Investment and Passport Guide"
2599:
506:International travel using Turkish identity card
640:, i.e., of a Turkish Cypriot mother or father.
304:No threat to national security or public order.
287:No threat to national security or public order.
436: Visa available both on arrival or online
201:Turkish Citizenship Law (No: 12/6/2009 27256).
169:., Article 66 (as amended on October 17, 2001)
2403:
994:
672:
670:
518:and governments of the respective countries:
206:The Blue Card as a form of "Citizenship lite"
2141:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
312:
132:Citizenship is defined in Article 66 of the
127:
2417:
2410:
2396:
1001:
987:
667:
301:Absence of acts jeopardising the marriage,
26:
850:
959:
446:
402:
239:
145:The child of a Turkish parent is a Turk.
82:
825:
731:
729:
97:is based primarily on the principle of
55:An act relating to Turkish citizenship
2600:
2439:Constitution of the Republic of Turkey
723:Times Online. Retrieved on 2009-04-13.
676:Only if arriving directly from Turkey.
399:Visa requirements for Turkish citizens
191:
2391:
982:
1008:
945:"Türkiye'nin ulusal kimlik meselesi"
785:"ACQUIRING PROPERTY AND CITIZENSHIP"
761:"ACQUIRING PROPERTY AND CITIZENSHIP"
726:
510:Turkish citizens can also use their
630:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
624:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
372:
111:father (in or out of marriage) are
13:
936:
789:ACQUIRING PROPERTY AND CITIZENSHIP
14:
2619:
917:
235:
36:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
2580:
2579:
2567:
2537:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
2446:
2433:
2370:
2369:
1091:Democratic Republic of the Congo
605:
587:
569:
551:
533:
161:
2236:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
901:
883:
492:European Union member countries
2073:Federated States of Micronesia
1437:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
960:Çağaptay, Soner (2005-12-15).
869:
851:Damsgaard, Mark (2024-02-02).
844:
819:
795:
777:
753:
714:
690:
1:
826:Kurucuk, Özgür (2024-01-09).
683:
650:Turkish Identification Number
122:Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
103:. Children who are born to a
2354:British Overseas Territories
380:is possible in Turkish law.
7:
2224:Renunciation of citizenship
643:
357:document is not necessary.
174:
10:
2624:
209:
2561:
2545:
2514:
2488:
2455:
2444:
2428:
2349:
2323:
2265:
2206:
2159:
2060:
1950:
1777:
1770:
1539:
1464:
1321:
1314:
1023:
1016:
949:Hukuki Perspektif Dergisi
877:"Global Passport Ranking"
737:"Turkish Citizenship Law"
698:"Turkish Citizenship Law"
523:
313:Citizenship by Investment
271:No risk to public health,
128:Definition of citizenship
73:
63:
41:
34:
25:
20:
1071:Central African Republic
832:Kurucuk & Associates
660:
456: Republic of Turkey
412: Republic of Turkey
277:Adequate command of the
124:for appropriate action.
2608:Turkish nationality law
2169:Commonwealth of Nations
418: Visa not required
95:Turkish nationality law
21:Turkish Citizenship Act
1983:Bosnia and Herzegovina
857:Global Residence Index
476:
444:
248:
172:
91:
2366:Partially recognized.
1231:São Tomé and Príncipe
481:Henley Passport Index
450:
424: Visa on arrival
406:
274:Good moral character,
243:
138:
88:Turkish identity card
86:
2522:Constitutional Court
2501:Constitutional Court
2305:Second-class citizen
2278:Multiple citizenship
1747:United Arab Emirates
1381:(Kingdom of Denmark)
488:EU candidate country
224:) can apply for the
182:Colin Kazim-Richards
134:Turkish constitution
68:Government of Turkey
2295:Permanent residency
2214:Loss of citizenship
2189:Caribbean Community
1442:Trinidad and Tobago
1427:St. Kitts and Nevis
1329:Antigua and Barbuda
897:. 29 November 2017.
