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job to job, Union
Contractors could not move their workers beyond the borders of the District's jurisdictional boundaries without replacing their crews with new carpenters from the jurisdictional district outside the Contractor's home Council. Union contractors rightfully claimed the situation was making them less competitive than the non-Union crews, and the 50% rule was adopted. Union contractors may now use crews with one local Carpenter for each Company Carpenter on jobs outside their Region. The consolidation greatly expanded the boundaries of a Regional Council's jurisdiction and left the consolidated areas with a larger Council better able to compete with the growing non-Union segment of specialized contractors. Because of the pervasive protectionism practiced by the Locals, free movement of workers within a Council was only possible after this authority was taken from the Locals and given to the Councils in the 1991 UBC Convention.
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union began reorganizing its system of
District Councils to give more power to Regional Councils, it consolidated Locals into fewer Charters and deprived local members of the right to vote on contract ratification, giving into the hands of the Regional Council Delegates as the contracts also expanded covering greater areas than a single Local. However, all contracts are voted on by the rank and file members of the various locals belonging to the Northern California Carpenter's Regional Council.
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were subsequently used in construction, such as doors, sashes, mouldings and the like, were performing carpenters' work and must be brought within its union. While the
Carpenters had never made similar claims on work performed by sawmill workers, much less tried to organize them, the union successfully insisted that the AFL assign the newly created Sawmill and Timber Workers' Union to it in 1935. That forced marriage was not successful, as most of these workers soon bolted to form the
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International
Convention of 2000, a system of "Regional Councils" has been implemented, further reducing the number of districts and high ranking board members from 13 down to 10. While it may be debatable whether McCarron's vision is better or worse for the International Carpenters Union as a whole, they are one of only a very few International Unions in America whose membership has been maintained or grown while most other Unions have seen large declines in membership.
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476:, President of the Mine Workers, responded that Hutcheson's point of order was "small potatoes," to which Hutcheson replied "I was raised on small potatoes, that is why I am so small." Lewis left the podium and, after some more words, knocked Hutcheson down, then relit his cigar and returned to the rostrum. Lewis and a number of other unions left the AFL two years later to form the
662:— to force the AFL-CIO to consider basic structural changes in order to facilitate organizing. In the summer of 2009, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters disaffiliated from Change to Win after the other affiliates in the Change to Win Coalition demanded the Carpenters cease raiding other Union's membership and allow Carpenter members basic democratic rights.
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Consolidation of Locals was to address the regionalization of the contracting industry. The contractor who only worked within the local area was quickly becoming a thing of the past, while non-Union contractors were free to move their crews - experienced with the company's methods of operation - from
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While the
Carpenters disdained industrial unionism, they were willing to accept mass production workers into their own union, albeit as second-class members. The Carpenters had fought with the Wood Workers union chartered by the AFL for decades, claiming that any workers who planed wood products that
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McGuire's successors took a more aggressive stance toward other unions whose members were performing work that the
Carpenters union either considered its own members' right to perform or saw as a threat to their craft traditions. The union waged jurisdictional strikes to claim work that other unions,
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Within this new system, working
Carpenters slowly lost the right to vote for their Local's Business Agents and Organizers, thus consolidating all power into the Regional Council's officers and leaving Locals and rank and file members to vote on Delegate to the intermediary Regional Councils. As the
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The
Carpenters disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO in 2001, citing complaints about the National Federation's failure to follow up on its program to organize the unorganized. Other observers attributed the Carpenters' departure to its unhappiness with jurisdictional awards and other restrictions on its
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Hutcheson ran the union without room for opposition to his administration; he revoked the charters of locals that opposed him or that he believed to be "communistic". He refused to permit the nomination of candidates to oppose him at the union's convention and named his own son, Maurice
Hutcheson,
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and others after a scandal concerning his inability to account for all of the funds received by the union. Many rank and file members of the time suspected that McGuire was framed by elements within the growing bureaucracy of the
Carpenters' Union, with whom McGuire had fought several political
503:, whom he denounced as a "dictator" while campaigning for his opponent, Alf Landon, in 1936. Hutcheson's conservative politics and his conflict with the CIO may have played some part in the government's decision in 1940 to charge Hutcheson and other union leaders for criminal violations of the
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The Carpenters were formerly, like most other craft unions coming out of the AFL, a union that allowed its Locals substantial autonomy in bargaining and representing their members. The Carpenter's International began to consolidate Locals into a District Council system in 1988 and since the
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affiliations in support of common goals was laid out to show ways to maximize the unions bargaining potential. The immediate common goals were wage and hour demands, and death and sickness benefits. The union grew from its 1881 membership of 2000, to 50,000 by 1890, and 100,000 by 1900.
