72:
57:
24:
914:
1220:
tasked to escort ships through the
Skaggerak, Kattegat and Norwegian waters when not escorting minelayers. The surviving operational boats were now consolidated in the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla and they screened multiple minelaying missions in the southwestern North Sea in August and September. At the end of the month, the flotilla laid a minefield in the
1219:
were among the escorts for minelayers as they laid minefields in the
Skaggerak and the latter was torpedoed by a British submarine on 8 May. The detonation blew her stern off and it was rebuilt in the same manner as her sisters during her lengthy repairs. For the next several months, they were also
688:
were also added after 1931. The gun had an effective rate of fire of about 120 rounds per minute. Its 0.12-kilogram (0.26 lb) projectiles were fired at a muzzle velocity of 875 m/s (2,870 ft/s) which gave it a ceiling of 3,700 meters (12,100 ft) and a maximum horizontal range of
657:
which weighed 15.1 kilograms (33 lb) and increased the muzzle velocity to 785 m/s (2,580 ft/s). The new ammunition had a maximum range of 15,175 meters (16,596 yd) at an elevation of 44.4°. Each gun was provided with 100 shells.
677:
and three speed/range settings: 14,000 meters (15,000 yd) at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph); 8,000 meters (8,700 yd) at 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) and 6,000 meters (6,600 yd) at 44 knots (81 km/h; 51 mph).
1463:, and two other torpedo boats laid minefields in the Channel on 21 and 22 March 1944. A few days later, the flotilla laid a minefield on the night of 21/22 April. The following night the torpedo boats engaged British MTBs near
1423:
escorted minelayers in the North Sea as they laid new minefields. All four surviving boats laid two minefields in the
English Channel on 4–6 June. Later that month the ships returned to the Bay of Biscay to help escort
491:
so that they were "almost impossible to hold on course in wind and at low speed". The design has been criticized for being equipped with too many torpedoes for the role that they were actually used during World War II.
1595:
1064:
missions of the
English coast. Two days later the flotilla patrolled the Skagerrak to inspect neutral shipping for contraband goods before returning to port on the 25th. From 14 to 16 December,
519:
stern of her sisters. The other Type 23s had an overall length of 87.7 meters (287 ft 9 in) and had a waterline length of 85.7 meters (281 ft 2 in). All of the ships had a
1403:
and three other torpedo boats, failed in her attempt to break through the Bay of Biscay when she was spotted by
British aircraft and forced to return by heavy aerial attacks on 9–11 April.
1204:
was proceeding to
Germany without an escort two days later, she too was crippled by a British submarine off the Danish coast and all five boats responded to render assistance.
382:
was torpedoed during this time and did not return to service until 1942. They started laying minefields themselves in
September and continued to do so for the rest of the war.
622:(3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). The effective range proved to be only 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at that speed.
1536:, sortied multiple times from Le Havre over the next week in attempts to sink Allied shipping. They were generally unsuccessful, only sinking the Norwegian destroyer
1467:
and sank one of them. Between 26 April and 1 May, the flotilla laid five minefields in the
Channel. Three weeks later, they were ordered to transfer from
1371:
1271:
had a shorter refit at the same dockyard that lasted April to May. All four boats were then transferred to the
Skagerrak for convoy escort duties.
487:, the Type 23 torpedo boat was slightly larger, but had a similar armament and speed. The boats were drier than the older design, but had a lot of
2754:
2150:
1387:
was working up through the first couple of months of 1943; in March, she helped to escort the battleships and other ships as they moved from
693:
per gun. During the war a quadruple 2 cm mount was added just forward of No. 2 gun, three 2 cm guns were positioned around the aft
2267:
969:
were assigned to the 4th
Torpedo Boat Flotilla. Both flotillas made several deployments to Spain during the Spanish Civil War. After the
347:
1332:
was not fully operational until early 1942 and was transferred to France in May of that year. The flotilla escorted the commerce raider
2759:
481:
343:
610:), although maximum speeds ranged from 33.69 to 31.65 knots (62.39 to 58.62 km/h; 38.77 to 36.42 mph) on the ships'
2037:
2014:
1995:
1954:
1932:
1228:
into the Channel twice in October, sinking four small Allied vessels on the second occasion. The flotilla was transferred to
2530:
2292:
2234:
1290:
was not refitted and rejoined the 5th Flotilla in France in January 1942 and was followed by her sisters as they finished
429:, however, was refitting through all of 1942 and was then assigned to escort duty in Norwegian waters before joining her
389:
where they were assigned escort duties. Most of the surviving ships returned to France in 1942 and helped to escort the
2764:
2143:
1515:
began a lengthy refit in Le Havre, but was cannibalized for spare parts after the Allies landed in Normandy on 6 June.