500:Visa Waiver Program
486:Turkey is the only
474: Visa required
442: Visa required
244:Cover of biometric
192:Loss of citizenship
77:Current legislation
2527:Court of Cassation
1369:Dominican Republic
765:www.invest.gov.tr/
516:Turkish Government
477:
445:
249:
212:Blue Card (Turkey)
92:
2595:
2594:
2574:Turkey portal
2553:Court of Accounts
2546:Court of Accounts
2385:
2384:
2359:Open border with
2202:
2201:
2056:
2055:
1535:
1534:
1455:US Virgin Islands
1382:
1106:Equatorial Guinea
971:978-0-415-38458-2
621:
620:
167:1982 constitution
118:Turkish consulate
81:
80:
2615:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2532:Council of State
2450:
2437:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2373:
2372:
2219:Denaturalization
2108:Papua New Guinea
2093:Marshall Islands
1775:
1774:
1380:
1319:
1318:
1021:
1020:
1010:Nationality laws
1003:
996:
989:
980:
979:
975:
956:
932:
929:
928:
926:Official website
911:
905:
899:
898:
887:
881:
880:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
848:
842:
841:
839:
838:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
799:
793:
792:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
741:
733:
724:
718:
712:
711:
709:
708:
702:
694:
677:
674:
655:Turkish passport
638:Turkish Cypriots
611:
609:
608:
593:
591:
590:
575:
573:
572:
557:
555:
554:
539:
537:
536:
521:
520:
473:
467:
461:
455:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
378:Dual citizenship
373:Dual citizenship
279:Turkish language
246:Turkish passport
218:dual citizenship
170:
165:
30:
18:
17:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2541:
2510:
2484:
2451:
2442:
2424:
2419:Constitution of
2416:
2386:
2381:
2345:
2319:
2300:Right of return
2261:
2198:
2161:
2155:
2118:Solomon Islands
2052:
2018:Northern Cyprus
2013:North Macedonia
1946:
1781:
1766:
1531:
1460:
1310:
1012:
1007:
972:
939:
937:Further reading
930:
924:
923:
920:
915:
914:
906:
902:
889:
888:
884:
875:
874:
870:
861:
859:
849:
845:
836:
834:
824:
820:
811:
809:
801:
800:
796:
783:
782:
778:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
745:
743:
739:
735:
734:
727:
719:
715:
706:
704:
700:
696:
695:
691:
686:
681:
680:
675:
668:
663:
646:
626:
606:
604:
595:Northern Cyprus
588:
586:
570:
568:
552:
550:
534:
532:
508:
475:
471:
469:
465:
463:
459:
457:
453:
443:
439:
437:
433:
431:
427:
425:
421:
419:
415:
413:
409:
401:
375:
315:
238:
214:
208:
194:
177:
171:
160:
157:
130:
64:Enacted by
59:
56:
51:
50:
12:
11:
5:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2515:Supreme Courts
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:Naturalization
2228:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Nordic Council
2181:
2176:
2174:European Union
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2137:American Samoa
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:United Kingdom
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1951:Rest of Europe
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Czech Republic
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1779:European Union
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
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951:(in Turkish).
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742:. 29 May 2009
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703:. 29 May 2009
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100:jus sanguinis
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53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
37:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
2584:
2565:
2496:Legal system
2375:
2341:Soviet Union
2336:Ancient Rome
2331:Nazi Germany
2257:Repatriation
2247:
2240:
2207:By procedure
2037:
1742:Turkmenistan
1736:
1697:Saudi Arabia
1261:South Africa
1246:Sierra Leone
1051:Burkina Faso
1017:By continent
961:
952:
948:
931:(in Turkish)
903:
894:
885:
871:
860:. Retrieved
856:
846:
835:. Retrieved
831:
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
788:
779:
768:. Retrieved
764:
755:
744:. Retrieved
716:
705:. Retrieved
692:
634:
627:
509:
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382:
376:
367:
363:
359:
355:
319:
316:
307:
293:
290:
250:
229:
215:
195:
178:
131:
98:
94:
93:
74:
45:
15:
2489:Legislation
2315:Travel visa
2273:Citizenship
2098:New Zealand
1942:Switzerland
1897:Netherlands
1707:South Korea
1687:Philippines
1667:North Korea
1547:Afghanistan
1451:Puerto Rico
1374:El Salvador
1266:South Sudan
1151:Ivory Coast
430: eVisa
2505:Presidents
2028:San Marino
2008:Montenegro
1973:Azerbaijan
1887:Luxembourg
1752:Uzbekistan
1722:Tajikistan
1627:Kyrgyzstan
1622:Kazakhstan
1582:East Timor
1557:Bangladesh
1379:Greenland
1354:Costa Rica
1256:Somaliland
1241:Seychelles
1206:Mozambique
1191:Mauritania
1176:Madagascar
1131:The Gambia
1066:Cape Verde
955:: 137–166.