379:, which would have made it very difficult for the union to maintain the standards and membership it had won. While the open shop drive may have stalled the Carpenters' growth during the decade, it did not cause the severe membership losses and wage cuts that other unions suffered.
308:, however, the union often isolated black carpenters in segregated locals as a concession to the opposition of white carpenters and contractors. Local unions also often excluded black workers on a de facto basis. The union formally dissolved its segregated locals in 1963.
465:, that had already established themselves as industrial unions, it opposed any support for organizing workers in mass production industries or permitting such organizations to affiliate with the AFL unless they first surrendered their skilled trade members.
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Even so, the strike gave the Brotherhood added visibility that led to increased membership. The union struck again in 1890, with similarly uneven results, but now facing the stiffened resistance of newly formed employers associations.
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and other legislation that protected construction workers. The building trades, caught off guard and used to organizing from the top down, lost large amounts of work to non-union contractors in the decades that followed.
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The Carpenters fought these same open shop battles a second time, after the end of World War I, when employers tried to impose their "American Plan" in the centers of union strength, such as San Francisco and
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The Brotherhood admitted both black and white carpenters on an equal footing when it was first formed; one of the union's vice-presidents in its early years was L.E. Rames, an African-American carpenter from
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as construction dwindled to almost nothing. The Union at first opposed unemployment insurance, consistent with the conservative politics of the AFL and the deep-seated opposition of its President
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The union also struck to obtain the eight-hour day, calling a strike of its affiliates for May 1, 1886. The strike itself was ineffective and provoked a repressive response, particularly in
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in 1940. The government claimed that the union's traditional methods of protecting its members' work — jurisdictional strikes, resistance to work-displacing technology, and
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in 1935, when Hutcheson interrupted a speech by a representative of the committee that was attempting to organize tire factory workers with a point of order.
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to governmental intervention of any sort in labor and employment matters. The union eventually dropped its opposition to unemployment insurance by 1934.
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The union also faced fierce pressures from outside to exclude black carpenters: in 1919 supervisors from the Great Southern Lumber Company, the mayor of
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and others, undertook a program to reduce building costs by replacing unionized with non-union contractors. The Roundtable also attempted to weaken the
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635:'s requirements governing local union elections, the department has announced its intent to reconsider its existing regulations on this issue.
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In some areas, the union not only prospered, but elected its own leaders to public office. The head of the most powerful Carpenters local in
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 1214 records at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
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The Carpenters, like other building trades, had not faced serious employer opposition since the 1920s. This changed in the 1970s as the
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ability to raid the jurisdictions of other unions, as well as the AFL-CIO's uncritical and exclusive support of the Democratic Party.
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to facilitate their idea of a national union. The Brotherhood held its first convention in Chicago in August 1881. The cornerstone of
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1962–1972. .42 cubic feet. Contains records from Carr's service as president of Carpenters' District Council, Seattle, Washington.
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The Carpenters Building, also known as the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 132, was built in
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General Officers of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1907-08. Top row, from left: T.M. Guerin,
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provides finding aid to article subject from the Special Collections, Washington State Historical Society (WSHS)
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upheld the district court's dismissal of the indictment in the first prosecution brought by the government in
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claimed as theirs. The Carpenters used its size to win many of these disputes. After the death of president
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enthusiasm won office in many other communities. The union won wage and union protections similar to the
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Millmen 550—A History of the Militant Years (1961–1966) of Local 550, United Brotherhood of Carpenters.
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 1289 (Seattle, Washington) Records
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The Carpenters found themselves in an unusual alliance with a coalition of other craft unions in
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 131 (Seattle, Washington) Records
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Adams, Larry T. (September 1984). "Labor organization mergers 1979-84: adapting to change".
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Even after it left the federation, however, the Carpenters formed a temporary alliance, the
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Union Brotherhood, Union Town: The History of the Carpenters' Union of Chicago, 1863-1987.
