2247:. Once Cyprus became an independent state in 1960, inter-ethnic fighting broke out in 1963, and by 1964 some 25,000 Turkish Cypriots became internally displaced, accounting to about a fifth of their population. Thus, the oppression which the Turkish Cypriots suffered during the mid-1960s led to many of them emigrating to the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Turkish Cypriots continued to emigrate to the United Kingdom during this time due to the economic gap which was widening in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriots were increasingly taking control of the country's major institutions causing the Turkish Cypriots to become economically disadvantaged. Thus, the political and economic unrest in Cyprus after 1964 sharply increased the number of Turkish Cypriot immigrants to the United Kingdom.
2891:
part of their
Turkish identity. Turkish parents consistently try to hold onto the cultural values in order to 'protect' these traditional values onto the younger generation. Young Turks from a very young age are encouraged to attend Turkish school to learn about the Turkish culture including folk dances, food, history and the language. The first generation generally maintains their culture rather than adopting the British social and cultural values. However, the younger generations have a desire to preserve parental values at home and to adopt some elements of the host culture outside the home.
2735:. A total of 39,132 Turkish-born people were recorded in London. The 2001 census also shows that the Cyprus-born population (which includes both Turkish and Greek Cypriots) live in similar areas to the Turkish-born population. The majority live in England, with only 1,001 in Wales, and 1,533 in Scotland. A total of 45,887 were recorded in London. However, official data regarding the British Turkish community excludes British-born and dual heritage children of Turkish origin; thus, it is unlikely that any of the official figures available provide a true indication of the community.
3091:
2958:
69:
3371:
2331:
1957:
3082:
99:
381:
3357:
2440:
112:
86:
2228:, the number of Turkish run cafes increased from 20 in 1939 to 200 in 1945 which created a demand for more Turkish Cypriot workers. Thus, throughout the 1950s, Turkish Cypriots began to emigrate to the United Kingdom for economic reasons and by 1958 the number of Turkish Cypriots was estimated to be 8,500. Their numbers increased each year as rumours about immigration restrictions appeared in much of the Cypriot media.
2943:
1949:
2048:
2200:
47:
2302:(TRNC), which has since remained internationally unrecognised except by Turkey. The division of the island led to an economic embargo against the Turkish Cypriots by the Greek Cypriot controlled Government of Cyprus. This had the effect of depriving the Turkish Cypriots of foreign investment, aid and export markets; thus, it caused the
2652:. These populations, which have different nationalities (i.e. Algerian, Bulgarian, German, Greek, Macedonian or Romanian citizenship), share the same ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious origins as the Turks and Turkish Cypriots and are thus part of the Turkish-speaking community of the United Kingdom.
2309:
Many
Turkish Cypriots emigrated to the United Kingdom with their extended families and/or brought their parents over shortly after their arrival to prevent the breakup of the family unit. These parents played a valuable role in giving support at home by looking after their grandchildren, whilst their
2350:
arrived during the 1970s and were then followed by their families during the late 1970s and 1980s. Many of these workers were recruited by
Turkish Cypriots who had already established businesses such as restaurants. These workers were required to renew their work permits every year until they became
2254:
was a skill which the community had already acquired in Cyprus. Turkish
Cypriots were concentrated mainly in the north-east of London and specialised in the heavy-wear sector, such as coats and tailored garments. This sector offered work opportunities where poor knowledge of the English language was
2215:
to the United
Kingdom began in the early 1920s when the British annexed Cyprus in 1914 and the residents of Cyprus became subjects of the Crown. Many Turkish Cypriots went to the United Kingdom as students and tourists whilst others left the island due to the harsh economic and political life on the
3177:, before moving to the United Kingdom. Organisations such as the "Turkish Cypriot Association" were originally set up to preserve the communities culture and provide meeting places. However, during the 1960s, when political violence increased in Cyprus, these organisations centred more on politics.
2987:
identity. There is mostly a lack of knowledge about the basic principles of Islam within the younger generations. The young generation of the community tends to have little knowledge about their religion and generally do not fulfill all religious duties. However, the majority of young Turks still
2890:
Traditional family values are considered to be very important for the
Turkish community. Marriage in particular is seen as an important part of their social sphere, and considerable social pressure is put onto single Turks to get married. Thus, getting married and having a family is a significant
2313:
Finally, there is a small third group of settlers who came to the UK for educational purposes, and who then settled, in some cases being ‘overstayers’ and took up professional posts. Many of these people, as well as the second and third generation educated descendants of earlier settlers, are the
3057:
Activities are held in many
Turkish mosques in order to retain an Islamic identity and to pass these traditional values onto the younger generation. These mosques have introduced new policies and strategies within their establishments as they have recognised that traditional methods are not very
2355:
areas of Turkey. However, in the 1980s, intellectuals, including students, and highly educated professionals arrived in the United
Kingdom, most of which received support from the Turkish Cypriot community. Mainland Turks settled in similar areas of London in which the Turkish Cypriots lived in;
3184:
government, and those who oppose it. Both groups back up their lobbying by supporting
British (and European) politicians. The general impression is that the majority of British Turkish Cypriots are mainly conservative supporters of a Turkish Cypriot state and lobby for its recognition. British
2668:
make up 12% of short term migration, 13% of long term migration, and 12% of the labour migration. However, the number of
Bulgarian Turks in the United Kingdom may be much higher; Bulgarian citizens of Turkish origin make up entire majorities in some countries. For example, in the
3126:
established the first ever Ottoman Embassy in London with its first ambassador being Yusuf Ağa Efendi. This marked the establishment of mutual diplomatic relations between the British and the Ottoman Turks. By 1834, a permanent embassy was established by Sultan
3058:
productive within the British context. For example, one mosque has opened an independent primary school whilst another has been granted permission to register weddings in its mosque. Other mosques have even allowed the formation of small market places.
3188:
There are also campaigns which are directed at the wider British population and politicians. Yearly demonstrations occur to commemorate historical important days; for example, each year on 20 July, a pro-TRNC organisation arranges a demonstration from
2074:
had opened in London; within a decade, more than 80 establishments flourished in the city. In 1659, Yusuf, an Ottoman administrator from Negropont, was baptized in England and took the name Richard Christophilus. With the influx of
2575:
and the Turkish consulate in London both claim that there are approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals living in the United Kingdom. Academic sources suggest that the Turkey-born population is made up of 60,000 to 100,000 ethnic
5844:
2738:
Turks from the same villages and districts from their homeland tend to congregate in the same quarters in the UK. Many of the Turkish-speaking communities have successfully settled in different parts of the capital, notably in
2125:
of 1799. In the years 1820–22, the Ottoman Empire exported goods worth £650,000 to the United Kingdom. By 1836–38, that figure had reached £1,729,000 with many Ottoman merchants entering the country. In 1839, the Ottoman
2310:
children were working. The majority of these people are now of pensionable age, with little English language skills, given their lack of formal education and their insulation within the Turkish Cypriot community.
2031:
in England and assumed the name John Baptista. Between the years 1624-1628 Salleman Alexander, ‘Richard a poore Turk’ and another unnamed Turk were also baptized in London. Thus, by 1627, there were close to 40
5122:
3185:
Turkish Cypriots cannot vote in Cypriot elections; therefore, Turkish Cypriot organisations have tended to take an active role in political affairs by providing economic support for political parties.
2306:
to remain stagnant and undeveloped. Due to these economic and political issues, an estimated 130,000 Turkish Cypriots have emigrated from Northern Cyprus since its establishment to the United Kingdom.
2907:
is also widely spoken amongst its community. The first generation and recent migrants often speak fluent Turkish and women within the community are particularly constrained by language limitations.
2110:
his two Turkish protégés, Mustafa and Mehmet. Mehmet's mother and Mustafa's son would also reside in England. Due to their prominence in the court, Mustafa and Mehmet were depicted in the murals of
7774:
5805:
Ivanov, Zhivko (2007), "Economic Satisfaction and Nostalgic Laments: The Language of Bulgarian Economic Migrants After 1989 in Websites and Electronic Fora", in Gupta, Suman; Omoniyi, Tope (eds.),
4652:
4510:
4626:
2555:
suggests that the British-Turkish Cypriot community now numbers 350,000 whilst some Turkish Cypriot sources suggest that they have a total population of 400,000 living in the United Kingdom.
2130:
reform movement began. This period saw rapid changes in Ottoman administration including numerous high-ranking officials receiving their higher education and postings in the Western nations.
1988:
on Spanish ships by English pirates. It is believed that the release of Turkish slaves from Spanish ships were for political reasons. At the time, England was vulnerable to attacks from the
2231:
As the island of Cyprus' independence was approaching, Turkish Cypriots felt vulnerable as they had cause for concern about the political future of the island. This was first evident when
5875:
6089:
Savvides, Philippos K (2004), "Partition Revisited: The International Dimension and the Case of Cyprus", in Danopoulos, Constantine Panos; Vajpeyi, Dhirendra K.; Bar-Or, Amir (eds.),
4595:
3464:
4223:
5824:
Kliot, Nurit (2007), "Resettlement of Refugees in Finland and Cyprus: A Comparative Analysis and Possible Lessons for Israel", in Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (eds.),
7939:
7864:
6567:
2543:
or British-born Turkish Cypriots. In May 2001, the TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that about 200,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in the United Kingdom. In 2011, the
2027:
in October 1586. Once baptised, he was given the Christian name of William. Two decades later, an allowance of 6 pence per diem was paid to a Turkish captive who embraced
5045:
5018:
4324:
4152:
3011:. Thus, there are many Turks, especially the younger generations, who do not abstain from eating non-halal food or drinking alcohol, whilst still identifying as Muslim.
4392:
2547:
stated that there are now 300,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the United Kingdom. The "Kıbrıs Gazetesi", in 2008, claimed that 280,000 Turkish Cypriots were living in
2000:
as a means of resisting the Spanish military. The Turkish slaves who had not yet returned to the Ottoman Empire requested assistance from London merchants trading in
4273:
5928:
Markova, Eugenia (2010), "Optimising migration effects: A perspective from Bulgaria", in Black, Richard; Engbersen, Godfried; Okolski, Marek; et al. (eds.),
4844:
5678:
Geaves, Ron (2001), "The Haqqani Naqshbandi: A Study of Apocalyptic Millennnialism within Islam", in Porter, Stanley E.; Hayes, Michael A.; Tombs, David (eds.),
3613:
3214:
4480:
3275:
6876:
4803:
4768:
4544:
2979:, whilst the remaining people generally do not have any religious affiliation. Nonetheless, even those who define themselves as not being religious feel that
4249:
5240:
6177:
2791:. Turkish-speaking communities are located in all parts of the Borough, though there is a greater concentration in North and Central parts of the Borough.
