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1353:. Life was tragic, according to Unamuno, because of the knowledge that we are to die. He explains much of human activity as an attempt to survive, in some form, after our death. Unamuno summarized his personal creed thus: "My religion is to seek for truth in life and for life in truth, even knowing that I shall not find them while I live." He said, "Among men of flesh and bone there have been typical examples of those who possess this tragic sense of life. I recall now
237:
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951:(a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines, executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine Revolution). Millán Astray had fought in the Philippines and it was the reference to José Rizal that annoyed Millán Astray, who shouted "The traitoring intellectuals die".
873:. But unfortunately, Spain today has too many cripples. And, if God does not help us, soon it will have very many more. It torments me to think that General Millán Astray could dictate the norms of the psychology of the masses. A cripple, who lacks the spiritual greatness of Cervantes, hopes to find relief by adding to the number of cripples around him.
887:. In order to convince it is necessary to persuade, and to persuade you will need something that you lack: reason and right in the struggle. I see it is useless to ask you to think of Spain. I have spoken." Millán Astray, controlling himself, shouted "Take the lady's arm!" Unamuno took Carmen Polo by the arm and left under her protection.
1583:) (1920) – a religious work, divided into four parts, where Unamuno analyzes the figure of Christ from different perspectives: as a symbol of sacrifice and redemption, as a reflection on his Biblical names (Christ the myth, Christ the man on the cross, Christ, God, Christ the Eucharist), as poetic meaning, as painted by
586:"should commit suicide as a patriotic act". The Republican government had a serious problem with this statement, and on 22 August 1936, they decreed that Unamuno should once again be removed from his position as rector of the university. Moreover, the government removed his name from streets and replaced it with the name of
562:. He was a candidate on the Republican/Socialist ticket and was elected, after which he led a large demonstration in the Plaza Mayor in which he raised the Republic's flag and declared its victory. He always was a moderate and refused all political and anticlerical. In a speech delivered on 28 November 1932, at the
1289:) (1930) – a brief novella that synthesizes virtually all of Unamuno's thought. The novella centres on a heroic priest who has lost his faith in immortality, yet says nothing of his doubts to his parishioners, not wanting to disturb their faith, which he recognizes is a necessary support for their lives.
954:
As proof that the incident was nothing more than a crossroads of hard words, the photograph reproduced on the cover of his book shows Millán Astray and Miguel de
Unamuno calmly saying goodbye in the presence of Bishop Plà, with no tension between them. The photo was discovered in 2018 in the National
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What
Portillo did was to come up with a kind of liturgical drama, where you have an angel and a devil confronting one another. What he wanted to do above all was symbolise evil—fascism, militarism, brutality—through Millán Astray, and set it against the democratic values of the republicans—liberalism
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You are waiting for my words. You know me well, and know I cannot remain silent for long. Sometimes, to remain silent is to lie, since silence can be interpreted as assent. I want to comment on the so-called speech of
Professor Maldonado, who is with us here. I will ignore the personal offence to the
2332:
No, no me he convertido en un derechista. No haga usted caso de lo que dice la gente. No he traicionado la causa de la libertad. Pero es que, por ahora, es totalmente esencial que el orden sea restaurado. Pero cualquier día me levantaré—pronto—y me lanzaré a la lucha por la libertad, yo solo. No, no
1513:
Unamuno was probably the best
Spanish connoisseur of Portuguese culture, literature, and history of his time. He believed it was as important for a Spaniard to become familiar with the great names of Portuguese literature as with those of Catalan literature. He believed that Iberian countries should
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propaganda before. In fact, the Rabaté couple never defended this theory, since they have no new evidence to support it. These circumstances are, however, well known since the time of the events in 1936, and Aragón and
Unamuno had indeed a previous intellectual relationship. Additional telltale
543:, as close to Spain as he could get while remaining in France. Unamuno returned to Spain after the fall of General Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1930 and took up his rectorship again. It is said in Salamanca that the day he returned to the university, Unamuno began his lecture by saying, as
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Unamuno had supported Franco's uprising because he believed it necessary to bring order to the anarchy created by the
Popular Front, and that day he was representing General Franco in the event. By then the Republican Government had removed Unamuno from his perpetual rectory at the Salamanca
605:. When a journalist questioned how he could side with the military and "abandon a Republic that helped create," Unamuno responded, it "is not a fight against the liberal Republic, but a fight for civilization. What Madrid represents now is not socialism or democracy, or even communism."
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Delgado agrees that a "very fierce and violent verbal confrontation" between
Unamuno and Millán Astray definitely occurred, which led to Unamuno being removed from his rectorship, but he thinks that the famous speech attributed to Unamuno was invented and written by Luis Portillo."
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However, the tactics employed by the
Nationalist faction in the struggle against their republican opponents caused Unamuno to also turn against Franco. Unamuno said that the military revolt would lead to the victory of "a brand of Catholicism that is not Christian and of a paranoid
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No, I have not become a right-winger. Pay no mind to what people say. No, I have not betrayed the cause of liberty. But for now, it's totally essential that order be restored. But one day I will rise up—soon—and throw myself into the fight for liberty, by myself. No, I am neither
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that have provoked the ire of those who do not understand what I have written, and being an expert in this matter, find this ridiculous paradox repellent. General Millán Astray is a cripple. There is no need for us to say this with whispered tones. He is a war cripple. So was
472:. Unamuno linked his liberalism with his hometown of Bilbao, which, through its commerce and connection with the civilized world, Unamuno believed had developed an individualism and independent outlook in stark contrast to the narrow-mindedness of
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was limited by certain legal guarantees. But now we have something worse: a police force which is grounded only on a general sense of panic and on the invention of non-existent dangers to cover up this over-stepping of the law."
1330:. He thought that history could best be understood by looking at the small histories of anonymous people, rather than by focusing on major events such as wars and political pacts. Some authors relativize the importance of
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Millán Astray responded: "Death to intelligence! Long live death!" provoking applause from the
Falangists. Pemán, in an effort to calm the crowd, exclaimed "No! Long live intelligence! Death to the bad intellectuals!"
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For
Unamuno, the art of poetry was a way of expressing spiritual problems. His themes were the same in his poetry as in his other fiction: spiritual anguish, the pain provoked by the silence of God, time and death.
