1007:. An embryo is defined as any vertebrate in a stage before birth or hatching. Embryology is more specific as it only encompasses the modern definition: an animal that is undergoing early development including the formation of primitive organ systems, the creation of fundamental tissues, and cleavage; especially involving the development of human individuals from the moment the blastocyst is implanted until the end of the eight week after conception. Past the eight week, the developing animal is called a fetus.
27:
839:
886:
Also in use is the term "gross morphology", which refers to the prominent or principal aspects of an organism or taxon's morphology. A description of an organism's gross morphology would include, for example, its overall shape, overall colour, main markings etc. but not finer details.
937:
Although many naturalists have studied aspects of animal behavior through the centuries, the modern science of ethology is usually considered to have arisen as a discrete discipline with the work in the 1920s of biologists
100:. Zoology examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of animals. While there are many disciplines within zoology, the majority fall within one of two fundamental focuses: a particular
962:
who practices ethology, is interested in the behavioral process rather than in a particular animal group and often studies one type of behavior (e.g., aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
902:. A further problem with relying on morphological data is that what may appear, morphologically speaking, to be two distinct species, may in fact be shown by DNA analysis to be a single species.
894:
are species which look very similar, or perhaps even outwardly identical, but are reproductively isolated. Conversely, sometimes unrelated taxa acquire similar appearance through
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among organisms and between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local
890:
Most taxa differ morphologically from other taxa. Typically closely related taxa differ much less than more distantly related ones, but there are exceptions to this.
104:, or attributes common to most animals. Each of these two groups are further divided, based on the specific area of research and study.
946:
of
Austria. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to certain other disciplines — e.g.,
819:
1138:
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oriented disciplines. For example, it generally includes scientists who may have a specialist training in particular
173:
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made a re-entry into evolutionary biology from its initial exclusion from the modern synthesis through the study of
814:
965:
The desire to understand the animal world has made ethology a rapidly growing field, and since the turn of the
773:
871:
The term morphology in biology refers to the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern) of an
31:
1122:
to answer questions about the tempo and mode of evolution, as well as theoreticians in areas such as
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Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.
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1075:, multiplication, and diversity over time. One who studies evolutionary biology is known as an
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The two foundations of zoology can be subdivided into specific areas of study.
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field because it includes scientists from a wide range of both field and
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focused studies, research specific divisions within the animal kingdom.
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to answer general questions in evolution. It also generally includes
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1045:, and biotic factors, which are other organisms that share its
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969:, many prior understandings related to diverse fields such as
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876:
703:
691:
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114:, the first attempt at the classification of animals was by
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108:
1188:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
107:While zoology has historical roots dating back to
1003:Embryology is the study of the development of an
879:and its component parts. This is in contrast to
1021:Ecology is the scientific study of systems of
1190:(4 ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2007.
167:
139:
1163:
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930:Ethology is the scientific study of animal
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1067:concerned with the origin and descent of
30:From left to right starting top-left: a
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1063:Evolutionary biology is a sub-field of
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883:, which deals primarily with function.
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23:
1139:evolutionary developmental biology
24:
1204:
838:
837:
557:Mammalian anatomy and morphology
1175:. Microsoft Corporation. 2007.
973:, personal symbolic name use,
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1:
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1106:, but use those organisms as
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860:
132:, introducing the system of
96:which involves the study of
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1173:Encarta Online Encyclopedia
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1082:Evolutionary biology is an
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181:
10:
1209:
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1014:
1010:
996:
923:
909:
864:
140:Branches of modern zoology
32:Australian Green Tree Frog
833:
807:
744:
719:
627:
618:
545:
495:
482:
408:
202:
189:
134:scientific classification
148:Taxonomic oriented study
1128:evolutionary psychology
942:of The Netherlands and
270:Biological anthropology
122:. In the 18th Century,
85:, "animal"; and λόγος,
1077:evolutionary biologist
136:, still in use today.