649:. The mounts had a range of elevation from -10° to +50° and the guns fired 17.4-kilogram (38 lb) projectiles at a
2687:
2442:
2119:
2100:
2078:
2059:
1976:
1291:
2502:
2299:
1078:
1621:
2260:
1323:
1243:
was transferred to Norway at the beginning of the year and escorted minelayer over the next several months while
758:
42:
1016:
transferred to the newly formed 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla. The other boats were either refitting or in reserve.
2769:
1947:
Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1333:
536:
159:
2677:
2136:
1298:
1110:
983:
1286:
received a lengthy refit at Rotterdam that lasted from December 1941 to December 1942. Unlike her sisters,
2403:
2376:
2350:
2336:
2191:
2177:
979:
878:
854:
682:
669:. After 1931, the torpedo tubes were replaced by 533-millimeter (21 in) tubes which probably used the
418:
359:
2651:
2304:
1304:
1056:
from 3 to 5 October that captured four ships. On 13, 18 and 19 November, the 6th Flotilla and one or two
937:
Most of the boats were initially assigned to the 4th Torpedo Boat Half Flotilla. By the end of 1936, the
2170:
750:
377:
2318:
2276:
2253:
2198:
1310:
1199:
1069:
973:
825:
441:
566:
and they had two sets of turbines, each driving a single three-bladed 2.5-meter (8 ft 2 in)
2396:
2343:
2205:
2184:
1175:
803:
781:
737:
654:
634:
447:
424:
287:
1883:
Rohwer, pp. 57–58, 143, 151, 165, 198, 215; Whitley 1991, pp. 119–121, 144, 208; Whitley 2000, p. 58
1589:
1149:
1185:
1133:
2311:
1531:
1121:
846:
508:
1571:
on 28 June and was then declared a total loss after being hit by bombs on 31 July or 2 August.
992:. Two days later the ship did so, accompanied by the four boats of the 2nd Flotilla, including
665:
in two triple mounts (the first triple mounts in German service) and could also carry up to 30
552:
457:
2484:
2449:
2428:
2355:
900:
583:
2245:
1148:
ferried troops to the Oslofjord and then searched for survivors of the sunken heavy cruiser
2641:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2515:
2510:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2435:
2221:
1613:
1568:
690:
461:
91:
8:
2682:
2646:
2631:
2578:
2520:
1856:
Haar 2009, pp. 83–84, 119–123, 128–129, 147–151, 153, 155–157, 163, 207–214, 377–379, 382
1625:
1537:
631:
603:
2461:
595:
216:
2636:
2626:
2611:
2088:
1339:
1114:
896:
653:
of 710 m/s (2,300 ft/s). Many guns were altered to use the ammunition of the
547:
were 798 long tons (811 t) and 1,213 long tons (1,232 t) respectively. Their
516:
355:
210:
23:
2697:
559:
that covered 96% of their length. Their crew consisted of 4 officers and 116 sailors.
2616:
2606:
2115:
2096:
2074:
2055:
2033:
2026:
2010:
1991:
1972:
1950:
1928:
685:
587:
571:
548:
1328:
through the Channel despite heavy British attacks, damaging two British destroyers.
1232:
later that month and its ships laid two more minefields in the Channel in December.
1028:
was transferred to the 6th Torpedo Boat Flotilla. All of the Type 23s supported the
464:
in June with little success and they were sunk by British bombers later that month.
2621:
2601:
2284:
1971:. Vol. 1: Major Surface Warships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2047:
1024:
At the beginning of the war in September 1939, the 4th Flotilla was disbanded and
507:
of 87 meters (285 ft 5 in) and was 84.7 meters (277 ft 11 in)
376:
and escorting ships before the ships were transferred to France around September.