3052:
Pérez, Rolando. “Karl Jaspers and Miguel de Unamuno on Reason in an Age of Irrationality.” Existenz: An International Journal in Philosophy, Religion, Politics, and the Arts. Vol. 15. No. 2. PDF: pp. 32–39.
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Unamuno: "Those who believe they believe in God, but without passion in the heart, without uncertainty, without doubt, and even at times without despair, believe only in the idea of God, and not in God himself."
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Unamuno, una muerte manipulada. El documental ‘Palabras para un fin del mundo’ cuestiona el relato oficial sobre el fallecimiento del escritor y el papel que jugó el falangista que le visitó en su casa
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to suggest that he may have been murdered by Bartolomé Aragón, the last person to have visited him, based on the fact that he falsely claimed to be a former student of his, was a fascist militant (and
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Unamuno took the floor, not to confront Millán Astray, but to answer a previous speech by Professor of Literature Francisco Maldonado who had identified Catalonia and the Basque Country with the "
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had not told the story of Don Quijote very well, cluttering it with unrelated tales. Unamuno intended this work to present Cervantes' story the way it should have been written. He felt that as a
1502:. In writing about the Church in 1932 during the second Spanish Republic, Unamuno urged the clergy to end their attacks on liberalism and instead embrace it as a way of rejuvenating the faith.
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for two periods: from 1900 to 1924 and 1930 to 1936, during a time of great social and political upheaval. During the 1910s and 1920s, he became one of the most passionate advocates of Spanish
1593:(1922) – something of a travel book, in which Unamuno expresses profound emotion and experiments with landscape both evocative and realistic (a theme typical of his generation of writers)
1102:) (1897) – a novel that explores the relationship of self and world through familiarity with death. It is based on his experiences as a child during the Carlist siege of Bilbao in the
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that "The barbarism is unanimous. It is a regime of terror on both sides." In one of his final letters, dated 13 December, Unamuno, in terms that were to be widely quoted, condemned the
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In the late nineteenth century Unamuno suffered a religious crisis and left the positivist philosophy. Then, in the early twentieth century, he developed his own thinking influenced by
597:, feeling that Spain's essential qualities would be destroyed if influenced too much by outside forces. Thus he initially welcomed Franco's revolt as necessary to rescue Spain from the
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947:" (Antispain). Unamuno himself was Basque and was revolted with Francisco Maldonado's speech, but when addressing the audience, Unamuno used the example of what had happened with
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Unamuno would have preferred to be a philosophy professor, but was unable to get an academic appointment; philosophy in Spain was somewhat politicized. Instead he became a
1758:
By symbolizing passion and creating a theatre austere both in word and presentation, Unamuno's theatre opened the way for the renaissance of Spanish theatre undertaken by
1791:. It was later recovered. In 1984 the head was installed in Plaza Unamuno near his birthplace. In 1999, it was again thrown into the estuary after a political meeting of
1314:
Unamuno's philosophy was not systematic but rather a negation of all systems and an affirmation of faith "in itself." He developed intellectually under the influence of
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1755:. What mattered to him was the presentation of the drama going on inside of the characters, because he understood the novel as a way of gaining knowledge about life.
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Unamuno's theatre is schematic; he did away with artifice and focused only on the conflicts and passions that affect the characters. This austerity was influenced by
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For a bird-figure folded by him in November 1936, see Vicente Palacios, Papirogami: Tradicional Arte del Papel Plegado (Barcelona: Miguel Salvatella, 1972), p. 122.
1448:. Since he was also a linguist (professor of Greek), he coined the word "cocotología" ("cocotology") to describe the art of paper folding. After the conclusion of
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1411:—men burdened with wisdom rather than with knowledge." He provides a stimulating discussion of the differences between faith and reason in his most famous work:
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at the time. He died as a result of the inhalation of gases from a brazier during a one hour long interview with a visitor. A recent theory cites a 2020 book by
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828:" This—Spain, one, great, and free—was a common Falangist cheer and would become a francoist motto thereafter. Later, a group of uniformed Falangists entered,
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1456:, 1902), he included in the volume, attributing it to one of the characters, "Notes for a Treatise on Cocotology" ("Apuntes para un tratado de cocotología").
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1563:) (1907) – his first collection of poetry, in which he outlined the themes that would dominate his poetics: religious conflict, Spain, and domestic life
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1013:), two screams from Unamuno heard by his maid during the Aragón visit and discrepancies in the time of death registered by the coroner and the authorities.
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in 1909, was one that sought to reconcile a great respect for individual freedom with a more interventionist state, bringing him to a position closer to
1422:
A historically influential paperfolder from childhood to his last, difficult days, in several works Unamuno ironically expressed philosophical views of
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927:, shows how the propaganda myth arose regarding the confrontation that took place that day between Miguel de Unamuno and the general Millán Astray.
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Unamuno was always attracted to traditional meters and, though his early poems did not rhyme, he subsequently turned to rhyme in his later works.
793:, the healer of Spain, will know how to exterminate them, cutting into the live flesh, like a determined surgeon free from false sentimentalism."
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Library and was part of the chronicle of the act that the newspaper "The Advancement of Salamanca" published the following day, 13 October 1936.
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He was elected in 1848 but never took the seat; He was elected in 1932 but never took the seat; He was elected in 1940 but never took the seat
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at the university in which he denounced both Astray—with whom he had had verbal battles in the 1920s—and elements of the Nationalist faction. (
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895:
In 2018, the details of Unamuno's speech were disputed by the historian Severiano Delgado, who argued that the account in a 1941 article by
1193:(a fan or student of Don Quixote) he was superior to Cervantes. The work is primarily of interest to those studying Unamuno, not Cervantes.
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652:) Shortly afterwards, Unamuno was removed for a second time as the rector of the University of Salamanca. A few days later he confided to
403:, contributed greatly to dissolving the boundaries between genres. There is some debate as to whether Unamuno was in fact a member of the
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1215:(1920) – a short novel on the threat of a man's public image undoing his true personality, a problem familiar to the famous Unamuno.
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was assassinated by an anarchist, he blamed it on the fact that Spain lacked a "true liberal democratic party" and in 1914 denounced the
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findings were: the lack of autopsy (despite having been mandatory, as the cause of death was determined to be a sudden death due to an
1185:. The book, on Unamuno's own admission, is of mixed genre with elements of personal essay, philosophy, and fiction. Unamuno felt that
1799:. It was substituted by a copy in 2000 after the original was located in the water. The original was installed in the mayor's office.
