318:"OPRR discovered that the Unnecessary Fuss presented the case history of only 1 of approximately 150 animals that had received whiplash. By clever editing and inaccurate voice over comments, the viewer was led to believe that the inhumane treatment depicted on the film was repeated over and over and over again. In actual fact, one baboon was badly treated, and the film showed that single mistreatment over and over again while the commentator narrated that the mistreatment was repeated on a long series of different animals. In all, OPRR identified about 25 errors in the description of what was taking place. Typical was the statement accompanying film showing an accidental water spill that acid had been carelessly poured on a baboon."
309:"Meanwhile, many members of the biomedical research community have expressed dismay that the government's decision to suspend support for Penn's head injury research project seemed to come in direct response to pressure from animal rights protesters. In a letter to Secretary Heckler, the association of American Medical Colleges and three other academic organizations wrote that appearing to capitulate 'to the demands of an irresponsible advocacy group ... increases the vulnerability of academic institutions to further break-ins, destruction of property, and loss of research data of incalculable value."
268:"The protocol called for sedated baboons to be injured in a machine that simulated the whiplash motion that often inflicts damage to the neck and spine of humans involved in rear-end auto crashes. The nature of the injuries to the animals were to be studied, and the animals unassisted recovery from injury was to be compared with the recovery of animals that received a variety of treatment modalities. The protocol was controversial because it required the infliction of a severe injury on the baboons. Each animal ultimately would be examined in terminal surgery."
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300:"The committee further agreed that the film "Unnecessary Fuss" gave a distorted view of the conduct of the personnel and the treatment of animals during studies in the Laboratory. While the committee does not condone instances of apparent inappropriate jocularity and offensive comments, it believes they do not reflect the general level of care given the animals or the manner in which the experiments were carried out."
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and two researchers use a hammer and screwdriver to dislodge the helmet; a researcher is heard to say "Push!", grunts, then "It's a boy!" as the helmet finally comes loose. One sequence shows that a baboon's ear has been damaged as the helmet is removed: "... like I left a little bit of the ear behind." The footage shows researchers performing
164:
on an inadequately sedated baboon, smoking cigarettes and pipes during surgery, laughing, and playing loud music. A researcher is seen holding a brain-injured baboon up to the camera, while others speak to the animal: "Don't be shy now, sir, nothing to be afraid of". While one baboon was strapped and
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The film shows at least one sedated but not anesthetized baboon with his wrists and ankles tied, strapped to table, his head secured with dental stone inside a helmet. A hydraulic device slams the baboon's head, intended to simulate whiplash. After one such injury is sustained, the helmet seems stuck
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The violations included that the depth of anesthetic coma was questionable; that most of the animals were not seen by a veterinarian either before or after surgery; survival surgical techniques were not carried out in the required aseptic manner; that the operating theater was not properly cleaned;
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grossly overstated the deficiencies in the Head Injury Clinic, OPRR found many extraordinarily serious violations of the Guide for Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals ... Furthermore, OPRR found deficiencies in the procedures for care of animals in many other laboratories operated under the auspices
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Several investigations and favorable assessments of the research have taken place. The NIH report and a university report were delayed because the activists refused to release the tapes for a year. The university report concurred with the NIH reviewers about the scientific merit of the head injury
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waiting in the hydraulic device, the photographer pans to a brain-damaged baboon strapped into a high chair in another corner of the room as he says "Cheerleading in the corner, we have B-10. B-10 wishes his counterpart well. As you can see, B-10 is still alive. B-10 is hoping for a good result".
238:
When PETA made its 26-minute film available, the OPRR initially refused to investigate because the film had been edited from 60 hours of videotape. For over a year PETA refused to release the original footage. When they eventually handed over the unedited material, the OPRR discovered that the
327:"The university was put on probation by OPRR. The Head Injury Clinic was closed. The chief veterinarian was fired, the administration of animal facilities was consolidated, new training programs for investigators and staff were initiated, and quarterly progress reports to OPRR were required."
118:'s Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia. The raw footage was recorded by the laboratory researchers as they inflicted brain damage to baboons using a hydraulic device. The experiments were conducted as part of a research project into head injuries such as is caused in vehicle accidents.