2456:
2410:
2365:
2007:
The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 – April 1940
1942:
1624:, while the L/45 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/45 gun is 45
1544:
1320:
1221:
650:
520:
406:
402:
394:
1964:
913:
1560:
1158:
ferried the troops that captured the undefended town of Arendal before joining
870:
705:
638:
607:
575:
504:
365:
180:
2748:
2692:
2420:
2388:
1518:
As the Allies began landing in Normandy, the 5th Flotilla, now consisting of
1464:
1359:
1358:
was one of the escorts for German blockade runners sailing from ports in the
1351:
1319:
during the Channel Dash. From 12 March to 2 April, the flotilla escorted the
1057:
970:
762:
694:
619:
579:
563:
556:
512:
414:
265:
239:
2707:
2702:
2328:
1316:
662:
524:
488:
398:
390:
351:
338:
332:
327:
319:
294:
138:
77:
62:
2052:
Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
1499:
was struck by two bombs. She sank a few hours later after being towed by
1264:
1229:
1125:
698:
670:
642:
599:
500:
477:
446:
was badly damaged by a mine in May. The two surviving operational boats,
430:
253:
2128:
1559:. She finally sank on 16 June after some weapons and equipment had been
1081:
in April 1940, all six boats played a minor role in the initial attack.
2368:
1295:
1061:
842:
666:
646:
300:
2054:(Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1436:
helped to lay two minefields in the English Channel on 3–5 September.
1411:
to Trondheim and then to Kiel between 27 April and 3 May. On 3–7 May,
1354:
from June to August and returned to France. In September and October,
1247:
escorted a single minelaying mission in the Channel during that time.
1032:
mining operations that began on 3 September 1939. Together with three
989:
268:(3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
2592:
2471:
1468:
1392:
1388:
1260:
1181:
1132:
leading to on the evening of 8/9 April. She then participated in the
1129:
1053:
1033:
1029:
732:
611:
567:
540:
410:
386:
373:
369:
166:
1338:
through the English Channel from 12 to 19 May, during which British
179:
87 or 87.7 m (285 ft 5 in or 287 ft 9 in) (
1472:
1378:
1191:
1049:
982:
aircraft on 29 May 1938, Adolf Hitler ordered her sister ship, the
942:
615:
591:
528:
220:
151:
1408:
674:
1628:, meaning that the gun is 45 times as long as it is in diameter.
1093:
were assigned to support the attack on the Norwegian capital of
1074:
made contraband patrols in the Skaggerak, impounding six ships.
468:, the last survivor, was wrecked by bombers at the end of July.
2672:
2667:
2588:
1425:
1275:
was briefly refitted at Rotterdam from November–December while
1225:
918:
1892:
Rohwer, pp. 148, 241, 254, 256, 270, 279; Whitley 1991, p. 144
1000:. Around June 1938, the flotillas were again reorganized with
436:
In 1944, the Type 23s were mostly occupied with laying mines.
385:
After refits in early 1941, the boats were transferred to the
2275:
1444:
followed this with another minefield there later that month.
1166:
ferried reinforcements to Kristiansand. Despite an escort by
922:
709:
532:
155:
929:(the leftmost boat) can be recognized by her rounded stern.
661:
The boats carried six above-water 50 cm (19.7 in)
645:
gun was on an open mount while the others were protected by
2069:
Sieche, Erwin (1980). "Germany". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.).
1094:
2093:
Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
1428:
through the Bay and continued to do so into early August.
1162:
at Kristiansand after the garrison there had surrendered.
614:. They carried a maximum of 321 tonnes (316 long tons) of
562:
The Type 1923s were the first German ships to use geared
1910:
Rohwer, pp. 324, 331–332, 335, 345; Whitley 1991, p. 158
1495:
were attacked by Allied aircraft early the next day and
368:. The Type 23s spent the next several months escorting
689:
4,800 meters (5,200 yd). Each ship carried 2,000
1874:
Rohwer, pp. 43, 45, 51–52; Whitley 1991, pp. 109, 208
1747:
1745:
1282:
s refit lasted from December 1941 to February 1942.
423:
was sunk escorting a commerce raider in early 1942.
