250:
the dissolution of the union. The parliamentary majority voted for the removal of the mark three times, but was defeated by royal veto twice. Finally, in 1898, the third royal veto was overruled and the union mark was removed from the national (merchant) and the state flag. It remained in the war flag (naval ensign), as this was under the jurisdiction of the king. However, parliament introduced a new state flag for government buildings, similar to the war flag, but without the union mark. The "pure" Norwegian flag was hoisted again in 1899. After Norway's unilateral withdrawal from the union on 7 June 1905, the union mark disappeared from the naval ensign as well on 9 June. It remained in all
Swedish flags until Sweden formally recognized the dissolution of the union. By a royal decree of 27 October, the union mark in the merchant flag and the naval ensign was to be replaced with a blue field on 1 November 1905.
380:
366:
281:
348:
316:
302:
29:
267:
37:
183:
191:
203:. A union mark was created, combining the flag colours of both countries, equally distributed. It was placed in the canton of each flag, including the merchant flags, which had until then been without any symbols of the union. The two countries received separate, but parallel flag systems, clearly manifesting their equality.
249:
During the 1870s, the union became increasingly unpopular in Norway, and as a consequence the union mark was seen as a sign not of equality, but of a union forced upon the country against its will. Radicals made it their political goal to reintroduce the "pure" Norwegian flag as the first step toward
94:
of the union. The union mark remained part of the flags of both countries until it was removed from the merchant and state flags of Norway in 1899 because of increasing
Norwegian dissatisfaction with the union. It remained on the naval ensign of Norway and all Swedish flags until the
210:
in both countries, and as the flag of the common diplomatic representations of both countries abroad. The diplomatic flag had the proportions 4:5 of the union mark as it appeared in
Swedish flags, unlike the square shape of the Norwegian version. It was also used on the
221:
The union mark was at first popular in Norway as a sign of Norway's equal status in the union. In Sweden, it was always seen by some people as a desecration of their flag, and one of its adversaries called it "the
194:
Norwegian herring salad, traditionally decorated with chopped egg yolks, egg whites, beetroots and parsley. The similarity of the decoration gave rise to the ironic nickname "the herring salad" for the union
173:
on red, meant to represent Norway. Public opinion in Norway saw this situation as unsatisfactory, and demanded a reform of flags and arms to reflect the equal status of the two states within the union.
90:. The mark combined the flag colours of both kingdoms, equally distributed, to reflect their equal status within the union. The stand-alone design of the mark was used for the diplomatic flag and the
218:
The blue in the union mark would be the same as in the rest of the flag, usually the dark blue of the
Norwegian flag. Swedish flags before 1905 also had a darker shade of blue than present flags.
573:
280:
530:
315:
347:
96:
379:
463:
Anker, C. J. (1888). "Tegninger af Norges flag i dets forskjellige skikkelser gjennem tiden". Kristiania: P.T. Mallings boghandels forlag, pp. 11–12.
365:
642:
565:
186:
The union naval jack and diplomatic flag of Norway and Sweden 1844–1905. The proportions 4:5 were those of the union mark in
Swedish flags.
139:
on 14 August 1814 and the
Norwegian constitutional revision of 4 November 1814 to open the way for a personal union. On the same day, the
473:
Colour plate attached to "Cirkulär 18. Oktober 1899" from Kongl. Utrikes
Departementet, Stockholm, to the consuls of the United Kingdoms
241:. It came to be popularly known under this name in both countries and to this day is its common denomination in these languages.
301:
545:
Hofstad, Marius B. (2006). "Et splittelsens tegn. Flaggstriden i Norge på 1890-tallet". Universitetet i Oslo, pp. 21–24.
526:"Sedan .. (svenska flaggan) fått sina främmande tillsatser, kallar . . (den svenske sjömannen) den för sillsalaten",
132:
598:
Heimer, Zeljko; Engene, Jan Oskar (2005). "Unionstidens norske flagg – Norwegian Flags of the Union Period". In:
492:
71:
472:
527:
266:
637:
514:
127:
in 1814. Norwegian resistance led to the declaration of national independence and the adoption of a
627:
622:
154:, Norway was to have its own merchant flag, but the war flag was to reflect the union. The present
607:
426:
28:
513:
This nickname was first used by the
Swedish representative C. O. Brakel during a debate in the
151:
144:
128:
632:
212:
8:
450:
Bratbak, Bjørn (1993). "Det norsk-svenske unionsvåpenet og andre symbolstridigheter". In
136:
112:
63:
603:
422:
398:
355:
200:
166:
162:
158:
was introduced in 1821, but its use was restricted. The union war flag of 1815 was a
75:
417:
Nevéus, Clara (1994). "Vapen och flaggor under den svensk-norska unionens tid". In
238:
49:
534:
108:
199:
In 1844, the proposals of a joint committee were enacted for both countries by
159:
155:
124:
87:
83:
79:
616:
223:
36:
20:
287:
War flag, Royal flag and ensign 1844–1905, state flag 1844–1899 of Norway
235:
19:"The herring salad" and "sillsalladen" redirect here. For the food, see
207:
182:
91:
484:
517:
in 1859. See Koht, Halvdan, "Norske
Flagsange, Kristiania 1896, p. X.
485:"879–880 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 10. Gossler – Harris)"
140:
170:
322:
State flag, war flag, Royal flag and ensign of Sweden 1844–1905
190:
120:
116:
86:
from 1844 to denote the partnership of the two countries in a
107:
The Union of Sweden and Norway came about as a result of the
554:
Kongelig Kundgjørelse (Royal announcement) 10 December 1898.
215:
which was similar to the naval jack but had a white border.
