Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

1086:(Liechtenstein v. Guatemala) . The case about Mr. Nottebohm, who was born 16 September 16, 1881, in Hamburg, Germany and possessed German citizenship although he lived in Guatemala from 1905 until 1943 because he never became a citizen of Guatemala. On October 9, 1939, Nottebohm applied to become a naturalized citizen of Liechtenstein. The application was approved and he became a citizen of that country. He then returned to Guatemala on his Liechtenstein passport and informed the local government of his change of nationality. When he tried to return to Guatemala once again in 1943 he was refused entry as an enemy alien since the Guatemalan authorities did not recognize his naturalization and regarded him as still German. It has been suggested that the timing of the event was due to the recent entry of the United States and Guatemala into the Second World War. He was later extradited to the United States, where he was held at an internment camp until the end of the war. All his possessions in Guatemala were confiscated. After his release, he lived out the rest of his life in Liechtenstein. 459:

travel to cities (like Mexico) where the Royal Universities were. This will has been also interpreted by scholars as the origin of the University of San Carlos. However, the late priest had a clear idea of the difference between a school (i.e., a home for students, with or without classes) and a university (or General Study) where the students earned degrees. About this, historian John Tate Lanning tells that "his will is so well known that there are some scholars that have not even seen it and have already read a lot of things that are not there at all. Nowhere in his will Marroquín talks about any university, much less talk about his intentions to establish one..." On the other hand, what is documented is that major Pedro Crespo Suárez left in his will twenty thousand pesos to set up the classes for the university that is "in the works with the authorities".

1793: 654:, in which Guatemala entrusted the education of its people to the regular clergy of the Catholic Church, committed itself to respect all church property -including haciendas, monasteries and sugar mills, authorized mandatory tithing and let the bishops censor all the country's publications; in return, Guatemala obtained indulgences for Army members, was allowed to keep all those properties that had been taken from the orders in 1829 – provided they were now in private hands, received a tax of the church income and had the right to prosecute any priest or bishop under Guatemalan law, if necessary. The 154: 1480:

the University Student Movement (MEU), was abducted near the university. That same day Hugo Leonel Gramajo was abducted and introduced in a red pick-up with foreign plates. On 23 August, Victor Hugo Rodriguez Jaramillo and Silvia Azurdia Utrera founders of MEU, were kidnapped and taken violently amid two cars that blocked their way. And Mario De León left a press conference that the Student Body held that day at around 19:45 hours and was detained by the National Police and has not been seen again since. Finally, Aaron Ochoa disappeared the next day.

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lawyers linked to the traditional capital of the country- Galvez sought from the beginning of his term to favor his post graduate students placing them in public institutions so that they could show their loyalty with favorable votes in the Bar elections. After several elections, and once Galvez was no longer dean, the network that Soto set up beat the traditional capital lawyers in the Bar Association elections by 300 votes; as recorded in the minutes, the majority of his votes were young lawyers -his former students.

564: 1785: 525: 1051: 1379:- was founded and the High School Student Coordination Group (CEEM) also gained considerable strength. The latter was formed by students from the Central National Institute for Boys, the Central Normal Institute for Young Ladies Belén and Rafael Aqueche which organized mass protests in September 1985 against the rising prices for public transportation. At least ten people died in Guatemala City in the most extensive wave of urban unrest since protests against the government of 1777: 2679: 1502: 2722: 764: 1761: 2697: 2688: 1014:. On 4 April 1954, Rossell y Arellano issued an open letter in which he denounced Communism advances in the country, and begged Guatemalans to rise in arms and fight against the common enemy of God and the Land. His letter has published all over Guatemala, and even though he kept claiming that the Catholic Church was not seeking privileges in its anticommunist quest, Rossel y Arellano was able that after the 1954 coup, new president colonel 1769: 813:" Therefore, the different colleges remain as dependencies of the Secretary of Public Education, which submitted a yearly review of their status, and also recommended the president whom to choose as dean and faculty members. Also, by a decree published on 16 June 1900, Estrada Cabrera militarized all the male student centers, including the university colleges, who received military instruction for the six first months of their careers. 5207: 1488:

November 1989 to rejoin the AEU, but he was already a suspect, and was killed with knife soon after. Meanwhile, Ligorría was appointed head of research of public prosecutions. On September 12, 1997, the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, which became a political party after the peace accords, formally accused Ligorría for his involvement in the murder of the student leader, claiming that he was a member of military intelligence.

43: 911:, on 20 October 1944, the new government granted its complete autonomy to the university; Decree #12 on 11 November 1944 granted autonomy and renamed the institution as "Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala" ("University of San Carlos of Guatemala"). The university's new role was to be director of college education in Guatemala, and to cooperated in study and solution of the critical problems that Guatemala faced at the time. 436: 2670: 401: 1753: 2706: 2736: 1455:

selling diplomas and certificates. However, his application was accepted because his involvement in these felonies could not be proved because no credible evidence was presented. Two of his performances in the Constitutionality Court showed possible political compromise: first, he voted to validate an illegal adoption network and, then he voted in favor of the registration as a presidential candidate of general

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almost every day. The government responded with three thousand Army soldiers, whom supported by light armored forces and the riot squad of the National Police, were deployed in central and peripheral areas of the city. Also, the night of 3 September 1985 the University of San Carlos of Guatemala was occupied by the military who allegedly found an underground shooting range subversive propaganda.

1267:, on 20 October of that year. Just fifteen days after the murder of Castañeda de León, was missing his successor, Antonio Ciani García, and over the next 18 months almost every student leader and university faculty with political connections were threatened (even with the legal parties). Whoever did not paid attention and continued with their protest activities, was simply killed or kidnapped. 817: 1388:

goods; in the end, as part of the process solution a high school student bonus was granted to both elementary and high schools so they could be transported free in public transportation, plus all the public school students were promoted by decree. Students who graduated by decree in 1985 were received with brutal initiations by the different student bodies through the university.

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Carlos: which, enacted in 1985, entrusted the College of Law and the University of San Carlos with the task of naming representatives to the process of election of judges of the highest courts of the land, as well as the Comptroller General of Accounts, and the Chief Public Prosecutor Also, the university was given the power to send a judge to the Constitutionality Court.

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a recent trip to Perú], Argentina and Chile, he liked the model the universities followed in those South American countries. Upon returning to Guatemala, Galvez – who was also a National Assembly representative- brought along a complete library about universities and convinced both the president and the Assembly members to create the "University of Guatemala".

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replace the fallen or exiled faculty, which resulted in a marked decline in the academic quality of the institution. Later, laws that severely restricted the university autonomy were proposed, and violating the constitutional mandate to give 5% of the national budget to the institution became commonplace for the government.

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in 1989 there was a steady escalation of threats, some of them signed by death squads as "the Dolorosa", the "Jaguar of Justice" or "Secret Anticommunist-Army". Despite his expulsion, Ligorría, maintained a very high and combative profile, while his close friend, Marco Tulio Montenegro, was still part of AEU.

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Among those historians that have perpetuated the myth is Juan Rodríguez Cabal, who presented a letter that Marroquín sent to Spain in 1548 requesting the establishment of a university. Rodríguez Cabal's investigations were published for the first time in the 1950s, and as part of the third centennial

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Committee, for his direct involvement in an embezzlement money of the association and usurpation of functions and for signing as acting as general secretary in various activities and international documents. After his departure, a series of death threats against members of the board of the AEU began:

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in August 1978. The unrest began with demonstrations against rising prices public transportation but then became widespread due to the bad economic situation the country was in at the time. Burning of buses, blockades and massive protests that resulted in destruction of public infrastructure occurred

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In 1918, the servility towards the presidents was at its peak and the university was renamed "University of Guatemala, Estrada Cabrera", by decree of the National Assembly on 2 May 1918. Francisco Galvez Portocarrero, close friend of the president, lobbied heavily for the new university given that in

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to found a university. This would be third royal university in the Spanish Empire in America, and the second in New Spain, after the one in Mexico. After the disputatious process of organization, and five years after the royal decree, the university started officially its lectures of five of the nine

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The Constitutionality Court consists of five titular judges, each of whom has a substitute. When dealing with cases of unconstitutionality against the Supreme Court, the Congress, the President or the Vice President, the number of members can be increased to seven, choosing the two other judges from

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The effect of state repression was worse on the student movement: the AEU ended decimated. Despite all this, the association continued to be a belligerent organization during this campaign of terror. To protect themselves, the AEU restructured its organizational form such that their leaders were not