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on NBC and CNN alongside newspaper coverage served to arouse public indignation well beyond the geographic range of the ALF action and the civil disobedience at the
University of Pennsylvania and place pressure on elected officials to terminate Gennerelli's NIH
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The OPRR also found deficiencies in other laboratories operated by the university. The university's chief veterinarian was fired, new training programs were initiated, and the university was placed on probation, with quarterly progress reports to OPRR required.
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research, while delineating items where there were violations. It was noted in the report that since the raid and resulting media exposure, many of the concerns had already been addressed within the university. But in the end, the research lab was shut down.
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footage of the brain damage being inflicted involved just one baboon out of the 150 who had received the whiplash injuries, but the film had given the impression that the brain-damage scenes involved several animals.
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by the head of the clinic, neurosurgeon Thomas
Gennarelli, before the raid. He declined to describe his research to the newspaper because, he said, it had "the potential to stir up all sorts of unnecessary fuss."
277:" was distributed to the New York Times, the Washington Post, segments of the documentary were aired on NBCs "Nightly News" and the Cable News Network (CNN), and two screenings occurred on Capitol Hill."
173:
The film was distributed to major newspapers and new agencies, as well as
Congress. The broad distribution and the piteous images in the film stirred public outrage. Journalist
125:(ALF), described in their press release as the "Watergate tapes of the animal rights movement". ALF handed the tapes over to PETA. The footage was edited down to 26 minutes by
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660:(PDF). University of Pennsylvania, Committee to Review The Head Injury Clinical Research Laboratory of the School of Medicine. August 2, 1985. pp. 3–8.
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137:(OPRR), wrote that the film had "grossly overstated the deficiencies in the Head Injury Clinic", but that the OPRR had found serious violations of the
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The biomedical research community expressed its concerns that the government capitulating to activists would put other research at risk of attack by
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387:"OEC - Reflections on the Organizational Locus of the Office for Protection from Research Risks (Research Involving Human Participants V2)"
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Lowe, Brian (2008). "Animal Rights
Struggles to Dominate the Public Moral Imagination through Sociological Warfare". p. 10.
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An investigation was conducted by 18 veterinarians from the
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, commissioned by the
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655:"Report of The Committee to Review The Head Injury Clinical Research Laboratory Of the School of Medicine"
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at NIH, ordered the suspension of the annual $ 1 million NIH grant supporting the baboon research.
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141:. Due to the publicity and the results of several investigations and reports, the lab was closed.
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226:(OPRR). Charles R. McCarthy, director of the OPRR at the time, wrote that "espite the fact that
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Sixty hours of audio and video tapes were stolen from the laboratory on May 28, 1984, by the
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and that smoking was allowed in the operating theater despite the presence of oxygen tanks.
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Dental stone is a material used in dentistry in the preparation of models and study casts.
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133:, then distributed to the media and Congress. Charles McCarthy, director of the
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636:(PDF). University of Pennsylvania, Secretary of the University. pp. 1–2.
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wrote "It is difficult to put into words just how ugly that brief movie is."
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195:, after reading the same preliminary report, and after a four-day
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1978:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_14:00 (
553:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_24:00 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_19:40 (
487:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_23:00 (
465:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_16:40 (
3502:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
509:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnnecessary_Fuss,_3:28 (
144:
The title of the film comes from a statement made to
567:
545:
523:
479:
457:
501:
168:
1009:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
4122:
1357:List of international animal welfare conventions
3654:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
3085:
1272:
1107:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
717:
1362:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
139:Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
3329:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
3273:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1300:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
112:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1279:
1265:
724:
710:
27:
4146:Documentary films about American politics
3476:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
3413:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
1072:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
631:"An Update on the Head Injury Laboratory"
358:
224:Office for Protection from Research Risks
135:Office for Protection from Research Risks
3534:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
1786:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1227:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
918:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
802:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
624:
622:
620:
618:
114:(PETA), showing footage shot inside the
1377:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
583:
419:
154:
4123:
1454:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1221:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
629:Meyers, Mary Ann (September 3, 1985).
628:
380:
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
348:
346:
344:
189:Secretary of Health and Human Services
4151:Documentary films about animal rights
3670:Political Animals and Animal Politics
3474:
3258:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
3183:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
3084:
2060:
1590:Concentrated animal feeding operation
1367:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
1322:Animal rights by country or territory
1298:
1260:
705:
647:
615:
217:
3401:Animalist Party with the Environment
1683:Animal testing on non-human primates
1102:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
762:Animal testing on non-human primates
589:
384:
352:
4171:Animal testing in the United States
3825:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
2030:World Day for the End of Speciesism
893:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
667:from the original on July 19, 2020.
