User:Yerevantsi/sandbox/Tekor

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does find material evidence which supports his thesis. He notes for example the differences in the thickness between the upper and lower wall sections as well as a difference in the masonry coursing on the interior and exterior walls. The latter suggested to him the addition of a wall on the lower level in order to sup- port the vaults of a portico. On the north side, T'oramanyan detected the remains of the springing of two arches from the attached columns, which he supposes were the base of diaphragm arches for the portico vaults. Further, on the eastern end, he found a base of a capital, which suggested to him that the portico wrapped around the building completely. Jean-Michel Thierry and Patrick Donabédian believe that the engaged columns were simply decorative (J.-M. Thierry and P. Donabédian, Armenian Art, New York, 1987, pp. 584-585 ). 25 However, T'oramanyan believed the cathedral to have had a portico, although to my knowledge there is no physical evidence for it. 26 See R. Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pp. 144-155 . 27 Materials, 1, p. 196. 28 Ibid. 29 T'oramanyan also does not take into account the shape of the stepped foundation. In its eastern end, it follows the outline of the polygonal apse. Since no mention is made of alteration to the masonry of this area (which would be an arduous and unnecessary task) we may assume that the stepped foundation is contemporaneous with the apse. T'oramanyan also argues that the placement of the semi-circular apse, which projects slightly from the eastern wall, reveals its later date. In its location, it "breaks the rules" of Armenian archi- tecture, in which "the apse is either completely articulated on the exterior, or completely inscribed." Its "in-between" position thus proves that it was made to fit within an already enclosed area. While T'oramanyan could not have known it at the time, his "rule" of the position of the eastern apse is broken in at least one instance. At the fifth-century cathedral of Dvin, excavated in the 1950s, we find an example closely resembling that of Tekor -- a "semi-inscribed" eastern apse flanked by two transverse side chambers.

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influence on that of later periods. Where did these structures come from? According to Xalpaxc'yan, they find their ancestors in the popular domestic dwelling, or glxatun, found in Armenia (and much of the Caucasus, Near East, and Central Asia)160. Constructed of wood, these structures usually consist of a single, square chamber, topped with a very characteristic roof: a system of wooden frames continuously corbelled until only a small smoke-hole, or erdik, remains open at the top. Generally, the roof is supported by four piers (fig. 24). The perishable character of wood has meant that no pre- modern structures of this sort survive, however, the prevalence of the glxatun as a mode of habitation, particularly in rural areas, as well as other evidence, has suggested to many scholars its existence during the Middle Ages. For Xalpaxč'yan, proof of this hypothesis is found in the dome of Tekor. This structure, which Xalpaxč'yan considers among the oldest stone domes in Armenia, is sloped inwards on the sides, gradually narrowing to form a pyramidal, rather than cylindrical drum. Xalpaxčyan argues that this construction, which he refers to as corbelling, "is exactly the same as in the popular dwellings". Thus, he concludes, in Tekor we find a transitional monument, which signals the roots of the Armenian dome in the glxatun type. Xalpaxčyan finds further evidence in the cathedral of Ejmiacin. Agreeing with Alexander Sahinyan, he believes that the fifth-century phase of the cathedral differed little from its present state: a square chamber with axial apses divided by four central piers supporting a dome. Xalpaxc'yan considers the account of Sebeos, who tells us that the stone dome of the cathedral replaced the original wooden dome. The early occurrence of wooden dome, then, as well as the use of four supports, further allows Xalpaxcyan to liken this church type with the glxatun.

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down; the height is up to the arches of the covered windows. Most of the stones above the bases of the pillars have fallen. The columns of that side are also down, as well as the whole roof with the dome. The entire eastern wall with the apse and two chapels has remained intact, along with the northern side, the nave and the pillars. The west wall has lost its top, the upper part of the left corner and its facing stones, with only the clay layer being left. Fallen stones heap up chaotically inside the church and along the outer southern side, leaving a disorderly and desolate scene. From the stricken southern side it can be seen that the frail beams erected horizontally along the walls in two rows have furthered the destruction process. The southern wall has tumbled down along that line. Those beams can be seen in the chapels, deep empty tracks being left in the walls. The part of the roof on the northern apse, which has survived up to now, and the upper semicircular part of the western wall are in a very unstable position and in danger of falling down. The same holds for the remaining southern wall, which has large cracks. The northern wall of the church above the doors is damaged by bullets. The signs are rather new. Probably Turkish soldiers were amusing themselves here!