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was killed, in an operation in which his murderers allegedly used a helicopter to direct the operation Colom had been director of Center for Urban and Regional Studies (CEUR) of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala and a political leader of the United Revolutionary Front (FUR). Next to Fuentes

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During the military governments of the seventies, the tension between the government and the university kept growing, until it reached its peak in 1978 during the massive demonstration that occurred to protest rising urban public transportation costs. The Association of University Students (AEU) had

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According to research that was subsequently conducted, it was determined that Ligorría had strong ties with a "gang" of zone 18, whose members went armed at all times; College students suspected that the "maras" had been formed by the army. Ligorría was also affiliated with the Democratic Socialist

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In 1989, several student body leaders returned to Guatemala from exile intending to achieve a resurgence of student coordination, which was practically dismantled since the seventies. But on August 21, Iván Ernesto Gonzalez was arrested and kidnapped; the next day, Carlos Contreras Conde, leader of

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These networks took hold and strengthened through the 1990s, with relationships set up between institutions and societal sectors beyond the university. After leaving the deanship, the University Council nominated Soto to the Constitutionality Court, although there were persistent rumors that he was

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for a period of five years, from a list of twenty-six candidates proposed by a nominating committee consisting of a representative of the Presidents of the Universities of the country, who presides, the Deans of the Colleges of Law, an equal number of representatives elected by the General Assembly

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On 31 January 1980, several students from the University of San Carlos advised a k'iche' peasant group who wanted to let the world know about their precarious situation; when the country's newspapers did not dare to publish their demands, and after all legal avenues to be heard had been exhausted,

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The commission members had strongly opposed the conditions proposed by the Government to grant the concession EXMIBAL; after the attack against Bauer Paiz and Carney, on 13 February 1971 Mijangos López was assassinated by unknown assailants as he left his office long the 4th Avenue in Zone 1 of the

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The Government of Liechtenstein granted Nottebohm protection against unjust treatment by the government of Guatemala and petitioned the International Court of Justice. However, the government of Guatemala argued that Nottebohm did not gain Liechtenstein citizenship for the purposes of international

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After the murders of the student leaders, Ligorría spoke at some rallies in college and participated in the demonstrations that took place. On Saturday September 15 at 14:15 hours he left for Panamá along with Marco Tulio Montenegro and Byron Milian Vicente. Montenegro returned to Guatemala on 11

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was recovered with deanship of Cipriano Soto Tobar, who took office in 1988. Soto Tobar took a significant effort on hiring faculty. However, his main goal was to establish political networks to favor political lobbies exploiting the new role that the Constitution assigned to the University of San

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Several hundred people were arrested and General Mejia Víctores addressed the nation through a television and radio address in which he announced measures to address prevailing social unrest. General Mejia announced public schools closure until further notice and the freezing of prices of consumer

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Note that in 1907, the school of Engineering was part of the National University. This school, due to budget reasons, was alternatively part of the National University and the military academy; finally in 1908, the school was left as part of the university for good, after president Estrada Cabrera

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for attempting to form a student association aimed at criticizing the school principal, founded on 18 June 1899 along with other fellow students "El Derecho" student association. The new association had members from the colleges of Law, Engineering and Medicine and an ideology identified with the

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in early 1898. However, after the assassination of president Reina Barrios on 8 February, the Guatemalan government reopened the educational institutions, claiming that they were the basis for all the Liberal institutions; Mendieta, then, registered to begin that semester in the College of Law of

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The president of the Real Audiencia authorized that classes should start while they were awaiting the authorization to build the new school for the students; at the time they only had one classroom in the Dominican convent where, in theory, they gave the Arts, Theology and Religion classes. After

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was strong and direct: police surrounded the premises of the embassy and after several hours of siege, the situation ended with the burning of the room where all the people who were inside the embassy had taken refuge, including almost the entire Embassy staff and some random visitors, including

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The College of Veterinary was created on 27 September 1957, and initially was part of the College of Medicine and was located in the old Medicine Building in Guatemala City Historical Downtown. In 1958 and 1959 it moved into private homes that the university rented in zones 9 and 4 of Guatemala

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As a result of the political climate changes after the coup of 1954, the society elites decided to create their own private universities, which would have very different ideologies from the ones presented in the University of San Carlos. Basically the new institutions would have capitalist and

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and the deep economic crisis that ensued, Reina Barrios implemented austerity measures that included closing the schools and university colleges. At the end of that year, Salvador Mendieta came back to Guatemala to attend the university, but due to the political stability of the times after the

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Towards the end of his life, in 1562, Marroquin left in his will some funds to set up a school, the Santo Tomás de Aquino, where Grammar, Arts, Philosophy and Theology would be taught. The beneficiaries of this pious enterprise would be the children of poor Spaniards, given that they could not

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Estuardo Galvez, who took that dean office in 2000 and later went on to become university president, was one of the members of the networks established by Soto; realizing the importance of the Bar Association, which was also a participant in the election of judges -and until then controlled by

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In January 1979, a new freshmen generation arrived to the university. Many of them had been members of the CEEM or student associations in the public institutes and had participated in the events of October 1978. It was them who took the leadership of the AEU. But it was much more difficult to

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closed the Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo and in its place founded the Central College of Law and the Central College of Medicine and Pharmacy which formed the National University of Guatemala. The government decreed that the teaching of Medicine had to be practical – as much as

455:, requested the approval of the Spanish crown to set up a grammar class, in which Latin was to be taught, as it was the intellectual language of the time. This single fact has been the basis to perpetuate the myth that links bishop Marroquin to the early stages of the University of San Carlos. 1483:

During an emergency meeting in which the response to the government offensive was being discussed, Willy Ligorría called to say that he knew where Hugo Gramajo and Aaron Ochoa were hidden and that he could bring the still free student leaders to them. In September other members of the student

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Colonization by the Spaniards implied a new formation of society, with its brand new civil and ecclesiastical institutions. As time went by, residents demanded a place in the royal institutions for their descendants, in return for the heroics of their ancestors during the battles of conquest.

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and peasant Gregorio Yuja Xona, who were taken to the Private Hospital Herrera Llerandi. Yuja was kidnapped there and a group tried to kidnap the ambassador, but he was taken from the hospital just in time by the ambassador of Costa Rica in Guatemala; Cajal left the country that night. Yuja,

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On 11 July 1717, thirty years after its papal sanction, the first medicine student graduated; his name was Vicente Ferrer González. The next physician to graduate was Pedro Palacios y Cóbar, who presented his final exam seventeen years later; and forty-seven years after that, the eminent Dr.

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Herrera y Luna, as a token of appreciation of all the efforts of the university students during the last days of Estrada Cabrera regime, gave the different colleges their autonomy to elected their own authorities, although it did not grant them full autonomy. At this time the Student Body

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classes, on 7 January 1681, with little more of sixty registered students and with its first president, Dr. José de Baños y Soto Mayor, who was in charge of the cathedral, Preacher of the King of Spain and Doctor from the University of Osuna. The university started under the protection of

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Mohr, he was the most prominent members of the legal political opposition and their deaths ended, even more, the political space in Guatemala. These murders and threats against leaders of the FUR and the PSD continued in 1979 and 1980, and in subsequent years against the

1316:, after attacks on his colleagues and death threats against him, began to live in presidency, protected by student brigades of the communist FRENTE student party. In an unprecedented case, the president directed the university from underground for almost two years. 1106:

liberal ideologies while the national university chose Marxism. After heavy lobbying, in 1965 the new ISR tax law exonerated potential private universities from any kind of taxation and state contributions, and in 1966 the Law of Private Universities was approved.

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On 11 January 1969 the School of Animal Studies, which was independent of the School of Veterinary medicine. and on 27 September 1974 it moved into the new modular buildings on the southwest section of the main campus, next to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital.

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return to Guatemala after his exile and joined the university as a faculty member. The College of Economics dean, Rafael Piedrasanta Arandi, and the university president, Edmundo Vásquez Martínez, approved a scholarship for Martinez Pelaez to research the

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took office on 1 July 1970, he reopened the case and began working in for EXMIBAL to get a concession. However, many social sectors opposed to it, arguing that it would be too costly for the country. One of the main opponents was the commission that the

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Due to the strong accusations against his presidency, Estrada Cabrera closed "El Derecho" after only a year of its life, and they had Mendieta sent to prison after which he sent the Nicaraguan into exile for promoting rebellion against his government.