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in his thinking. Those authors say that more than a clear concept, it is an ambiguous metaphor. The term first appears in the essay
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Unamuno continued: "This is the temple of intelligence, and I am its high priest. You are profaning its sacred domain. You will win
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Questions such as individual spirituality, faith as a "vital lie", and the problem of a double personality were at the center of
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531:; his house there is now a museum, as is his house in Salamanca. From Fuerteventura he escaped to France, as related in his book
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523:. As a result of his vociferous criticisms of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, he lived in exile until 1930, first banished to
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1179:) (1914) – another key work of Unamuno, often perceived as one of the earliest works applying existential elements to
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In addition to his writing, Unamuno played an important role in the intellectual life of Spain. He served as rector of the
2055:, 2006. pp. 101–46. Azurmendi adds that Unamuno analyzed and rejected the Basque problem from a 19th century point of view
1521:
In the final analysis Unamuno's significance is that he was one of a number of notable interwar intellectuals, along with
1783:
was installed in the City Hall of Bilbao, Spain. It was withdrawn in 1936 when Unamuno showed temporary support for the
1257:(1924) – a narrative work that contains romantic poetry, achieving an ideal through the re-creation of the beloved.
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and goodness—represented by Unamuno. Portillo had no intention of misleading anyone; it was simply a literary evocation.
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Having begun his literary career as an internationalist, Unamuno gradually became convinced of the universal values of
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In 1901 Unamuno gave his well-known conference on the scientific and literary inviability of the Basque. According to
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and his great concern for the situation in which he found Spain at the time. An important concept for Unamuno was
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2918:[Opinion: 'Pichichi', from Hugo to Chicharito] (in Spanish). Goal.com. 2 September 2014. Archived from
2489:
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features a report of the famous Salamanca argument with Milan d'Astray, but seen from a Portuguese perspective.
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According to Delgado, Portillo's account of the speech became famous when a then very young British historian
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1243:) (1921) – his final large-scale novel, a work about maternity, a theme that he had already examined in
912:, asserts that Unamuno's words were put in his mouth by Luis Portillo, in 1941, possibly with some help from
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Unamuno's dislike for Manuel Azaña's ruling went so far as to tell a reporter who published his statement in
177:
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804:" . As was his habit, Millán Astray, the founder and first commander of the Spanish Legion, responded with "
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On 12 October 1936, the Spanish Civil War had been underway for just under three months; the celebration of
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477:
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1865:(Editorial Caminho, Lisboa, Portugal, 1984; English translation, HarcourtISBN 978-0-15-199735-0, 1991) by
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come together through the exchange of manifestations of the spirit but he was openly against any type of
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Arqueología de un mito: el acto del 12 de octubre de 1936 en el paraninfo de la Universidad de Salamanca
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1225:) (1920) – a much-studied work with a famous prologue. The title deliberately recalls the famous
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2775:"El Ayuntamiento de Bilbao restituye a su columna el busto de Unamuno nueve meses después de su robo"
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Miguel de Unamuno's Quest for Faith: A Kierkegaardian Understanding of Unamuno's Struggle to Believe
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Miguel de Unamuno's Quest for Faith: A Kierkegaardian Understanding of Unamuno's Struggle to Believe
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Unamuno died on 31 December 1936 during house arrest imposed by the military forces that occupied
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Archeology of a Myth: The act of October 12, 1936 in the auditorium of the University of Salamanca
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Sean Farrell Moran, "The Disease of Human Consciousness," in Oakland Journal, 12, 2007, 103–10
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Unamuno, Miguel de (1 September 1924). "Conferencia en "La Sociedad El Sitio"". El Socialista.
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despite Spain's official neutrality. Unamuno viewed the war as a crusade not just against the
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Dios te está soñando La narración como Imitatio Dei en Miguel de Unamuno por Costica Bradatan
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2544:"Un documental agita la historia al desmontar la versión oficial de la muerte de Unamuno"
2490:"Bartolomé Aragón, el eterno y "altamente improbable" sospechoso en la muerte de Unamuno"
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They will win, but they will not convince; they will conquer, but they will not convert."
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360:, the son of Félix de Unamuno and Salomé Jugo. As a young man, he was interested in the
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The Revolt of Unreason. Miguel de Unamuno and Antonio Caso on the Crisis of Modernity.
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and his 1924 exile in Fuerteventura due to his critics to Primo de Rivera is depicted.
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published an album of original music inspired by Unamuno's life and writing, entitled
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1998:
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962:, aged 30, came across it in a Horizon anthology while researching his seminal book,
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Unamuno, who was presiding over the meeting, rose up slowly and addressed the crowd:
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1995:
The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: alternative routes to nationalist mobilisation
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bred in the colonial campaigns," referring in the latter case to the 1921 war with
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Edited and with a foreword by Stella Villarmea. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2012.
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2446:"Spanish civil war speech invented by father of Michael Portillo, says historian"
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3099:(in Spanish) (1.. Anthema, 3.. del autor (corr.) ed.). Anthema Ediciones.
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2464:"Rabaté, biógrafo de Unamuno: "Hay dudas sobre su muerte, pero faltan pruebas""
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2891:"'Star Trek: Picard': Rios' Book Inspires Intriguing Theory About the Pilot"
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After his youthful sympathy for socialism ended, Unamuno gravitated towards
1322:, but during his youth he wrote articles that clearly show his sympathy for
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The Tragical as World Law and Humour as Aesthetic Shape of the Metaphysical
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Unamuno was removed from his two university chairs by the dictator General
508:, but against the monarchy in Spain, and intensified his attacks upon King
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2030:(2). Manchester, UK: John Rylands University Library, Manchester: 463–91.
1116:) (1902) – a novel uniting comedy and tragedy in an absurd parody of
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1537:, who resisted the intrusion of ideology into Western intellectual life.
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920:, entitled Unamuno's Last Lecture. Portillo had not witnessed the event.
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3049:
Pedro Blas González, "Unamuno: A Lyrical Essay, Floricanto Press, 2007."
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Azurmendi, Joxe. 2012: "Unamunoren atarian" in Alaitz Aizpuru (koord.),
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soy fascista ni bolchevique. ¡Estoy solo!...¡Solo, como Croce in Italia!