643:from the original on July 19, 2020.
401:from the original on August 6, 2010
367:
341:
13:
4191:English-language documentary films
3950:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
3293:United Activists for Animal Rights
3203:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
1337:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
1092:Foundation for Biomedical Research
731:
14:
4202:
3494:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
3454:Animal Rights National Conference
3377:Animal Protection Party of Canada
3334:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
3188:Chinese Animal Protection Network
3113:American Anti-Vivisection Society
2587:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
1342:Animal rights in Indian religions
1332:Animal rights and punk subculture
1286:
1097:National Anti-Vivisection Society
675:
4166:Animal cruelty incidents in film
4101:
4100:
3662:Animal Rights Without Liberation
3313:Voice for Animals Humane Society
2040:World Day for the End of Fishing
2035:World Day for Laboratory Animals
1465:Equal consideration of interests
825:
3383:Animal Justice Party of Finland
3268:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
2477:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
2065:(academics, writers, activists)
1958:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
752:Animal testing on invertebrates
420:Palango, Paul (March 6, 1983).
321:
312:
303:
294:
280:
271:
169:Distribution, reception, result
3606:Animals, Property, and the Law
1678:Alternatives to animal testing
1347:Christianity and animal rights
1042:Americans for Medical Progress
747:Alternatives to animal testing
413:
262:
253:
1:
3243:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1948:Cambridge University primates
1480:Ethics of uncertain sentience
1147:Understanding Animal Research
946:Cambridge University primates
334:
182:National Institutes of Health
4181:1980s English-language films
3303:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
1448:Argument from marginal cases
807:Testing cosmetics on animals
395:National Academy of Sciences
7:
3590:Morals, Reason, and Animals
3218:Farm Animal Rights Movement
3168:Anonymous for the Voiceless
1852:International primate trade
1327:Anarchism and animal rights
1137:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
908:International primate trade
10:
4207:
4141:American documentary films
3710:Making a Stand for Animals
3582:The Case for Animal Rights
3233:Hunt Saboteurs Association
3193:Cruelty Free International
3163:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
1688:Animal testing regulations
1239:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
1216:Animal testing regulations
1077:Cruelty Free International
1037:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
984:Charles River Laboratories
787:History of model organisms
777:Animal testing regulations
116:University of Pennsylvania
4176:Anti-vivisection movement
4096:
4069:
4016:
3966:
3906:
3899:
3865:The Ghosts in Our Machine
3720:
3702:Animal Ethics in the Wild
3485:
3481:
3470:
3446:
3357:
3321:
3138:Animal Legal Defense Fund
3105:
3098:
3094:
3080:
2917:
2636:
2629:
2432:William Hamilton Drummond
2374:
2083:
2074:
2070:
2056:
2017:
1996:
1935:
1885:
1827:
1799:
1791:Welfare of farmed insects
1736:
1668:
1560:
1553:
1418:Animal–industrial complex
1385:
1309:
1305:
1294:
1208:
1155:
1027:
976:
926:
913:Laboratory animal allergy
875:
834:
823:
797:Laboratory animal sources
782:History of animal testing
772:Animal testing on rodents
767:Animal testing on rabbits
739:
95:
87:
77:
54:
35:
26:
21:
4161:Animal cruelty incidents
3943:Journal of Animal Ethics
3809:Your Mommy Kills Animals
3198:Direct Action Everywhere
2602:Johann Heinrich Winckler
2547:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2004:Direct Action Everywhere
1708:Huntingdon Life Sciences
1693:Labcorp Drug Development
1650:Feedback (pork industry)
1615:Intensive animal farming
1352:History of animal rights
1142:Research Defence Society
1004:Labcorp Drug Development
999:Huntingdon Life Sciences
246:
4078:Holocaust on your Plate
3849:An Apology to Elephants
3630:Do Animals Have Rights?