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This way, the Catholic Church recover some of the former power it held before 1871, when the Liberal Reform confiscated its properties and cancelled its privileges, in a direct attack against it as the main conservative party member of the time.

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was head of State of Guatemala, he found the Science Academy in the State, which took the position that the Pontifical University had previously occupied; the new university eliminated religious education altogether and implemented classes of

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Each college board of directors is structure with a dean, who runs it, a secretary and five trustees, of whom two are professor representatives, one is a representative of the professional association and two are student representatives.

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Central American union. The new society became public on 15 September 1899 when the Guatemala City mayor invited some of its members to ceremonies for the Independence of Central America celebration that took place in the College of Law.

543:. Among all his works he introduced university graduation cards, where it was written what the final exam was going to be about, date and time for the exam, and the names of the university authorities and student sponsors. 359:, which destroyed many parts of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, the crown authorities ordered the evacuation of the city and the relocation of its government, religious and university functions to the new capital 620:; besides, the institution began to offer studies in engineering. The Academy of Science was open until 1840, because in that year the conservatives regained power in Guatemala under the strong leadership of General 4146: 1408:

of the Association of Lawyers and Notaries of Guatemala and by an equal number of representatives elected by the judges holders the Court of Appeal and other courts that Article 217 of the Constitution refers to.

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The Franciscan friar Juan Antonio Liendo y Goicoechea reformed university education towards the end of the 18th century by introducing science; Chemistry, Physics, Anatomy and Mathematics; and technology studies.

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revolts against Reina Barrios both in the Eastern and Western regions of the country once it was known that Reina Barrios had extended his presidential term, and the closing of the university, decided to move to

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It was not until the second half of the 16th century that the first initiatives to found schools that covered more than religious indoctrination and reading and writing took place. The first bishop of Guatemala,

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The college of Literature curriculum included Psychology and Logic, ethics and Philosophy history, Latin language and literature, Spanish grammar and literature and Latin American, British and German literature.

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and on the basis of the royal decrees issued after that council, authorized the foundation of the "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" School and Seminary, which was the first higher educational institution in the

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Following its constitutional mandate, the university became involved in the political life of the country, presenting concrete social, economic and political proposals. However, with the beginning of the

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Party (PSD) and even wasted money in their university activities, although he always maintained a revolutionary speech, was a member of ORPA and maintained contact with Danilo Rodriguez, chief of the FAR.

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in Mexico, where he was an invited speaker in several seminars and created new curricula for the College of History. Besides, he had important meetings with historians and Guatemalan exiles in Mexico.

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In April 1899, the National Assembly submitted Estrada Cabrera a decree declaring the autonomy of the university colleges to elect their own authorities; the president vetoed the decree indicating that

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After Independence, the University of San Carlos lost its Royal status and became simply the "Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo" but it was in a precarious position: after the move from

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meanwhile, was tortured and his body thrown off the premises of the president mansion at the University of San Carlos. His body was buried in the Heroes and Martyrs Plaza on Central Campus.

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To review the process that led to the foundation of the University of San Carlos, it is recommended to read procedure 373 of the Guatemalan Real Audiencia en the General Archive of Indias.

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The power that the Catholic Church and the Aycinena family – to whom most of Carrera's advisors and secretaries belonged – had during the conservative regime in Guatemala was ratified the

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Breve descripción de la noble ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala y puntual noticia de su lamentable ruina ocasionada de un violento terremoto el día veintinueve July 1773

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The new Liberal regime founded the Polytechnic School -Military Academy- in 1873 to prepare military engineers, topographers and telegraphers, besides military officers. In July 1875,

871:-appointed president by the National Assembly on 8 April- was to appoint new authorities and faculty for the National University, which now had the following academic departments: 662:, who was a cabinet member of the government – besides being the university president; then, it was first ratified by Secretary of the Interior, Justice and Ecclesiastical affairs 2827:

About the first setup of the university, the historical records are not too precise and even contradictory. See in the Central American General Archive, A1. Leg. 1885, Exp. 12245.

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In 1987, the president of the Student Association "El Derecho" (AED), Willy Ligorría, was expelled from the Association of University Students (AEU) for embezzling funds from the

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it had to use a borrowed building to teach, and in 1821 its new one was not finished yet; besides, the political climate of the region was very unstable at the time. In 1825, Dr.

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had visited the k'iche' farmer communities a few months before, and had gathered information for a report on them, which was never published, but the draft of which still exists.

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presidency, the university started suffering repression due to its position alongside the main labor unions, with three students murdered in front of the College of Law in 1962.

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The deans are the directors and representative of their colleges and work on four-year terms. To be reelected a dean needs 3/5 parts of the electors, a new dean needs half +1.

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was elected as president of the university, and kept the religious curriculum that the institution had had for decades. However, in 1829, the conservative regime of his brother

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By 1985, the economic elites had left Guatemala City downtown, along with these once premier schools which now were attended by the low middle and low income areas of the city.

1225:, and Julio Carney Herrera Both Camey Herrera and Bauer Paiz were shot in November 1970: Carney died of his wounds while Bauer Paz, severely wounded, had to go into exile. 528: 420:

The university tradition in Guatemala and Central America goes back to the 17th century, when the University of San Carlos was founded on 31 January 1676 by Royal Decree of

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City; it also used the university's Botanic Garden library in zone 4. By 1960, the College of Veterinary moved into its definite home in the main University campus.

1131:, published in 1970, as well as the program of Economic History of Central America of the College of Economics and the total reform of the School of History in 1978. 682:

was expelled from the country, and all of their properties we confiscated. The education changed from completely religious to agnostic and kept like that until 1954.

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in 1959 and the influx of students from all over the social spectrum in Guatemala, Marxism became radical in the university. Besides, then archbishop of Guatemala

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At that moment, the new association started the student body reaction against the feudalist Centralamerica that prepared its students for political servility.

4074: 17: 4003:Álvarez Aragón, Virgilo (2002). "Conventos, aulas y trincheras. Universidad y movimiento estudiantil en Guatemala: La ilusión por conservar" (in Spanish). 2629: 3552: 1611: 1313: 1293: 1472: 678:

After the Liberal Revolution in 1871, the conservatives defeat resulted in a complete change of direction in the education in Guatemala: once again the

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the group decided to take the premises of the Embassy of Spain and use it as a platform for their demands. The reaction of the government of general

1233:. Mijangos Lopez had been under the fatal impression that the government was not going to assassinate him because he was on a wheelchair since 1958. 531:, a Franciscan friar, reformed education at the university. He was a professor of most of the eventual leaders of the Central American independence. 107: 4747: 79: 2921:'s presidency Piñol and his familia – who had strong ties to the Catholic Church, had an enormous influence on Guatemala's politics and education. 5262: 4777: 4246: 4175: 5167: 2764: 1139: 779:

Nicaraguan citizen Salvador Mendieta, who had already been expelled once from the Central National Institute for Boys by the former president

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and in 1879 founded the National Library. Finally, in 1879 president Barrios founded the Colleges of Engineering, Philosophy and Literature.

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representative, leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and former minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs during the administration of

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University "Estrada Cabrera", was closed after the falling of the former president. However, one of the first decrees of the new president

475:, who already had their Colegio de San Borja and wanted to run the seminary themselves, opposed its foundation, as they did not like other 4179: 4980: 4429: 1737: 1263:

a leading role in the protests, but this brought persecution of their leaders and the murder of the secretary general of the association

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On 8 May 1971, Arana Osorio's administration finally granted the concession to EXMIBAL; it covered 385 square kilometers in the area of

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regime, Martínez Peláez had to go into exile once again with his family and continued with his research and teaching activities in the

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between the United States and the Soviet Union -major super powers that split world dominance after their victory in World War II, the

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who reopened the old "Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo"; Dr. Aycinena was once again named as president of the university.

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established that all the board of directors members, deans and faculty of the National University colleges would be appointed by the

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during the Spanish colony, it was the only university in Guatemala until 1954, although it continues to hold distinction as the only

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In 1598, the third bishop of Guatemala Gómez Fernández de Córdoba y Santillán, O.S.H., following ecclesiastical directions from the

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Likewise, access was granted to both women and to all the society members that had been excluded from the institution in the past.

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possible – and philosophical, with all the modern scientific theories. In 1877, the government found the Western College of Law in

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Chosen in 1813 as University President, but because he was one of the representative before the Cádiz Courts was made prisoner by

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The university grew out of the Colegio de Santo Tomás de Aquino (Saint Thomas Aquinas High School), founded in 1562 by Bishop

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movement, Carlos Chutá Carney, Carlos Humberto Cabrera and Carlos Palencia were kidnapped and found dead shortly afterwards.