2066:
By the early 1650s, an English merchant who had been trading in the Ottoman Empire returned to London with a Turkish servant who introduced the making of
7061:
4660:
4518:
3982:
2040:
alone, most of which were Turks. One of the most famous Muslim converts to Christianity was Iusuf (Yusuf), ‘the Turkish Chaous’ (çavuş), who was born in
1980:
mercenary troops as the Tudor monarch was known to make heavy use of foreign troops. By the late sixteenth century hundreds of Turks were to be found in
4630:
3165:
in British politics. Organisations were first set up during the 1950s and 1960s mainly by Turkish Cypriot students who had met and studied in cities in
1895:
As of 2011, there was a total of about 500,000 people of Turkish origin in the UK, made up of approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals and about 300,000
3270:
5905:
Lytra, Vally; Baraç, Taşkın (2009), "Multilingual practices and identity negotiations among Turkish-speaking young people in a diasporic context", in
7702:
3285:
1821:
5374:
4180:
2134:(1800–1858) served as the Ottoman ambassador to Paris and London in the 1830s. One of his disciples and future grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire,
5588:
5550:
5512:
4302:
3307:
3297:
2815:
2585:
2528:
4960:
2235:
held a referendum in 1950 in which 95.7% of eligible Greek Cypriot voters cast their ballots in supporting a fight aimed at uniting Cyprus with
3258:
6316:
2988:
believe in Islam and the basic principles of the religion as it has more of a symbolic attachment to them due to traditional Turkish values.
5717:
4603:
3280:
1735:
6150:
7954:
5633:
4419:
4227:
2709:, living outside London or who are British-born is unknown. On 15 January 1990 the Association of Western Thrace Turks UK was established.
2165:) in June 1867 where they were able to freely express their views by criticising the Ottoman regime in newspapers. Their successors, the
1396:
17:
2004:
during the times of war between England and Spain, or England and France. Those who decided not to return to their country converted to
7934:
3319:
2483:
There is an estimated 500,000 people of Turkish origin living in the United Kingdom. The Turkish community is made up of about 300,000
1381:
3442:
7729:
4396:
2628:
There is a growing number of Turks from countries other than Cyprus and Turkey who have emigrated to the United Kingdom, mainly from
4073:
3180:
Turkish Cypriot organisations which engage in the Cyprus issue can be divided into two main groups: there are those who support the
2023:
aboard a Spanish ship and brought to England. The Turk was known as Chinano, assumed to come from the name Sinan, and converted to
1145:
6278:
2664:
estimated that 35,000 Bulgarian-born people were resident in the UK. According to the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria,
2044:. Baptised on 30 January 1658, his conversion is deemed significant because Iusuf served as an ambassador for the Ottoman Sultan.
7054:
6757:
6636:
5985:Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva (2003), "The democratic deficit of diaspora politics: Turkish Cypriots in Britain and the Cyprus issue",
1665:
1578:
1224:
2351:
residents after living in the country for five years. The majority who entered the United Kingdom in the 1970s were mainly from
1869:. However, the term may also refer to British-born persons who have Turkish parents or who have a Turkish ancestral background.
7826:
7769:
7009:
6593:
4457:
1539:
1467:
1391:
5049:
5022:
4365:
3643:
7949:
6707:
6291:
6259:
6240:
6119:
6098:
6060:
6041:
6022:
5956:
5937:
5918:
5833:
5814:
5795:
5776:
5758:
5706:
5668:
5601:
5563:
5525:
5501:
5446:
5363:
5320:
5301:
4540:
4328:
3394:
3071:
3067:
2279:
2216:
island leading to lack of job opportunities. Turkish Cypriot emigration to the United Kingdom continued to increase when the
1814:
7944:
7924:
7707:
6976:
6601:
6398:
6383:
6051:
Panayiotopoulos, Prodromos; Dreef, Marja (2002), "London: Economic Differentiation and Policy Making", in Rath, Jan (ed.),
3218:
1790:
1548:
1415:
1350:
1200:
3477:'2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
1972:
The first Turks settled in the United Kingdom during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Between the years 1509-1547
336:
Official data regarding the British Turkish community excludes British-born and dual heritage children of Turkish origin.
7929:
7719:
7113:
6966:
6854:
6552:
5968:
From Strangers to Citizens: The Integration of Immigrant Communities in Britain, Ireland, and colonial America, 1550-1750
5292:
Abu-Haidar, Farida (1996), "Turkish as a Marker of Ethnic Identity and Religious Affiliation", in Suleiman, Yasir (ed.),
3104:
2607:
2536:
2299:
1335:
1263:
6215:
5331:
4840:
3605:
7784:
7047:
6991:
6819:
6667:
6621:
6473:
6443:
5895:
3197:. 15 November is another date in which public places are used to voice political issues regarding the Cyprus dispute.
2429:
2142:(1815–1869), also received appointment at the Ottoman London embassy before rising in public office in his own nation.
1899:. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks immigrating to the United Kingdom from
1599:
1568:
1491:
5123:"The Turkish Diyanet in the UK: How national conditions affect the influence of a transnational religious institution"
4283:
3161:
has become an important political issue in the United Kingdom. Turkish Cypriots carry out numerous activities such as
2567:, the estimated number of British residents born in Turkey was 72,000 in 2009, compared to the 54,079 recorded by the
2408:
now residing in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, there is also an increasing number of Turkish families arriving from
2250:
Many of these early migrants worked in the clothing industry in London, where both men and women could work together-
7544:
6928:
6869:
6824:
6611:
6423:
6190:
6079:
5975:
5687:
5344:
4488:
1785:
1759:
1700:
1558:
1453:
1273:
1268:
1238:
899:
844:
5888:
Ermeni sorunu, diaspora ve Türk dış politikası: Ermeni iddiaları Türkiye'nin dünya ile ilişkilerini nasıl etkiliyor?
4795:
4760:
3986:
7896:
6981:
6908:
6834:
6793:
6616:
6463:
6252:
Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan
3051:
2539:
have immigrated to the United Kingdom; however, this does not include Turkish Cypriots who have emigrated from the
1807:
1754:
1749:
1563:
1482:
1401:
1355:
1298:
1253:
1243:
463:
5845:"The making of Turkish-Muslim diaspora in Britain: religious collective identity in a multicultural public sphere"
1888:
for economic reasons. Recently, smaller groups of Turks have begun to immigrate to the United Kingdom from other
7734:
7133:
6986:
6933:
6903:
6859:
6814:
6778:
6657:
6606:
6196:
5244:
2082:
and diplomats into England due to improved Anglo-Ottoman relations, a race for Muslim converts began between the
1764:
1744:
1721:
1716:
1675:
1660:
1655:
1594:
1553:
1376:
1360:
1283:
1233:
1090:
448:
6971:
6923:
6864:
6829:
6697:
6682:
6677:
6507:
6448:
6179:
Do concepts of ethnic economies explain existing minority enterprises? The Turkish speaking economies in London
4656:
4514:
4259:
2937:
2661:
2564:
1769:
1726:
1695:
1634:
1604:
1520:
1472:
1439:
1345:
1288:
1258:
1117:
7779:
3007:
and identity. Nonetheless, young Turkish Muslims are brought up in a more liberal home environment than other
2597:
7794:
7021:
6788:
6724:
6687:
6517:
6458:
6406:
5456:
Canefe, Nergis (2002), "Markers of Turkish Cypriot History in the Diaspora: Power, visibility and identity",
2600:
claims that 300,000 people of Turkish origin (not including Turkish Cypriots) are living in the UK. By 2005,
1795:
1629:
1619:
1500:
1477:
1424:
1112:
1085:
944:
5966:
Matar, Nabil (2001), "The First Turks and Moors in England", in Vigne, Randolph; Littleton, Charles (eds.),
5375:"Transnational Virtues and Cool Loyalties: Responses of Turkish-Speaking Migrants in London to 11 September"
2606:
newspaper reported that one gang alone had illegally smuggled up to 100,000 Turks into the UK. In 2011, the
7789:
7607:
6918:
6881:
6783:
6631:
6452:
4731:
3487:
3331:
1444:
1434:
1429:
1340:
1314:
1248:
1138:
2266:
of more Turkish Cypriots. The overwhelming majority migrated to the United Kingdom, whilst others went to
7831:
7483:
7391:
6948:
6938:
6798:
6750:
6717:
6702:
6626:
6436:
6130:
4957:
3031:
3008:
2961:
2718:
1924:
1690:
1614:
1573:
1293:
1278:
954:
725:
5745:
5405:
4188:
3022:, was established by the Turkish Cypriot community in 1977. There are numerous other Turkish Mosques in
7843:
7821:
6500:
5127:
4298:
2744:
2303:
2295:
1101:
190:
77:
5607:
5569:
5531:
2239:. Thus, the 1950s saw the arrival of many Turkish Cypriots to the United Kingdom who were fleeing the
7816:
7739:
6233:
EU accession dynamics and conflict resolution: catalysing peace or consolidating partition in Cyprus?
5416:
Atay, Tayfun (2010), "'Ethnicity within Ethnicity' among the Turkish-Speaking Immigrants in London",
2996:
2748:
2740:
2686:
2504:
2409:
2401:
2357:
2099:
1928:
1650:
984:
869:
187:
179:
5514:
The Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
7801:
7443:
7173:
7109:
6376:
6331:
5747:
Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union
2512:
2417:
2259:
2194:
1670:
1029:
685:
478:
171:
5726:
2135:
7879:
7744:
7724:
7714:
7516:
7161:
7156:
6165:
3715:
3027:
3019:
2946:
2397:
1685:
1166:
1131:
364:
5906:
5648:
4426:
3054:. As of 2018 there were 17 mosques under the control of the Directorate of Religious affairs.
1075:
7848:
7565:
7438:
7256:
7014:
6743:
3509:
3302:
2544:
1185:
1107:
919:
864:
680:
397:
4653:"Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3)"
4511:"Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3)"
4395:. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Defence. Archived from
3018:
has always been considered a priority within the Turkish community. The first Turkish mosque,
2131:
1386:
989:
7754:
7674:
7364:
7341:
5930:
A Continent Moving West?: EU Enlargement and Labour Migration from Central and Eastern Europe
3384:
3376:
3343:
2645:
2174:
1977:
1039:
839:
777:
603:
214:
5084:
7891:
7838:
7811:
7473:
7124:
6735:
6485:
5619:Çilingir, Sevgi (2010), "Identity and Integration among Turkish Sunni Muslims in Britain",
2804:
2694:
2500:
2122:
1505:
1215:
1080:
803:
715:
6091:
Civil-military relations, nation building, and national identity: comparative perspectives
5788:
Talking Turkey: the language, culture and identity of Turkish speaking children in Britain
4069:
3090:
3026:, mainly in Hackney, that are predominantly used by the Turkish community, especially the
1406:
8:
7684:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7586:
7560:
7206:
7178:
6524:
6369:
3047:
2863:
2808:
2221:
2020:
1530:
782:
772:
767:
504:
473:
6361:
5429:
Bridgwood, Ann (1995), "Dancing the Jar: Girls' Dress and Turkish Cypriot Weddings", in
2614:, claimed that there were almost 400,000 Turkish citizens living in the United Kingdom.
