745:
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145:
89:
1371:
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75:
1072:
1324:
455:
430:
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713:
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1208:
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1036:
1469:
1425:
1053:
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1503:
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1181:
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1483:
1142:
1392:
1260:
1339:
596:
abruptly imposed his reforms without even a semblance of consultation with the population, which actually included an influential urban intelligentsia and other segments of the ruling classes who were highly receptive to such innovations. The
Emperor's
609:
and
Luxembourg. Feudal and trade corporation regulations and jurisdictions were modified or abolished, and the authorities abolished the ancient provinces of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, Namur, and Luxembourg, replacing them with 9 circles
2322:
in 1776 served as models for the
Declaration of Independence of Flanders and some of the other provinces between November 1789 and early 1790. Shortly afterwards, the Articles of Confederation served as a model for the
612:
744:
2345:
Realizing the fragility of the new state, Van der Noot approached foreign states for support and suggested a unification with the Dutch
Republic, with little success. Furthermore, the
601:
of 1781 established religious freedom. Another edict in 1784 removed from the
Catholic clergy responsibility for the civil registry, and civil marriage was introduced. Under the
2543:"In Flanders Fields: "Om niet te delen in haar zonden" (Op. 18, 4). Beschouwingen over de rechtvaardiging van secessie bij aantasting van de "vrijheit hunder constitutien""
2546:
2454:
1554:
267:
2642:
2210:
In 1789, a church-inspired popular revolt broke out in reaction to the emperor's centralizing and anticlerical policies. Two factions appeared: the
605:(1780), contemplative religious orders, deemed useless, were dissolved and diocesan seminaries were abolished and replaced by general seminaries in
2083:
1429:
724:
2031:
236:
2369:
succeeded him as emperor. Leopold II quickly moved to recapture the
Austrian Netherlands. On 24 October 1790 imperial troops took the city of
2269:
2509:
Documents
Illustrating the History of Belgium. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation in Development. Brussels. 1978.
2197:
144:
2637:
2647:
2319:
2384:
The
Austrian restoration and hegemony was historically brief however, as the region was overrun by French armies in 1794 during the
2226:
who initially supported the reforms but then joined the opposition, due to the clumsy way in which the reforms were carried out.
1456:
2662:
2652:
1881:
158:
2513:
2581:
2276:
88:
2542:
2237:, which in January 1789 declared that it no longer recognized the emperor's rule. The leader of the Statisten faction,
628:
334:
2450:
2489:
2409:
2284:
2072:
2009:
1890:
1573:
1442:
2190:
2272:
1591:
2657:
2632:
2366:
2298:
Van der Noot now declared
Brabant independent, and all the other provinces of the Austrian Netherlands (except
2158:
2362:
2311:
663:
593:
556:
311:
74:
1714:
2335:
1696:
1165:
2302:) soon followed suit. On 11 January 1790 they signed a pact, establishing a confederation under the name
2183:
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2150:
1657:
1534:
1057:
602:
389:
255:
2385:
2261:
717:
278:
2094:
1328:
589:
designed to radically modernize and centralize the political, judicial and administrative systems.
1564:
732:
2162:
2061:
1921:
844:
94:
695:
2396:
Though short-lived, the United
Belgian States had long-lasting repercussions. It had given the
2324:
2051:
1998:
1733:
1212:
347:
1931:
1397:
1370:
2397:
2124:
1910:
1831:
1822:
1811:
1779:
1754:
1629:
1304:
1234:
1160:
598:
586:
574:
540:
448:
435:
2425:
2339:
1343:
551:. It existed from January to December 1790 as part of the unsuccessful revolt against the
8:
2408:. In 1830, the inhabitants of the Southern Netherlands successfully revolted against the
2299:
2134:
2114:
1988:
1800:
1789:
1686:
1676:
1405:
1279:
1242:
1185:
221:
2331:
1853:
2614:
2430:
2413:
2238:
2230:
2212:
1900:
1842:
1723:
1543:
1524:
1382:
1111:
1071:
927:
737:
691:
687:
568:
548:
360:
321:
297:
2587:
2577:
2315:
2288:
1375:
1128:
1040:
816:
578:
552:
163:
1323:
2374:
2234:
1953:
1942:
1076:
920:
623:), subdivided in 64 districts. Seigneurial jurisdictions and rights, including the
196:
1744:
2517:
2510:
2381:
followed suit, and by December the entire territory was again in imperial hands.
