534:
594:
474:
198:. The Pendleton law required certain applicants to take the civil service exam in order to be given certain jobs; it also prevented elected officials and political appointees from firing civil servants, removing civil servants from the influences of political patronage and partisan behavior. President Arthur and succeeding Presidents continued to expand the authority of the Civil Service Commission and federal departments that the Civil Service was covered. The Civil Service Commission, in addition to reducing patronage, also alleviated the burdensome task of the
27:
324:
574:
494:
419:
223:, which banned gay men and lesbians from working for any agency of the federal government, including the United States Civil Service Commission. It was not until 1973 that a federal judge ruled that a person's sexual orientation alone could not be the sole reason for termination from federal employment, and not until 1975 that the United States Civil Service Commission announced that they would consider applications by gays and lesbians on a case by case basis.
2167:
364:
275:
514:
669:
454:
344:
634:
614:
554:
399:
189:
in 1883. The
Pendleton law was passed in part following a public outcry over the assassination of President Garfield. The Pendleton Act renewed funding for the Civil Service Commission and established a three-man commission to run Civil Service whose commissioners were chosen by President Arthur. The
210:
would ensure that civil servants would be selected on the basis of merit system and the career service would operate in a politically neutral fashion. Civil
Service Commissions typically consisted of three to seven individuals appointed by the chief executive on a bipartisan basis and for limited
150:, that was implemented by President Grant and funded for two years by Congress lasting until 1874. However, Congress which relied heavily on patronage, especially the Senate, did not renew funding of the Civil Service Commission. President Grant's successor, President
1427:
205:
Under the
Commission Model, policy making and administrative powers were given to semi-independent commission rather than to the president. Reformers believed that a commission formed outside of the president’s
211:
terms. Commissioners were responsible for direct administration of personnel system, including rule-making authority, administration of merit examinations, and enforcement of merit rules.
240:
1996:
1245:
1658:
2001:
1663:
1452:
2479:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1447:
2364:
1437:
654:
539:
499:
2494:
2489:
1415:
788:
384:
1583:
1494:
1246:"Robert E. Hampton, Member and Chairman, U.S. Civil Service Commission; Member and Chairman, Federal Labor Relations Council: Papers 1960-77"
2453:
236:
232:
131:
127:
89:
84:
2484:
2474:
2427:
1338:
1387:
1300:
122:
and was created to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships. In 1979, it was dissolved as part of the
1966:
1893:
1788:
1249:
2134:
2344:
1991:
1881:
1866:
1613:
1603:
2379:
2204:
2033:
1808:
1410:
1319:
1203:
1156:
1100:
1086:
259:
251:
195:
1114:
739:
1405:
1142:
1128:
938:
1986:
1911:
1771:
1630:
1522:
282:
2406:
1876:
1861:
1749:
1741:
1598:
767:
146:
signed into law the first U.S. civil service reform legislation, which had been passed by
Congress. The act created the
1432:
186:
166:
1924:
2437:
1971:
1954:
1517:
255:
2389:
1901:
1830:
1378:
802:
247:
123:
826:
2432:
2018:
2006:
1482:
1477:
1462:
286:
2399:
2394:
1754:
1397:
1322:
1293:
803:"The "Lavender Scare": Homosexuals at the State Department – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training"
199:
2104:
1568:
2349:
2197:
1835:
1502:
694:
1065:
in "Public Papers Of The
Presidents Of The United States" (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1976)
1707:
1558:
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1976:
1919:
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1618:
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1286:
579:
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2297:
1820:
1722:
1174:
1062:
Letter
Accepting the Resignation of William C. Deming as President of the Civil Service Commission
2384:
2339:
2317:
2302:
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1690:
1673:
1343:
102:
2411:
2369:
2354:
2312:
2190:
2011:
1695:
1625:
914:
R.P. van Riper, 1958. History of the United States Civil
Service, Row, Peterson & Co., 1958
1041:
1027:
979:
900:
2266:
2066:
1825:
1593:
1543:
1060:
1008:
879:
533:
329:
220:
1274:
Guide to the United States Civil
Service Commission Announcements and Other Papers 1949-1950
952:
864:
2324:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2074:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1548:
1358:
1047:
8:
2334:
2156:
2128:
1981:
1947:
1553:
1373:
1368:
473:
151:
26:
593:
2050:
1798:
1646:
1563:
1442:
1353:
519:
459:
369:
185:, took up the cause of Civil Service reform and was able to lobby Congress to pass the
170:
323:
2232:
1803:
1363:
782:
743:
439:
207:
182:
158:
115:
2080:
2023:
1793:
1727:
1700:
1685:
1348:
1309:
768:"April 27, 1953: For LGBT Americans, a Day That Lives in Infamy | Josh Howard"
674:
599:
479:
143:
1960:
1842:
1813:
1573:
573:
559:
404:
349:
2276:
2149:
1507:
1273:
619:
231:
Effective
January 1, 1978, functions of the commission were split between the
2468:
2271:
2256:
2227:
2213:
2122:
1712:
493:
424:
418:
191:
162:
119:
756:
Creating
America: A History of the United States, Rand McNally, p 238 (2003)
2252:
2110:
866:
Fighting the spoilsmen: reminiscences of the civil service reform movement
2247:
2237:
2086:
1651:
888:, ed. George F. Parker (New York: Cassell Publishing Company, 1892), p.46
1029:
Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission
1010:
Thirty-Sixth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission
981:
Thirty-First Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission
2242:
1717:
740:"American President: Key Events in the Presidency of Chester A. Arthur"
363:
717:, ed. by Stephen W. Stathis (Congressional Quarterly Press, 2003) p107
250:. In addition, other functions were placed under jurisdiction of the
1668:
955:
Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission
639:
513:
2261:
1420:
1278:
1091:, "Gazette And Bulletin" (Williamsport, Pennsylvania), May 20, 1933
668:
633:
613:
553:
453:
398:
343:
2329:
1235:, "The Los Angeles Times" (Los Angeles, California), Jan 18, 1969
1181:. Senate Historical office and House Legislative Resource Center.
2182:
943:, "The Daily Argus News" (Crawfordsville, Indiana), Dec 15 1893
1194:, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Mar 10, 1959
1077:, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Jul 11, 1930
1220:, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Mar 5, 1961
715:
Landmark Legislation, 1774-2002: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties
1119:, "The Spokesman-Review" (Spokane, Washington), Mar 17, 1951
1144:
Eisenhower Pledges To Rid Civil Service Of All Incompetents
902:
Fourth Report of the United States Civil Service Commission
1248:. Gerald R. Ford Library-Guides. June 1989. Archived from
905:(Washington: Government Printing Office. 1888) pp. 120-121
161:, advocated Civil Service reform. His efforts against the
1161:, "Reading Eagle" (Reading, Pennsylvania), Feb 11, 1957
1013:(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1919) p. xxvii
934:
932:
165:, also known as patronage, were cut short after he was
984:(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1915) p. 116.
765:
1032:(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922) p. 121
154:
requested a renewal of funding but none was granted.
1179:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1147:, "Florence Times" (Florence, Alabama), Mar 23, 1953
958:(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904) p. 7.
929:
1105:, "The Day" (New London, Connecticut), Feb 27, 1951
881:Accepting Letter of Resignation of Dorman B. Eaton
2480:Defunct agencies of the United States government
2466:
1218:Macy Serves First Month In Federal Post for Free
1208:, "The Miami News" (Miami, Florida), Jan 5, 1961
1169:
1167:
827:"Cold War, Lavender Scare, and LGBTQ+ Activism"
720:
219:On April 27, 1953, President Eisenhower issued
2198:
1294:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1004:
1002:
886:The Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland
265:
2454:Civil service reform in developing countries
1164:
1133:, "Toledo Blade" (Toledo, Ohio), Jan 1, 1953
896:
894:
787:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2205:
2191:
1301:
1287:
1035:
1016:
999:
973:
946:
190:Civil Service Commission administered the
181:President Garfield's successor, President
25:
1192:Roger Jones Becomes Head of Civil Service
891:
869:(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1919), p.8
845:
2495:1883 establishments in the United States
1614:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
1604:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871
1228:
1226:
2490:Government agencies established in 1883
1116:Ramspeck Takes Oath For Commission Post
252:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
214:
112:United States Civil Service Commission
2467:
1130:Civil Service Chief Quits, Wins Praise
226:
202:in appointing federal office seekers.