7869:
7591:
7581:
7273:
7073:
6512:
6297:
6002:
5867:
5481:
5435:
5397:
5085:"Spreading whose word? Militarism and nationalism in the transnational Turkish mosques"
2623:
2540:
2389:
2373:
2343:
2314:
initiators of the voluntary groups and organisations, which give support and advice to
1525:
1068:
964:
879:
874:
798:
410:
343:
271:
2723:
The vast majority of Turkish-born people recorded in the 2001 British census lived in
2611:
7617:
7511:
7501:
7458:
7214:
6662:
6557:
6490:
6287:
6255:
6236:
6186:
6115:
6094:
6075:
6056:
6037:
6018:
6006:
5971:
5952:
5933:
5914:
5891:
5871:
5829:
5810:
5791:
5772:
5754:
5702:
5683:
5664:
5597:
5559:
5521:
5497:
5485:
5473:
5442:
5401:
5359:
5340:
5316:
5297:
3409:
2385:
2150:
2111:
1510:
1034:
999:
969:
912:
889:
857:
829:
751:
510:
6330:, ESRC Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, archived from
4449:
2995:
by the community with the growth of Islamic organisations. The desire to retain an
2283:
2258:
By the late 1960s, approximately 60,000 Turkish Cypriots were forcefully moved into
7901:
7806:
7679:
7428:
7423:
7411:
7401:
7396:
7386:
7381:
7325:
7303:
7283:
7268:
7219:
7183:
7143:
7105:
7026:
6913:
6672:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6411:
6317:"Differentiating irregularity and solidarity: Turkish Immigrants at work in London"
5994:
5859:
5465:
5389:
5096:
4369:
3647:
3399:
3190:
2925:
2921:
2900:
2524:
2508:
2492:
2484:
2413:
2393:
2381:
2315:
2225:
2217:
2190:
1896:
1877:
1852:
1838:
1680:
1330:
1055:
1051:
1019:
1012:
959:
934:
741:
720:
670:
665:
655:
650:
645:
640:
620:
598:
582:
567:
546:
514:
483:
458:
432:
339:
294:
122:
4548:
2882:– have the largest Cyprus-born (regardless of ethnicity) clusters outside London.
7874:
7764:
7759:
7669:
7534:
7506:
7468:
7453:
7448:
7416:
7406:
7373:
7263:
7251:
7188:
7168:
7138:
6574:
6495:
6431:
5590:
The Algerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
5494:
Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus
4964:
3404:
3389:
3210:
3194:
3136:
3132:
3100:
2950:
2904:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2706:
2690:
2665:
2602:
2488:
2405:
2224:
to Cyprus, with unemployment and low wages being a significant issue. During the
2178:
2103:
1932:
1881:
1873:
1515:
1462:
1097:
1044:
1024:
994:
974:
939:
824:
746:
710:
700:
695:
690:
660:
630:
541:
536:
488:
468:
453:
347:
298:
289:
6109:
5998:
5863:
3644:"İngiltere Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği'nin tarihçesi, kuruluş nedenleri, amaçları"
3135:, London. There is also a Turkish Cypriot Embassy which represents nationals of
2957:
7638:
7633:
7612:
7539:
7463:
7433:
7346:
7320:
7315:
7278:
7097:
7083:
7070:
6692:
6579:
6228:
5634:"İngiltere'deki Türk Camileri ve Entegrasyon Sürecine Sosyo-Kültürel Katkıları"
3233:
3158:
3152:
3140:
3108:
3043:
2984:
2784:
2776:
2682:
2577:
2568:
2496:
2347:
2335:
2232:
2170:
2146:
2067:
2055:
2041:
1997:
1989:
1973:
1912:
1866:
1862:
1609:
1180:
929:
894:
884:
834:
819:
705:
675:
608:
577:
572:
531:
390:
372:
351:
262:
222:
68:
52:
5552:
The Iraqi Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities
5469:
5393:
5266:
4914:
4912:
3003:
among the communities. Clinging to traditions is seen as a way of maintaining
2015:
who arrived in England was in the mid-1580s, is believed to be a Turk born in
7918:
7239:
6652:
5477:
5430:
4274:"Implications for Justice and Home Affairs area of accession of Turkey to EU"
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3419:
3362:
3206:
2903:
is the main language spoken among the community in the United Kingdom, but a
2859:
2851:
2839:
2823:
2552:
2271:
2059:
2051:
1952:
Ottoman Turkish graves buried in a segregated part of Clayhall Road cemetery.
1210:
949:
210:
7039:
3465:"Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals"
2443:
A map of Turkish people in London. Over 70% of British Turks live in London.
7749:
7151:
6053:
Unravelling the rag trade: immigrant entrepreneurship in seven world cities
5719:
Migrant Trends VOLUME I – Bulgaria: The social impact of seasonal migration
4909:
3414:
3046:. During the Turkish invasion into Syria in 2019, adherents prayed for the
2588:
suggests that the Kurdish community in the UK is about 50,000, among which
2330:
2091:
2071:
2028:
2005:
2001:
1985:
1961:
551:
4299:"Network Radio BBC Week 39: Wednesday 28 September 2011: Turkish Delight?"
3533:
7884:
7694:
7308:
3222:
2670:
2589:
2572:
2166:
2083:
2024:
1993:
1956:
1907:. Many other Turks have immigrated to Britain from parts of the southern
1195:
924:
315:
183:
151:
4368:. Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey in London. Archived from
4153:"An Electronic Toolkit for Teachers: Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Pupils"
2854:
outside London were home to more than 100 Turkish-born residents: south
7244:
6562:
6164:(Sept.-Nov. 00), Center for Strategic Research: 146–153, archived from
5826:
Population resettlement in international conflicts: a comparative study
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3237:
3035:
2920:, has been forming amongst the second and third generations, where the
2871:
2867:
2847:
2831:
2819:
2780:
2772:
2290:, to unite the island with Greece. This led to a military offensive by
2263:
2139:
328:
320:
257:
243:
233:
226:
198:
6356:
4627:"Turkey's Foreign Minister Says Turkey and Britain have Bright Future"
2803:
have the greatest concentration of population and in particular along
4732:"İngiltere Batı Trakya Türkleri Dayanışma Derneği 20. yılını kutladı"
4215:
3229:
3157:
Due to the large Turkish Cypriot diaspora in the United Kingdom, the
3128:
3123:
3081:
3039:
2879:
2875:
2843:
2835:
2768:
2760:
2681:
The total number of Turkish-speaking Muslims who have emigrated from
2532:
2380:, have emigrated to the United Kingdom. There is a growing number of
2275:
2154:
2087:
2079:
2016:
1911:
where they form an ethnic and religious minority dating to the early
1205:
253:
248:
218:
194:
3606:"UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs"
3554:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3490:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022
3034:. Notable Turkish mosques outside London include Selimiye Mosque in
2262:
in Cyprus. Evidently, this period in Cypriot history resulted in an
5716:
Guentcheva, Rossitza; Kabakchieva, Petya; Kolarski, Plamen (2003),
5100:
3226:
3170:
3162:
2992:
2916:
2855:
2752:
2732:
2633:
2127:
1916:
979:
380:
206:
104:
5222:
5220:
5183:
5181:
4729:
3232:, the first woman of Turkish Cypriot origin to be a member of the
2439:
2199:
2169:, also took refuge in London in order to escape the absolutism of
7775:
Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations
7101:
5586:
5548:
5510:
4918:
4581:
4278:
4258:. House of Lords. 13 January 2011. col. 1540. Archived from
4254:
4221:
4135:
3548:
3516:
3241:
3015:
3004:
2965:
2942:
2800:
2764:
2756:
2724:
2649:
2637:
2629:
2592:
make up the largest group, exceeding the numbers from Turkey and
2114:. In 1716 King George I ennobled Mehmet, who adopted the surname
2107:
2058:
journalist and politician who fled to the UK. His great-grandson
2033:
1981:
1948:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1900:
324:
202:
175:
91:
6280:
Young Turks and Kurds: A set of 'invisible' disadvantaged groups
4735:
4390:
7865:
Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
5217:
5178:
4224:"Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK"
3641:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3174:
3166:
3023:
2976:
2702:
2698:
2641:
2548:
2377:
2319:
2291:
2287:
2267:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2212:
2204:
2158:
2138:(1815–1871), also served as ambassador to London in the 1840s.
2095:
2076:
2037:
2012:
1965:
1889:
1885:
427:
165:
5807:
The Cultures of Economic Migration: International Perspectives
3240:, a diplomat who retired in 2009 as the British Ambassador to
3221:
and whose great-grandfather was Turkish (although he was half
2991:
In recent years there has also been a strong movement towards
2298:. By 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared their own state, the
2047:
5715:
4705:
3000:
2980:
2973:
2827:
2728:
2581:
2361:
2356:
however, many have also moved to the outer districts such as
2352:
2162:
1190:
238:
117:
6765:
6223:, University of Sussex: Sussex Centre for Migration Research
3577:
2503:. There is also an increasing number of Turks arriving from
46:
3181:
2593:
2255:
not a problem and where self-employment was a possibility.
2240:
266:
6286:, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation/University of Bristol,
5725:, International Organization for Migration, archived from
3782:
3780:
3669:
3667:
3665:
2818:, outside London there are smaller Turkish communities in
6391:
5294:
Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa
5046:"UK Turkish Islamic Cultural Centre / Suleymaniye Mosque"
3510:"Data Viewer - Nomis - Official Labour Market Statistics"
2673:
Bulgarian Turks make up about 80% of Bulgarian citizens.