2223:
2020:
1146:
1021:
902:
667:
655:
632:
616:
513:
201:
191:
80:
52:
2606:
2250:
2242:
2173:
2104:
1639:
1264:
989:
959:
802:
675:
521:
497:
214:
186:
129:
115:
37:
2591:
1299:
2626:
2378:
2041:
1978:
1863:
880:
835:
756:
644:
582:
533:
401:
226:
1274:
1229:
1207:
1089:
712:
2401:
2377:
to recognize the authority of the emperor. Two days later, the province of
2370:
1035:
1016:
967:
873:
659:
2485:
1468:
1424:
1618:
1473:
1052:
982:
781:
698:
having previously held the title of minister plenipotentiary of Brabant (
2574:
The United States of Belgium: The Story of the First Belgian Revolution
1507:
481:
2520:. (Memo from Belgium, Views and Surveys series, number 180). Page 198.
2342:
which joined the United Belgian States in a semblance of an alliance.
1123:
2218:
1502:
1451:
1180:
937:
624:
2280:
2257:
1604:
1106:
1094:
795:
683:
682:), the confederal government. The Sovereign Congress was seated in
651:
647:
536:
396:
229:
173:
1482:
2292:
1608:
1487:
1391:
788:
686:
and consisted of representatives of each of the eight provinces.
585:'s death in 1780, decreed a series of large-scale reforms in the
544:
476:
2523:
1141:
1666:
1600:
1001:
770:
763:
606:
635:
as the language of administration for the sake of efficiency.
2265:
2246:
1259:
2353:
factions were in constant conflict, bordering on civil war.
1338:
2310:(United Belgian States) and a governing body known as the
2404:, and had sparked a new political idea: the state of
577:, Emperor Joseph II, who became sole ruler of the
2268:was taken on 13 November, and on 17 November the
2253:, the northern (Dutch Republic) part of Brabant.
2624:
2388:, and was annexed by France on 1 October 1795.
2191:
2356:
2256:In October, he invaded Brabant and captured
699:
149:The United Belgian States' territory in 1790
44:
506:
121:
107:
29:
2643:States and territories established in 1790
2198:
2184:
143:
2511:Volume 2: From Prehistoric Times to 1830
2416:, creating the modern state of Belgium.
743:
731:
723:
711:
16:18th century republic in the Netherlands
2625:
748:Surrender of Brussels, 2 December 1790
654:which had their own governments, were
2571:
2529:
2287:withdrew behind the citadel walls of
901:
728:The Battle of Ghent, 13 November 1789
707:
2483:
701:Ministre Plénipotentiaire du Brabant
662:, and were governed directly by the
2325:Treaty of the United Belgian States
631:, Joseph II attempted to introduce
237:President of the Sovereign Congress
13:
2638:Former states in the Low Countries
279:President of the National Congress
14:
2674:
2600:
2260:, defeating the Austrians in the
2216:who opposed the reforms, and the
1574:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
2648:1790 disestablishments in Europe
2167:
1553:
1501:
1481:
1467:
1450:
1423:
1390:
1369:
1337:
1322:
1298:
1273:
1258:
1228:
1206:
1179:
1159:
1140:
1122:
1105:
1088:
1070:
1051:
1034:
1015:
643:The United Belgian States was a
453:
428:
87:
73:
2549:from the original on 2021-02-26
2492:from the original on 2022-09-21
2457:from the original on 2019-12-19
2564:
2535:
2503:
2477:
2468:
2443:
2241:, crossed the border into the
1:
2663:1790 in the Habsburg monarchy
2653:1790 establishments in Europe
2436:
908:
886:
863:
821:
807:
562:
372:• Surrender of Brussels
2532:, pp. 166–167, 179–184.
2304:Verenigde Nederlandse Staten
502:Verenigde Nederlandse Staten
7:
2615:Text of the Treaty of Union
2607:Text of the Treaty of Union
2419:
2320:Declaration of Independence
2245:and raised a small army in
1430:Princip. of the Netherlands
638:
135:"The Kingdom is the Lord's"
10:
2679:
2373:, forcing the province of
2330:Independently, in 1789, a
1522:
1474:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1443:Kingdom of the Netherlands
690:served in the capacity of
603:Edict on Idle Institutions
566:
508:Verenigde Belgische Staten
390:Brabant Revolution coinage
31:Verenigde Belgische Staten
2391:
2386:French Revolutionary Wars
2357:Suppression of the Revolt
2318:in 1581 and the American
1697:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
1498:
1496:
1480:
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1441:
1436:
1422:
1417:
1414:
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780:
769:
767:
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694:, retaining the title of
469:
407:
395:
384:
380:
370:
357:
344:
331:
327:
317:
307:
303:
291:
287:
277:
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249:
245:
235:
220:
210:
179:
169:
154:
142:
103:
69:
64:
21:
1329:United States of Belgium
696:minister plenipotentiary
627:, were abolished. As in
547:) established under the
530:United States of Belgium
1971:20th and 21st centuries
990:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
2340:established a republic
2338:. The revolutionaries
1213:Burgundian Netherlands
983:Kingdom of Lotharingia
749:
741:
729:
721:
700:
679:
671:
620:
525:
517:
507:
501:
122:
108:
45:
30:
2658:Former confederations
2633:United Belgian States
2576:. Leuven: Leuven UP.