3566:Animals, Men and Morals
3542:Better-World Philosophy
3419:Italian Animalist Party
3298:United Poultry Concerns
3253:Last Chance for Animals
3148:Animal Liberation Front
3035:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
1520:Replaceability argument
1438:Animal-free agriculture
1233:Animal Welfare Act 1999
1112:Primate Freedom Project
1057:Animal Free Research UK
757:Animal testing on frogs
598:Oxford University Press
201:animal rights activists
123:Animal Liberation Front
4136:1984 documentary films
4051:Salvation of Innocents
3598:Zoos and Animal Rights
3173:Beauty Without Cruelty
3133:Animal Justice Project
2467:John Zephaniah Holwell
2121:Stephen St. C. Bostock
1698:Great ape research ban
1317:Animal rights movement
903:Great ape research ban
590:Blum, Deborah (1995).
110:is a film produced by
4070:Fairs and exhibitions
3957:The Animals' Defender
3929:Cahiers antispécistes
3857:Speciesism: The Movie
3678:Animal (De)liberation
3638:Striking at the Roots
3550:The Universal Kinship
3510:The Rights of Animals
3431:People Animals Nature
3425:Party for the Animals
3238:In Defense of Animals
3000:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
2387:David Renaud Boullier
1973:Silver Spring monkeys
1872:Wild animal suffering
1781:Pain in invertebrates
1620:Intensive pig farming
1510:Opposition to hunting
1475:Ethics of eating meat
961:Silver Spring monkeys
385:McCarthy, Charles R.
4186:1980s American films
4156:Anti-modernist films
3686:Sentientist Politics
3614:The Lives of Animals
3365:Animal Justice Party
3178:Born Free Foundation
3015:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2889:Wendy Turner-Webster
2597:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
1819:Recreational fishing
1660:Ventilation shutdown
1428:Animal protectionism
1408:Animal consciousness
1245:Directive 2010/63/EU
1132:Speaking of Research
231:of the university."
155:Contents of the film
4110:( 139 )
3936:Etica & Animali
3922:Between the Species
3646:An American Trilogy
3339:Humanitarian League
2950:Frances Power Cobbe
2562:Arthur Schopenhauer
2557:Henry Stephens Salt
2437:Edward Payson Evans
2131:Stephen R. L. Clark
1988:War of the currents
1877:Wildlife management
1771:Pain in crustaceans
1766:Pain in cephalopods
1223:(Council of Europe)
898:Biomedical Research
3873:Unlocking the Cage
3694:Wild Animal Ethics
3518:The Ethics of Diet
3395:Animalist Movement
3371:Animal Politics EU
3283:Sentience Politics
2909:That Vegan Teacher
2522:Siobhan O'Sullivan
2507:José Ferrater Mora
2316:Steve F. Sapontzis
1809:Commercial fishing
1761:Pain in amphibians
1751:Cruelty to animals
1723:Operation Backfire
1562:Animal agriculture
1470:Emotion in animals
951:Monkey Drug Trials
817:Toxicology testing
423:The Globe and Mail
286:"the broadcast of
218:OPRR investigation
147:The Globe and Mail
16:1984 American film
4118:
4117:
4111:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4059:Onward to Freedom
4027:Animal Liberation
4012:
4011:
3833:Forks Over Knives
3785:Peaceable Kingdom
3745:Shores of Silence
3737:A Cow at My Table
3622:Eternal Treblinka
3574:Animal Liberation
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3353:
3352:
3288:Uncaged Campaigns
3263:Mercy for Animals
3228:Great Ape Project
3143:Animal Liberation
3089:(groups, parties)
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
2975:Elizabeth Farians
2884:Christine Townend
2824:Heather Nicholson
2749:Brigitte Gothière
2739:Antoine Goetschel
2625:
2624:
2286:Charles Patterson
2191:Gary L. Francione
2166:Josephine Donovan
2156:Daniel Dombrowski
2136:Alasdair Cochrane
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
1931:
1930:
1862:Predation problem
1746:Animal euthanasia
1655:Foam depopulation
1490:Insects in ethics
1254:
1253:
439:Missing or empty
103:
102:
4198:
4109:
4104:
4103:
3915:Animal Sentience
3904:
3903:
3769:Legally Blonde 2
3729:The Animals Film
3483:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3278:Rise for Animals
3103:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3082:
3081:
2945:Edith Carrington
2849:Craig Rosebraugh
2809:Virginia McKenna
2799:Jo-Anne McArthur
2729:Juliet Gellatley
2634:
2633:
2592:Mary Anne Warren
2532:Humphrey Primatt
2517:Edward Nicholson
2487:Charles R. Magel
2452:Thomas G. Gentry
2311:Richard D. Ryder
2251:Thomas Lepeltier
2081:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2025:World Animal Day
1983:Unnecessary Fuss
1943:Brown Dog affair
1913:Animals in sport
1903:Animal slaughter
1898:Animal sacrifice
1837:Culling wildlife
1640:Wildlife farming
1558:
1557:
1403:Animal cognition
1372:Total liberation
1307:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1257:
967:Unnecessary Fuss
941:Brown Dog affair
829:
726:
719:
712:
703:
702:
692:Unnecessary Fuss
687:
686:
684:Official website
669:
668:
666:
659:
651:
645:
644:
642:
635:
626:
613:
611:
587:
581:
580:
569:Unnecessary Fuss
565:
559:
558:
547:Unnecessary Fuss
543:
537:
536:
525:Unnecessary Fuss
521:
515:
514:
503:Unnecessary Fuss
499:
493:
492:
481:Unnecessary Fuss
477:
471:
470:
459:Unnecessary Fuss
455:
449:
448:
442:
437:
435:
427:
417:
411:
410:
408:
406:
391:onlineethics.org
382:
365:
364:
362:
350:
328:
325:
319:
316:
310:
307:
301:
298:
292:
288:Unnecessary Fuss
284:
278:
275:
269:
266:
260:
257:
228:Unnecessary Fuss
193:Margaret Heckler
129:and narrated by
107:Unnecessary Fuss
70:
68:
31:
22:Unnecessary Fuss
19:
18:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4084:
4065:
4008:
3989:Muutoksen kevät
3962:
3895:
3801:Behind the Mask
3716:
3526:Animals' Rights
3477:
3458:
3442:
3349:
3317:
3090:
3064:
2925:Cleveland Amory
2913:
2879:Darren Thurston
2874:Marianne Thieme
2724:Bruce Friedrich
2689:Joey Carbstrong
2674:Brigitte Bardot
2621:
2612:Jon Wynne-Tyson
2502:J. Howard Moore
2447:John Galsworthy
2427:Wilhelm Dietler
2370:
2366:Corey Lee Wrenn
2276:Martha Nussbaum
2186:Lawrence Finsen
2126:Paola Cavalieri
2101:Kristin Andrews
2076:
2066:
2044:
2013:
1992:
1927:
1881:
1823:
1795:
1756:Pain in animals
1732:
1664:
1630:Poultry farming
1549:
1381:
1301:
1290:
1285:
1255:
1250:
1204:
1185:Neal D. Barnard
1165:Colin Blakemore
1157:
1151:
1029:
1023:
972:
928:
922:
871:
867:Syrian hamsters
830:
821:
735:
730:
682:
681:
678:
673:
672:
664:
657:
653:
652:
648:
640:
633:
627:
616:
608:
600:. p. 118.