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The Meaning of Life: Christian Truth and Social Change in Latin America
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Litvak de Kravzov, Lily (January 1967). "Nikos Kazantzakis y España".
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Unamuno's dramatic production presents a philosophical progression.
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1004:) with opposed political ideas to Unamuno and had collaborated with
364:, which he could speak, and competed for a teaching position in the
236:
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1494:. Unamuno's conception of liberalism, elaborated in essays such as
1142:
488:. Along with many other Spanish writers and intellectuals, such as
286:
262:
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2571:"Bartolomé Aragón, el testigo de las últimas palabras de Unamuno"
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884:, because you have enough brute force. But you will not convince
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Spain's 1898 Crisis: Regenerationism, Modernism, Postcolonialism
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Spain's 1898 Crisis: Regenerationism, Modernism, Postcolonialism
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Anti-Natalism: Rejectionist Philosophy from Buddhism to Benatar
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2020:"The Spanish ?Generation of 1898?: I. The history of a concept"
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to distinguish it from the supposedly fixed form of the novel (
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In 1936 Unamuno had a public argument with Nationalist general
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349:
266:
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The Conspiracy Against the Human Race: A Contrivance of Horror
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Vida de don Miguel: Unamuno, un hombre en lucha con su leyenda
1159:) (1914) – one of Unamuno's key works, which he called a
2732:
Sean Farrell Moran, "The Disease of Human Consciousness," in
388:
384:
357:
258:
218:
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2158:
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Artículos Olvidados Sobre España y la Primera Guerra Mundial
1974:
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773:(1961), the evening began with an impassioned speech by the
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1206:
1202:
899:(who was not present at Salamanca) in the British magazine
2845:
2155:
840:
Basques and Catalans. I myself, as you know, was born in
701:
Broken-hearted, Unamuno was placed under house arrest by
2418:
2199:
905:
may not have been an accurate representation of events.
796:
From somewhere in the auditorium, someone cried out the
723:
had brought together a politically diverse crowd at the
535:. After a year in Paris, Unamuno established himself in
1802:
In 2021, United States based jazz pianist and composer
1787:
side. During the Spanish Civil War, it was thrown into
551:, "As we were saying yesterday..." (Decíamos ayer...).
3604:
Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860–1900
747:
University and the rebel government had restored him.
257:; 29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish
789:
as "cancers on the body of the nation," adding that "
647:
3616:
Dark Matters: Pessimism and the Problem of Suffering
3010:
Unamuno y Candamo: Amistad y Epistolario (1899–1936)
2828:"Victorio Macho y Unamuno: notas para un centenario"
908:
Severiano Delgado, a historian and librarian at the
781:. After this, Professor Francisco Maldonado decried
715:
José Millán-Astray § Confrontation with Unamuno
677:
On 21 November, he wrote to the Italian philosopher
372:. The contest was finally won by the Basque scholar
324:
calls "the most acclaimed Spanish Modernist novel".
2328:
Miguel de Unamuno, estudios sobre su obra, Volume 4
1828:, directed by Manuel Menchón, Unamuno is played by
708:
3610:Depressive Realism: Interdisciplinary perspectives
2363:
2259:
2108:Neutral Europe Between War and Revolution, 1917–23
1909:"'The Tragic Sense of Life', by Miguel de Unamuno"
3722:
3114:Portillo, Luis (1941). "Unamuno's Last Lecture".
2653:Tragic Sense Of Life, I The Man Of Flesh And Bone
2344:
848:Unamuno gestured to the Archbishop of Salamanca,
547:had done after four years of imprisonment by the
3882:
2613:Walking on Water: Reflections on Faith & Art
2302:The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction
2262:The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction
2242:
1267:) (1927) – the autopsy of an Unamuno novel.
890:
852:whether you like it or not, is Catalan, born in
423:(Azorín)—a group that includes, besides Azorín,
2137:"Casa museo Miguel de Unamuno en Fuerteventura"
750:There are different versions of what occurred.
49: and the second or maternal family name is
3055:https://existenz.us/volumes/Vol.15-2Perez.html
2185:The United States and Spain. An Interpretation
966:, and mistakenly took it as a primary source.
832:the portrait of Franco that hung on the wall.
753:
30:"Unamuno" redirects here. For other uses, see
4046:Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
3708:
3343:
3230:
3060:Rabaté, Jean-Claude; Rabaté, Colette (2009).
2684:
2675:(Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2014), p. 158.
2064:
1997:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 57.
1861:The climax of the fiction (and meta-fiction)
1201:(1917) – a novel that uses the story of
3130:Biography, images and curiosities of Unamuno
3059:
3030:
2978:Bakea gudan. Unamuno, historia eta karlismoa
2889:Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (13 February 2020).
2431:
2247:. Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno.
2205:
1980:
1792:
1016:
856:. But now I have heard this insensitive and
519:in 1924, over the protests of other Spanish
3357:
3202:Newspaper clippings about Miguel de Unamuno
2916:"Opinión: 'Pichichi', de Hugo a Chicharito"
2700:Morejón, Julio García (29 September 1962).
2627:: "Unamunoren atarian" in: Alaitz Aizpuru,
2217:
1686:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1552:Among his outstanding works of poetry are:
1442:" figures, notably the traditional Spanish
1060:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3715:
3701:
3350:
3336:
3237:
3223:
3068:
2689:. Manchester University Press. p. 73.
2069:. Manchester University Press. p. 73.
1957:"Miguel de Unamuno, Niebla [Mist]"
1880:Thinking about the immortality of the crab
1854:, the pilot Chris Rios has a book copy of
68:
2717:
2330:. Universidad de Salamanca. p. 131.
2169:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 121.
2110:. University of Virginia. pp. 29–30.
1706:Learn how and when to remove this message
1080:Learn how and when to remove this message
820:" . A third time, Millán Astray shouted "
3113:
3035:(in Spanish). Sílex Ediciones; Edición.
3004:
2857:
2325:
2298:
1992:
1504:
1297:
1136:
1133:) (1913) – a collection of stories.