32:
The union mark with proportions 5:4 used in
Swedish flags
437:
Grimnes, Ole Kristian (2005). "Kampen om flagget". In
234:) because of its resemblance to a popular dish on the
419:
Carl Johans Förbundets Handlingar för åren 1989–1993
97:dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
614:
57:
40:The square union mark used in Norwegian flags
563:
206:The union mark on its own was used as the
115:, on the losing side, was forced to cede
189:
181:
35:
27:
16:Symbol of the union of Norway and Sweden
328:
615:
576:from the original on 10 September 2022
495:from the original on 28 November 2023
643:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
177:
386:Norwegian flag with proposed design
13:
14:
654:
372:Swedish flag with proposed design
378:
364:
346:
314:
300:
279:
265:
557:
548:
72:Union between Sweden and Norway
46:union mark of Norway and Sweden
539:
520:
507:
477:
466:
457:
444:
431:
411:
354:Proposed union mark design by
1:
592:
452:Meddelande 53 från Armémuseum
404:
152:constitution of November 1814
102:
564:Stortinget (28 April 2021).
244:
7:
392:
273:Flag of Norway 1844–1898/99
74:. It was inserted into the
10:
659:
253:
18:
566:"Forslag til norsk flagg"
515:Swedish House of Nobility
308:Flag of Sweden 1844–1905
293:
258:
602:No. 40, pp. 33–49.
84:Norwegian national flags
454:, Stockholm, pp. 23–25.
421:, Uppsala, pp. 59–73.
196:
187:
145:Charles XIII of Sweden
70:) was a symbol of the
67:
58:
53:
41:
33:
193:
185:
133:brief war with Sweden
39:
31:
600:Nordisk Flaggkontakt
533:5 March 2016 at the
329:Unused 1836 proposal
141:Norwegian parliament
147:as King of Norway.
111:, when the king of
638:Nordic cross flags
197:
188:
137:Convention of Moss
131:on 17 May 1814. A
42:
34:
441:No. 1, pp. 12–14.
399:Nordic cross flag
356:Jonas Anton Hielm
178:New flags of 1844
150:According to the
650:
586:
585:
583:
581:
572:(in Norwegian).
561:
555:
552:
546:
543:
537:
524:
518:
511:
505:
504:
502:
500:
491:. 12 July 1909.
481:
475:
470:
464:
461:
455:
448:
442:
439:Levende Historie
435:
429:
415:
382:
368:
350:
341:
340:
336:
318:
304:
283:
269:
169:showing a white
135:resulted in the
61:
658:
657:
653:
652:
651:
649:
648:
647:
628:Flags of Sweden
623:Flags of Norway
613:
612:
595:
590:
589:
579:
577:
562:
558:
553:
549:
544:
540:
535:Wayback Machine
525:
521:
512:
508:
498:
496:
483:
482:
478:
471:
467:
462:
458:
449:
445:
436:
432:
416:
412:
407:
395:
388:
387:
383:
374:
373:
369:
360:
359:
351:
342:
338:
334:
332:
331:
324:
323:
319:
310:
309:
305:
296:
289:
288:
284:
275:
274:
270:
261:
256:
247:
180:
143:chose to elect
119:to the king of
109:Napoleonic Wars
105:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
656:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
611:
610:
594:
591:
588:
587:
556:
547:
538:
519:
506:
476:
465:
456:
443:
430:
409:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
394:
391:
390:
389:
385:
384:
377:
375:
371:
370:
363:
361:
353:
352:
345:
330:
327:
326:
325:
321:
320:
313:
311:
307:
306:
299:
295:
292:
291:
290:
286:
285:
278:
276:
272:
271:
264:
260:
257:
255:
252:
246:
243:
226:" (Norwegian:
179:
176:
156:flag of Norway
125:Treaty of Kiel
113:Denmark–Norway
104:
101:
88:personal union
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
655:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
575:
571:
570:Stortinget.no
567:
560:
551:
542:
536:
532:
529:
523:
516:
510:
494:
490:
486:
480:
474:
469:
460:
453:
447:
440:
434:
428:
424:
420:
414:
410:
400:
397:
396:
381:
376:
367:
362:
357:
349:
344:
343:
337:
317:
312:
303:
298:
297:
282:
277:
268:
263:
262:
251:
242:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:herring salad
219:
216:
214:
209:
204:
202:
192:
184:
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
100:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
59:unionstecknet
55:
51:
47:
38:
30:
26:
22:
21:herring salad
599:
580:10 September
578:. Retrieved
569:
559:
550:
541:
522:
509:
497:. Retrieved
489:runeberg.org
488:
479:
468:
459:
451:
446:
438:
433:
418:
413:
248:
236:Scandinavian
232:sillsalladen
231:
228:sildesalaten
227:
220:
217:
205:
201:King Oscar I
198:
160:Swedish flag
149:
129:constitution
106:
68:unionsmerket
54:unionsmärket
45:
43:
25:
633:Naval flags
499:26 December
239:smörgåsbord
230:, Swedish:
617:Categories
593:Literature
528:sillsallad
405:References
213:pilot jack
208:naval jack
103:Background
92:naval jack
608:0109-7539
427:0280-0411
245:Abolition
99:in 1905.
64:Norwegian
574:Archived
531:Archived
493:Archived
393:See also
254:Gallery
171:saltire
165:with a
163:defaced
123:by the
80:Swedish
78:of the
50:Swedish
606:
425:
333:": -->
294:Sweden
259:Norway
167:canton
121:Sweden
117:Norway
76:canton
195:mark.
604:ISSN
582:2022
501:2023
423:ISSN
335:edit
82:and
44:The
56:or
619::
568:.
487:.
66::
62:,
52::
584:.
503:.
358:.
339:]
48:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