2400:their first taste of
2365:died and his brother
2283:. The remains of the
1398:French First Republic
747:
735:
727:
715:
528:), also known as the
494:United Belgian States
180:Common languages
23:United Belgian States
2572:Judge, Jane (2015).
2451:"Henri de Crumpipen"
2398:Southern Netherlands
2361:On 27 February 1790
2327:of 11 January 1790.
2308:États-Belgiques-Unis
2052:Reign of Leopold III
1823:Southern Netherlands
1780:Northern Renaissance
1305:Austrian Netherlands
1235:Habsburg Netherlands
592:Characteristically,
587:Austrian Netherlands
541:Southern Netherlands
532:, was a short-lived
518:États-Belgiques-Unis
449:Austrian Netherlands
436:Austrian Netherlands
335:Manifesto of Brabant
46:États-Belgiques-Unis
2474:Bitsch, pp. 56, 62.
1932:Reign of Leopold II
1801:Seventeen Provinces
1406:First French Empire
1280:Spanish Netherlands
1243:Seventeen Provinces
740:, 22 September 1790
2516:2022-09-22 at the
2431:Brabant Revolution
2414:Belgian Revolution
2334:had broken out in
2312:Sovereign Congress
2262:Battle of Turnhout
2239:Henri Van der Noot
2174:Belgium portal
2161: •
2157: •
2153: •
2125:Reign of Albert II
1911:Reign of Leopold I
1901:Belgian Revolution
1843:Brabant Revolution
1724:Franco-Flemish War
1525:Brabant Revolution
1488:Kingdom of Belgium
1383:Kingdom of Holland
928:Carolingian Empire
750:
742:
738:Battle of Falmagne
730:
722:
718:Battle of Turnhout
708:Brabant Revolution
692:Head of government
688:Henri Van der Noot
680:Soevereine Congres
664:Sovereign Congress
599:edict of tolerance
573:Influenced by the
569:History of Belgium
549:Brabant Revolution
526:Foederatum Belgium
361:Battle of Falmagne
322:Brabant Revolution
312:Sovereign Congress
298:Henri Van der Noot
268:Henri de Crumpipen
159:Unrecognized state
2583:978-94-6166-263-7
2426:Republic of Liège
2316:Act of Abjuration
2208:
2207:
2143:
2142:
2135:Reign of Philippe
2115:Reign of Baudouin
2084:German occupation
2032:German occupation
1989:Reign of Albert I
1962:
1961:
1872:
1871:
1784:15th–16th century
1763:
1762:
1705:
1704:
1658:Early Middle Ages
1648:
1647:
1630:Ambiorix's revolt
1582:
1581:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1492:
1478:
1462:
1447:
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1376:Batavian Republic
1349:
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817:Germania Inferior
814:
720:, 27 October 1789
672:Congrès souverain
490:
489:
465:
464:
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441:
440:
366:22 September 1790
256:François de Nélis
164:Holy Roman Empire
109:Domini Est Regnum
2670:
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2447:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2172:
2171:
2170:
1975:
1974:
1954:Congo Free State
1922:Treaty of London
1887:
1886:
1854:Liège Revolution
1776:
1775:
1720:
1719:
1663:
1662:
1597:
1596:
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1557:
1547:
1529:
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1505:
1490:
1485:
1476:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1445:
1432:
1427:
1408:
1400:
1396:associated with
1394:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1308:
1302:
1283:
1277:
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1038:
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930:
923:
921:Frankish Kingdom
913:
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906:
891:
888:
884:
876:
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861:
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615:
510:
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162:Vassal state of
147:
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56:
48:
41:
33:
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18:
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2518:Wayback Machine
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2285:imperial forces
2277:Maria Christina
2264:on 27 October.