623:
336:Unamuno was often in the terrace of the
331:
304:(1912), and his most famous novels were
3991:Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
3971:Spanish male dramatists and playwrights
3926:Complutense University of Madrid alumni
3116:Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art
3094:
2888:
2799:
2699:
2568:
2378:
2105:
2079:
2017:
1887:– his nephew, footballer also known as
864:", and I, having spent my life writing
648:§ Confrontation with Millán Astray
492:, he was an outspoken supporter of the
254:[miˈɣ̞elð̞e̞u.naˈmu.noiˈxu.ɣ̞o]
14:
3883:
3279:Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion
2820:
2772:
2766:
2719:10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.1962.121686
2685:Harrison, Joseph; Hoyle, Alan (2000).
2541:
2514:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2257:
2065:Harrison, Joseph; Hoyle, Alan (2000).
1746:Brother Juan or The World is a Theatre
916:, in a piece in the literary magazine
556:fall of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship
307:Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion
3696:
3331:
3244:
3218:
2443:
2364:García de Cortázar, Fernando (2005).
2220:The Revolution and Civil War in Spain
2218:Broué, Pierre; Témime, Emile (2008).
2179:
2164:
2095:. James Clarke & Co. p. 116.
2090:
1863:The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis
1845:) between 18 July 1936 and his death.
1773:
1223:Three Exemplary Novels and a Prologue
252:
3936:Members of the Royal Spanish Academy
3575:Pessimism: A History and a Criticism
3485:The World as Will and Representation
2542:García, Fernando (23 October 2020).
2368:. Planeta Pub Corp. pp. 294–95.
2120:
2024:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
1742:El hermano Juan o El mundo es teatro
1684:adding citations to reliable sources
1651:
1509:Unamuno's 'pájaro sabio' (wise bird)
1338:(1895), but Unamuno leaves it soon.
1219:Tres novelas ejemplares y un prólogo
1175:(usually translated into English as
1058:adding citations to reliable sources
1025:
685:being committed by Franco's forces:
310:(1917), a modern exploration of the
3154:Works by or about Miguel de Unamuno
2992:Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida
2869:Toronto International Film Festival
2833:(in Spanish). Real Fundación Toledo
2745:
2629:Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida
2615:(New York: Bantam Books, 1982), 32.
2569:Herrero, Julián (23 October 2020).
2414:. London: Phoenix. pp. 111–13.
2397:
758:According to the British historian
731:, the Archbishop of Salamanca, and
24:
3966:Spanish dramatists and playwrights
3647:History of philosophical pessimism
3073:. Translated by Hughes, Victoria;
2938:
2381:Epistolario inédito II (1915–1936)
2366:Los mitos de la Historia de España
1413:Del sentimiento trágico de la vida
300:His major philosophical essay was
25:
4057:
3911:20th-century Spanish philosophers
3906:19th-century Spanish philosophers
3583:The Philosophy of Disenchantement
3558:Works by philosophical pessimists
3123:
2802:"La cabeza perdida de don Miguel"
2515:Cortés, Iker (12 November 2020).
2383:. Espasa Calpe. pp. 354–55.
2326:Toledano, Ana Chaguaceda (2003).
2187:. Sheed & Ward; 1ST edition.
1935:Abel Sánchez by Miguel de Unamuno
1779:A sculpture of Unamuno's head by
1481:, 1930) were all included on the
923:Severiano Delgado's book, titled
570:'s anti-clerical policies: "Even
3192:Concordances of Unamuno's Poetry
3178:Video: Joxe Azurmendi on Unamuno
3170:
3031:Delgado Cruz, Severiano (2019).
2854:, El País, 23 de octubre de 2020
2773:Uriona, Alberto (6 March 2000).
2222:. Haymarket Books. p. 440.
1656:
1643:) (1953, published posthumously)
1271:Don Sandalio, jugador de ajedrez
1030:
709:Confrontation with Millán Astray
235:
147:Complutense University of Madrid
3548:Discomfort and Moral Impediment
3012:(in Spanish). Ediciones 98 S.L.
2947:. 1966: "Unamuno ala Jammes?",
2908:
2882:
2800:Camacho, Isabel (9 June 1999).
2793:
2739:
2726:
2693:
2678:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2634:
2618:
2605:
2589:
2562:
2535:
2508:
2482:
2456:
2437:
2372:
2357:
2338:
2319:
2292:
2251:
2236:
2211:
2173:
2129:
2114:
2099:
2084:
1479:Saint Emmanuel the Good, Martyr
1287:Saint Emmanuel the Good, Martyr
689:" is waging a campaign against
3751:Lope Hurtado de Mendoza (1734)
3746:Pedro Manuel de Azevedo (1721)
3071:Narratives from the Silver Age
2073:
2058:
2042:
2011:
1986:
1949:
1945:– via Project Gutenberg.
1926:
1922:– via Project Gutenbert.
1901:
348:Miguel de Unamuno was born in
13:
1:
4026:FET y de las JONS politicians
3847:Carlos Clavería Lizana (1972)
3507:Philosophy of the Unconscious
2611:Quoted in Madeleine L'Engle,
2517:"Los últimos años de Unamuno"
2496:(in Spanish). 23 October 2020
2470:(in Spanish). 23 October 2020
1894:
1607:Rimas de un poeta desconocido
1591:Andanzas y visiones españolas
1293:
891:The Severiano Delgado version
476:traditionalism. When in 1912
3840:Manuel Gómez-Moreno Martínez
3761:José Miguel de Flores (1784)
3672:Benatar's asymmetry argument
3514:The Philosophy of Redemption
3062:Miguel de Unamuno: Biografía
2748:"Rosario de sonetos liricos"
1463:, Unamuno's long-form essay
1173:Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho
808:" ; the crowd replied with "
582:in June 1936 that President
566:, Unamuno protested against
379:Unamuno worked in all major
327:
41:, the first or paternal
7:
3794:José Joaquín de Mora (1848)
3206:20th Century Press Archives
3169:(public domain audiobooks)
2754:. Madrid: Imprenta Espanola
2379:Unamuno, Miguel de (1991).
2245:"Unamuno y la Guerra Civil"
1873:
1621:From Fuerteventura to Paris
1611:Rhymes from an Unknown Poet
1484:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
816:"; the crowd then replied "
754:The Portillo/Thomas version
733:Carmen Polo Martínez-Valdés
645:
374:Resurrección María de Azkue
10:
4062:
3815:Eduardo de Hinojosa (1904)
3756:Ignacio de Ceballos (1747)
3163:Works by Miguel de Unamuno
3144:Works by Miguel de Unamuno
3135:Works by Miguel de Unamuno
2444:Jones, Sam (11 May 2018).