6034:
The making of modern Cyprus: from obscurity to statehood
4988:
4986:
4984:
4941:
4939:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4866:
4864:
4862:
3422:
football club, established in 1868 and named after Turks
2527:
have immigrated to the United Kingdom. According to the
2286:
in 1974 against the Cypriot President, with the help of
2173:. Even more political refugees were to arrive after the
6277:
Enneli, Pinar; Modood, Tariq; Bradley, Harriet (2005),
4924:
3777:
3662:
7940:
Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin
5743:
4823:
4821:
4545:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3889:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3684:
3682:
3571:
3527:
3205:
British political figures of Turkish descent include:
74:
Turkish-born residents in the United Kingdom: 132,651
5043:
5016:
4981:
4936:
4888:
4876:
4859:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4596:"Gang held over smuggling 100,000 Turks into Britain"
4146:
4144:
4037:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3131:. Today the current Turkish Embassy is located at 43
6050:
6015:
The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism 1820-1913
5769:
Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia
4343:
3968:
3940:
3938:
3352:
1872:
Turks first began to emigrate in large numbers from
6276:
4998:
4818:
4360:
4358:
3980:
3882:
3863:
3851:
3839:
3816:
3679:
2870:. As for the Cypriot-born residents, two areas of
2487:, 150,000 Turkish nationals, and smaller groups of
5984:
5434:
5238:
5226:
5211:
5199:
5187:
5172:
4783:
4141:
4107:
4105:
4103:
3758:
3741:
2693:is unknown; however, it is estimated that 600-700
2145:In 1865 Ottoman intellectuals had established the
7703:Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction
5661:Anglo-Ottoman encounters in the Age of Revolution
5437:Dress and Ethnicity: Change Across Space and Time
5356:The infidel within: Muslims in Britain since 1800
5019:"UK Turkish Islamic Association - Aziziye Mosque"
4481:"Dıştaki gençlerin askerlik sorunu çözülmedikçe…"
4282:. House of Commons. 29 April 2011. Archived from
3935:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
2701:. The number of Western Thrace Turks, as well as
2367:
338:This includes 150,000 Turkish nationals, 300,000
7916:
5658:
4355:
4150:
3798:
3252:
2787:population live in Hackney, and they are mainly
4958:THE TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY LIVING IN HACKNEY
4100:
3437:
3435:
2972:The vast majority of the Turkish community are
2928:is used interchangeably in the same sentences.
2816:Department for Communities and Local Government
2586:Department for Communities and Local Government
2529:Department for Communities and Local Government
6107:
4755:
4753:
4624:
4503:
3694:
3457:
3050:in a mosque under the guidance of the Turkish
2558:
2318:speaking people living in England – mainly in
2121:Ottoman Turkish migration continued after the
7069:
7055:
6751:
6377:
6131:"West Thrace Turkish's Immigration to Europe"
4391:TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs (May 2001).
3599:
3597:
2518:
2325:
1815:
1139:
6314:
6138:The Journal of International Social Research
5241:"Baroness Meral Hussein-Ece's maiden speech"
4420:"Bir plastik sandalyeyi bile çok gördüler!."
3432:
2850:). At the time of the 2001 census, only two
2617:
2184:
1996:wanted to cultivate good relations with the
1880:were forced to leave their homes during the
5696:
4750:
4706:Guentcheva, Kabakchieva & Kolarski 2003
4174:
4172:
3786:
3673:
7062:
7048:
6758:
6744:
6384:
6370:
6108:Sirkeci, Ibrahim; Bilecen, Tuncay (2016),
5904:
5659:Cunningham, Allan; Ingram, Edward (1993),
5631:
5587:Communities and Local Government (2009c),
5549:Communities and Local Government (2009b),
5511:Communities and Local Government (2009a),
5313:Ottoman Wars 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged
5291:
5070:
4930:
4441:
3713:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3594:
3588:
1822:
1808:
1146:
1132:
7735:1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks
7730:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)
5428:
3956:
2157:. Many of these intellectuals escaped to
7720:1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
6766:European diasporas in the United Kingdom
6217:Immigration to the UK: The case of Turks
6088:
6069:
5911:Youngspeak in a Multilingual Perspective
5842:
5618:
5160:
4992:
4945:
4903:
4882:
4870:
4730:Association of Western Thrace Turks UK.
4593:
4384:
4209:
4169:
4043:
3488:"MS-A18: Country of birth - full detail"
2956:
2941:
2438:
2329:
2198:
2046:
1955:
1947:
6213:
6175:
6128:
6031:
5987:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
5927:
5885:
5766:
5641:Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
5382:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
5339:, Minority Rights Group International,
4717:
4693:
4569:
4349:
4222:Federation of Turkish Associations UK.
4178:
4123:
4031:
4007:
3917:
3857:
3628:
3480:
2676:
2374:traditional areas of Turkish settlement
416:Traditional Areas of Turkish Settlement
14:
7917:
7827:National Socialist Underground murders
7770:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
6249:
6148:
6114:, London: Transnational Press London,
5804:
5677:
5632:Çoştu, Yakup; Turan, Süleyman (2009),
5491:
5455:
5353:
5329:
5004:
4975:
4919:Communities and Local Government 2009a
4827:
4806:from the original on 21 September 2008
4681:
4582:Communities and Local Government 2009b
4317:
4136:Communities and Local Government 2009c
4094:
3929:
3905:
3893:
3876:
3845:
3833:
3688:
3603:
3549:Communities and Local Government 2009a
3117:
2090:. By 1679, Britain saw its first ever
7043:
6739:
6392:Asian diasporas in the United Kingdom
6365:
6315:Erdemir, Aykan; Vasta, Ellie (2007),
6227:
6012:
5965:
5946:
5823:
5372:
5310:
5148:
5120:
4771:from the original on 18 December 2006
4478:
4447:
4417:
4055:
4019:
3944:
3810:
3771:
3752:
3735:
3642:Ingiltere Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği.
3291:
2282:rose to power in 1967, they staged a
7708:Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)
5785:
5596:, Communities and Local Government,
5558:, Communities and Local Government,
5520:, Communities and Local Government,
5415:
5082:
4847:from the original on 27 January 2011
4533:
4393:"Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue"
4305:from the original on 2 November 2011
4179:Laschet, Armin (17 September 2011).
4111:
4076:from the original on 25 January 2011
3264:
3219:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3103:(left) and the London office of the
2811:down to Newington Green Roundabout.
2149:organisation in order to resist the
1943:
159:Regions with significant populations
141:100,000–150,000 (academic estimates)
5699:Muslims in Britain: An Introduction
5089:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
4594:Bennetto, Jason (12 October 2005).
3105:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
2608:Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2537:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
2300:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
560:Turkish minorities in North Africa:
497:Turkish minorities in the Caucasus:
24:
6270:
5909:; Jørgensen, Annette Myre (eds.),
5852:Journal of Minority Muslim Affairs
4327:. Museum of London. Archived from
3616:from the original on 2 August 2011
2655:
2551:alone. Furthermore, an article by
2430:Demographics of the United Kingdom
760:Turkish diasporas in Central Asia:
734:Turkish diasporas in the Americas:
441:Turkish minorities in the Balkans:
27:Ethnic group in the United Kingdom
25:
7966:
7935:British people of Turkish descent
6350:
5358:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers,
4460:from the original on 24 July 2011
4448:Akben, Gözde (11 February 2010).
3395:Turkey – United Kingdom relations
3337:
3072:Cyprus – United Kingdom relations
3068:Turkey – United Kingdom relations
2372:More recently, ethnic Turks from
2346:to the United Kingdom began when
524:Turkish minorities in the Levant:
7897:Turks in the former Soviet Union
4659:. September 2009. Archived from
4625:Turkish Weekly (31 March 2011).
4517:. September 2009. Archived from
4418:Cemal, Akay (6 September 2008).
3969:Panayiotopoulos & Dreef 2002
3445:. Office for National Statistics
3369:
3355:
3313:
3089:
3080:
3052:Directorate of Religious Affairs
1884:. Turks then began to come from
379:
110:
97:
84:
67:
45:
7955:Turkey–United Kingdom relations
5744:Home Affairs Committee (2011),
5259:
5232:
5205:
5193:
5166:
5154:
5142:
5114:
5076:
5064:
5037:
5010:
4969:
4951:
4833:
4723:
4711:
4699:
4687:
4675:
4645:
4618:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4472:
4411:
4296:
4290:
4279:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4266:
4255:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4242:
4203:
4129:
4117:
4088:
4070:"Turkish today by Viv Edwardss"
4067:
4061:
4049:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3804:
3792:
3729:
3325:
3146:
3099:The Turkish Embassy located in
2423:
2106:in 1714, he took with him from
2062:was the British Prime Minister.
1091:Presidency of Religious Affairs
7648:Diaspora in Post-Soviet States
6185:, London School of Economics,
6111:Little Turkey in Great Britain
6093:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
6074:, Cambridge University Press,
6017:, Cambridge University Press,
5951:, Cambridge University Press,
5932:, Amsterdam University Press,
5701:, Cambridge University Press,
4657:Office for National Statistics
4515:Office for National Statistics
3983:"Turkish and proud to be here"
3604:Travis, Alan (1 August 2011).
3502:
3467:. National Records of Scotland
3200:
2999:has increased the strength of
2983:has had an influence of their
2938:Religion in the United Kingdom
2662:Office for National Statistics
2565:Office for National Statistics
2368:Migration from other countries
1964:built in 1895 and situated in
138:Turkish Cypriot-born residents
13:
1:
7795:Assassination of Galip Balkar
7785:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
6072:The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922
5913:, John Benjamins Publishing,
5284:
4366:"Turkish community in the UK"
3443:"Country of birth (extended)"
3253:Turkish television programmes
2712:
2434:
1876:for work and then again when
1858:Birleşik Krallık'taki Türkler
945:Culture of the Ottoman Empire
791:Turkish diasporas in Oceania:
135:150,000 (academic estimates)
38:Birleşik Krallık'taki Türkler
7950:Muslim communities in Europe
7790:Assassination of Erkut Akbay
7528:Diaspora in the Persian Gulf
6151:"Turkish Migrants in Europe"
6036:, CInterworld Publications,
5697:Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2010),
5682:, Sheffield Academic Press,
5121:Hazir, Agah (20 June 2019).
3799:Cunningham & Ingram 1993
3332:London Turkish Film Festival
2727:, with only 471 recorded in
2580:and 25,000 to 50,000 ethnic
2523:Between 100,000 and 150,000
870:Prehistory of Eastern Thrace
51:British Turks protesting in
7:
7945:Islam in the United Kingdom
7925:Turkish diaspora by country
7780:Assassination of Taha Carım
6357:Turkish Consulate in London
5999:10.1080/1369183032000123459
5949:Islam in Britain, 1558-1685
5864:10.1080/1360200042000296645
5311:Aksan, Virginia H. (2007),
5083:Kurt, Mehmet (March 2022).
5044:London Borough of Hackney.
5017:London Borough of Hackney.
4843:. BBC London. August 2008.
4541:"Country-of-birth database"
4479:Cemal, Akay (2 June 2011).