2224:Jan Frans Vonck
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2165:
2145:
2144:
1972:
1964:
1963:
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903:Frisian Kingdom
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755:History of the
710:
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376:2 December 1790
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353:11 January 1790
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2601:External links
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2488:. rulers.org.
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2273:Albert Casimir
2251:Staats-Brabant
2243:Dutch Republic
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2188:
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2159:Jewish history
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2105:Royal Question
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2019: •
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008: •
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1995:
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1644:51 BC–c.500 AD
1642:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628: •
1625:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1523:Main article:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1479:
1464:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1388:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1335:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1271:
1265:Dutch Republic
1255:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1177:
1157:
1120:
1103:
1068:
1049:
1032:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
979:
978:
976:
965:
960:Middle Francia
956:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
944:
943:
934:
933:
918:
916:
899:
898:
896:
894:
878:
871:
854:
853:
851:
849:
847:
842:
840:
833:
830:
829:
803:Gallia Belgica
800:
786:
779:
776:
775:
768:
766:
760:
759:
709:
706:
640:
637:
579:Habsburg lands
564:
561:
488:
487:
485:
484:
479:
473:
471:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
451:
442:
439:
438:
433:
421:
420:
415:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
386:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
364:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
318:Historical era
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
224:
218:
217:
215:Roman Catholic
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
183:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
156:
152:
151:
148:
140:
139:
134:
101:
100:
93:
86:
85:
79:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:
42:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2486:"Index Ng-Nz"
2484:Schemmel, B.
2480:
2471:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2379:West Flanders
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:Ruanda-Urundi
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:Belgian Congo
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:Austrian rule
1830:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1755:Habsburg rule
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:Wars of Liège
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1080:
1073:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
984:
980:
971:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
945:
939:
935:
929:
922:
917:
904:
900:
897:
895:
882:
881:Salian Franks
877:
872:
859:
855:
852:
848:
846:
841:
839:
837:Salian Franks
834:
832:
831:
818:
804:
799:
792:
785:
778:
777:
774:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:Low Countries
753:
746:
739:
734:
726:
719:
714:
705:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
588:
584:
583:Maria Theresa
580:
576:
575:Enlightenment
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
503:
499:
495:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
470:Today part of
468:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
437:
434:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
400:
398:
397:ISO 3166 code
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
369:
365:
362:
356:
352:
349:
343:
339:
336:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
296:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
244:
240:
238:
234:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
160:
157:
153:
146:
141:
131:
124:
117:
110:
106:
102:
96:
90:
82:
76:
68:
63:
54:
47:
43:
39:
32:
28:
27:
20:
2573:
2551:. Retrieved
2537:
2530:Judge (2015)
2525:
2505:
2494:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2459:. Retrieved
2445:
2405:
2402:independence
2395:
2383:
2360:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2314:. The Dutch
2307:
2303:
2297:
2255:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2062:World War II
1882:19th century
1812:Dutch Revolt
1790:Spanish rule
1772:Early Modern
1687:Carolingians
1677:Merovingians
1578:4300–2200 BC
1059:Bishopric of
857:
642:
591:
572:
543:(modern-day
529:
505:
493:
491:
418:Succeeded by
417:
412:
293:• 1790
263:• 1790
251:• 1790
105:Motto:
104:
95:Coat of arms
2610:(in French)
2565:Works cited
2412:during the
2410:Netherlands
2233:started in
1999:World War I
1864:French rule
1715:Middle Ages
1619:Gallic Wars
1544:History of
1446:(1815–1830)
1433:(1813–1815)
1409:(1804–1815)
1401:(1795–1804)
1386:(1806–1810)
1379:(1795–1806)
1309:(1714–1795)
1284:(1556–1714)
1269:(1581–1795)
1238:(1482–1795)
1216:(1384–1482)
1195:(1059–1443)
1136:(1071–1432)
1101:(1046–1543)
1084:(1183–1430)
858:unpopulated
660:independent
413:Preceded by
308:Legislature
2627:Categories
2618:(in Dutch)
2592:1136323393
2553:2021-01-19
2496:2022-09-21
2461:2019-12-18
2437:References
2367:Leopold II
2332:revolution
2300:Luxembourg
2289:Luxembourg
2222:named for
2021:Atrocities
1943:School War
1891:Dutch rule
1640:Roman rule
1565:Prehistory
1348:(1789–'91)
1246:after 1543
1174:(980–1794)
1154:(981–1421)
1118:(862–1384)
1066:(695–1456)
1047:(880–1432)
986:(855– 959)
912: 6th
890: 5th
867: 5th
825: 5th
811: 5th
645:confederal
567:See also:
563:Background
534:confederal
482:Luxembourg
227:Confederal
222:Government
2363:Joseph II
2270:governors
2219:Vonckists
2129:1993–2013
2095:Holocaust
1958:1885–1908
1936:1865–1909
1868:1793–1815
1816:1568–1648
1794:1556–1714
1759:1482–1556
1738:1384–1482
1728:1297–1305
1147:County of
1129:County of
1112:County of
1041:County of
963:(843–855)
941:(511–687)
938:Austrasia
931:(800–843)
924:(481–843)
656:sovereign
652:provinces
650:of eight
613:‹See Tfd›
594:Joseph II
557:Joseph II
555:Emperor,
211:Religion
137:"Freedom"
2547:Archived
2514:Archived
2490:Archived
2455:Archived
2420:See also
2351:Vonckist
2281:Brussels
2258:Turnhout
2231:uprising
2213:Statists
2155:Military
2151:Timeline
2073:Invasion
2010:Invasion
1701:980–1789
1634:54–53 BC
1623:58–50 BC
1605:Eburones
1535:a series
1533:Part of
1508:Gr D. of
1457:Gr D. L.