148:United States Civil Service Commission
20:United States Civil Service Commission
2186:
1282:
1233:Nixon Names Three to Policy Positions
1223:
1050:", Vol II. No. 7 (April 1923), p. 198
766:04/27/2012 3:48 pm EDT (2012-04-27).
1772:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
1523:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
1308:
1238:
1102:Ramspeck Is Named Civil Service Head
269:
13:
2485:National civil service commissions
2475:Civil service in the United States
2428:National civil service commissions
187:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
14:
2506:
2212:
1955:Grant Cottage State Historic Site
1679:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
1267:
1205:Kennedy, Farm Bosses Tackle Issue
1043:The U.S. Civil Service Commission
256:Federal Labor Relations Authority
241:Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978
118:of the federal government of the
16:U.S. government agency, 1871–1978
2166:
2165:
1339:Grant and the American Civil War
996:, "New York Times", Jun 13, 1913
970:, "New York Times", Jan 17, 1904
926:, "New York Times", May 14, 1889
667:
632:
612:
592:
572:
552:
532:
512:
492:
472:
452:
417:
397:
362:
342:
322:
273:
248:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
196:United States federal government
176:
124:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
1211:
1197:
1185:
1150:
1136:
1122:
1108:
1094:
1080:
1068:
1053:
987:
961:
917:
908:
872:
833:. US Department of the Interior
713:"Civil Service Commission", in
1323:President of the United States
857:
819:
795:
759:
750:
732:
707:
380:
244:(43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783)
237:Merit Systems Protection Board
233:Office of Personnel Management
200:President of the United States
132:Merit Systems Protection Board
128:Office of Personnel Management
90:Merit Systems Protection Board
85:Office of Personnel Management
1:
1569:Specie Payment Resumption Act
1075:Civil Service Head Takes Oath
994:McIlhenny Heads Civil Service
700:
1443:State of the Union addresses
157:President Hayes' successor,
142:On March 3, 1871, President
134:are the successor agencies.
7:
2012:1922 Grant Memorial coinage
1175:"Ellsworth, Matthew Harris"
726:
695:United States civil service
688:
10:
2511:
1708:Naturalization Act of 1870
1599:U.S. Department of Justice
1559:General Mining Act of 1872
851:
266:Chairmen of the commission
137:
2446:
2420:
2285:
2220:
2144:
2065:
2032:
1910:
1892:
1851:
1781:
1763:
1740:
1639:
1619:Yellowstone National Park
1582:
1539:Public Credit Act of 1869
1531:
1493:
1396:
1331:
1316:
968:Gen. Black Takes The Oath
260:Office of Special Counsel
98:
77:
59:
41:
36:
24:
2438:Civil service by country
1821:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage
1723:Civil Rights Act of 1875
1631:Electoral Commission Act
1609:Civil Service Commission
1088:Politics And Politicians
647:Jan 18, 1969 (resigned)
607:Feb 28, 1959 (resigned)
587:Feb 11, 1957 (resigned)
567:Dec 31, 1952 (resigned)
547:Feb 26, 1951 (resigned)
487:Mar 12, 1922 (resigned)
467:Jul 14, 1921 (resigned)
447:Feb 28, 1919 (resigned)
432:Jun 10, 1913 (resigned)
392:Dec 15, 1893 (resigned)
239:under the provisions of
1691:Enforcement Act of 1870
627:Jan 4, 1961 (resigned)
507:Feb 6, 1930 (resigned)
357:Nov 1, 1885 (resigned)
103:U.S. federal government
47:; 153 years ago
2433:Government occupations
1982:Ohio Statehouse statue
1696:Second Enforcement Act
1659:Native American policy
1388:Commanding generalship
940:Procter Succeeds Lyman
377:Feb 9, 1889 (removed)
65:; 46 years ago
2267:Public administration
2157:Rutherford B. Hayes →
1594:Judiciary Act of 1869
1544:Copyright Act of 1870
1438:Judicial appointments
924:Trying The Charleston
831:National Park Service
221:Executive Order 10450
2286:By country/territory
2117:Ulysses S. Grant III
2099:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
2093:Frederick Dent Grant
2075:Hannah Simpson Grant
1925:Presidential library
1750:Bid for a third term
1549:Currency Act of 1870
1503:Treaty of Washington
1048:Congressional Digest
770:. Huffingtonpost.com
412:Dec 12, 1903 (died)
287:adding missing items
227:1978 reorganization
215:1953 Executive Order
78:Superseding agencies
63:January 1, 1978
2129:Ulysses S. Grant IV
2105:Jesse Root Grant II
2034:Cultural depictions
1997:U.S. Postage stamps
1987:Philadelphia statue
1967:U.S. Capitol statue
1554:Funding Act of 1870
1411:Second inauguration
1369:Richmond–Petersburg
878:Cleveland, Grover.