3572:Home Affairs Committee 2011
3528:Home Affairs Committee 2011
3348:
3061:
2931:
2894:
2719:Turkish community of London
2685:, that is, the province of
2598:Atatürk Thought Association
2559:Mainland Turkish population
2535:, 130,000 nationals of the
2322:and the surrounding areas.
2177:of July 1908 and after the
1925:Republic of North Macedonia
1865:who have immigrated to the
1849:Turks in the United Kingdom
631:Turkish diasporas in Europe
34:Turks in the United Kingdom
18:Turks in the United Kingdom
10:
7971:
7930:Turkish diaspora in Europe
7844:Banya Bashi Mosque clashes
7822:1993 Solingen arson attack
6149:Sonyel, Salahi R. (2000),
5647:(4): 35–52, archived from
5492:Cassia, Paul Sant (2007),
5128:London School of Economics
3341:
3193:to the Turkish Embassy in
3150:
3065:
2935:
2885:
2716:
2621:
2519:Turkish Cypriot population
2427:
2334:A Turkish festival in the
2326:Mainland Turkish migration
2243:terrorists and its aim of
2188:
2011:The first ever documented
1938:
1643:African and Afro-Caribbean
133:72,000 (2009 ONS estimate)
7857:
7817:1991 Altun Kupri massacre
7693:
7647:
7626:
7600:
7575:Diaspora in South America
7574:
7553:
7527:
7495:Diaspora in North America
7494:
7371:
7359:
7334:
7294:
7230:
7197:
7121:
7092:
7080:
7002:
6959:
6896:
6850:
6843:
6807:
6771:
6645:
6592:
6533:
6481:
6472:
6422:
6397:
6176:Strüder, Inge R. (2003),
6070:Quataert, Donald (2000),
6032:Panteli, Stavros (1990),
5970:, Sussex Academic Press,
5753:, The Stationery Office,
5470:10.1080/13642520110112119
5394:10.1080/13691830600761487
5388:(6), Routledge: 923–946,
4802:. BBC. 7 September 2005.
4767:. BBC. 7 September 2005.
3981:London Evening Standard.
3042:, and Osmaniye Mosque in
2687:East Macedonia and Thrace
2618:Other Turkish populations
2505:German-speaking countries
2410:German-speaking countries
2402:East Macedonia and Thrace
2185:Turkish Cypriot migration
1929:East Macedonia and Thrace
591:Other Turkish minorities:
334:
313:
308:
285:
280:
163:
158:
65:
60:
44:
7802:1983 Orly Airport attack
7110:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
6877:Nordic and Scandinavians
5843:Küçükcan, Talip (2004),
5767:Hüssein, Serkan (2007),
5354:Ansari, Humayun (2004),
5330:Ansari, Humayun (2002),
5239:Liberal Democrat Voice.
4963:24 December 2010 at the
4450:"Olmalı mı Olmamalı mı?"
4325:"Turkish Cypriot London"
4181:"İngiltere'deki Türkler"
3426:
3247:
2910:A new Turkish language,
2195:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
2070:, and by 1652 the first
2008:and settled in England.
812:Other Turkish diasporas:
131:101,721 (2011 UK Census)
7880:Turks in the Arab world
7745:Bloody Christmas (1963)
7715:Kirkuk Massacre of 1924
5886:Laçiner, Sedat (2008),
5680:Faith in the Millennium
5227:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5212:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5200:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5188:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
5173:Østergaard-Nielsen 2003
3020:Shacklewell Lane Mosque
2914:or also referred to as
2905:Turkish Cypriot dialect
2304:Turkish Cypriot economy
7849:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
7832:Murder of Enver Şimşek
7601:Diaspora in South Asia
7134:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6254:, Ashgate Publishing,
6250:Yilmaz, Ihsan (2005),
6235:, Ashgate Publishing,
6214:Thomson, Mark (2006),
6144:(Winter 2008): 419–433
5809:, Ashgate Publishing,
5071:Çoştu & Turan 2009
4151:Essex County Council.
3589:Lytra & Baraç 2009
3303:London Turkish Gazette
2969:
2954:
2783:. The majority of the
2545:Home Affairs Committee
2480:
2339:
2208:
2063:
1969:
1953:
1927:, and the province of
1856:
1842:
865:Prehistory of Anatolia
398:List of Turkish people
327:, Other religions and
7807:1989 Fergana massacre
7755:Afrikaanderwijk riots
7627:Diaspora in East Asia
6129:Şentürk, Cem (2008),
6013:Pamuk, Allan (2010),
5947:Matar, Nabil (1998),
5907:Stenström, Anna-Brita
5431:Eicher, Joanne Bubolz
5315:, Pearson Education,
5269:. Fipra International
3385:List of British Turks
3377:United Kingdom portal
3344:List of British Turks
3217:and was formerly the
3038:, Hamidiye Mosque in
3014:The establishment of
2960:
2945:
2442:
2400:from the province of
2333:
2202:
2175:Young Turk Revolution
2050:
2019:. He was captured by
1959:
1951:
1915:period, particularly
1040:Old Anatolian Turkish
7892:Turks in the Balkans
7839:2004 Cologne bombing
7812:1990 Komotini events
7740:1959 Kirkuk massacre
7545:United Arab Emirates
7081:Traditional areas of
6324:COMPAS Working Paper
5786:Issa, Tözün (2005),
5575:on 23 September 2011
3716:"Muslims in Britain"
3209:, who has served as
2695:Western Thrace Turks
2677:Western Thrace Turks
2501:Western Thrace Turks
2478: 5% and greater
2398:Western Thrace Turks
2280:Greek military junta
2203:Turkish Cypriots in
2123:Anglo-Ottoman Treaty
2118:(true to the king).
1984:who were freed from
845:United Arab Emirates
7554:Diaspora in Oceania
7295:Turkish minorities
7231:Turkish minorities
7198:Turkish minorities
7122:Turkish minorities
7093:Turkish majorities:
6055:, Berg Publishers,
5828:, Lexington Books,
5613:on 25 November 2011
5441:, Berg Publishers,
5411:on 29 February 2012
5373:Aksoy, Asu (2006),
4663:on 14 November 2010
4521:on 14 November 2010
4331:on 17 December 2010
4286:on 5 November 2011.
3420:Fordingbridge Turks
3118:Diplomatic missions
2342:Migration from the
2222:economic depression
1976:were counted among
1161:Part of a series on
1086:Freedom of religion
421:Turkish majorities:
342:, and also smaller
128:Previous estimates:
41:
7870:Turkish population
7725:Gavurbağı massacre
7360:Diaspora in Africa
5790:, Trentham Books,
5771:, Serkan Hussein,
5537:on 12 October 2010
5496:, Berghahn Books,
5458:Rethinking History
5333:Muslims in Britain
4399:on 9 February 2011
4230:on 10 January 2012
4191:on 19 January 2012
3989:on 22 January 2011
3650:on 31 October 2010
3292:Turkish newspapers
3276:AdaAktüel Magazine
3032:Suleymaniye Mosque
2970:
2962:Suleymaniye Mosque
2955:
2624:Turkish minorities
2541:Republic of Cyprus
2481:
2376:, especially from
2344:Republic of Turkey
2340:
2296:divided the island
2209:
2064:
1970:
1954:
1844:Britanyalı Türkler
900:Republic of Turkey
880:Byzantine Anatolia
875:Classical Anatolia
344:Turkish minorities
272:Kingston upon Hull
33:
7910:
7909:
7355:
7354:
7037:
7036:
6892:
6891:
6733:
6732:
6588:
6587:
6293:978-1-85935-273-1
6261:978-0-7546-4389-0
6242:978-0-7546-4310-4
6121:978-1-910781-19-7
6100:978-0-275-97923-2
6062:978-1-85973-423-0
6043:978-0-948853-09-8
6024:978-0-521-13092-9
5958:978-0-521-62233-2
5939:978-90-8964-156-4
5920:978-90-272-5429-0
5835:978-0-7391-1607-4
5816:978-0-7546-7070-4
5797:978-1-85856-318-3
5778:978-0-646-47783-1
5760:978-0-215-56114-5
5708:978-0-521-53688-2
5670:978-0-7146-3494-4
5603:978-1-4098-1169-5
5565:978-1-4098-1263-0
5527:978-1-4098-1267-8
5503:978-1-84545-228-5
5448:978-1-85973-003-4
5365:978-1-85065-685-2
5322:978-0-582-30807-7
5303:978-0-7007-0410-1
3410:Britons in Turkey
3265:Turkish magazines
3230:Meral Hussein-Ece
3215:Foreign Secretary
2814:According to the
2563:According to the
2112:Kensington Palace
1944:Ottoman migration
1832:
1831:
1709:Northern American
1323:Southern European
1307:Northern European
1156:
1155:
1076:Atatürk's Reforms
1035:Karamanli Turkish
890:Anatolian beyliks
621:Turkish diasporas
358:
357:
40:
16:(Redirected from
7962:
7902:Turkish diaspora
7297:in North Africa:
7284:Turkmen Mountain
7200:in the Caucasus:
7090:
7089:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7027:Irish Travellers
6897:Southeast Europe
6848:
6847:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6737:
6736:
6479:
6478:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6363:
6362:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6336:
6321:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6296:, archived from
6285:
6264:
6245:
6224:
6222:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6201:
6195:, archived from
6184:
6172:
6171:on 10 March 2013
6170:
6155:
6145:
6135:
6124:
6103:
6084:
6065:
6046:
6027:
6009:
5980:
5961:
5942:
5923:
5900:
5882:
5880:
5874:, archived from
5849:
5838:
5819:
5800:
5781:
5763:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5724:
5711:
5692:
5673:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5628:
5614:
5612:
5606:, archived from
5595:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5568:, archived from
5557:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5536:
5530:, archived from
5519:
5506:
5488:
5451:
5440:
5425:
5412:
5410:
5404:, archived from
5379:
5368:
5349:
5338:
5325:
5306:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5243:. Archived from
5236:
5230:
5224:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5048:. Archived from
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5021:. Archived from
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4907:
4901:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4841:"Turkish London"
4837:
4831:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4792:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4734:. Archived from
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4629:. Archived from
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4602:. Archived from
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4547:. Archived from
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4487:. Archived from
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4429:on 20 March 2012
4425:. Archived from
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4362:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4262:on 11 June 2011.
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4226:. Archived from
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4187:. Archived from
4176:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4148:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3985:. Archived from
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3880:
3874:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3787:Gilliat-Ray 2010
3784:
3775:
3769:
3756:
3750:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3714:MuslimHeritage.