2121:Cobb, Christopher (1976).
1993:Conversi, Daniele (1997).
1567:Rosario de sonetos líricos
1496:La esencia del liberalismo
1465:La agonía del cristianismo
1275:Don Sandalio, Chess Player
1021:
712:
411:literary group of Spanish
340:, founded in 1905, in the
36:
29:
3951:Philosophers of pessimism
3871:
3820:Manuel de Sandoval (1920)
3800:Antonio de los Ríos Rosas
3736:
3629:
3566:
3476:
3469:
3438:
3365:
3301:
3252:
2243:Blanco-Prieto F. (2011).
2125:. Tamesis. pp. ix–1.
2106:Schmitt, Hans A. (1988).
1841:shows Unamuno (played by
1809:Unamuno Songs and Stories
1540:
1469:The Agony of Christianity
1017:Literary career and works
419:that was the creation of
234:
229:
225:
212:
196:
176:
166:
156:
152:
142:
134:
108:
79:
67:
60:
3533:A Short History of Decay
3289:San Manuel Bueno, Mártir
3095:Salcedo, Emilio (1998).
3069:Sáenz, Paz, ed. (1988).
2268:Very Short Introductions
2206:Rabaté & Rabaté 2009
1981:Rabaté & Rabaté 2009
1858:on the ship's dashboard.
1856:The Tragic Sense of Life
1815:In the 2015 documentary
1647:
1617:De Fuerteventura a París
1474:San Manuel Bueno, mártir
1471:, 1931) and his novella
1461:The Tragic Sense of Life
1417:The Tragic Sense of Life
1282:San Manuel Bueno, mártir
969:
824:"; the crowd responded "
628:Sculpture of Unamuno in
558:, Spain embarked on its
533:De Fuerteventura a Paris
342:Plaza Mayor of Salamanca
302:The Tragic Sense of Life
246:Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo
84:Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo
32:Unamuno (disambiguation)
4016:Spanish Anti-Francoists
3961:Spanish anti-communists
3662:Philosophical pessimism
3359:Philosophical pessimism
2980:, Tafalla, Txalaparta.
2272:Oxford University Press
1753:classical Greek theatre
1627:Romancero del destierro
1581:The Christ of Velázquez
1571:Rosary of Lyric Sonnets
1261:Cómo se hace una novela
910:University of Salamanca
725:University of Salamanca
603:Second Spanish Republic
601:by forces loyal to the
539:, a border town in the
466:University of Salamanca
295:University of Salamanca
161:20th-century philosophy
4041:20th-century essayists
4036:19th-century essayists
4031:Spanish male essayists
3986:Spanish male novelists
3931:Former Roman Catholics
3724:Real Academia Española
2258:Graham, Helen (2005).
2165:Evans, Jan E. (2013).
2091:Evans, Jan E. (2014).
1885:Rafael Moreno Aranzadi
1793:
1760:Ramón del Valle-Inclán
1577:El Cristo de Velázquez
1510:
1346:
1336:En torno al casticismo
1311:
1146:
1127:El espejo de la muerte
941:
875:
846:
735:, the wife of Franco,
699:
675:
637:
517:Miguel Primo de Rivera
437:Ramón del Valle-Inclán
345:
203:Philosophy of religion
183:Continental philosophy
4021:Spanish anti-fascists
3774:Demetrio Ortiz (1808)
3741:Jaime de Solís (1714)
3682:Wild animal suffering
3657:Pessimism controversy
3606:(Frederick C. Beiser)
3541:The Human Predicament
3527:(Peter Wessel Zapffe)
3509:(Eduard von Hartmann)
3487:(Arthur Schopenhauer)
3064:(in Spanish). Taurus.
3016:Candelaria, Michael,
2959:. 2006: "Unamuno" in
2702:"Iberismo unamuniano"
1768:Federico García Lorca
1508:
1438:" issue in terms of "
1341:
1301:
1140:
1011:intracranial bleeding
964:The Spanish Civil War
936:
897:Luis Gabriel Portillo
850:
837:
770:The Spanish Civil War
743:and Unamuno himself.
687:
673:in Italy, I am alone!
669:. I am alone!...Like
658:
627:
541:French Basque Country
352:, a port city of the
335:
322:Literary Encyclopedia
3861:Arturo Pérez-Reverte
3808:Gaspar Núñez de Arce
3118:. December: 394–400.
2412:The Battle for Spain
2018:Ramsden, H. (1974).
1680:improve this section
1535:José Ortega y Gasset
1177:Our Lord Don Quixote
1054:improve this section
729:Enrique Pla y Deniel
721:Discovery of America
429:Ramón Pérez de Ayala
207:political philosophy
4006:Spanish republicans
3946:Writers from Bilbao
3833:Isidro Gomá y Tomás
3618:(Mara van der Lugt)
3415:Peter Wessel Zapffe
3405:Eduard von Hartmann
3385:Arthur Schopenhauer
2963:, Donostia: Elkar.
2922:on 5 September 2014
2736:, 12, 2007, 103–10.
2706:Revista de História
2640:Miguel de Unamuno,
1436:science vs religion
1265:How to Make a Novel
1231:Miguel de Cervantes
1187:Miguel de Cervantes
1141:Balcón de Unamuno,
1131:The Mirror of Death
934:Delgado says that:
705:, until his death.
549:Spanish Inquisition
490:Benito Pérez Galdós
366:Instituto de Bilbao
4001:Spanish male poets
3767:Pedro Téllez-Girón
3642:Depressive realism
3518:Philipp Mainländer
3495:(Giacomo Leopardi)
3400:Philipp Mainländer
3375:Hegesias of Cyrene
3183:Dossier on Unamuno
3077:. Madrid: Iberia.