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Barons of Labor: The San Francisco Building Trades and Union Power in the Progressive Era.
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America District Council, Seattle Records
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Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, Finishers', Shopworkers' and Granite Cutters' International Union
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battles over their attempts to gain more power over rank and file/local union control.
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Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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In the decade that followed, the union fought off employers' efforts to impose the
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First Vice-president in 1938. Maurice succeeded him on his retirement in 1952.
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was elected mayor of San Francisco in 1909, while unionists riding the wave of
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 132 archives
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288:, where police shot and killed two strikers two days later, leading to the
1032:"United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America (UBCJA) archives"
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631:'s failure to treat these Councils as "local unions" for purposes of the
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The union lost more than half of its members in the first years of the
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
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Chapter has over 520,000 members throughout the continent.
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America archives
532: (1941), ending any further prosecutions of the Carpenters.
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A Federal Court of Appeals first questioned, then approved the
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The United Brotherhood of Carpenters: The First Hundred Years.
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576:
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Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.
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merged into the Carpenters in 1979, followed in 1988 by the
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1057:"Michael Capelli Appointed UBC General Secretary-Treasurer"
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and the head of the San Francisco Building Trades Council,
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The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
88:
The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
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From 1901 until 1995, the position was General Secretary.
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Organize or Die: Smash Boss Unionism - Build Union Power.
1100:
With Our Hands: The Story of Carpenters in Massachusetts.
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United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
558:
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This dispute came to a head at the AFL's convention in
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University of Maryland Libraries Special Collections.
1199:
University of Maryland Libraries Special Collections.
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Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
811:
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International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees
398:. Bottom row, from left: A.M. Watson, W.G. Schardt,
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in 1915, it frequently disaffiliated from the AFL's
842:
602:
International Union of Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers
1116:Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.
1102:Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press, 1986.
555:as the primary representative of back lot crafts.
871:Carpenters.org, Home page, (retrieved 11/19/2012)
549:International Union of Painters and Allied Trades
2493:
488:and to join the CIO several years later after a
767:
2466:International Labor Communications Association
1442:International Labor Communications Association
2025:
1268:
633:Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
610:Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers
249:The union was created on August 12, 1881, by
2039:
1418:Labor Council for Latin American Advancement
968:", by Alec MacGillis, (retrieved 11/19/2012)
881:United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
394:, D.A. Post, Thomas Neale, R.E.L. Connolly,
343:McGuire was forced out of office in 1901 by
315:, and local businessmen affiliated with the
1483:Labor and Working-Class History Association
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966:For Unions, A Time of Opportunity and Worry
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2018:
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1168:Schneirov, Richard and Suhrbur, Thomas J.
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
2532:1881 establishments in the United States
1206:, 1925–2004, 27.50 linear feet. At the
1130:Rev. ed. New York: The New Press, 2004.
924:
511:— were illegal restraints of trade. The
441:
381:
326:
32:This article includes a list of general
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2494:
1504:AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union
1088:New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981.
884:Local 1598, Victoria, British Columbia
595:
2013:
1403:Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance
1256:
1197:, 1840–2000, 640 linear feet. At the
915:
1994:Congress of Industrial Organizations
900:Office of Labor-Management Standards
853:Office of Labor-Management Standards
559:Challenge from non-union contractors
486:International Woodworkers of America
478:Congress of Industrial Organizations
372:to protest those decisions it lost.
337:National Register of Historic Places
212:
18:
889:
886:, Home page, (retrieved 11/19/2012)
257:. The two men organized groups for
186:. It has become one of the largest
13:
1408:Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
1221:, 1918–1972. 8 cubic feet. At the
499:Hutcheson was a vocal opponent of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2548:
2517:Trade unions in the United States
1183:
629:United States Department of Labor
261:, and started a newspaper called
869:United Brotherhood of Carpenters
814:
612:affiliated with the Carpenters.
335:, in 1926. It is listed on the
217:
172:United Brotherhood of Carpenters
94:
23:
1999:Directly affiliated local union
1213:Washington History Finding Aids
1078:
1473:International Rescue Committee
1413:Coalition of Labor Union Women
1398:Alliance for Retired Americans
1049:
953:
909:
874:
862:
650:with other unions — including
463:United Mine Workers of America
244:
209:Membership (US records; Ă—1000)
1:
1452:Working for America Institute
835:
670:
665:
273:While Peter J. McGuire was a
2537:Timber industry trade unions
1989:American Federation of Labor
1393:A. Philip Randolph Institute
768:General Secretary-Treasurers
194:, and through chapters, and
16:Labor union in North America
7:
2461:Canadian Congress of Labour
1282:
1236:, 1911–1958. 64 cubic feet.