3711:
3692:
3686:
3677:
3674:Gilliat-Ray 2010
3671:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3646:. Archived from
3639:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3552:
3546:
3531:
3525:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3400:Turks in Ireland
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3271:BritishTurks.com
3191:Trafalgar Square
3122:In 1793, Sultan
3093:
3084:
2926:Turkish language
2922:English language
2901:Turkish language
2531:and the Turkish
2525:Turkish Cypriots
2493:Macedonian Turks
2485:Turkish Cypriots
2477:
2472: 3.5%-4.99%
2471:
2465:
2459:
2454: 0.5%-0.99%
2453:
2448: 0.0%-0.49%
2447:
2390:Macedonian Turks
2226:Second World War
2220:of 1929 brought
2218:Great Depression
2191:British Cypriots
1897:Turkish Cypriots
1878:Turkish Cypriots
1859:
1845:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1369:Western European
1225:Eastern European
1158:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1134:
383:
360:
359:
340:Turkish Cypriots
144:Total population
123:Northern Ireland
116:
114:
113:
103:
101:
100:
94:: 124,758 (2021)
90:
88:
87:
72:
71:
61:Total population
49:
42:
36:
32:
21:
7970:
7969:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7906:
7875:Turks in Europe
7853:
7765:Tochni massacre
7760:Revival Process
7689:
7643:
7622:
7596:
7570:
7549:
7523:
7490:
7367:
7351:
7330:
7296:
7290:
7232:
7226:
7199:
7193:
7174:North Macedonia
7123:
7117:
7106:Northern Cyprus
7082:
7076:
7068:
7038:
7033:
6998:
6960:Southern Europe
6955:
6888:
6844:Northern Europe
6839:
6803:
6767:
6764:
6734:
6729:
6641:
6584:
6529:
6468:
6418:
6393:
6390:
6353:
6340:
6338:
6337:on 16 July 2011
6334:
6319:
6306:
6304:
6303:on 26 June 2008
6300:
6294:
6283:
6273:
6271:Further reading
6268:
6262:
6243:
6229:Tocci, Nathalie
6220:
6205:
6203:
6202:on 8 March 2016
6199:
6193:
6182:
6168:
6153:
6133:
6122:
6101:
6082:
6063:
6044:
6025:
5978:
5959:
5940:
5921:
5898:
5881:on 17 June 2010
5878:
5847:
5836:
5817:
5798:
5779:
5761:
5750:
5735:
5733:
5732:on 1 March 2012
5729:
5722:
5709:
5690:
5671:
5654:on 10 July 2011
5651:
5636:
5610:
5604:
5593:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5555:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5517:
5504:
5449:
5408:
5377:
5366:
5347:
5336:
5323:
5304:
5287:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5247:on 24 July 2010
5237:
5233:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5198:
5194:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5052:on 4 March 2009
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5025:on 4 March 2009
5015:
5011:
5003:
4999:
4991:
4982:
4974:
4970:
4965:Wayback Machine
4956:
4952:
4944:
4937:
4931:Abu-Haidar 1996
4929:
4925:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4794:
4793:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4738:on 19 July 2011
4728:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4633:on 7 April 2011
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4606:on 5 March 2009
4600:The Independent
4592:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4491:on 21 July 2011
4485:Kıbrıs Gazetesi
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4423:Kıbrıs Gazetesi
4416:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4372:on 4 March 2008
4364:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4295:
4291:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4177:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4122:
4118:
4110:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3979:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3883:
3875:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3759:
3751:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3695:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3640:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3578:
3570:
3555:
3547:
3534:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3429:
3405:Turks in Europe
3390:Turks in London
3375:
3370:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3294:
3286:T-VINE Magazine
3267:
3255:
3250:
3211:Mayor of London
3203:
3195:Belgrave Square
3155:
3149:
3137:Northern Cyprus
3133:Belgrave Square
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3101:Belgrave Square
3096:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3064:
3009:British Muslims
2951:Stoke Newington
2940:
2934:
2897:
2888:
2807:, running from
2797:Newington Green
2793:Stoke Newington
2789:Turkish Cypriot
2721:
2715:
2707:Northern Greece
2691:Northern Greece
2679:
2666:Bulgarian Turks
2658:
2656:Bulgarian Turks
2626:
2620:
2612:Ahmet Davutoğlu
2603:The Independent
2584:. However, the
2561:
2521:
2489:Bulgarian Turks
2479:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2406:Northern Greece
2386:Bulgarian Turks
2370:
2348:migrant workers
2328:
2211:Migration from
2197:
2187:
2179:First World War
2104:King of England
2056:Ottoman Turkish
2021:William Hawkins
1946:
1941:
1933:Northern Greece
1882:Cyprus conflict
1874:Northern Cyprus
1857:
1843:
1828:
1540:Southeast Asian
1152:
1123:
1122:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1030:Ottoman Turkish
1025:Cypriot Turkish
1015:
1005:
1004:
985:Public holidays
915:
905:
904:
860:
850:
849:
614:
479:North Macedonia
433:Northern Cyprus
413:
403:
402:
393:
348:Bulgarian Turks
337:
335:
318:
304:
299:Cypriot Turkish
297:(including the
290:British English
276:
169:
146:
142:
140:
136:
134:
132:
130:
126:
121:
111:
109:
108:
98:
96:
95:
85:
83:
82:
75:
66:
56:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7968:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7699:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7576:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7517:South Carolina
7509:
7504:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7479:United Kingdom
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7420:
7419:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7392:Czech Republic
7389:
7384:
7378:
7376:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7300:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7286:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7236:
7234:
7233:in the Levant:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7209:
7203:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7162:Western Thrace
7159:
7154:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7130:
7128:
7125:in the Balkans
7119:
7118:
7114:Mainland Turks
7096:
7094:
7087:
7078:
7077:
7071:Turkish people
7067:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7044:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7006:
7004:
7003:Western Europe
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6851:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6809:
6808:Eastern Europe
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6772:Central Europe
6769:
6768:
6763:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6721:
6720:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6594:Southeast Asia
6590:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6510:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6403:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6352:
6351:External links
6349:
6348:
6347:
6312:
6292:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6260:
6247:
6241:
6225:
6211:
6191:
6173:
6146:
6126:
6120:
6105:
6099:
6086:
6080:
6067:
6061:
6048:
6042:
6029:
6023:
6010:
5993:(4): 683–700,
5982:
5976:
5963:
5957:
5944:
5938:
5925:
5919:
5902:
5897:978-6054030071
5896:
5890:, USAK Books,
5883:
5858:(2): 243–258,
5840:
5834:
5821:
5815:
5802:
5796:
5783:
5777:
5764:
5759:
5741:
5713:
5707:
5694:
5688:
5675:
5669:
5656:
5629:
5621:Insight Turkey
5616:
5602:
5584:
5564:
5546:
5526:
5508:
5502:
5489:
5453:
5447:
5426:
5418:Insight Turkey
5413:
5370:
5364:
5351:
5345:
5327:
5321:
5308:
5302:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5258:
5231:
5216:
5204:
5192:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5113:
5101:10.1086/719164
5075:
5063:
5036:
5009:
4997:
4980:
4968:
4950:
4935:
4923:
4908:
4887:
4875:
4858:
4832:
4817:
4782:
4749:
4722:
4710:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4644:
4617:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4532:
4502:
4471:
4440:
4410:
4383:
4354:
4342:
4316:
4289:
4265:
4241:
4214:
4202:
4168:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4099:
4087:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3973:
3961:
3957:Bridgwood 1995
3949:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3898:
3881:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3776:
3757:
3740:
3728:
3693:
3678:
3661:
3627:
3593:
3576:
3553:
3532:
3515:
3501:
3479:
3456:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3366:
3350:
3347:
3339:
3338:Notable people
3336:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3234:House of Lords
3202:
3199:
3159:Cyprus dispute
3153:Cyprus dispute
3148:
3145:
3141:Bedford Square
3139:located at 29
3119:
3116:
3109:Bedford Square
3098:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3060:
3044:Stoke-on-Trent
3028:Aziziye Mosque
2947:Aziziye Mosque
2933:
2930:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2777:Waltham Forest
2747:, but also in
2714:
2711:
2697:are living in
2683:Western Thrace
2678:
2675:
2657:
2654:
2619:
2616:
2569:2001 UK Census
2560:
2557:
2520:
2517:
2497:Romanian Turks
2474:
2468:
2466: 2%-3.49%
2462:
2460: 1%-1.99%
2456:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2433:
2425:
2422:
2394:Romanian Turks
2382:Algerian Turks
2369:
2366:
2336:City of London
2327:
2324:
2233:Greek Cypriots
2186:
2183:
2171:Abdul Hamid II
2147:Young Ottomans
2116:von Königstreu
2086:party and the
2068:Turkish coffee
2042:Constantinople
1998:Ottoman Empire
1990:Spanish empire
1986:galley slavery
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1867:United Kingdom
1863:Turkish people
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1736:South American
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Northern Irish
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1173:United Kingdom
1170:
1169:
1167:British people
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
897:
895:Ottoman Empire
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
815:
807:
806:
801:
795:
794:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
763:
755:
754:
749:
744:
738:
737:
729:
728:
726:United Kingdom
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
636:
625:
624:
612:
611:
606:
601:
595:
594:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
563:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
528:
527:
519:
518:
507:
501:
500:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
444:
436:
435:
430:
414:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
394:
389:
388:
385:
384:
376:
375:
373:Turkish people
369:
368:
367:of articles on
356:
355:
352:Romanian Turks
332:
331:
314:Predominantly
311:
310:
306:
305:
303:
302:
292:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
263:West Yorkshire
260:
251:
246:
241:
236:
230:
223:Waltham Forest
161:
160:
156:
155:
120:: 2,886 (2021)
107:: 4,348 (2022)
78:2021/22 Census
63:
62:
58:
57:
53:Central London
50:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7967:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7913:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7526:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7512:United States
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:Liechtenstein
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:Other regions
7333:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7293:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7229:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7120:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7065:
7060:
7058:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6967:Gibraltarians
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6761:
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6754:
6749:
6747:
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6741:
6738:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6711:
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6701:
6699:
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6681:
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6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
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6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6450:
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6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
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6421:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6387:
6382:
6380:
6375:
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6364:
6358:
6355:
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6325:
6318:
6313:
6299:
6295:
6289:
6282:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6263:
6257:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6218:
6212:
6198:
6194:
6192:0-7530-1727-X
6188:
6181:
6180:
6174:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6081:0-521-63328-1
6077:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5983:
5979:
5977:1-902210-86-7
5973:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5827:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5762:
5756:
5749:
5748:
5742:
5728:
5721:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5700:
5695:
5691:
5689:1-84127-092-X
5685:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5663:, Routledge,
5662:
5657:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5635:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5592:
5591:
5585:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5516:
5515:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5346:1-897693-64-8
5342:
5335:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:, Routledge,
5295:
5290:
5289:
5268:
5262:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5184:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5162:
5161:Quataert 2000
5157:
5150:
5145:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5117:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5067:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5024:
5020:
5013:
5006:
5001:
4994:
4993:Küçükcan 2004
4989:
4987:
4985:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4954:
4947:
4946:Küçükcan 2004
4942:
4940:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4905:
4904:Küçükcan 2004
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4884:
4883:Küçükcan 2004
4879:
4872:
4871:Küçükcan 2004
4867:
4865:
4863:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4822:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4683:
4678:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4551:on 4 May 2011
4550:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4414:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4351:
4346:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4210:Çilingir 2010
4206:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4096:
4091:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4044:Savvides 2004
4040:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3717:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3505:
3489:
3483:
3466:
3460:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3367:
3364:
3363:Turkey portal
3353:
3345:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:Turkish radio
3309:
3308:Olay Gazetesi
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Avrupa Gazete
3296:
3295:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:Boris Johnson
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2912:Anglo-Turkish
2908:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:Hertfordshire
2857:
2853:
2852:census tracts
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:East Midlands
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:Hertfordshire
2821:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2731:and 1,042 in
2730:
2726:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:Armin Laschet
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:North America
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2060:Boris Johnson
2057:
2053:
2052:Ali Kemal Bey
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1835:British Turks
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:New Zealander
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
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1659:
1657:
1654:
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1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
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1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
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1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
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1479:
1476:
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1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
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1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:Central Asian
1414:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Nazar boncuğu
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
914:
909:
908:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
859:
854:
853:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:United States
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:Liechtenstein
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
632:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
616:
615:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
557:
556:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
406:
399:
396:
395:
392:
387:
386:
382:
378:
377:
374:
371:
370:
366:
362:
361:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
330:
326:
322:
317:
312:
307:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
284:
279:
273:
270:
268:
264:
261:
259:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:Seven Sisters
212:
211:Palmers Green
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
167:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
129:
124:
119:
106:
93:
81:
79:
70:
64:
59:
54:
48:
43:
39:
19:
7912:
7750:Akritas plan
7675:Turkmenistan
7478:
7372:Diaspora in
7365:South Africa
7342:Saudi Arabia
6992:Iberian Jews
6943:
6820:Azerbaijanis
6712:
6668:Azerbaijanis
6622:Singaporeans
6486:Bangladeshis
6444:Hong Kongers
6399:Central Asia
6339:, retrieved
6332:the original
6327:
6323:
6305:, retrieved
6298:the original
6279:
6251:
6232:
6216:
6204:, retrieved
6197:the original
6178:
6166:the original
6161:
6157:
6141:
6137:
6110:
6090:
6071:
6052:
6033:
6014:
5990:
5986:
5967:
5948:
5929:
5910:
5887:
5876:the original
5855:
5851:
5825:
5806:
5787:
5768:
5746:
5734:, retrieved
5727:the original
5718:
5698:
5679:
5660:
5649:the original
5644:
5640:
5627:(1): 103–122
5624:
5620:
5608:the original
5589:
5577:, retrieved
5570:the original
5551:
5539:, retrieved
5532:the original
5513:
5493:
5464:(1): 57–76,
5461:
5457:
5436:
5424:(1): 123–138
5421:
5417:
5406:the original
5385:
5381:
5355:
5332:
5312:
5293:
5271:. Retrieved
5267:"Alp Mehmet"
5261:
5249:. Retrieved
5245:the original
5234:
5207:
5195:
5168:
5156:
5144:
5132:. Retrieved
5126:
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5095:(1): 27–32.
5092:
5088:
5078:
5066:
5054:. Retrieved
5050:the original
5039:
5027:. Retrieved
5023:the original
5012:
5000:
4971:
4953:
4926:
4878:
4851:26 September
4849:. Retrieved
4835:
4808:. Retrieved
4799:
4775:26 September
4773:. Retrieved
4764:
4740:. Retrieved
4736:the original
4725:
4718:Şentürk 2008
4713:
4701:
4694:Markova 2010
4689:
4677:
4665:. Retrieved
4661:the original
4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4631:the original
4620:
4610:26 September
4608:. Retrieved
4604:the original
4599:
4589:
4577:
4570:Laçiner 2008
4565:
4555:26 September
4553:. Retrieved
4549:the original
4535:
4525:26 September
4523:. Retrieved
4519:the original
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4489:the original
4484:
4474:
4462:. Retrieved
4453:
4443:
4433:21 September
4431:. Retrieved
4427:the original
4422:
4413:
4401:. Retrieved
4397:the original
4386:
4374:. Retrieved
4370:the original
4350:Laçiner 2008
4345:
4335:26 September
4333:. Retrieved
4329:the original
4319:
4309:14 September
4307:. Retrieved
4292:
4284:the original
4277:
4268:
4260:the original
4253:
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4217:
4205:
4195:27 September
4193:. Retrieved
4189:the original
4184:
4159:. Retrieved
4131:
4124:Thomson 2006
4119:
4090:
4080:26 September
4078:. Retrieved
4063:
4051:
4039:
4032:Hüssein 2007
4027:
4015:
4008:Strüder 2003
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3987:the original
3976:
3964:
3952:
3925:
3918:Panteli 1990
3913:
3901:
3858:Hüssein 2007
3853:
3841:
3806:
3794:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3652:. Retrieved
3648:the original
3618:. Retrieved
3610:The Guardian
3609:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3482:
3469:. Retrieved
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3415:Byerley Turk
3326:Turkish film
3259:Euro Genc TV
3204:
3187:
3179:
3156:
3147:Cyprus issue
3121:
3056:
3048:Turkish army
3013:
2990:
2971:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2898:
2889:
2813:
2737:
2722:
2680:
2660:In 2009 the
2659:
2627:
2601:
2562:
2522:
2509:German Turks
2482:
2424:Demographics
2414:German Turks
2412:(especially
2371:
2341:
2312:
2308:
2257:
2249:
2230:
2210:
2144:
2132:Rashid Pasha
2120:
2115:
2092:Turkish bath
2072:coffee house
2065:
2029:Christianity
2010:
2006:Christianity
2002:North Africa
1992:, and Queen
1978:Henry VIII's
1971:
1962:Turkish bath
1894:
1871:
1848:
1834:
1833:
1624:
1336:Gibraltarian
1118:Bahá'í Faith
1108:Christianity
990:Shadow plays
920:Architecture
840:South Africa
811:
810:
790:
789:
778:Turkmenistan
759:
758:
733:
732:
629:
628:
618:
613:
604:Saudi Arabia
590:
589:
559:
558:
523:
522:
496:
495:
440:
439:
420:
419:
418:
415:
164:
147:
143:
137:
127:
125:: 659 (2021)
73:
37:
30:Ethnic group
7885:Kouloughlis
7695:Turkophobia
7608:Afghanistan
7566:New Zealand
7474:Switzerland
7444:Netherlands
7309:Kouloughlis
6929:Macedonians
6870:Lithuanians
6825:Belarusians
6612:Indonesians
6525:Sri Lankans
6307:17 February
6158:Perceptions
5056:20 December
5029:20 December
5005:Geaves 2001
4976:Ansari 2002
4828:Yilmaz 2005
4800:Born Abroad
4765:Born Abroad
4682:Ivanov 2007
4454:Star Kıbrıs
4095:Cassia 2007
3930:Cassia 2007
3906:Ansari 2004
3894:Ansari 2004
3877:Yilmaz 2005
3846:Yilmaz 2005
3834:Sonyel 2000
3689:Sonyel 2000
3654:10 December
3281:BN Magazine
3201:Politicians
2809:Manor House
2805:Green Lanes
2671:Netherlands
2590:Iraqi Kurds
2573:Home Office
2513:Dutch Turks
2418:Dutch Turks
2284:coup d'état
2278:. Once the
2167:Young Turks
2084:Cromwellian
2025:Anglicanism
1994:Elizabeth I
1892:countries.
1691:Trinidadian
1600:Azerbaijani
1569:Singaporean
1506:Bangladeshi
1492:South Asian
885:The Seljuqs
804:New Zealand
716:Switzerland
686:Netherlands
325:Alevi Islam
316:Sunni Islam
152:Home Office
7919:Categories
7685:Uzbekistan
7665:Kyrgyzstan
7660:Kazakhstan
7655:Azerbaijan
7245:Turkmeneli
7207:Azerbaijan
7179:Montenegro
7157:Dodecanese
7086:settlement
7074:by country
6982:Portuguese
6909:Bulgarians
6835:Ukrainians
6794:Hungarians
6637:Vietnamese
6617:Malaysians
6563:Romanichal
6513:Pakistanis
6474:South Asia
6464:Mongolians
5579:31 October
5285:References
5149:Aksan 2007
4464:21 January
4056:Tocci 2004
4020:Tocci 2004
3945:Kliot 2007
3811:Pamuk 2010
3772:Matar 2001
3753:Matar 2001
3736:Matar 1998
3342:See also:
3238:Alp Mehmet
3223:Circassian
3169:, such as
3151:See also:
3143:, London.
3066:See also:
3036:Manchester
2936:See also:
2872:Manchester
2868:Nottingham
2848:Nottingham
2832:Manchester
2820:Birmingham
2781:Wood Green
2773:Kensington
2717:See also:
2713:Settlement
2622:See also:
2435:Population
2428:See also:
2189:See also:
2151:absolutism
2140:Fuad Pasha
2094:opened in
2036:living in
1786:Australian
1760:Ecuadorian
1701:Zimbabwean
1587:West Asian
1579:Vietnamese
1559:Indonesian
1531:Sri Lankan
1468:Hongkonger
1454:East Asian
1356:Portuguese
1274:Macedonian
1269:Lithuanian
1239:Belarusian
1081:Secularism
965:Literature
783:Uzbekistan
773:Kyrgyzstan
768:Kazakhstan
505:Azerbaijan
474:Montenegro
411:Population
329:Irreligion
321:Shia Islam
258:Nottingham
244:Manchester
234:Birmingham
227:Wood Green
199:Kensington
7592:Venezuela
7582:Argentina
7561:Australia
7274:Palestine
7220:Meskhetia
6987:Spaniards
6934:Romanians
6904:Albanians
6860:Estonians
6815:Armenians
6779:Austrians
6718:in London
6663:Assyrians
6658:Armenians
6646:West Asia
6607:Filipinos
6518:in London
6501:in London
6491:Bhutanese
6453:in London
6424:East Asia
6206:2 October
6007:145528555
5872:143598673
5541:2 October
5486:143498169
5478:440918386
5402:216142054
4810:2 October
4403:5 October
4376:5 January
4112:Issa 2005
3993:2 October
3225:origin);
3129:Mahmud II
3124:Selim III
3040:Leicester
2968:, London.