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Dr. José de Baños y Soto Mayor, arcediano de la Catedral, Predicador del Rey de España y Doctor de la Universidad de Osuna

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in concession to a Canadian mining company was brought to the table, but it did not materialized. As soon as the general

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and granted scholarship to the best students to continue their education abroad, both from Guatemala and Quetzaltenango.

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Osorio Paz worked his last months from his exile in Costa Rica and México due to the numerous death threats against him.

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of the foundation of the University of San Carlos in 1976, the University of San Carlos press made several more copies.

1551: 1523: 1372: 1366: 1283: 1189: 659: 584: 340:) is the largest and oldest university of Guatemala; it is also the fourth founded in the Americas. Established in the 2853: 4577: 4487: 4387: 4364: 2759: 126: 1206: 983: 100: 5090: 4548: 4186:(in Spanish). Programa de Ciencia y Derechos Humanos, Asociación Americana del Avance de la Ciencia. Archived from 2365: 1289:

That same day, but a few hours later, was shot and killed the student and union leader Ricardo Martinez Solorzano.

1249: 5065: 4916: 4518: 1264: 363:, the university's present location. In the early years, from the 16th to 19th centuries, it offered studies in 4453: 5282: 5009: 3560: 1305: 1218: 1115: 1075: 1063: 64: 4968: 4712:"Los inicios del seminario de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, 1568–1620: un proyecto exitoso y poco tridentino" 4615: 4498: 2898: 2845: 1380: 1340: 1253: 1135: 588: 5137: 780: 709: 724: 5142: 4963: 4886: 4302:"Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala (aplicada en fallos de la Corte de Constitucionalidad)" 4044: 1436:

Simultaneously with the appointment of the holder, the respective alternate will be appointed by Congress.

4812:

Tate Lanning, J. (1977). "La Universidad en el Reino de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Guatemala: Universitaria.

5287: 5121: 4937: 4755: 2385: 536: 4372:— (22 May 1907). "Reporte del Secretario de Estado a cargo del Despacho de Instrucción Pública". 4257:. Programa de Ciencia y Derechos Humanos, Asociación Americana del Avance de la Ciencia. Archived from 2633: 1626: 1446:

After the murder or forced exile of most of its faculty, the stability of the College of Law after the

991: 923: 4610: 4606: 4258: 4160:. México, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas. 1508:, "Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos Borromeo" president in 1813 and then from 1818 to 1825. 1392:

Constitution of 1985: Election of judges and university representatives before government institutions

1177: 5292: 5157: 5002: 1415:

among the alternates. The judges shall hold office for five years and shall be appointed as follows:

1120: 849:

closed the academy following a failed assassination attempt that the cadets had plotted against him.

356: 5039: 4830: 4539: 4416: 4332: 4036: 2541: 1429:

A judge appointed by the Higher University Council of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala; and

5075: 4804: 4215:(in Spanish). Vol. VI. Guatemala: Oficina de Servicios para Proyectos de las Naciones Unidas. 4024: 3941: 3405: 3254: 3113: 2465: 2425: 1292:

On 14 February, Manuel Lisandro Andrade Roca, general secretary of the university in the tenure of

1202: 1071: 1055: 513: 409: 364: 31: 4651: 2500: 890: 573:

He founded the agnostic Science Academy in substitution of the religious University of San Carlos.

176:

Royal and Pontifical University of San Carlos of Guatemala (1676–1829) Science Academy (1834–1840)

4879: 2866: 2117: 1537: 1353: 1018:

included the following back in the new Constitution of Guatemala, for the first time since 1872:

53: 4626:"El arte religioso de la Antigua Guatemala, 1773–1821; crónica de la emigración de sus imágenes" 1792: 5049: 4187: 1456: 919: 811:

the colleges could not be autonomous given that they were dependent on the State in all senses

742: 717: 4625: 1496: 452: 352: 153: 5183: 4817: 4798: 4526: 4381: 4358: 4319: 4012: 3935: 3399: 3248: 3107: 2405: 1404: 1279: 1214: 1210: 1031:

that there were independent private universities not connected with University of San Carlos.

1015: 908: 902: 868: 862: 713: 646:

by which the Government of Guatemala entrusted the country's education to the Catholic Church

413: 3621: 3232: 2637: 1591:, last president of the National University and first president of University of San Carlos. 548: 5162: 3609: 2788: 2754: 2615: 2445: 1447: 1333: 1300: 1275: 1257: 1222: 1003: 999: 686: 468: 341: 2561: 2504: 1270:

In early 1979, the following attacks occurred against renowned members of the university:

599:

were expelled from Central America and the university was suspended. In 1834, when doctor

592: 8: 5147: 4664: 3388: 2749: 1197: 1171: 1152: 972: 232: 4108:"Severo Martínez Peláez, In Memoriam: La Patria del Criollo, un cuarto de siglo después" 3679: 2611: 2305: 5211: 5152: 4771: 4566: 4174: 3718: 2484: 1544: 1296:

as university president -and a student leader during the "Marches of 1962"- was killed.

500: 425: 421: 416:. The University of San Carlos was established under his protection on 31 January 1676. 3967: 4586: 4573: 4483: 4216: 4161: 4092: 2520: 2345: 2265: 1733: 1376: 1193: 663: 651: 643: 633: 580: 540: 504: 440: 345: 239: 204: 4089:

Historia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, época republicana: (1821–1994

600: 568: 395: 5025: 4723: 4397:

El Guatemalteco, Diario Oficial de la República de Guatemala, en la América Central

4374:

El Guatemalteco, Diario Oficial de la República de Guatemala, en la América Central

4351:

El Guatemalteco, Diario Oficial de la República de Guatemala, en la América Central

2796: 2741: 2727: 987: 509: 463: 429: 405: 4289: 2787:

In 1954 a coup led by the National Liberation Movement which was sponsored by the

1205:

created to discuss the matter; among the members of the commission was the lawyer

4591:

The Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment in the University of San Carlos de Guatemala

4477: 4473: 4155: 995: 563: 488: 4521:(1930). "El libro de las efemérides" (in Spanish). Guatemala: Sáchez y de Guise. 4404:

El Imparcial (25 November 1944). "Féminas tendrán acceso a educación superior".

4118: 4902: 4555:(in Spanish) (237). Nicaragua: Universidad Centroamericana, UCA. Archived from 2918: 2593: 2577: 2261: 2241: 1678: 1631: 1230: 1083: 1059: 1045: 702: 691: 679: 667: 621: 596: 492: 476: 360: 302: 261: 4105: 3627: 3615: 3514: 1022:

that the Catholic Church had the right to own real estate and other properties

5256: 5238: 5225: 3733: 2656:

List of notable students and faculty of University of San Carlos of Guatemala

2650:

List of notable students and faculty of University of San Carlos of Guatemala

2461: 1784: 524: 281: 5044: 4247:"Ejecuciones extrajudiciales de Manuel Colom Argueta y Alberto Fuentes Mohr" 2186: 1058:, College of Law Dean and legal advisor of the Guatemalan delegates for the 1050: 791:

gather all the Central American students around the idea of the region unity

2524: 2325: 613: 480: 4479:

Shattered hope: the Guatemalan revolution and the United States, 1944–1954

4244: 4205: 2069: 5111: 3174: 2381: 1950: 1360: 1094: 484: 447:

However, there were no schools to teach youth to become public servants.

4728: 4711: 4601:(in Spanish). Guatemala: José de Pineda Ibarra, Ministerio de Educación. 4556: 2678: 2085: 1776: 1501: 673: 5193: 4921: 4703:

Historia De La Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

3460: 2101: 1127:, Spain between 1967 and 1969. From this research comes his main work, 943: 939: 931: 763: 720:; thus the colleges lost the autonomy to select their own authorities. 575:

He is buried in the museum of the university – formerly College of Law.