1901:
Rohwer, pp. 312, 317–318, 324; Whitley 1991, p. 158
1447:The 4th and 5th Torpedo Boat Flotillas, consisting
2025:
1796:Whitley 1991, pp. 47, 202; Whitley 2000, pp. 57–58
1742:
523:of 8.25 meters (27 ft 1 in), and a mean
165:1,213 or 1,290 long tons (1,232 or 1,311 t) (
2071:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
2746:
1710:
1708:
586:). The turbines were designed to produce 23,000
527:of 3.65 meters (12 ft). They displaced 923
1198:with a pair of torpedoes. As the heavy cruiser
2114:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2032:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2009:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1927:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1370:helped to escort the Italian blockade runner,
2261:
2144:
1705:
1381:through the Bay of Biscay on 29–30 November.
701:, all in single mounts. Around 1944 a FuMB 4
393:sailing from France to Germany through the
2268:
2254:
2151:
2137:
2277:German naval ship classes of World War II
2158:
2028:The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940
1184:torpedoed and crippled the light cruiser
574:that operated at a pressure of 18.5
471:
336:during the 1920s. As part of the renamed
1941:
1922:
1865:Rohwer, pp. 20, 22; Whitley 1991, p. 104
1475:and departed on the night of 23/24 May.
933:is leaving port in the right background.
912:
630:As built, the Type 23s mounted three 42-
2109:
2087:
1988:The Battle for Norway – April–June 1940
1547:on the night of 14/15 June, bombs sank
1294:. They joined the escort force for the
1122:fired the opening shots of the invasion
988:to bombard the Republican-held city of
941:had reorganized its torpedo boats into
625:
28:Right elevation and plan of the Type 23
2747:
2068:
2046:
1963:
1804:
1802:
1346:and another torpedo boat on the 13th.
673:. It had a 300-kilogram (660 lb)
539:and 1,290 long tons (1,310 t) at
293:2 Ă— triple 500 mm (19.7 in)
2755:World War II torpedo boats of Germany
2249:
2132:
2023:
2004:
1990:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1985:
1949:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1834:
1832:
1698:
1696:
1543:on 6 June. During an air raid by the
1507:struck a mine and had to be towed by
953:in the 2nd Torpedo Boat Flotilla and
697:and another pair were mounted on the
637:guns, one forward and two aft of the
635:10.5-centimeter (4.1 in) SK L/45
2235:German torpedo boats of World War II
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1530:and the newly refitted torpedo boat
413:through the English Channel and the
1799:
1395:. Another Italian blockade runner,
1136:later that morning with her sister
1134:capture of the naval base at Horten
13:
2112:German Destroyers of World War Two
1829:
1693:
1190:on 9 April, so that she had to be
1048:made anti-shipping patrols in the
798:Sunk by aircraft, 14/15 June 1944
354:, they played a minor role in the
191:8.25 m (27 ft 1 in)
130:General characteristics (as built)
14:
2781:
2760:Torpedo boats of the Kriegsmarine
2073:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1717:
1662:
1511:for the remainder of the voyage.
440:was sunk by British aircraft and
256:(59–63 km/h; 37–39 mph)
1641:gun nomenclature, SK stands for
570:, using steam provided by three
499:, was slightly smaller than her
70:
55:
22:
1969:German Warships 1815–1945
1916:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1820:
1811:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1631:
1019:
776:Sunk by aircraft, 16 June 1944
759:Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven
683:2-centimeter (0.8 in) C/30
43:Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven
1733:
1684:
1645:(ship's gun), C/30 stands for
1606:
1581:
1407:screened a light cruiser from
1060:met destroyers returning from
1004:going to the 4th Flotilla and
820:Sunk by aircraft, 24 May 1944
1:
1925:Naval Weapons of World War II
1656:
1144:ran aground and was wrecked.
917:Four Type 23 boats docked in
2095:. London: Cassell & Co.
1235:
1124:as she crippled a Norwegian
618:which gave a range of 1,800
555:and they were fitted with a
495:The first ship to be built,
7:
10:
2786:
1620:) denotes that the gun is
1267:, from March to May 1941.
908:
873:and wrecked, 9 April 1940
417:throughout 1942 and 1943.