895:DailySabah
862:2024-05-17
837:2024-05-17
812:2017-02-10
770:2018-09-18
746:2013-04-30
707:2012-06-17
684:References
541:Azerbaijan
524:Countries
220:, such as
47:Long title
2266:By result
2068:Australia
1882:Lithuania
1712:Sri Lanka
1702:Singapore
1682:Palestine
1592:Indonesia
1527:Venezuela
1472:Argentina
1432:St. Lucia
1417:Nicaragua
1392:Guatemala
1196:Mauritius
386:stateless
260:stateless
230:Mavi Kart
226:Blue Card
90:back side
2602:Category
2586:Category
2376:Category
2288:Internal
2283:Passport
2249:Ius soli
2179:Mercosur
2088:Kiribati
1927:Slovenia
1922:Slovakia
1912:Portugal
1802:Bulgaria
1732:Thailand
1677:Pakistan
1652:Mongolia
1647:Malaysia
1572:Cambodia
1517:Suriname
1507:Paraguay
1492:Colombia
1402:Honduras
1364:Dominica
1339:Barbados
1315:Americas
1306:Zimbabwe
1276:Tanzania
1121:Ethiopia
1116:Eswatini
1096:Djibouti
1061:Cameroon
1046:Botswana
644:See also
617:90 days
599:90 days
581:90 days
563:90 days
545:90 days
339:Finance,
262:persons,
175:Adoption
159:—
2457:History
2324:Defunct
2151:Vanuatu
2061:Oceania
2043:Ukraine
1998:Moldova
1988:Georgia
1978:Belarus
1968:Andorra
1963:Armenia
1958:Albania
1917:Romania
1862:Ireland
1857:Iceland
1852:Hungary
1842:Germany
1832:Finland
1827:Estonia
1822:Denmark
1807:Croatia
1797:Belgium
1792:Austria
1757:Vietnam
1657:Myanmar
1642:Lebanon
1552:Bahrain
1522:Uruguay
1497:Ecuador
1477:Bolivia
1407:Jamaica
1387:Grenada
1334:Bahamas
1286:Tunisia
1251:Somalia
1236:Senegal
1221:Nigeria
1211:Namibia
1201:Morocco
1166:Liberia
1161:Lesotho
1111:Eritrea
1081:Comoros
1056:Burundi
1031:Algeria
613:Ukraine
577:Moldova
559:Georgia
335:Agency,
328:Change.
222:Austria
113:Turkish
109:Turkish
75:Status:
2422:Turkey
2128:Tuvalu
2038:Turkey
2033:Serbia
2023:Russia
2003:Monaco
1993:Kosovo
1937:Sweden
1907:Poland
1902:Norway
1872:Latvia
1847:Greece
1837:France
1812:Cyprus
1771:Europe
1737:Turkey
1727:Taiwan
1632:Kuwait
1617:Jordan
1607:Israel
1567:Brunei
1562:Bhutan
1502:Guyana
1482:Brazil
1422:Panama
1412:Mexico
1349:Canada
1344:Belize
1301:Zambia
1291:Uganda
1226:Rwanda
1181:Malawi
1141:Guinea
1036:Angola
1024:Africa
968:
610:
592:
574:
556:
538:
472:
466:
460:
454:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
343:Turkey
2123:Tonga
2113:Samoa
2103:Palau
2083:Nauru
1932:Spain
1892:Malta
1867:Italy
1762:Yemen
1717:Syria
1692:Qatar
1662:Nepal
1612:Japan
1587:India
1577:China
1487:Chile
1465:South
1397:Haiti
1322:North
1271:Sudan
1216:Niger
1171:Libya
1156:Kenya
1136:Ghana
1126:Gabon
1101:Egypt
1041:Benin
740:(PDF)
701:(PDF)
661:Notes
527:Stay
107:or a
2480:1982
2475:1961
2470:1924
2465:1921
2429:Text
2145:Guam
2078:Fiji
1782:and
1672:Oman
1637:Laos
1602:Iraq
1597:Iran
1540:Asia
1512:Peru
1359:Cuba
1281:Togo
1186:Mali
1076:Chad
966:ISBN
184:and
2604::
2143:,
2139:,
1453:,
947:.
893:.
855:.
830:.
805:.
787:.
763:.
728:^
669:^
502:.
483:.
188:.
136::
2507:)
2503:(
2441:.
2411:e
2404:t
2397:v
2363:.
2356:.
2147:)
2135:(
1457:)
1449:(
1002:e
995:t
988:v
974:.
953:3
879:.
865:.
840:.
815:.
791:.
773:.
749:.
710:.
281:,
228:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