376: 368: 67: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1925: 896: 4984: 4180:"Agudización de la Violencia y Militarización del Estado (1979–1985)" 4058:"The Octopus and the Generals: the United Fruit Company in Guatemala" 3652:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFacultad_de_Veterinaria_y_Zootenica (

2696: 2687: 2441: 1966: 1760: 1079: 1074:, worked as a legal advisor for the Guatemalan delegation before the 1011: 994:

found out that it was urgent to recover some of the former influence

797:

promote the formation of similar societies all across Central America

655: 4705:(in Spanish). Guatemala, C.A.: Tipografía Nacional. pp. 49–197. 4499:"Tribunales de fuero especial: La justicia que fue de los generales" 4417:"10 muertos en Guatemala en la protesta contra la subida de precios" 4307:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Corte de Constitucionalidad. Archived from 4082:(in Spanish). Mixco, Guatemala: Oficina de Antonio Sánchez Cubillas. 3589:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFInternational_Court_of_Justice1955 (

2557: 1768: 1039: 729: 42: 5206: 4994: 4786: 4665:"La Hija del Adelantado; Memorias de un Abogado (novela histórica)" 4437:

Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de San Carlos

4340:

El Guatemalteco (1929). "Decreto del organismo ejecutivo No. 953".

1237: 979: 947: 609: 380: 372: 4139:"Distinguido docente de la USAC asesinado en 1981 será reconocido" 3831: 3819: 2669: 2321: 1729:

Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

435: 4871: 3916:"Proyecto Interdiocesano de Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica" 3285: 3283: 2799:

American operatives who had links with the US company triumphed .

2481: 2361: 2053: 1860: 1497:"Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos Borromeo" presidents 1243: 1124: 1093:

The Nottebohm case was subsequently cited in many definitions of

1090:

law. The court agreed and thus stopped the case from continuing.

1007: 935: 800:

organize the fight between those who think and those who oppress.

617: 605: 472: 400: 396:

First era: Royal and Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo

3195: 3172: 3144: 3142: 2705: 1752: 907:

After the revolution against general Ubico's successor, general

4855: 4427: 4279:"Nottebohm case (second phase). Judgement of April sixth, 1955" 3648: 3436: 3424: 2735: 2341: 2157: 1901: 1583: 1006:

to get rid of the Revolutionary governments whom he accused of

794:

tighten social relationships and encourage intellectual sharing

771: 670:, who in 1854 was appointed as Guatemala's president for life. 595:, and the conservatives – mainly the Aycinena family – and the 439:

Section of the memorial to the first University in the city of

4867:

Official webpage of the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

4276: 3855: 3843: 3781: 3584: 3280: 3154: 3088:"Museo Nacional de Historia: donde Guatemala cuenta su pasado" 3040: 1877: 1530: 638: 4395:— (15 May 1918). "Decretos del Organismo Legislativo". 4349:— (22 March 1907). "Decretos del Organismo Ejecutivo". 3412: 3295: 3139: 2913:

Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala

1660:

University of San Carlos colleges are structured as follows:

4342:

El Guatemalteco, Diario Oficial de la República de Guatemala

3993: 3719:

Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico: Agudización 1999

3703: 3448: 3069: 3067: 3008:

Universidad de Guatemala: su origen, fundación, organización

2202: 2134: 998:

used to have, and that it lost during the liberal regime of

571:

during his gubernatorial term as Head of State of Guatemala.

3879: 3052: 2007: 816: 30:

For the similarly named university in the Philippines, see

3867: 3198:"Biblioteca Nacional de Guatemala "Luis Cardoza y Aragón"" 1844: 1545:"Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos Borromeo" Presidents 4866: 3064: 2792: 1983: 1411:

Article 269. Integration of the Constitutionality Court.

1327: 495:

took an initiative in religious and educational matters.

313: 4611:"Historia del desenvolvimiento intelectual de Guatemala" 4568:

The CIA in Guatemala: The Foreign Policy of Intervention

3809:"¿Qué hizo Derecho para que la USAC perdiera prestigio?" 3314: 3312: 3310: 3120: 3014: 1025:

that religious education was declared of public interest

918:

College of Human Studies: created by then president Dr.

856: 4454:"1920, una década de cambios educativos para Guatemala" 4176:

Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico: Agudización

4106:

Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales (USAC) (1998).

3994:

Aguilera Peralta, Gabriel; Romero Imery, Jorge (1981).

3336: 3324: 701:(1885–1892) founded the Western College of Medicine in 519: 4671:(in Spanish) (3 ed.). Guatemala: E.Goubaud y Cía. 4430:"Manual de organización de la Facultad de Veterinaria" 3484: 3472: 1578: 1361:

1985 civil unrest: military invasion of Central Campus

787:

This society had several humanistic and social goals:

3348: 3307: 2654:

A list of notable faculty and alumni can be found in

674:

Fourth era: The university during the Liberal regimes

503:

on 31 January 1676, granted a license to the city of

4678:"Política económica del gobierno de Peralta Azurdia" 3752: 3261: 2717: 2630:

Universidad de San Carlos (Guatemalan football club)

1828: 1403:

The judges of the Supreme Court shall be elected by

5158:

Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda

3628:

Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales (USAC) 1998

3616:

Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales (USAC) 1998

3550: 1320:so vulnerable, and declined to reveal their names. 897:

Fifth era: the university after the 1944 Revolution

708:On 21 March 1893, during the government of general 627: 4565: 3890:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCastillo_Zamora2013 ( 3597: 1617:Roberto Molina Mejía (14 July 1980 – 31 July 1980) 1466: 5268:Educational institutions established in the 1670s 4793:. Costa Rica: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. 4736: 4572:(in Spanish). Austin: University of Texas Press. 4517: 3466: 3173:Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes (4 March 2014). 3085: 3035: 1558: 1109: 1040:Nottebohm case and the Dean of the College of Law 922:on 17 September 1945. Among its founder were Dr. 499:several decades, discussions and petitions, king 5254: 4662: 4650: 4619:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Síguere, Guirola y Cía. 4371: 4348: 4043: 3714: 3712: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3289: 3160: 1441:Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala, 1985. 1070:Between 1951 and 1955, College of Law dean, Dr. 1002:in 1872, and therefore decided to work with the 4837: 4605: 4394: 4339: 4299: 4153: 4143:Centro de Reportes Informativos sobre Guatemala 3885: 3861: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3787: 3454: 3301: 3148: 3005: 1134:In 1979, due to death threats from the general 835:College of Medicine and Pharmacy (150 students) 5168:St. Charles Seminary (Staten Island, New York) 4787:"Salvador Mendieta y la unión centroamericana" 4623: 4546: 4154:Chapa Bezanilla, María de los Angeles (2004). 4002: 3953: 3951: 3873: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 2765:List of colonial universities in Latin America 1244:Laugerud and Lucas García military governments 1217:-who had been part of the staff of presidents 1192:the possibility of giving the nickel mines in 1114:In 1957 the highly regarded Marxist historian 558: 27:Public university in Guatemala City, Guatemala 5010: 4887: 4739:Síntesis Histórica: Universidad de San Carlos 4658:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Escolar Piedrasanta. 4451: 4051:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional. 3913: 3709: 3546: 3544: 3376:ODHA (n.d.). Monseñor Mario Ríos Mont (ed.). 3222: 3031: 3029: 2196:School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences 1432:A judge appointed by the Assembly of the Bar. 1426:One by the President in Council of Ministers; 736: 4842:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Artermis y Edinter. 4811: 4709: 4403: 4157:Rafael Heliodoro Valle, humanista de América 4086: 4055: 3957: 3728: 3726: 3535: 3058: 3046: 3020: 2985: 1028:that the State supported religious education 930:- as honorary faculty. The college studied: 4840:Enrique Gómez Carrillo, el cronista errante 4776:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4596: 3948: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3699: 3697: 3495:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSilva_H.s.f. ( 3385:Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado 3360: 3131:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAycinena1854 ( 3073: 5017: 5003: 4894: 4880: 4056:Bucheli, Marcelo; Jones, Geoffrey (2005). 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3541: 3026: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 1918:College of Pharmacy and Chemical Sciences 1398:Article 215. Election of the Supreme Court 5273:1676 establishments in the Spanish Empire 5086:San Carlo Borromeo-class ship of the line 4737:Sagastume Gemmell, Marco Antonio (2007). 4727: 4496: 4472: 3723: 3665: 3663: 3529: 3272:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTorres2007 ( 3196:Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes (2009). 2000:College of Veterinary and Animal Studies 1375:, the Mutual Support Group (GAM) -led by 1352:. The only two survivors were Ambassador 1299:On 22 March, former Guatemala City mayor 1165: 1140:Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 966: 775:College of Medicine and Pharmacy in 1897. 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 4784: 4745: 4700: 4624:Melchor Toledo, Johann Estuardo (2011). 4593:. Ithaca: University Press Cornell 1958. 4563: 4091:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Universitaria. 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3764: 3758: 3704:Aguilera Peralta & Romero Imery 1981 3694: 3490: 3478: 3378:"Era por la vida tras por lo que íbamos" 3354: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3126: 2973: 2910: 1791: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1759: 1751: 1605:Dr. Edmundo Vásquez Martínez (1966–1970) 1582: 1500: 1491: 1312:At the university, university president 1213:, the respected Guatemalan intellectual 1049: 815: 770: 762: 637: 562: 523: 434: 399: 76:"Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala" 4754:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from 4741:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Universitaria. 4637:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 4414: 4277:Corte internacional de La Haya (1955). 4136: 4117:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from 3898: 3775: 3553:"Biografia de Mariano Rossell Arellano" 3503: 3387:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from 3200:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from 3010:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Universitaria. 3001: 2999: 2997: 2956: 2770: 2604:Guatemala South Technological Institute 1100: 928:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 875:College of Natural Science and Pharmacy 505:Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala 426:Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala 14: 5263:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 5255: 5081:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 5071:Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo 4954:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 4861:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 4675: 4549:"Arduous Efforts for Institutionality" 4072: 3958:Molina Mejía, Roberto (14 July 2007). 3669: 3660: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3603: 3580: 3578: 3267: 1780:Communication Sciences School Building 1691:The university has 40 academic units: 1328:Burning the Spain Embassy in Guatemala 1146: 756:About "El Derecho" student association 330:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 146:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 5189:Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles 4998: 4959:Universidad Panamericana de Guatemala 4875: 4428:Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia. 3920:Fundación Acción Pro-Derechos Humanos 3806: 3793: 1663: 1348:and former Foreign Affairs Minister, 914:New colleges were created that time: 889:Association was founded and included 857:Carlos Herrera presidency (1920–1921) 338:University of San Carlos of Guatemala 140:University of San Carlos of Guatemala 18:University of San Carlos de Guatemala 5278:1676 establishments in North America 5117:St. Charles's Church (Staten Island) 5024: 4682:Prensa Libre, Periódico Guatemalteco 3375: 2994: 2210: 1712: 1596:Dr. Carlos Federico Mora (1944–1945) 1344:former vice president of Guatemala, 591:was defeated by the liberal general 520:First graduates and science teaching 65:adding citations to reliable sources 36: 4633:Tesis Doctoral en Historia del Arte 3960:"Recordando el 14 de julio de 1980" 3672:"Victimization – the EXMIBAL Story" 3649:Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootenica 3633: 3585:International Court of Justice 1955 3575: 2415:University Center of the Northwest 2375:University Center of the Southwest 2335:University Center of the Southeast 1579:University of San Carlos presidents 1517:Antonio de Larrazábal y Arrivillaga 1506:Antonio de Larrazábal y Arrivillaga 1183: 844:School of Engineering (15 students) 820:Facsimile of a decree published in 666:and finally, approved by president 24: 4987:) and serves area French families. 4901: 4654:(1984). "Memorias de un Abogado". 4599:Semblanza de José de Pineda Ibarra 3996:Dialéctica del terror en Guatemala 3986: 2850:Universidad del Valle de Guatemala 1639:Dr. Carlos Estuardo Gálvez Barrios 723:In 1897, after the failure of the 25: 5304: 4848: 4838:Torres Espinoza, Enrique (2007). 4669:Obras completas de don José Milla 2988:Universitarios en la Nueva España 2760:List of universities in Guatemala 2643: 2187:escuelasuperiordearte.usac.edu.gt 1686: 1531:"Academia de Ciencias" presidents 1371:During the government of general 832:College of Law (seventy students) 361:La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción 5205: 5091:Saint Charles Preparatory School 4854: 2990:(in Spanish). México: CESU-UNAM. 2901:and was not released until 1818. 2734: 2720: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2668: 1717: 841:School of midwives (10 students) 838:Dentistry institute (5 students) 699:Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián 628:Third era: Pontifical University 152: 41: 5066:San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress 4917:La Aurora International Airport 4748:"Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores" 4251:Guatemala: Memoria del Silencio 4184:Guatemala: Memoria del Silencio 3216: 3189: 3166: 3079: 2926: 2904: 2891: 2881: 2872: 2859: 2854:Universidad Francisco Marroquín 2839: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2435:University Center of the South 2315:University Center of the North 1467:Student leaders murders in 1989 52:needs additional citations for 4710:Pérez Puente, Leticia (2012). 4482:. Princeton University Press. 4452:Fuentes Oliva, Regina (2012). 4300:Dighero Herrera, Saúl (2002). 4087:Cazali Ávila, Augusto (1997). 3998:(in Spanish). San José: EDUCA. 3006:Rodríguez Cabal, Juan (1976). 2986:Pavón Romero, Armando (2003). 2979: 2945: 2802: 2781: 2455:Chimaltenango Regional Campus 2275:University Center of the East 2235:University Center of the West 2095:Communication Sciences School 1645:Ing. Murphy Olimpo Paz Recinos 1559:National University presidents 1306:Guatemalan Christian Democracy 1110:Research on Guatemalan history 1076:International Court of Justice 1064:International Court of Justice 13: 1: 5138:St. Charles Borromeo Seminary 4564:Immerman, Richard H. (1983). 