729:(2012), pp. 543-544
527:c. 1933 (resigned)
152:Rutherford B. Hayes
21:
2046:(2002 documentary)
1992:San Francisco bust
1943:General Grant tree
1564:Timber Culture Act
1406:First inauguration
520:Thomas E. Campbell
460:Martin A. Morrison
370:Alfred P. Edgerton
285:; you can help by
171:Charles J. Guiteau
45:March 3, 1871
19:
2462:
2461:
2233:Government agency
2180:
2179:
2061:
2060:
2054:(2020 miniseries)
2019:Grant High School
1736:
1735:
1518:Korean Expedition
1059:Hoover, Herbert.
686:
685:
682:January 20, 1981
655:Robert E. Hampton
540:Harry B. Mitchell
500:William C. Deming
440:John A. McIlhenny
303:
302:
183:Chester A. Arthur
159:James A. Garfield
116:government agency
108:
107:
2502:
2400:Northern Ireland
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2168:
2150:← Andrew Johnson
2135:Julia Dent Grant
2081:Jesse Root Grant
2043:Ulysses S. Grant
2024:U.S. Grant Hotel
1908:
1907:
1836:speeding arrests
1809:White Haven home
1728:Page Act of 1875
1701:Ku Klux Klan Act
1686:Enforcement Acts
1491:
1490:
1326:
1310:Ulysses S. Grant
1303:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
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1236:
1230:
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849:
843:
842:
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814:
813:
799:
793:
792:
786:
778:
776:
775:
763:
757:
754:
748:
747:
742:. Archived from
736:
730:
724:
718:
711:
675:Alan K. Campbell
671:
636:
616:
600:Harris Ellsworth
596:
576:
556:
536:
516:
496:
480:John H. Bartlett
476:
456:
421:
401:
366:
346:
337:January 1, 1874
330:George W. Curtis
326:
305:
304:
298:
295:
277:
276:
270:
208:chain of command
144:Ulysses S. Grant
73:
71:
66:
55:
53:
48:
29:
22:
18:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:
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2458:
2442:
2416:
2281:
2216:
2211:
2181:
2176:
2140:
2137:(granddaughter)
2057:
2028:
1972:Brooklyn relief
1961:The Peacemakers
1906:
1888:
1847:
1777:
1759:
1742:Post-presidency
1732:
1674:Great Sioux War
1635:
1626:Post Office Act
1585:
1578:
1574:Desert Land Act
1532:Economic policy
1527:
1489:
1392:
1332:Military career
1327:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1270:
1265:
1264:
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764:
760:
755:
751:
738:
737:
733:
725:
721:
712:
708:
703:
691:
679:January 2, 1979
560:Robert Ramspeck
405:John R. Procter
350:Dorman B. Eaton
334:January 1, 1872
299:
293:
290:
274:
268:
258:(FLRA) and the
229:
217:
179:
140:
94:
69:
67:
64:
51:
49:
46:
37:Agency overview
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2412:European Union
2409:
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2395:United Kingdom
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2279:
2277:Public service
2274:
2269:
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2222:
2218:
2217:
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2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Chicago statue
1974:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Grant Memorial
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
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1796:
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1710:
1705:
1704:
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1698:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:"Peace Policy"
1656:
1655:
1654:
1647:Reconstruction
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
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1601:
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444:Jun 12, 1913