350:in the late 1930s. During
342:, the boats made multiple
326:class) was a group of six
288:10.5 cm (4.1 in)
2765:Ships of the Reichsmarine
2716:
2660:
2587:
2529:
2470:
2419:
2387:
2364:
2327:
2283:
2230:
2216:
2166:
1808:Whitley 1991, pp. 207–208
1649:(construction year) 1930.
877:
853:
849:31 July or 2 August 1944
824:
802:
780:
757:
749:
744:
741:
736:
731:
728:
725:
129:
33:
21:
2024:Haarr, Geirr H. (2009).
2005:Haarr, Geirr H. (2013).
1986:Haarr, Geirr H. (2010).
1616:gun nomenclature, "SK" (
1574:
1315:on 12 February 1942 off
715:
511:because she had a round
480:-era large torpedo boat
401:. They helped to escort
344:non-intervention patrols
199:3.65 m (12 ft)
2110:Whitley, M. J. (1991).
1923:Campbell, John (1985).
1817:Whitley 1991, pp. 77–79
1503:. About an hour later,
847:constructive total loss
553:watertight compartments
433:in France in mid-1943.
1847:Rohwer, pp. 2, 6, 8–11
1600:
1590:Seiner Majestät Schiff
1309:and the heavy cruiser
934:
472:Design and description
2770:Type 23 torpedo boats
2160:Type 23 torpedo boats
1760:Campbell, pp. 248–249
1739:Friedman, pp. 130–131
1259:were all refitted at
1174:and the torpedo boat
1068:and the torpedo boat
916:
901:action of 13 May 1942
708:was installed as was
515:rather than the flat
509:long at the waterline
2723:Single ship of class
2678:M-class minesweepers
2652:Uncompleted projects
1826:Haar 2013, pp. 32–33
1730:Whitley 1991, p. 202
1614:Imperial German Navy
1128:at the mouth of the
1117:on the south coast.
1111:capture Kristiansand
1109:were tasked to help
626:Armament and sensors
598:) for a speed of 33
551:was divided into 13
462:Invasion of Normandy
364:being lost when she
312:Type 23 torpedo boat
92:Type 24 torpedo boat
2683:F-class escort ship
1838:Whitley 1991, p. 79
1751:Whitley 1991, p. 45
1702:Gröner, pp. 191–192
1690:Whitley 1991, p. 47
1362:en route to Japan.
1340:motor torpedo boats
722:
314:(also known as the
2688:Auxiliary cruisers
1601:His Majesty's Ship
1587:"SMS" stands for "
1555:and badly damaged
1140:. That afternoon,
1079:Invasion of Norway
935:
836:22 September 1926
792:29 September 1926
721:Construction data
720:
686:anti-aircraft guns
572:water-tube boilers
543:. The figures for
356:Norwegian Campaign
211:water-tube boilers
2742:
2741:
2285:Aircraft carriers
2243:
2242:
2039:978-1-59114-310-9
2016:978-1-59114-331-4
1997:978-1-84832-057-4
1956:978-1-84832-100-7
1934:978-0-87021-459-2
1207:Later that month
906:
905:
833:17 November 1925
789:17 November 1925
588:metric horsepower
476:Derived from the
460:ships during the
348:Spanish Civil War
308:
307:
154:(811 or 938
88:Succeeded by
2777:
2503:Type 1936A(Mob)/
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2106:
2084:
2065:
2043:
2031:
2020:
2001:
1982:
1960:
1943:Friedman, Norman
1938:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1787:Campbell, p. 258
1785:
1779:
1778:Campbell, p. 219
1776:
1770:
1769:Campbell, p. 263
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1715:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1650:
1647:Constructionjahr
1635:
1629:
1618:Schnelladekanone
1610:
1604:
1598:
1585:
1350:was refitted in
1281:
895:Sunk by British
723:
719:
407:commerce raiders
403:blockade runners
76:
74:
73:
61:
59:
58:
26:
19:
18:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2712:
2698:Marinefährprahm
2656:
2583:
2525:
2466:
2415:
2383:
2366:Pre-dreadnought
2360:
2323:
2279:
2274:
2244:
2239:
2226:
2212:
2162:
2157:
2122:
2103:
2081:
2062:
2040:
2017:
1998:
1979:
1957:
1935:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1636:
1632:
1611:
1607:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1545:Royal Air Force
1321:commerce raider
1279:
1238:
1222:English Channel
1022:
911:
886:5 October 1925
861:5 October 1925
845:, 23 May 1944,
811:5 October 1925
773:1 October 1926
718:
651:muzzle velocity
628:
474:
395:English Channel
204:Installed power
71:
69:
56:
54:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2421:Light cruisers
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2405:Admiral Hipper
2401:
2393:
2391:
2389:Heavy cruisers
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2107:
2101:
2089:Whitley, M. J.