4547:Hernández Pico, Juan (2001). 4423:(in Spanish). Madrid, España. 4386:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4363:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2938: 2571:Metropolitan Regional Campus 2514:Baja Verapaz Regional Campus 2151:School of Physical Education 1854:College of Economic Sciences 1756:Architecture College Building 1708: 1552:Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol 1524:Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol 1373:Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores 1367:Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores 1284:Julio César Méndez Montenegro 1250:Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García 1209:, then representative in the 1190:Julio César Méndez Montenegro 660:Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol 585:Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol 412:. Oil on canvas, 41 × 48 cm. 5143:St Charles Borromeo Seminary 4964:American School of Guatemala 4785:Silva H., Margarita (n.d.). 4684:(in Spanish). Archived from 4635:(in Spanish). México, D.F.: 4062:Harvard Business School Case 3966:(in Spanish). Archived from 3678:(in Spanish). Archived from 3559:(in Spanish). Archived from 3551:Esquipulas en línea (n.d.). 3231:(in Spanish). Archived from 2911:Woodward, Ralph Lee (2002). 2534:Totonicapán Regional Campus 2226: 2223: 2201: 2198: 2185: 2182: 2172: 2169: 2156: 2153: 2132: 2129: 2116: 2113: 2100: 2097: 2084: 2081: 2068: 2065: 2052: 2049: 2038: 2035: 2005: 2002: 1981: 1978: 1965: 1962: 1949: 1946: 1923: 1920: 1899: 1896: 1875: 1872: 1859: 1856: 1843: 1840: 1827: 1824: 1811: 1808: 1772:Engineering College Building 828:By 1907, the colleges were: 216:; 348 years ago 7: 5122:San Carlo Borromeo, Ferrara 5107:St. Charles Borromeo Church 4969:Colegio Alemán de Guatemala 4938:National Palace (Guatemala) 4616:La Ilustración Guatemalteca 4519:Hernández de León, Federico 4497:Hernández, Oswaldo (2013). 4145:. Guatemala. Archived from 4064:(9–805–146). Archived from 3511:"Vida de Juan José Arévalo" 2899:José de Bustamante y Guerra 2846:Universidad Rafael Landívar 2713: 2640:located on campus grounds. 2628:The school's football club 2395:San Marcos Regional Campus 2355:Santa Rosa Regional Campus 2127:High School Teacher School 2118:cienciapolitica.usac.edu.gt 2070:escuelahistoria.usac.edu.gt 1976:College of Dental Medicine 1726:It has been suggested that 1655: 1620:Dr. Eduardo Meyer Maldonado 1381:Fernando Romeo Lucas García 1341:Fernando Romeo Lucas García 1254:Fernando Romeo Lucas García 1207:Oscar Adolfo Mijangos López 1136:Fernando Romeo Lucas García 984:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 926:-professor emeritus of the 589:Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol 559:Second era: Science Academy 529:Antonio Liendo y Goicoechea 424:in the colonial capital of 196:Go forth and teach everyone 10: 5309: 4981:Lycée Français Jules Verne 4701:Paganini, Ricardo (1947). 4597:Luján Muñoz, Luis (1980). 3676:MAC: Mines and communities 3229:Museo Militar de Guatemala 3225:"Manuel Lisandro Barillas" 3086:Viaje a Guatemala (n.d.). 2661: 2647: 2111:Political Sciences School 2022: 1676: 1642:Dr. Carlos Alvarado Cerezo 1364: 1331: 1265:Oliverio Castañeda de León 1247: 1169: 1150: 1043: 992:Mariano Rossell y Arellano 970: 900: 860: 740: 737:Estrada Cabrera presidency 725:Exposición Centroamericana 631: 581:Santiago de los Caballeros 541:Santiago de los Caballeros 390: 29: 5202: 5176: 5130: 5099: 5058: 5032: 4978: 4946: 4930: 4909: 4656:Colección Textos Modernos 2623: 2167:Language Sciences School 2086:trabajosocial.usac.edu.gt 1764:Pharmacy College Building 1743:Proposed since July 2024. 1599:Dr. Carlos Martínez Durán 1420:One by the Supreme Court; 1219:Juan José Arévalo Bermejo 1188:During the government of 1121:Archivo General de Indias 1116:es:Severo Martínez Peláez 733:the National University. 357:major earthquakes in 1773 308: 296: 280: 272: 256: 248: 238: 228: 210: 200: 190: 180: 170: 160: 151: 144: 5076:University of San Carlos 4746:Siglo 21 (9 July 2010). 4667:. In Goubaud, E. (ed.). 4607:Macías del Real, Antonio 4410:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 4399:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 4376:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 4353:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 4344:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 4045:Arévalo Martínez, Rafael 3815:(in Spanish). Guatemala. 2775: 2475:Jutiapa Regional Campus 2102:comunicacion.usac.edu.gt 1838:College of Architecture 1651:Walter Mazariegos Biolis 1648:Pablo Ernesto Oliva Soto 1346:Eduardo Cáceres Lehnhoff 1203:University of San Carlos 781:José María Reyna Barrios 710:José María Reina Barrios 537:es:José de Pineda Ibarra 514:Universidad de Salamanca 410:Giovanni Ambrogio Figino 244:Walter Mazariegos Biolis 184: 145: 32:University of San Carlos 4505:(in Spanish). Guatemala 4439:(in Spanish). Guatemala 4288:: 4, fr. Archived from 4073:Cadena, Felipe (1774). 3807:Véliz, Rodrigo (2014). 3177:(in Spanish). Guatemala 2952:la oferta universitaria 2634:Liga Nacional de Fútbol 2551:Sololá Regional Campus 2494:Quiche Regional Campus 2255:Izabal Regional Campus 2180:Superior School of Art 1960:College of Engineering 1951:humanidades.usac.edu.gt 1861:economicas.usac.edu.gt/ 1672: 1538:Pedro Molina Mazariegos 1278:, Doctor of Economics, 1178:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes 956:College of Architecture 767:College of Law in 1897. 348:in the entire country. 5212:Catholicism portal 5050:St. Charles, Minnesota 5040:Saint-Charles-Borromée 4825:Cite journal requires 4652:Milla y Vidaurre, José 4534:Cite journal requires 4327:Cite journal requires 4031:Cite journal requires 3914:Informe REMHI (n.d.). 3670:Rakosy, Betsy (2002). 3467:Hernández de León 1930 3223:Museo Militar (n.d.). 3036:Hernández de León 1930 2295:Petén Regional Campus 2079:School of Social Work 2054:psicologia.usac.edu.gt 1967:ingeniería.usac.edu.gt 1944:College of Humanities 1821:College of Agriculture 1797: 1789: 1781: 1773: 1765: 1757: 1592: 1509: 1438: 1166:Repression and decline 1067: 967:After 1954 coup d'état 953:College of Agriculture 884:College of engineering 825: 776: 768: 751: 743:Manuel Estrada Cabrera 718:President of Guatemala 647: 576: 532: 443: 417: 5283:Guatemalan Revolution 5184:Path of Saint Charles 4676:Molina, José (2011). 4553:Revista Envío Digital 4115:Boletín del CEUR-USAC 3469:, p. 15 de mayo. 3443:Arévalo Martínez 1945 3431:El Guatemalteco 1907b 3419:El Guatemalteco 1907a 3290:Arévalo Martínez 1945 3175:"Biblioteca Nacional" 3161:Arévalo Martínez 1945 2587:Ocean Studies Center 2501:Santa Cruz del Quiché 2047:School of Psychology 1795: 1787: 1779: 1771: 1763: 1755: 1704:1 Technical Institute 1627:Alfonso Fuentes Soria 1602:Dr. Mario Dary Rivera 1586: 1504: 1492:University presidents 1396: 1350:Adolfo Molina Orantes 1274:On 25 January 1979, 1129:La patria del criollo 1072:Adolfo Molina Orantes 1056:Adolfo Molina Orantes 1053: 1016:Carlos Castillo Armas 924:Eduardo García Máynez 909:Federico Ponce Vaides 903:Guatemalan Revolution 891:Miguel Ángel Asturias 869:Carlos Herrera y Luna 863:Carlos Herrera y Luna 819: 774: 766: 747: 712:, decree #193 of the 641: 566: 527: 491:or the leader of the 438: 414:Biblioteca Ambrosiana 403: 298:Sporting affiliations 192:Motto in English 5163:St. Charles Seminary 4863:at Wikimedia Commons 4803:: CS1 maint: year ( 4209:Memoria del Silencio 4007:. Guatemala: FLACSO. 3940:: CS1 maint: year ( 3886:Castillo Zamora 2013 3862:Dighero Herrera 2002 3850:Dighero Herrera 2002 3838:Dighero Herrera 2002 3826:Dighero Herrera 2002 3788:Dighero Herrera 2002 3525:– via YouTube. 3455:El Guatemalteco 1918 3404:: CS1 maint: year ( 3302:Torres Espinoza 2007 3253:: CS1 maint: year ( 3149:Chapa Bezanilla 2004 3112:: CS1 maint: year ( 2789:United Fruit Company 2771:Notes and references 2755:History of Guatemala 2158:ectafide.usac.edu.gt 1894:College of Medicine 1736:into this section. ( 1589:Carlos Federico Mora 1572:Carlos Federico Mora 1448:Guatemalan Civil War 1334:Guatemalan Civil War 1301:Manuel Colom Argueta 1276:Alberto Fuentes Mohr 1258:Guatemalan Civil War 1223:Jacobo Arbenz Guzman 1101:Private universities 1004:United Fruit Company 1000:Justo Rufino Barrios 959:College of Economics 687:Justo Rufino Barrios 535:In 1660 the printer 469:Kingdom of Guatemala 385:indigenous languages 355:. After a series of 342:Kingdom of Guatemala 185:Id y enseñad a todos 61:improve this article 5239:14.5829°N 90.5529°W 5235: / 5148:San Carlos Seminary 4729:10.3989/hs.2012.006 3874:Hernández Pico 2001 3840:, pp. 180–181. 3828:, pp. 169–170. 3563:on 20 December 2013 3557:Esquipulas en línea 3491:Silva H. & s.f. 3235:on 11 December 2014 3049:, pp. 188–194. 2856:in 1971, and so on. 2791:and coordinated by 2750:Guatemala Civil War 1701:19 regional centers 1614:(-14 de julio 1980) 1198:Carlos Arana Osorio 1172:Guatemala Civil War 1153:Veterinary medicine 1147:Veterinary medicine 973:Operation PBSUCCESS 881:College of Medicine 510:San Carlos Borromeo 453:Francisco Marroquín 353:Francisco Marroquín 233:Charles II of Spain 141: 5288:Forestry education 5153:Colegio San Carlos 4758:on 20 October 2013 4587:Lanning, John Tate 4559:on 7 October 2006. 3706:, pp. 135–138 2867:Máximo Cajal López 2638:Estadio Revolución 2063:School of History 1798: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1766: 1758: 1664:Board of directors 1593: 1510: 1354:Máximo Cajal López 1215:Alfonso Bauer Paiz 1068: 826: 777: 769: 697:President general 648: 642:Article #2 of the 577: 549:José Felipe Flores 533: 444: 432:on June 18, 1687. 