588:
584:
574:
566:
562:
552:
544:
540:
530:
522:
518:
508:
500:
496:
486:
478:
474:
464:
456:
452:
440:
438:
429:
428:
418:
414:
404:
402:
383:
368:
360:10.1.1.596.6009
351:
342:
337:
332:
331:
326:
322:
317:
313:
308:
304:
299:
295:
285:
281:
276:
272:
267:
263:
258:
254:
249:
220:
171:
157:
80:
73:
66:
64:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3908:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3761:Meet Your Meat
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3558:The New Ethics
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3389:Animals' Party
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:AnimaNaturalis
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3128:Animal Justice
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3060:Gretchen Wyler
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Lewis Gompertz
2987:
2982:
2980:Emarel Freshel
2977:
2972:
2970:Muriel Dowding
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2904:Gary Yourofsky
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:Ingrid Newkirk
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:Charlotte Laws
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2684:Yves Bonnardel
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2659:Martin Balluch
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Steven M. Wise
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Bernard Rollin
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Leonard Nelson
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:Herman Daggett
2414:
2409:
2407:Priscilla Cohn
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Jeremy Bentham
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Jessica Pierce
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Kyle Johannsen
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:David DeGrazia
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Carol J. Adams
2087:
2085:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Pit of despair
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Abandoned pets
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1738:Animal welfare
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1713:Model organism
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1670:Animal testing
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Working animal
1642:
1637:
1635:Slaughterhouse
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:Insect farming
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Animal product
1566:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1525:Sentiocentrism
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Animal welfare
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:Ingrid Newkirk
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
980:
978:
974:
973:
971:
970:
963:
958:
956:Pit of despair
953:
948:
943:
938:
932:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
888:Animal welfare
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:
824:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
737:
736:
733:Animal testing
729:
728:
721:
714:
706:
700:
699:
688:
677:
676:External links
674:
671:
670:
646:
614:
606:
582:
560:
538:
516:
494:
472:
450:
412:
366:
339:
338:
336:
333:
330:
329:
320:
311:
302:
293:
279:
270:
261:
251:
250:
248:
245:
219:
216:
170:
167:
162:electrocautery
156:
153:
131:Ingrid Newkirk
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
60:
58:
55:
52:
51:
40:Ingrid Newkirk
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4203:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4107:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:Tame Yourself
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3996:No Compromise
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:(3rd century)
3496:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3469:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3427:(Netherlands)
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
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3123:Animal Ethics
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1545:Vegetarianism
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927:Controversial
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883:Animal rights
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847:Invertebrates
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740:Main articles
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607:0-19-510109-X
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212:direct action
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91:United States
90:
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3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3345:Oxford Group
3213:Every Animal
3106:Contemporary
3055:Andrew Tyler
3045:Nell Shipman