2961:Espainiaren arimaz
2945:Álvarez, José Luis
2600:Espainiaren arimaz
2053:Espainiaren arimaz
1818:La isla del viento
1795:Euskal Herritarrok
1774:In popular culture
1740:In 1934, he wrote
1601:Rhymes from Within
1516:Iberian Federalism
1511:
1312:
1227:Novelas ejemplares
1147:
991:Jean-Claude Rabaté
741:José Millán Astray
638:
484:for their alleged
421:José Martínez Ruiz
346:
171:Spanish philosophy
4011:Modernist writers
3976:Spanish essayists
3956:Spanish agnostics
3891:Miguel de Unamuno
3878:
3877:
3826:Miguel de Unamuno
3780:Félix Torres Amat
3690:
3689:
3625:
3624:
3493:Small Moral Works
3325:
3324:
3246:Miguel de Unamuno
3139:Project Gutenberg
3075:Richmond, Carolyn
2746:Unamuno, Miguel.
2432:Delgado Cruz 2019
2143:. 2 November 2009
2141:Absolut Lanzarote
1983:, pp. 19–20.
1851:Star Trek: Picard
1848:In the TV series
1716:
1715:
1708:
1500:social liberalism
1454:Love and Pedagogy
1114:Love and Pedagogy
1104:Third Carlist War
1090:
1089:
1082:
812:" . He repeated "
654:Nikos Kazantzakis
545:Fray Luis de León
470:social liberalism
405:Generation of '98
243:
242:
87:29 September 1864
62:Miguel de Unamuno
16:(Redirected from
4053:
3981:Basque novelists
3916:Basque academics
3864:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3630:Related articles
3594:(Thomas Ligotti)
3525:The Last Messiah
3502:(Julius Bahnsen)
3474:
3473:
3380:Giacomo Leopardi
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3294:
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3158:Internet Archive
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1631:Ballads of Exile
1450:Amor y pedagogía
1302:Unamuno seen by
1245:Amor y pedagogía
1209:to explore envy.
1110:Amor y pedagogía
1095:Paz en la guerra
1085:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1034:
1026:
999:
988:
862:¡Viva la Muerte!
802:¡Viva la Muerte!
779:José María Pemán
651:
482:Spanish nobility
447:, among others.
441:Ramiro de Maeztu
256:
251:
239:
119:
117:
112:31 December 1936
94:
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58:
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3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3732:
3721:
3691:
3686:
3667:Problem of evil
3621:
3612:(Colin Feltham)
3562:
3543:(David Benatar)
3465:
3434:
3361:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3297:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3248:
3243:
3171:
3126:
3107:
3085:
3043:
3006:Blazquez, Jesus
2974:Azurmendi, Joxe
2957:Azurmendi, Joxe
2941:
2939:Further reading
2936:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
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2809:
2798:
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2784:
2782:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2740:
2734:Oakland Journal
2731:
2727:
2698:
2694:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2625:Azurmendi, Joxe
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2596:Azurmendi, Joxe
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2513:
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2457:
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2398:
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2313:
2297:
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2286:
2256:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2230:
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2212:
2204:
2200:
2178:
2174:
2163:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2049:Azurmendi, Joxe
2047:
2043:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1876:
1830:José Luis Gómez
1820:
1776:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1677:
1661:
1650:
1597:Rimas de dentro
1585:Diego Velázquez
1543:
1355:Marcus Aurelius
1347:
1296:
1213:Tulio Montalbán
1086:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1051:
1035:
1024:
1019:
993:
982:
972:
893:
756:
717:
711:
619:Spanish Morocco
595:Spanish culture
572:the Inquisition
560:Second Republic
554:Also after the
502:Imperial Family
498:First World War
425:Antonio Machado
362:Basque language
330:
249:
221:of Christianity
215:
199:
189:
185:
143:Alma mater
130:
121:
115:
113:
104:
95:
90:
88:
86:
85:
75:
74:Unamuno in 1925
63:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4059:
4049:
4048:
4043:
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4018:
4013:
4008:
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3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3921:Basque writers
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
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3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3600:, (Ken Coates)
3595:
3587:
3586:(Edgar Saltus)
3579:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3537:
3529:
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3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:Olga Plümacher
3392:
3390:Julius Bahnsen
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
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3311:
3305:
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3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3180:
3175:
3160:
3151:
3141:
3132:
3125:
3124:External links
3122:
3121:
3120:
3111:
3106:978-8492243747
3105:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3066:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3042:978-8477378723
3041:
3028:
3026:978-9042035508
3014:
3008:, ed. (2010).
3002:
3000:978-8484384359
2994:, Bilbo, UEU.
2988:
2986:978-8415313199
2971:
2954:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2907:
2881:
2865:"While at War"
2856:
2844:
2819:
2792:
2765:
2738:
2725:
2712:(51): 87–123.
2692:
2677:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2633:
2631:, 2012. p. 40.
2617:
2604:
2602:, 2006. p. 90.
2588:
2561:
2534:
2507:
2481:
2455:
2436:
2417:
2408:Antony, Beevor
2396:
2390:978-8423972395
2389:
2371:
2356:
2337:
2318:
2311:
2299:Helen Graham.