443:
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429:Jan 17, 1904
428:
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425:John C. Black
423:
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385:Charles Lyman
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294:February 2011
288:
284:
281:This list is
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177:Pendleton law
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163:spoils system
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120:United States
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97:
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62:
58:
44:
40:
35:
31:Official seal
28:
23:
2450:
2253:Merit system
2164:
2155:
2148:
2111:Nellie Grant
2049:
2041:
1959:
1935:
1902:Bibliography
1843:Grant's Tomb
1831:Horsemanship
1799:Boyhood home
1770:
1713:Comstock Act
1608:
1508:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:the original
1240:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1187:
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1158:Two Quit CSC
1157:
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954:
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874:
865:
859:
847:
835:. Retrieved
830:
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
772:. Retrieved
761:
752:
744:the original
734:
722:
714:
709:
644:Mar 6, 1961
640:John W. Macy
580:Philip Young
504:Mar 1, 1923
374:Nov 9, 1885
354:Mar 9, 1883
291:
254:(EEOC), the
243:
230:
218:
204:
180:
167:assassinated
156:
147:
141:
111:
109:
99:Jurisdiction
2365:New Zealand
2248:Technocracy
2238:Bureaucracy
2087:Julia Grant
1826:Galena home
1804:Schoolhouse
1652:Amnesty Act
1379:Court House
1359:Chattanooga
1325:(1869–1877)
2469:Categories
2421:Categories
2298:Bangladesh
2243:Bureaucrat
2131:(grandson)
2125:(grandson)
2119:(grandson)
2113:(daughter)
1930:Grant Park
1877:convention
1862:convention
1794:Birthplace
1789:Early life
1755:World tour
1718:Poland Act
1584:Government
1398:Presidency
1374:Appomattox
1256:2011-02-09
812:2024-09-25
774:2015-06-25
701:References
283:incomplete
70:1978-01-01
52:1871-03-03
2451:See also:
2390:Sri Lanka
2385:Singapore
2318:Hong Kong
2293:Australia
2007:$ 50 bill
1912:Memorials
1852:Elections
1669:Modoc War
1354:Vicksburg
837:2 January
60:Dissolved
2375:Pakistan
2360:Malaysia
2262:Diplomat
2221:Concepts
2171:Category
2083:(father)
2077:(mother)
2002:Currency
1882:election
1867:election
1421:Grantism
1416:Scandals
1364:Overland
807:adst.org
783:cite web
689:See also
662:c. 1977
246:and the
235:and the
130:and the
2370:Nigeria
2345:Ireland
2330:Germany
1586:reforms
1509:Alabama
1433:Cabinet
1428:Pardons
262:(OSC).
194:of the
138:History
68: (
50: (
2380:Russia
2335:Greece
2325:France
2308:Canada
2303:Brazil
2089:(wife)
2067:Family
1894:Legacy
1511:Claims
1349:Shiloh
727:Brands
317:Until
126:; the
114:was a
42:Formed
2355:Japan
2350:Italy
2340:India
2313:China
2107:(son)
2101:(son)
2095:(son)
2051:Grant
1948:grove
1873:1872
1858:1868
1764:Books
852:Smith
308:Image
1938:ship
1814:farm
1782:Life
1483:1876
1478:1875
1473:1874
1468:1873
1463:1872
1458:1871
1453:1870
1448:1869
1320:18th
839:2023
789:link
314:From
311:Name
110:The
1046:, "
884:in
289:.
169:by
2471::
2255:/
1225:^
1177:.
1166:^
1018:^
1001:^
953:''
931:^
893:^
829:.
805:.
785:}}
781:{{
173:.
2206:e
2199:t
2192:v
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
1259:.
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815:.
791:)
777:.
296:)
292:(
72:)
54:)
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