2085:
2079:
2066:
2060:
2048:Rohwer, JĂĽrgen
2044:
2038:
2021:
2015:
2002:
1996:
1983:
1977:
1961:
1955:
1939:
1933:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1732:
1716:
1714:Sieche, p. 237
1704:
1692:
1683:
1681:Gröner, p. 191
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1630:
1605:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:decommissioned
1399:, escorted by
1237:
1234:
1058:light cruisers
1021:
1018:
985:Admiral Scheer
978:was bombed by
910:
907:
904:
903:
893:
892:15 March 1927
890:
887:
884:
875:
874:
868:
865:
862:
859:
851:
850:
840:
837:
834:
831:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
778:
777:
774:
771:
770:24 March 1926
768:
765:
756:
747:
746:
743:
740:
735:
730:
727:
717:
714:
706:radar detector
639:superstructure
627:
624:
620:nautical miles
594:; 23,000
564:steam turbines
505:overall length
473:
470:
330:built for the
306:
305:
304:
303:
297:
291:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
262:
258:
257:
250:
246:
245:
244:
243:
236:
231:
227:
226:
225:
224:
213:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
171:
170:
163:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
83:
82:
67:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
34:Class overview
31:
30:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2782:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Vorpostenboot
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2531:Torpedo boats
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2329:Capital ships
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:Graf Zeppelin
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:Followed by:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2121:1-55750-302-8
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2102:1-85409-521-8
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2080:0-85177-146-7
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2061:1-59114-119-2
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1978:0-87021-790-9
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:Gröner, Erich
1962:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1648:
1644:
1643:Schiffskanone
1640:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:Cape Barfleur
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:, Norway, to
1390:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:Bay of Biscay
1357:
1353:
1352:Wilhelmshaven
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:
981:
977:
976:
972:
971:heavy cruiser
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
902:
898:
894:
891:
889:15 July 1926
888:
885:
882:
881:
876:
872:
869:
866:
864:15 July 1926
863:
860:
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
841:
839:15 July 1928
838:
835:
832:
829:
828:
823:
819:
817:15 July 1927
816:
814:15 July 1926
813:
810:
807:
806:
801:
797:
795:15 July 1928
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
779:
775:
772:
769:
767:2 March 1925
766:
764:
763:Wilhelmshaven
760:
754:
753:
748:
739:
734:
724:
713:
711:
707:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
684:
679:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:torpedo tubes
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:(17,000
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
557:double bottom
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:standard load
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:cruiser stern
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
490:
486:
485:
479:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
444:
439:
434:
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:
416:
415:Bay of Biscay
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:capital ships
388:
383:
381:
380:
375:
372:as they laid
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
334:
329:
328:torpedo boats
325:
321:
317:
313:
302:
298:
296:
295:torpedo tubes
292:
289:
285:
284:
283:
280:
279:
275:
272:
271:
267:
263:
260:
259:
255:
251:
248:
247:
241:
240:steam turbine
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
228:
222:
219:(17,000
218:
214:
212:
208:
207:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
182:
178:
175:
174:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
108:
106:In commission
105:
104:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
80:
68:
66:
65:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
41:
38:
37:
32:
25:
20:
2708:Sperrbrecher
2703:Siebel ferry
2538:
2504:
2496:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2344:
2337:
2312:
2305:
2293:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2159:
2111:
2092:
2070:
2051:
2027:
2006:
1987:
1968:
1946:
1924:
1917:Bibliography
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1822:
1813:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1735:
1686:
1646:
1642:
1639:Kriegsmarine
1638:
1633:
1622:quick firing
1617:
1608:
1588:
1583:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1342:(MTBs) sank
1334:
1329:
1324:
1317:Cap Gris-Nez
1311:
1305:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1180:, a British
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1118:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1025:
1023:
1020:World War II
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
984:
974:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:Kriegsmarine
938:
936:
930:
926:
883:(Sea Eagle)
879:
867:15 May 1928
855:
826:
804:
782:
751:
702:
699:bridge wings
680:
660:
629:
578:(1,814
561:
544:
501:sister ships
496:
494:
489:weather helm
483:
475:
465:
453:
448:
442:
437:
435:
431:sister ships
425:
419:
399:Channel Dash
384:
378:
360:
352:World War II
339:Kriegsmarine
337:
333:Reichsmarine
331:
323:
320:bird of prey
315:
311:
309:
215:23,000
145:Displacement
139:Torpedo boat
79:Kriegsmarine
78:
64:Reichsmarine
63:
2735:Conversions
2495:Type 1936A/
2462:Spähkreuzer
2398:Deutschland
2378:Deutschland
2369:battleships
2338:Scharnhorst
1538:HNoMS
1374:Cortellazzo
1312:Prinz Eugen
1300:Scharnhorst
1296:battleships
1265:Netherlands
1230:St. Nazaire
1126:patrol boat
1077:During the
975:Deutschland
931:Deutschland
925:, in 1938.
899:during the
871:Ran aground
671:G7a torpedo
655:SK C/32 gun
647:gun shields
643:superfiring
582:; 263
503:and had an
478:World War I
456:, attacked
366:ran aground
346:during the
286:3 Ă— single
264:1,800
238:2 Ă— geared
150:798 or 923
2749:Categories
2642:Type XXIII
2593:submarines
2516:Type 1936C
2511:Type 1936B
2485:Type 1934A
2472:Destroyers
2444:Königsberg
1657:References
1292:working up
1062:minelaying
1034:destroyers
980:Republican
808:(Griffon)
755:(Seagull)
742:Completed
681:A pair of
641:; the aft
612:sea trials
606:; 38
531:(938
411:submarines
374:minefields
370:minelayers
273:Complement
235:2 Ă— shafts
230:Propulsion
16:Ship class
2729:Cancelled
2647:Type XXVI
2632:Type XVII
2521:Type 1942
2490:Type 1936
2480:Type 1934
1596:‹See Tfd›
1469:Cherbourg
1393:Altafjord
1389:Trondheim
1306:Gneisenau
1261:Rotterdam
1236:1941–1944
1187:Karlsruhe
1182:submarine
1130:Oslofjord
1054:Skaggerak
1030:North Sea
943:flotillas
830:(Condor)
786:(Falcon)
733:Laid down
602:(61
568:propeller
541:deep load
529:long tons
482:SMS
387:Skaggerak
358:of 1940,
322:) or the
316:Raubvogel
167:deep load
152:long tons
114:Completed
109:1926–1944
101:1925–1928
49:Operators
2637:Type XXI
2627:Type XIV
2612:Type VII
2345:Bismarck
2313:Seydlitz
2193:Albatros
2179:Seeadler
2091:(2000).
2050:(2005).
1967:(1990).
1945:(2011).