2291:
2285:978-0192803771
2284:
2250:
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2229:978-1931859516
2228:
2210:
2198:
2181:Hayes, Carlton
2172:
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2010:
2004:978-1850652687
2003:
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1896:
1893:
1892:
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1871:
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1859:
1846:
1843:Karra Elejalde
1835:The 2019 film
1833:
1813:
1800:
1781:Victorio Macho
1775:
1772:
1729:) (1898), and
1714:
1713:
1664:
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1649:
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1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
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1542:
1539:
1531:Johan Huizinga
1351:existentialism
1340:
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1234:
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1029:
1023:
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1018:
1015:
980:Colette Rabaté
971:
968:
892:
889:
798:Spanish Legion
787:Basque Country
755:
752:
710:
707:
693:, not against
679:Lorenzo Giusso
529:Canary Islands
478:José Canalejas
354:Basque Country
329:
326:
320:(1914), which
241:
240:
232:
231:
227:
226:
223:
222:
216:
213:
210:
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200:
198:Main interests
197:
194:
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191:Existentialism
180:
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158:
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153:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
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122:
120:(aged 72)
110:
106:
105:
96:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
61:
27:Spanish writer
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4058:
4047:
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4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Spanish poets
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
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3927:
3924:
3922:
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3917:
3914:
3912:
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3907:
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3899:
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3628:
3617:
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3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:(James Sully)
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:Julio Cabrera
3549:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:(Emil Cioran)
3534:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3488:
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3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3430:David Benatar
3428:
3426:
3425:Julio Cabrera
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Agnes Taubert
3408:
3406:
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3398:
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3348:
3346:
3341:
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3334:
3333:
3330:
3318:(2019 biopic)
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:Miscellaneous
3300:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:
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3251:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
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3176:
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3145:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3080:
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3067:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2829:
2823:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2643:
2642:"Mi religión"
2637:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2549:
2548:La Vanguardia
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2469:
2468:La Vanguardia
2465:
2459:
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2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2424:
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2413:
2409:
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2312:9780192803771
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2087:
2076:
2068:
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2045:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1914:
1913:gutenberg.org
1910:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:José Saramago
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
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1840:
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1834:
1831:
1827:
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1724:
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1710:
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1699:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:This section
1663:
1659:
1654:
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1628:
1625:
1622:
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1503:
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1457:
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1451:
1447:
1446:
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1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:scholasticism
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:St. Augustine
1356:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:intrahistoria
1329:
1328:intrahistoria
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1300:
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1283:
1279:
1276:
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1164:
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1132:
1128:
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1111:
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1092:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1039:This section
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
997:
992:
986:
981:
977:
967:
965:
961:
956:
952:
950:
946:
940:
935:
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928:
926:
921:
919:
915:
914:George Orwell
911:
906:
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903:
898:
888:
886:
883:
879:
874:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
849:
845:
844:. The Bishop,
843:
836:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
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704:
698:
696:
692:
686:
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
657:
655:
649:
643:
642:Millán Astray
635:
634:Pablo Serrano
631:
626:
622:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
588:Simón Bolívar
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
564:Madrid Ateneo
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:, one of the
526:
525:Fuerteventura
522:
521:intellectuals
518:
513:
511:
507:
506:German Empire
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
445:Ángel Ganivet
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:intellectuals
410:
409:ex post facto
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
339:
334:
325:
323:
319:
318:
313:
312:Cain and Abel
309:
308:
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292:
288:
284:
280:
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3853:Manuel Alvar
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3446:Antinatalism
3367:Philosophers
3315:While at War
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2948:
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2920:the original
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1838:While at War
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1100:Peace in War
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1052:Please help
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718:
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688:
683:White Terror
676:
659:
639:
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592:
584:Manuel Azaña
579:
577:
568:Manuel Azaña
553:
532:
514:
510:Alfonso XIII
494:Allied cause
486:philistinism
463:
456:
449:
417:philosophers
408:
399:, and, as a
378:
370:Sabino Arana
365:
347:
338:Café Novelty
315:
305:
301:
299:
289:, and later
245:
244:
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39:Spanish name
3901:1936 deaths
3896:1864 births
3677:Weltschmerz
3652:Misanthropy
3456:Misanthropy
3420:Emil Cioran
2837:14 November
2812:14 November
2785:14 November
2758:15 February
2752:archive.org
2347:Hispanófila
1821: [
1789:the estuary
1785:Nationalist
1737:), (1899).
1459:Along with
1434:, and the "
1409:Kierkegaard
1316:rationalism
1304:Ramon Casas
1237:La tía Tula
1182:Don Quixote
994: [
983: [
960:Hugh Thomas
765:magnum opus
760:Hugh Thomas
615:Abd el-Krim
580:El Adelanto
496:during the
454:professor.
314:story, and
275:philosopher
135:Nationality
3885:Categories
3148:Faded Page
3084:8487093043
2969:849783402X
2900:12 January
2874:12 January
2581:12 January
2554:12 January
2527:15 January
2500:9 November
2474:9 November
2274:. p.
2193:B0014JCVS0
1895:References
1804:Dave Meder
1727:The Sphinx
1723:La esfinge
1637:Cancionero
1492:liberalism
1432:positivism
1320:positivism
1294:Philosophy
1249:Dos madres
1191:quijotista
1118:positivist
949:José Rizal
945:antiespaña
800:'s motto "
737:Africanist
713:See also:
695:Bolshevism
691:liberalism
611:militarism
599:Red Terror
433:Pío Baroja
271:playwright
187:Positivism
116:1937-01-01
91:1864-09-29
3567:Secondary
2895:Heavy.com
2521:El Correo
2036:0301-102X
1941:27 August
1918:27 August
1731:La verdad
1667:does not
1424:Platonism
1419:, 1912).
1324:socialism
1277:) (1930).
1241:Aunt Tula
1121:sociology
1041:does not
1006:Nationals
976:Salamanca
871:Cervantes
866:paradoxes
854:Barcelona
783:Catalonia
775:Falangist
667:Bolshevik
630:Salamanca
459:Azurmendi
401:modernist
328:Biography
279:professor
230:Signature
124:Salamanca
3439:Concepts
3188:magazine
3167:LibriVox
3150:(Canada)
2976:. 2012:
2926:3 August
2575:La Razón
2410:(2006).
2353:: 37–44.
2183:(1951).
1889:Pichichi
1874:See also
1696:May 2020
1641:Songbook
1633:) (1928)
1623:) (1925)
1613:) (1924)
1603:) (1923)
1573:) (1911)
1445:pajarita
1385:Leopardi
1377:Obermann
1367:Rousseau
1143:Artenara
1070:May 2020
830:saluting
822:¡España!
818:¡Grande!
814:¡España!
806:¡España!
785:and the
739:General
368:against
287:Classics
263:novelist
259:essayist
250:Spanish:
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3477:Primary
3208:of the
3204:in the
3156:at the
2806:El País
2779:El País
2494:ELMUNDO
1966:30 July
1688:removed
1673:sources
1557:Poesías
1440:origami
1405:Quental
1381:Thomson
1145:, Spain
1062:removed
1047:sources
1022:Fiction
1002:requeté
918:Horizon
902:Horizon
860:oath, "
791:Fascism
777:writer
762:in his
663:fascist
650:, below
636:in 1968
537:Hendaye
504:of the
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397:theater
293:at the
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3863:(2003)
3855:(1975)
3842:(1942)
3810:(1876)
3802:(1871)
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3769:(1790)
3451:Duḥkha
3309:Nivola
3293:(1930)
3283:(1917)
3273:(1907)
3264:(1897)
3253:Novels
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1167:novela
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383:: the
381:genres
350:Bilbao
291:rector
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3727:seat
3470:Works
3186:Jakin
2950:Jakin
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389:novel
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3101:ISBN
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