89:, "knowledge") is the
75:
44:European garden spider
1135:developmental biology
977:, animal culture and
799:Alfred Russel Wallace
709:Water vascular system
29:
1059:Evolutionary biology
1053:Evolutionary biology
971:animal communication
958:. The ethologist, a
896:convergent evolution
660:Cellular respiration
1124:population genetics
1071:, as well as their
825:Timeline of zoology
754:Karl Ernst von Baer
655:Respiratory pigment
530:Mineralized tissues
81:(from Greek: ζῴον,
940:Nikolaas Tinbergen
640:Respiratory system
628:General physiology
525:Connective tissues
120:Historia Animalium
76:
48:White-lipped snail
1084:interdisciplinary
851:
850:
794:Jakob von Uexküll
740:
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727:Insect physiology
620:Animal physiology
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613:
606:Insect morphology
537:Molecular anatomy
510:Epithelial tissue
488:Animal morphology
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1033:factors such as
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898:or even through
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769:Jean-Henri Fabre
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124:Carolus Linnaeus
52:Green Sea Turtle
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1112:paleontologists
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975:animal emotions
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922:
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892:Cryptic species
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829:
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736:
732:Fish physiology
715:
667:Vascular system
610:
548:
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515:Muscular tissue
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464:Platyhelminthes
439:Xenacoelomorpha
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243:Lepidopterology
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185:
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129:Systema Naturae
102:taxonomic group
64:Barbary Macaque
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1186:"Physiology".
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1057:Main article:
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1015:Main article:
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997:Main article:
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983:sexual conduct
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987:neuroethology
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944:Konrad Lorenz
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784:Konrad Lorenz
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295:Helminthology
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1108:case studies
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1062:
1037:(sunlight),
1027:interactions
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1002:
967:21st century
964:
948:neuroanatomy
936:
929:
915:
889:
885:
870:
853:
650:Gas exchange
589:Fish anatomy
584:Bird anatomy
444:Ambulacraria
390:Paleozoology
385:Parasitology
304:Batrachology
285:Ethnozoology
280:Cnidariology
143:
127:
119:
106:
86:
82:
78:
77:
74:(butterfly).
56:Solitary bee
1104:herpetology
1100:ornithology
981:, and even
820:Post-Darwin
697:Capillaries
635:Respiration
395:Planktology
380:Ornithology
364:Primatology
320:Ichthyology
300:Herpetology
275:Bryozoology
253:Myrmecology
248:Melittology
229:Carcinology
219:Arachnology
18:User:Justin
1150:References
1130:. In the
1116:geologists
1035:insolation
999:Embryology
993:Embryology
912:Physiology
906:Physiology
881:physiology
867:Morphology
861:Morphology
815:Pre-Darwin
789:Thomas Say
746:Zoologists
720:By species
459:Arthropoda
424:Ctenophora
370:Nematology
354:Felinology
334:Teuthology
329:Conchology
325:Malacology
234:Entomology
126:published
94:discipline
91:biological
1169:"Zoology"
1096:mammalogy
1092:organisms
960:scientist
956:evolution
855:Taxonomic
645:Breathing
497:Histology
359:Hippology
340:Mammalogy
309:Ophiology
223:Acarology
116:Aristotle
36:Tawny Owl
1145:See Also
1118:who use
1094:such as
1025:and the
979:learning
932:behavior
926:Ethology
920:Ethology
873:organism
843:Category
687:Arteries
572:Elephant
547:Anatomy
474:Annelida
469:Mollusca
449:Chordata
434:Cnidaria
429:Placozoa
419:Porifera
349:Cynology
344:Cetology
290:Ethology
203:Branches
1120:fossils
1069:species
1065:biology
1047:habitat
1043:geology
1039:climate
1031:abiotic
1017:Ecology
1011:Ecology
952:ecology
900:mimicry
808:History
505:Tissues
194:Outline
183:Zoology
98:animals
79:Zoology
68:Sawfish
1073:change
1041:, and
1005:embryo
412:groups
410:Animal
70:and a
1132:1990s
1102:, or
877:taxon
704:Heart
692:Veins
677:Lymph
672:Blood
562:Human
87:logos
83:zoion
16:<
1126:and
1114:and
1049:.
1088:lab
875:or
577:Cat
567:Dog
118:in
109:400
1171:.
1158:^
1141:.
1098:,
1079:.
989:.
954:,
950:,
934:.
112:BC
66:,
62:,
58:,
54:,
50:,
46:,
42:,
38:,
34:,
366:)
342:(
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327:(
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302:(
266:)
260:)
236:(
225:)
221:(
217:(
175:e
168:t
161:v
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