1188:
807:
791:1957: Richard E. Livingston
688:1884: Joseph P. Billingsley
541:Conference of Studio Unions
513:United States Supreme Court
10:
2553:
1230:, 1888–1960. 9 cubic feet.
567:, made up of the heads of
518:United States v. Hutcheson
370:Building Trades Department
302:Charleston, South Carolina
2476:Trades and Labor Congress
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2077:Newfoundland and Labrador
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1981:
1904:
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501:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
178:), was formed in 1881 by
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2512:Canadian Labour Congress
2220:International affiliates
2041:Canadian Labour Congress
1819:Printers & Engravers
941:. University of Maryland
932:"Inactive Organizations"
902:. File number 000-085. (
859:submitted April 5, 2017.
691:1886: William J. Shields
2050:territorial federations
1468:American Rights at Work
964:, September 15, 2009, "
855:. File number 000-085.
822:Organized labour portal
788:1948: Albert E. Fischer
648:Change to Win Coalition
457:The union also opposed
53:more precise citations.
2522:Trade unions in Canada
1907:central labor councils
1905:State federations and
1509:National Labor College
1478:Jewish Labor Committee
1427:Union Veterans Council
1367:Professional Employees
1128:Which Side Are You On?
1036:University of Maryland
896:US Department of Labor
849:US Department of Labor
703:1894: Charles B. Owens
407:
340:
323:Expansion and conflict
2481:Workers' Unity League
1372:Transportation Trades
1240:Harry L. Carr Papers.
1151:Self-published, 1990.
1144:Self-published, 1970.
939:UMD Labor Collections
803:2019: Michael Capelli
797:1992: James Patterson
794:1978: John S. Rodgers
700:1892: Henry H. Trenor
644:New Unity Partnership
442:Depression and change
385:
330:
259:collective bargaining
2097:Prince Edward Island
1435:Allied organizations
1061:UBC Eastern District
918:Monthly Labor Review
685:1883: J. P. McGinley
2122:National affiliates
1386:Constituency groups
1126:Geoghegan, Thomas.
961:The Washington Post
800:1996: Andris Silins
762:Douglas J. McCarron
750:Patrick J. Campbell
709:1898: John Williams
694:1888: D. P. Rowland
682:1882: John D. Allen
596:Recent developments
565:Business Roundtable
459:industrial unionism
358:Sheet Metal Workers
313:Bogalusa, Louisiana
292:the following day.
170:, often simply the
149:Douglas J. McCarron
83:
1112:Galenson, Walter.
1084:Brooks, Thomas R.
697:1890: W. H. Kliver
490:recognition strike
408:
362:Electrical Workers
341:
267:local and regional
160:www.carpenters.org
81:
2489:
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2082:Northwest/Nunavut
2007:
2006:
1523:Affiliated unions
1517:
1516:
1447:Solidarity Center
1331: (2009–2021)
1325: (1995–2009)
1317:Thomas R. Donahue
1313: (1979–1995)
1307: (1955–1979)
732:Maurice Hutcheson
726:William Hutcheson
706:1896: Harry Lloyd
678:Gabriel Edmonston
452:William Hutcheson
400:Gabriel Edmonston
239:
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2414:Dennis McDermott
2402:Donald MacDonald
2062:British Columbia
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1963:Washington State
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1154:Kazin, Michael.
1147:Johnson, Clyde.
1140:Johnson, Clyde.
1086:Road to Dignity.
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778:Peter J. McGuire
646:in 2003 and the
573:General Electric
448:Great Depression
406:, John Walquist.
333:Washington, D.C.