1599:German:
1561:salvaged
1473:Le Havre
1397:Himalaya
1379:Bordeaux
1372:SS
1344:Seeadler
1277:Seeadler
1257:Seeadler
1245:Seeadler
1192:scuttled
1172:Seeadler
1160:Seeadler
1142:Albatros
1119:Albatros
1115:Aarendal
1107:Seeadler
1083:Albatros
1066:Seeadler
1050:Kattegat
1038:Albatros
1026:Seeadler
1002:Seeadler
998:Albatros
994:Seeadler
951:Seeadler
947:Albatros
880:Seeadler
856:Albatros
738:Launched
729:Builder
616:fuel oil
420:Seeadler
361:Albatros
281:Armament
160:standard
39:Builders
2673:R boats
2668:E-boats
2617:Type IX
2607:Type II
2589:U-boats
2579:Ausland
2574:Type 44
2569:Type 41
2564:Type 40
2559:Type 39
2554:Type 37
2549:Type 35
2544:Type 24
2539:Type 23
2451:Leipzig
2430:Gazelle
2222:Type 24
1626:caliber
1540:Svenner
1426:U-boats
1409:Harstad
1377:, from
1226:sortied
1151:BlĂĽcher
990:AlmerĂa
909:Service
703:Sumatra
675:warhead
632:caliber
517:transom
397:in the
2622:Type X
2602:Type I
2505:Narvik
2497:Narvik
2200:Kondor
2118:
2099:
2077:
2058:
2036:
2013:
1994:
1975:
1953:
1931:
1565:Kondor
1553:Jaguar
1528:Jaguar
1513:Kondor
1505:Kondor
1493:Jaguar
1489:Kondor
1461:Jaguar
1457:Kondor
1438:Kondor
1434:Kondor
1421:Jaguar
1419:, and
1401:Kondor
1368:Kondor
1325:Michel
1273:Kondor
1249:Kondor
1213:Kondor
1201:LĂĽtzow
1138:Kondor
1097:while
1087:Kondor
1071:Jaguar
1010:Kondor
963:Kondor
919:Naples
827:Kondor
695:funnel
691:rounds
466:Kondor
458:Allied
443:Kondor
252:32–34
176:Length
75:
60:
2661:Other
2437:Emden
2207:Falke
2186:Greif
1575:Notes
1549:Falke
1524:Falke
1497:Greif
1485:Falke
1477:Greif
1449:Greif
1442:Greif
1413:Greif
1405:Greif
1385:Greif
1364:Falke
1348:Falke
1335:Stier
1288:Falke
1284:Greif
1280:'
1269:Greif
1253:Falke
1241:Falke
1209:Greif
1196:Greif
1177:Luchs
1168:Greif
1164:Falke
1156:Greif
1103:Greif
1099:Falke
1046:Greif
1042:Falke
1006:Greif
959:Greif
955:Falke
945:with
923:Italy
843:Mined
805:Greif
783:Falke
745:Fate
726:Name
716:Ships
710:radar
667:mines
600:knots
576:kg/cm
535:) at
525:draft
449:Falke
438:Greif
426:Greif
301:mines
261:Range
254:knots
249:Speed
196:Draft
98:Built
2306:Jade
2172:Möwe
2116:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1567:was
1557:Möwe
1551:and
1520:Möwe
1509:Möwe
1501:Möwe
1491:and
1481:Möwe
1453:Möwe
1440:and
1432:and
1430:Möwe
1417:Möwe
1366:and
1356:Möwe
1330:Möwe
1303:and
1255:and
1224:and
1217:Möwe
1215:and
1146:Möwe
1113:and
1095:Oslo
1091:Möwe
1089:and
1052:and
1044:and
1014:Möwe
1012:and
996:and
967:Möwe
965:and
949:and
927:Möwe
897:MTBs
752:Möwe
604:km/h
549:hull
545:Möwe
521:beam
497:Möwe
484:H145
454:Möwe
452:and
409:and
379:Möwe
324:Möwe
310:The
290:guns
242:sets
209:3 Ă—
188:Beam
135:Type
122:Lost
1637:In
1612:In
1593:" (
1533:T29
1471:to
1194:by
608:mph
596:shp
584:psi
580:kPa
299:30
276:127
266:nmi
217:shp
181:o/a
158:) (
2751::
2319:II
1831:^
1801:^
1744:^
1719:^
1707:^
1695:^
1664:^
1603:).
1563:.
1526:,
1522:,
1487:,
1483:,
1479:,
1459:,
1455:,
1451:,
1415:,
1263:,
1251:,
1211:,
1170:,
1154:.
1105:,
1101:,
1085:,
1040:,
1036:,
1008:,
961:,
957:,
921:,
761:,
712:.
592:kW
405:,
221:kW
2732:V
2726:X
2720:S
2595:)
2591:(
2457:M
2411:P
2356:O
2351:H
2300:I
2269:e
2262:t
2255:v
2152:e
2145:t
2138:v
2124:.
2105:.
2083:.
2064:.
2042:.
2019:.
2000:.
1981:.
1959:.
1937:.
533:t
318:(
223:)
183:)
169:)
162:)
156:t
125:6
117:6
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