1404:part of
1344:R. Liège
1186:Duchy of
1168:of Liège
1166:P.-Bish.
1114:Flanders
1097:Guelders
1095:Duchy of
1077:Duchy of
1030:century)
1028:(11–16th
797:Tubantes
684:Brussels
648:republic
639:Politics
553:Habsburg
537:republic
385:Currency
230:Republic
174:Brussels
123:Libertas
2406:Belgium
2347:Statist
2293:Antwerp
2235:Brabant
2119:1951–93
2109:1944–50
2099:1941–44
2088:1940–44
2066:1940–45
2056:1934–51
2046:1922–62
2036:1914–18
2003:1914–18
1993:1909–34
1983:1908–60
1947:1879–84
1915:1831–65
1905:1830–31
1895:1815–30
1858:1789–91
1847:1789–90
1836:1714–93
1805:1549–81
1749:1465–68
1691:751–987
1681:481–751
1609:Treveri
1592:Ancient
1546:Belgium
1516:(1890–)
1491:(1830–)
1477:(1839–)
1461:(1815–)
1437:
1418:
1415:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1319:
1295:
1288:
1251:
1203:
1131:Hainaut
1079:Brabant
1062:Utrecht
1043:Holland
1024:Freedom
1022:Frisian
970:Francia
806:(55 BC–
790:Chamavi
784:nefates
629:Hungary
545:Belgium
539:in the
477:Belgium
359:•
346:•
333:•
197:Walloon
170:Capital
2590:
2580:
2392:Legacy
1671:
1667:Franks
1613:~51 BC
1607:&
1601:Belgae
1537:on the
1510:Luxem-
1333:(1790)
1188:Luxem-
1002:Frisia
993:(959–)
974:(843–)
875:Saxons
845:Batavi
772:Belgae
764:Frisii
668:French
633:German
625:corvée
621:Kreise
617:German
607:Leuven
581:after
514:French
283:
241:
202:Picard
192:French
155:Status
126:
112:
53:French
49:
34:
2375:Namur
2371:Namur
2336:Liège
2279:fled
2266:Ghent
2247:Breda
2139:2013~
1512:bourg
1190:bourg
1149:Namur
914:–734)
885:(4th–
862:(4th–
782:Cana–
676:Dutch
522:Latin
498:Dutch
187:Dutch
130:Latin
116:Latin
38:Dutch
2588:OCLC
2578:ISBN
2349:and
2291:and
2275:and
2229:The
2163:LGBT
2077:1940
2025:1914
2014:1914
1926:1839
968:West
820:(83–
736:The
716:The
658:and
492:The
388:See
81:Flag
65:1790
2249:in
813:AD)
704:).
504:or
2629::
2586:.
2545:.
2453:.
2306:/
2295:.
1603:,
1248:)
909:c.
887:c.
864:c.
822:c.
808:c.
678::
674:;
670::
619::
559:.
524::
520:;
516::
512:;
500::
402:BE
2594:.
2556:.
2499:.
2464:.
2199:e
2192:t
2185:v
1241:(
926:—
907:(
892:)
869:)
827:)
793:,
666:(
610:(
496:(
132:)
128:(
118:)
114:(
55:)
51:(
40:)
36:(
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