2953:, London.
2880:Moss Side
2876:Stretford
2844:Leicester
2836:Sheffield
2769:Islington
2761:Southwark
2646:Macedonia
2533:consulate
2276:Australia
2155:Abdulaziz
2136:Ali Pasha
2088:Anglicans
2080:merchants
2017:Negropont
1755:Colombian
1750:Brazilian
1651:Barbadian
1564:Malaysian
1526:Pakistani
1511:Bhutanese
1483:Mongolian
1299:Ukrainian
1254:Hungarian
1244:Bulgarian
1013:Languages
970:Miniature
955:Festivals
799:Australia
515:Meskhetia
509:Georgia (
319:Minority
281:Languages
254:Leicester
249:Sheffield
219:Southwark
195:Islington
154:estimate)
7858:See also
7618:Pakistan
7459:Portugal
7215:Abkhazia
7211:Georgia
7139:Bulgaria
7102:Muhacirs
7015:Huguenot
6972:Italians
6924:Kosovans
6914:Cypriots
6865:Latvians
6830:Russians
6708:Lebanese
6698:Israelis
6683:Iranians
6678:Emiratis
6673:Cypriots
6632:Timorese
6568:Scottish
6548:Punjabis
6543:Pashtuns
6538:Mirpuris
6508:Nepalese
6449:Japanese
6341:30 March
6231:(2004),
5736:24 April
5251:10 April
4961:Archived
4845:Archived
4804:Archived
4796:"Cyprus"
4769:Archived
4761:"Turkey"
4742:24 April
4637:14 April
4458:Archived
4303:Archived
4250:"Turkey"
4234:13 April
4185:Hurriyet
4074:Archived
3721:14 March
3620:1 August
3614:Archived
3449:28 March
3349:See also
3320:Bizim FM
3227:Baroness
3171:Istanbul
3163:lobbying
3111:(right).
3062:Politics
2997:identity
2993:religion
2932:Religion
2924:and the
2917:Turklish
2895:Language
2856:Cheshunt
2842:(mostly
2838:and the
2753:Lewisham
2745:Haringey
2733:Scotland
2634:Bulgaria
2507:(mainly
2260:enclaves
2161:(and to
2128:Tanzimat
2100:George I
1917:Bulgaria
1890:European
1778:Oceanian
1765:Peruvian
1745:Bolivian
1722:Canadian
1717:American
1696:Sudanese
1681:Nigerian
1676:Jamaican
1671:Guyanese
1666:Ghanaian
1661:Eritrean
1656:Egyptian
1595:Armenian
1554:Filipino
1521:Nepalese
1473:Japanese
1377:Austrian
1284:Romanian
1234:Albanian
1211:Scottish
1206:Orcadian
1069:Religion
960:Folklore
830:Pakistan
511:Abkhazia
454:Bulgaria
365:a series
363:Part of
346:such as
309:Religion
301:dialect)
207:Lewisham
191:Haringey
105:Scotland
7680:Ukraine
7429:Ireland
7424:Hungary
7412:Germany
7402:Finland
7397:Denmark
7387:Belgium
7382:Austria
7326:Tunisia
7304:Algeria
7269:Lebanon
7184:Romania
7148:Greece
7144:Croatia
7084:Turkish
6977:Maltese
6789:Germans
6725:Yemenis
6688:Syrians
6602:Burmese
6575:Sindhis
6496:Indians
6459:Koreans
6432:Chinese
6412:Pashtun
5433:(ed.),
5273:17 June
4495:17 June
4161:16 June
3574:, Ev 34
3242:Iceland
3016:mosques
3005:culture
2985:Turkish
2977:Muslims
2966:Dalston
2886:Culture
2864:Clifton
2801:Dalston
2785:Turkish
2765:Croydon
2757:Lambeth
2749:Enfield
2741:Hackney
2725:England
2650:Romania
2638:Germany
2630:Algeria
2358:Enfield
2316:Turkish
2108:Hanover
2102:became
2098:. Once
2054:was an
2034:Muslims
1982:England
1939:History
1921:Romania
1913:Ottoman
1909:Balkans
1905:Germany
1901:Algeria
1853:Turkish
1839:Turkish
1770:Chilean
1727:Mexican
1635:Israeli
1625:Turkish
1615:Kurdish
1605:Iranian
1549:Burmese
1463:Chinese
1440:Turkmen
1387:Flemish
1361:Spanish
1351:Maltese
1346:Italian
1331:Cypriot
1315:Swedish
1294:Serbian
1289:Russian
1264:Latvian
1259:Kosovan
1186:English
1181:Cornish
1113:Judaism
1102:Mosques
1020:Turkish
1000:Theatre
940:Cuisine
930:Carpets
913:Culture
858:History
721:Ukraine
671:Ireland
666:Germany
656:Finland
651:Denmark
646:Belgium
641:Austria
619:Modern
599:Hungary
583:Tunisia
568:Algeria
547:Lebanon
484:Romania
459:Croatia
295:Turkish
203:Lambeth
188:Hackney
180:Enfield
176:Croydon
148:500,000
92:England
7670:Russia
7587:Brazil
7535:Kuwait
7507:Mexico
7502:Canada
7484:London
7469:Sweden
7454:Poland
7449:Norway
7417:Berlin
7407:France
7374:Europe
7264:Jordan
7252:Israel
7189:Serbia
7169:Kosovo
7098:Turkey
7010:French
6949:London
6919:Greeks
6882:Swedes
6855:Baltic
6784:Czechs
6693:Iraqis
6580:Tamils
6553:Romani
6437:London
6407:Afghan
6290:
6258:
6239:
6189:
6118:
6097:
6078:
6059:
6040:
6021:
6005:
5974:
5955:
5936:
5917:
5894:
5870:
5832:
5813:
5794:
5775:
5757:
5705:
5686:
5667:
5600:
5562:
5524:
5500:
5484:
5476:
5445:
5400:
5362:
5343:
5319:
5300:
5134:26 May
5106:26 May
4830:, 155.
4720:, 427.
4667:8 July
3494:25 May
3471:24 May
3236:; and
3175:Ankara
3167:Turkey
3024:London
2779:, and
2703:Pomaks
2699:London
2642:Greece
2596:. The
2571:. The
2549:London
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2378:Europe
2320:London
2292:Turkey
2288:EOKA B
2268:Turkey
2264:exodus
2252:sewing
2245:Enosis
2237:Greece
2213:Cyprus
2205:London
2159:London
2096:London
2077:Muslim
2038:London
2013:Muslim
1966:London
1923:, the
1886:Turkey
1861:) are
1796:Fijian
1686:Somali
1630:Yemeni
1620:Syrian
1516:Indian
1501:Afghan
1478:Korean
1430:Kyrgyz
1425:Kazakh
1397:German
1392:French
1279:Polish
1191:Gaelic
1056:Altaic
1054:&
1052:Turkic
995:Sports
935:Cinema
825:Kuwait
747:Mexico
742:Canada
711:Sweden
701:Russia
696:Poland
691:Norway
661:France
542:Jordan
537:Israel
489:Serbia
469:Kosovo
464:Greece
449:Bosnia
428:Turkey
391:People
225:, and
184:Euston
172:Camden
166:London
150:(2011
115:
102:
89:
7639:Japan
7634:China
7613:India
7540:Qatar
7464:Spain
7434:Italy
7347:Yemen
7321:Libya
7316:Egypt
7279:Syria
7152:Crete
7022:Irish
6944:Turks
6939:Serbs
6799:Poles
6713:Turks
6703:Kurds
6653:Arabs
6627:Thais
6335:(PDF)
6320:(PDF)
6301:(PDF)
6284:(PDF)
6221:(PDF)
6200:(PDF)
6183:(PDF)
6169:(PDF)
6154:(PDF)
6134:(PDF)
6003:S2CID
5879:(PDF)
5868:S2CID
5848:(PDF)
5751:(PDF)
5730:(PDF)
5723:(PDF)
5652:(PDF)
5637:(PDF)
5611:(PDF)
5594:(PDF)
5573:(PDF)
5556:(PDF)
5535:(PDF)
5518:(PDF)
5482:S2CID
5409:(PDF)
5398:S2CID
5378:(PDF)
5337:(PDF)
5229:, 692
5214:, 690
5202:, 687
5190:, 688
5175:, 685
5151:, 226
5007:, 218
4995:, 254
4948:, 253
4933:, 122
4906:, 251
4885:, 250
4873:, 249
4708:, 44.
4696:, 214
4572:, 397
4352:, 397
4297:BBC.
4212:, 108
4156:(PDF)
4138:, 34.
4097:, 238
4068:BBC.
4046:, 260
3932:, 236
3920:, 151
3908:, 154
3896:, 151
3879:, 154
3848:, 153
3836:, 147
3801:, 105
3774:, 262
3755:, 261
3738:, 127
3691:, 146
3427:Notes
3248:Media
3001:Islam
2981:Islam
2974:Sunni
2828:Luton
2729:Wales
2705:from
2582:Kurds
2578:Turks
2362:Essex
2353:rural
2163:Paris
1974:Turks
1847:) or
1610:Iraqi
1445:Uzbek
1435:Tajik
1407:Swiss
1402:Irish
1382:Dutch
1341:Greek
1249:Czech
1216:Welsh
1098:Islam
1045:Oghuz
975:Music
950:Dance
835:Qatar
820:Japan
706:Spain
676:Italy
609:Yemen
578:Libya
573:Egypt
552:Syria
239:Luton
118:Wales
7257:Jews
7240:Iraq
6558:Kale
6343:2010
6309:2008
6288:ISBN
6256:ISBN
6237:ISBN
6208:2010
6187:ISBN
6116:ISBN
6095:ISBN
6076:ISBN
6057:ISBN
6038:ISBN
6019:ISBN
5972:ISBN
5953:ISBN
5934:ISBN
5915:ISBN
5892:ISBN
5830:ISBN
5811:ISBN
5792:ISBN
5773:ISBN
5755:ISBN
5738:2011
5703:ISBN
5684:ISBN
5665:ISBN
5598:ISBN
5581:2011
5560:ISBN
5543:2010
5522:ISBN
5498:ISBN
5474:OCLC
5443:ISBN
5360:ISBN
5341:ISBN
5317:ISBN
5298:ISBN
5275:2015
5253:2011
5163:, 80
5136:2022
5108:2022
5073:, 45
5058:2008
5031:2008
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