418: 139: 5244:14.5829; -90.5529 5218: 5217: 4992: 4991: 4859:Media related to 4688:on 12 August 2014 4460:(in Spanish) (54) 4222:978-99922-54-06-6 4167:978-970-32-1915-5 4098:978-99922-59-46-7 3682:on 6 October 2014 3536:El Imparcial 1944 3092:Viaje a Guatemala 3059:Pérez Puente 2012 3047:Pérez Puente 2012 3021:Tate Lanning 1977 2976:, pp. 49–197 2621: 2620: 2521:San Miguel Chicaj 2211:Regional Campuses 2208: 2207: 2203:ecfm.usac.edu.gt/ 2020: 2019: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1519:(1813, 1820–1825) 1473:Huelga de Dolores 1457:Efraín Ríos Montt 1377:Nineth Montenegro 920:Juan José Arévalo 754:Salvador Mendieta 714:National Assembly 664:Pedro de Aycinena 652:Concordat of 1854 644:Concordat of 1854 634:Concordat of 1854 593:Francisco Morazán 441:Antigua Guatemala 346:public university 326: 325: 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 5300: 5293:Charles Borromeo 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5210: 5209: 5026:Charles Borromeo 5019: 5012: 5005: 4996: 4995: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4858: 4843: 4834: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4742: 4733: 4731: 4722:(129): 187–210. 4706: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4672: 4663:— (1898). 4659: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4630: 4620: 4602: 4583: 4571: 4560: 4543: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4522: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4493: 4474:Gleijeses, Piero 4469: 4467: 4465: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4434: 4424: 4415:El País (1985). 4411: 4400: 4391: 4385: 4377: 4368: 4362: 4354: 4345: 4336: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314:on 26 June 2014. 4313: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4263: 4262:(online edition) 4245:— (1999). 4241: 4239: 4237: 4231: 4225:. Archived from 4214: 4206:— (1999). 4202: 4200: 4198: 4192: 4191:(online edition) 4171: 4150: 4137:Cerigua (2011). 4133: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4112: 4102: 4083: 4081: 4069: 4052: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4023:has extra text ( 4022: 4018: 4016: 4008: 3999: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3911: 3896: 3895: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3804: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3730: 3721: 3716: 3707: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3646: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3548: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3513:. Archived from 3507: 3501: 3500: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3403: 3395: 3394:on 29 July 2014. 3393: 3382: 3373: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3252: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3137: 3136: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3111: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3083: 3077: 3074:Luján Muñoz 1980 3071: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3033: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3003: 2992: 2991: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2954: 2949: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2908: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2797:State Department 2785: 2744: 2742:Education portal 2739: 2738: 2730: 2728:Guatemala portal 2725: 2724: 2723: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2221:Regional Center 2215: 2214: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2027: 2026: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1800: 1799: 1741: 1721: 1720: 1713: 1442: 1423:One by Congress; 1184:The EXMIBAL Case 988:Cuban Revolution 759: 658:was designed by 464:Council of Trent 430:Pope Innocent XI 322: 319: 317: 315: 291: 288: 224: 222: 217: 156: 142: 138: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5253: 5252: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5214: 5204: 5198: 5172: 5126: 5095: 5054: 5028: 5023: 4993: 4988: 4974: 4971:(German School) 4942: 4926: 4905: 4900: 4851: 4846: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4796: 4795: 4769: 4768: 4761: 4759: 4691: 4689: 4641: 4639: 4628: 4580: 4535: 4533: 4524: 4523: 4508: 4506: 4490: 4463: 4461: 4442: 4440: 4432: 4379: 4378: 4356: 4355: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4304: 4292: 4281: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4235: 4233: 4232:on 14 July 2014 4229: 4223: 4212: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4168: 4127: 4125: 4124:on 17 June 2012 4121: 4110: 4099: 4079: 4049:¡Ecce Pericles! 4032: 4030: 4020: 4019: 4010: 4009: 3989: 3987:Further reading 3984: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3956: 3949: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3912: 3899: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3805: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3668: 3661: 3651: 3647: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3380: 3374: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3281: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3246: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3140: 3130: 3129:, p. 1-16. 3125: 3121: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3019: 3015: 3004: 2995: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2957: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2864: 2860: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2646: 2626: 2213: 2133: 2025: 2006: 1982: 1979:Dental College 1924: 1900: 1876: 1870:College of Law 1845:farusac.edu.gt/ 1746: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1689: 1681: 1675: 1666: 1658: 1623:Roderico Segura 1612:Saúl Osorio Paz 1581: 1561: 1547: 1533: 1499: 1494: 1469: 1444: 1440: 1416: 1399: 1394: 1369: 1363: 1336: 1330: 1314:Saúl Osorio Paz 1294:Saúl Osorio Paz 1286:, was murdered. 1260: 1248:Main articles: 1246: 1186: 1176:During general 1174: 1168: 1155: 1149: 1112: 1103: 1048: 1042: 996:Catholic Church 975: 969: 905: 899: 865: 859: 822:El Guatemalteco 761: 757: 755: 753: 745: 739: 676: 636: 630: 574: 572: 561: 522: 398: 393: 312: 299: 289: 286: 268: 264: 252:230,000 in 2021 220: 218: 215: 193: 186: 173: 163: 147: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5306: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5216: 5215: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5022: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4903:Guatemala City 4899: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4850: 4849:External links 4847: 4845: 4844: 4835: 4827:|journal= 4809: 4782: 4743: 4734: 4718:(in Spanish). 4716:Hispania Sacra 4707: 4698: 4673: 4660: 4648: 4621: 4603: 4594: 4584: 4578: 4561: 4544: 4536:|journal= 4515: 4494: 4488: 4470: 4449: 4425: 4412: 4401: 4392: 4369: 4346: 4337: 4329:|journal= 4297: 4295:on 2012-02-10. 4286:I.C.J. Reports 4274: 4253:(in Spanish). 4242: 4221: 4203: 4172: 4166: 4151: 4149:on 2015-02-05. 4134: 4103: 4097: 4084: 4070: 4068:on 2018-07-11. 4053: 4041: 4033:|journal= 4000: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3970:on 4 July 2010 3947: 3897: 3878: 3866: 3864:, p. 214. 3854: 3852:, p. 197. 3842: 3830: 3818: 3792: 3790:, p. 169. 3780: 3763: 3751: 3722: 3708: 3693: 3659: 3632: 3620: 3608: 3596: 3574: 3540: 3528: 3502: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3447: 3445:, p. 128. 3435: 3433:, p. 6-7. 3423: 3411: 3359: 3347: 3345:, p. 6-7. 3335: 3333:, p. 5-6. 3323: 3306: 3294: 3279: 3260: 3215: 3204:on 17 May 2009 3188: 3165: 3153: 3138: 3119: 3078: 3063: 3061:, p. 195. 3051: 3039: 3025: 3013: 2993: 2978: 2955: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2925: 2919:Rafael Carrera 2903: 2890: 2880: 2871: 2858: 2838: 2829: 2820: 2811: 2801: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2731: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2703: 2701: 2694: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2676: 2674: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2648:Main article: 2645: 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3991: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3893: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3760: 3759:Siglo 21 2010 3755: 3739: 3735: 3734:"Ni uno vivo" 3729: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3664: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3630:, p. 15. 3629: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3605: 3600: 3592: 3586: 3581: 3579: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3532: 3517:on 2015-05-18 3516: 3512: 3506: 3498: 3493:, p. 58. 3492: 3487: 3481:, p. 58. 3480: 3479:Silva H. n.d. 3475: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3407: 3401: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3356: 3355:Silva H. n.d. 3351: 3344: 3343:Silva H. n.d. 3339: 3332: 3331:Silva H. n.d. 3327: 3320: 3319:Silva H. n.d. 3315: 3313: 3311: 3304:, p. 14. 3303: 3298: 3292:, p. 76. 3291: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3270:, p. 12. 3269: 3264: 3256: 3250: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3176: 3169: 3163:, p. 12. 3162: 3157: 3151:, p. 58. 3150: 3145: 3143: 3134: 3128: 3127:Aycinena 1854 3123: 3115: 3109: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3076:, p. 12. 3075: 3070: 3068: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3022: 3017: 3009: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2974:Paganini 1947 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2929: 2922: 2920: 2914: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2884: 2875: 2868: 2862: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2815: 2805: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2780: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2718: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2466:Chimaltenango 2463: 2462:Chimaltenango 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2426:Huehuetenango 2423: 2422:La Democracia 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2386:Suchitepéquez 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2204: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2015: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1829:fausac.edu.gt 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1754: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1715: 1714: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1636:Efraín Medina 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1608:Rafael Cuevas 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1566:Agustín Gómez 1563: 1562: 1554:, (1840–1865) 1553: 1549: 1548: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1259: 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