251:Peter J. McGuire
221:
220:
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180:Peter J. McGuire
125:
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2527:Craft unions
2420:Shirley Carr
2258:Boilermakers
2107:Saskatchewan
1958:Rhode Island
1953:Pennsylvania
1913:California (
1362:Metal Trades
1319: (1995)
1305:George Meany
1169:
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1079:Bibliography
1064:. Retrieved
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1039:. Retrieved
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943:. Retrieved
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188:trade unions
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2440:(2014–2021)
2434:(1999–2014)
2428:(1992–1999)
2422:(1986–1992)
2416:(1978–1986)
2410:(1974–1978)
2404:(1967–1974)
2398:(1956–1966)
2313:Ironworkers
2087:Nova Scotia
1725:Ironworkers
1377:Union Label
1345:Departments
784:Frank Duffy
720:James Kirby
505:Sherman Act
428:World War I
404:Frank Duffy
366:James Kirby
345:Frank Duffy
245:Early years
228:Phabricator
151:, president
51:introducing
2496:Categories
2444:Bea Bruske
2408:Joe Morris
2389:Presidents
2375:UNITE HERE
1940:New York (
1876:UNITE HERE
1335:Liz Shuler
1298:Presidents
1291:Governance
836:References
671:Presidents
666:Leadership
658:, and the
656:UNITE HERE
581:U.S. Steel
354:Machinists
144:Key people
34:references
2426:Bob White
1915:South Bay
1824:SAG-AFTRA
1789:NFLPA/FPA
543:, led by
537:Hollywood
377:open shop
304:. In the
275:socialist
134:Members
2454:See also
2268:Laborers
2067:Manitoba
1982:See also
1497:Programs
1284:AFL-CIO
1189:Archives
945:18 April
920:: 21–27.
808:See also
660:Laborers
420:populist
111:Location
2507:AFL–CIO
2092:Ontario
2057:Alberta
1926:Indiana
1921:Florida
547:of the
436:Chicago
426:during
286:Chicago
230:and on
190:in the
156:Website
103:Founded
47:improve
2185:NUCAUT
2102:Quebec
1948:Oregon
1886:UURWAW
1809:OPCMIA
1804:NWSLPA
1730:IUANPW
1661:Locals
1573:AFSCME
1176:
1162:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1092:
1066:3 June
1041:3 June
904:Search
857:Report
782:1901:
776:1881:
760:1995:
754:1988:
748:1982:
742:1980:
736:1972:
730:1952:
724:1915:
718:1913:
712:1899:
676:1881:
585:DuPont
539:, the
196:locals
123:Canada
121:&
36:, but
2350:SMART
2328:OPEIU
2323:IUPAT
2293:IFPTE
2283:IATSE
2253:BCTGM
2205:PIPSC
2200:OSSTF
2195:OECTA
2190:NUPGE
2135:ACTRA
2112:Yukon
1931:Maine
1864:RWDSU
1834:SMART
1814:OPEIU
1784:NATCA
1760:NPMHU
1755:LIUNA
1750:IUPAT
1715:IFPTE
1700:IATSE
1673:GMPIU
1648:NABET
1618:BCTGM
935:(PDF)
577:Exxon
525:
306:South
2365:UFCW
2338:WUCC
2333:SEIU
2318:IUOE
2303:ILWU
2288:IBEW
2273:IAFF
2243:AWIU
2233:ALPA
2210:PSAC
2180:ETFO
2170:CUPW
2165:CUPE
2160:CPAA
2155:COPE
2150:CFNU
2145:CAPE
2140:BCTF
2130:ACPA
1967:King
1896:WGAE
1891:UWUA
1871:UMWA
1859:DWAW
1854:UFCW
1799:NTWA
1779:NALC
1772:PASS
1767:MEBA
1745:IUPA
1740:IUOE
1735:IUEC
1710:IBEW
1693:TCIU
1688:NFFE
1678:IAFF
1668:FLOC
1653:PPMW
1628:CSEA
1608:AWIU
1598:ATDA
1588:APWU
1583:ALPA
1568:AFSA
1558:AFGE
1546:GIAA
1541:AGVA
1536:AGMA
1531:AAAA
1174:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1068:2022
1043:2022
947:2022
652:SEIU
600:The
527:U.S.
360:and
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106:1881
2380:USW
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2308:IPP
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2278:IAM
2263:CWA
2248:BAC
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1881:USW
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1839:TWU
1829:SIU
1794:NNU
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1658:TNG
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1633:CWA
1623:BRS
1613:BAC
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1593:ARA
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523:312
176:UBC
82:UBC
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