2985:André Géraud
2894:Jerry Vlasak
2869:Lynda Stoner
2844:Alex Pacheco
2774:Evanna Lynch
2769:Howard Lyman
2754:Wayne Hsiung
2714:Chris DeRose
2704:Rod Coronado
2637:Contemporary
2577:Thomas Tryon
2497:Mary Midgley
2492:Jean Meslier
2472:Soame Jenyns
2462:John Hildrop
2457:Arthur Helps
2422:Richard Dean
2397:Peter Buchan
2336:Gary Steiner
2331:Peter Singer
2326:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
2291:David Pearce
2281:Clare Palmer
2271:David Nibert
2261:Clair Linzey
2171:Joan Dunayer
2096:Aysha Akhtar
2084:Contemporary
1982:
1953:McLibel case
1908:Animal trial
1867:Seal hunting
1829:Wild animals
1814:Fishing bait
1776:Pain in fish
1595:Fish farming
1575:Battery cage
1495:Meat paradox
1452:
1393:Abolitionism
1190:Jerry Vlasak
1175:Gill Langley
966:
965:
691:
649:
592:
585:
568:
563:
546:
541:
524:
519:
502:
497:
480:
475:
458:
453:
441:|title=
421:
415:
403:. Retrieved
390:
323:
314:
305:
296:
287:
282:
273:
264:
255:
241:
237:
233:
227:
221:
209:
205:
186:
179:
175:Deborah Blum
172:
158:
145:
143:
127:Alex Pacheco
120:
106:
105:
104:
79:Running time
56:Release date
44:Alex Pacheco
3900:Periodicals
3777:The Meatrix
3753:The Witness
3367:(Australia)
3341:(1891–1919)
3223:Faunalytics
3050:Henry Spira
3040:Hans Ruesch
3030:Jill Phipps
3025:Norm Phelps
3005:Barry Horne
2965:Royal Dixon
2960:Karen Davis
2940:Ernest Bell
2834:Ric O'Barry
2829:Jack Norris
2794:Dan Mathews
2699:Jake Conroy
2669:Barbi Twins
2644:James Aspey
2582:Gary Varner
2572:John Styles
2412:Henry Crowe
2361:Paul Waldau
2351:Michael Tye
2246:Renan Larue
2231:Melanie Joy
2216:Oscar Horta
2211:John Hadley
2181:Catia Faria
2176:Mylan Engel
2146:Alice Crary
2116:Steven Best
2111:Marc Bekoff
2077:and writers
2018:Observances
1923:Live export
1857:Ivory trade
1728:Vivisection
1703:Green Scare
1600:Fur farming
1505:Open rescue
1500:Nonviolence
1209:Legislation
1156:Writers and
929:experiments
593:Monkey Wars
36:Produced by
4131:1984 films
4125:Categories
3889:Seaspiracy
3793:Earthlings
3433:(Portugal)
3407:DierAnimal
3322:Historical
3118:Animal Aid
3010:Marie Huot
2955:Joan Court
2935:Bob Barker
2918:Historical
2804:LuĂsa Mell
2784:Keith Mann
2779:Bill Maher
2764:Ronnie Lee
2734:Tal Gilboa
2709:Karen Dawn
2649:Greg Avery
2527:Rod Preece
2442:T. Forster
2402:Mona Caird
2375:Historical
2236:Hilda Kean
2206:Lori Gruen
1540:Vegaphobia
1530:Speciesism
1423:Animal law
1170:Carl Cohen
1067:Boyd Group
1028:Groups and
835:Testing on
335:References
83:26 minutes
4043:Manifesto
3982:Bite Back
3967:Magazines
3841:Vegucated
3439:(Germany)
3437:V-ParteiÂł
3415:(Germany)
3409:(Belgium)
3385:(Finland)
3208:Equanimal
2814:Morrissey
2789:Jim Mason
2744:Mark Gold
2679:Gene Baur
2654:Matt Ball
2630:Activists
2542:Tom Regan
2321:Jeff Sebo
2266:Dan Lyons
2075:Academics
2063:Advocates
1918:Live food
1718:Nafovanny
1625:Livestock
1605:Fur trade
1580:Bile bear
1515:Personism
1310:Overviews
1200:Tipu Aziz
1158:activists
1030:campaigns
1014:Nafovanny
977:Companies
432:cite news
355:CiteSeerX
291:funding."
4106:Category
3975:Arkangel
3907:Journals
3881:Dominion
3817:The Cove
3447:Activism
3391:(Sweden)
3379:(Canada)
3373:(Europe)
3087:Movement
2617:Voltaire
1535:Veganism
1485:Ethology
1386:Concepts
1117:Pro-Test
1019:Shamrock
936:Britches
852:Primates
812:Three Rs
662:Archived
638:Archived
405:July 18,
399:Archived
96:Language
3421:(Italy)
3403:(Spain)
3397:(Italy)
3358:Parties
1847:Hunting
1801:Fishing
1460:Carnism
862:Rodents
857:Rabbits
571:, 14:00
549:, 24:00
527:, 19:40
483:, 23:00
461:, 16:40
184:(NIH).
99:English
88:Country
65: (
4108:
4081:(2003)
4062:(2014)
4054:(2014)
4046:(2008)
4038:(1991)
4030:(1987)
4018:Albums
3892:(2021)
3884:(2018)
3876:(2016)
3868:(2013)
3860:(2013)
3852:(2013)
3844:(2011)
3836:(2011)
3828:(2009)
3820:(2009)
3812:(2007)
3804:(2006)
3796:(2005)
3788:(2004)
3780:(2003)
3772:(2003)
3764:(2002)
3756:(2000)
3748:(2000)
3740:(1998)
3732:(1981)
3713:(2022)
3705:(2022)
3697:(2020)
3689:(2018)
3681:(2016)
3673:(2014)
3665:(2012)
3657:(2010)
3649:(2009)
3641:(2008)
3633:(2005)
3625:(2001)
3617:(1999)
3609:(1995)
3601:(1993)
3593:(1987)
3585:(1983)
3577:(1975)
3569:(1971)
3561:(1907)
3553:(1906)
3545:(1899)
3537:(1897)
3529:(1892)
3521:(1883)
3513:(1838)
3505:(1824)
3099:Groups
1554:Issues
1398:Ahimsa
994:Harlan
989:Envigo
876:Issues
604:
505:, 3:28
357:
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3721:Films
3486:Books
3308:Viva!
1936:Cases
1886:Other
1127:SPEAK
1052:AALAS
842:Frogs
792:IACUC
665:(PDF)
658:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
634:(PDF)
247:Notes
3248:L214
1968:SHAC
1247:(EU)
1241:(US)
1235:(NZ)
1229:(UK)
1122:SHAC
1082:PETA
1047:AAAS
697:IMDb
602:ISBN
577:help
555:help
533:help
511:help
489:help
467:help
445:help
407:2020
187:The
67:1984
63:1984
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1087:ALF
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