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middle-size and large windows were also closed on three sides with good solid masonry of finished stones. This is old work, as is shown from the inscription on the inner face of the side of one of the northern windows: A.D. 1049. The window of the apse has been also made narrower and smaller. Only the small upper windows were left open. They are situated in pairs higher than the upper cornice on three sides, in the centers of the walls above the pediments. Narrow windows are left open as well. Traces of frescos and inscriptions can be seen. The church of Tekor is built on a slope, in the crest of a hill stretching to the south. A narrow, elongated Urartian fortress stands right in front of the church, slightly to the east on the edge of the crest. The remnants of all four walls are visible, the entrance from the west, has had a path from the east. There are remnants of numerous buildings, especially on the south slope of the hill. The stones of the walls, up to 2-4 m in size, are unprocessed. It is a structure of an ancient Urartian type.

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have performed a function, rather than just being decorative. The cornice, which encircles the building, provided T'oramanyan with further proof: he believes that it was placed there to "mask" the joint line where the portico vaults were removed. There are certainly problems with T'oramanyan's argument. In order, for example, to accept that the cornice masked the remains of the portico, one must first believe that it existed. The presence of a stepped foundation and large attached piers also cannot confirm a portico: there are several Armenian churches with stepped foundations and no portico, such as the Cathedral of Ejmiacin,24 Zvart'noc', and the Cathedral of Ani. Further, large attached piers make up part of the decorative vocabulary of contemporary churches in nearby northern Syria: very large pilasters decorated the exteriors of both Qal'at Si'man and the east end of Qalb Lozeh, but in neither case were these features part of a portico system, 25

604:Տաճարի արտաքին ծավալային հորինվածքը լիովին դրսևորում է ներքին կառուցվածքը։ Առավել ճոխ մշակում ունեն հս․ և արմ․ ճակատները իրենց շքամուտքերով, զույգ որմնասյուները կրում են միասնական խոյակներ՝ V դ․ հայկ․ ճարտ–յանը բնորոշ ականթաթերթերով։ խոյակներից բարձրացող պայտաձև կամարները և հատկապես մուտքերի շրջանակները քանդակազարդված են սահուն, ալիքաձև ոճավոր– ված տերևազարդերով։ Ոչ պակաս հարուստ հարդարված են սյունասրահների որմնասյուներն ու դրանց խարիսխները, լուսամուտների պսակները։ Հիմնական մոտիվներն են խաղողի որթատունկի գալարներն ու ողկույզները, բուսական ոճավորված զարդաձևերը, ընդ որում կան մոտիվներ, որոնք առաջին անգամ ի հայտ են գալիս այստեղ՝ Տ․ տ–ում։ Արմ․ ճակատի վերնամասում, փոքր խաչաձև լուսամուտի երկու կողմերում, քանդակված են մարդկանց (թերևս կտիտորների) կիսանդրիներ, իսկ վերևում՝ երկու սիրամարգեր, որոնք կտցահարում են գավաթից բարձրացող խաղողի ողկույզները։ Գլխավոր աբսիդը ծածկված է եղել որմնանկարներով, որոնք շատ վատ են պահպանվել։ 1609:

formed on the exterior west side. This has no practical use: nor, as it would seem, any symbolical meaning: I think it a mere determination to Armenianize in the matter of the niche. The western façade is remark- ably broad : there is a couplet in the gable : at the west end of, if we may so call them, the aisles, are single lights. All the western buttresses are of two stages : most exactly re- sembling those of First Pointed date in England. Over the three doors is an entablature supported by quasi-Corinthian pillars, an arrangement which seems to have given great satisfaction to the architect, as he has repeated it in the bays opposite the western mass-piers, where there are no doors. The other buttresses are semicircular pilasters, not unlike some Romanesque examples in England. A ground-plan of this church has been given at p. 229°.

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temple transformed into a basilica, to which would have been added later a dome. N. Marr and Strzygowski for their part they dated it to the end of the 5 ° century according to the analysis of a reused inscription. All these work was done in the absence of excavations and gave rise to some disputes. Nevertheless the author adopts the theory of T'oramanyan and the dating of Marr without discussion, without taking into account the contrary opinion of Mr. Hasrat'yan or the existence from a typologically very close monument, the inscribed cross of Cromi in Georgia, although dated from the 6th century. If the hypotheses taken up by the author are plausible, it does not seem to us however, it is not very prudent to take them for granted and use them as a basis for reference.

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faire un temple païen transformé en basilique, à laquelle aurait été adjointe plus tard une coupole. N. Marr et Strzygowski pour leur part l'ont daté de la fin du 5° siècle d'après l'analyse d'une inscription réemployée. Tous ces travaux ont été faits en l'absence de fouilles et ont donné lieu à quelques contestations. Néanmoins l'auteur adopte la théorie de T'oramanyan et la datation de Marr sans discussion, sans tenir compte de l'opinion contraire de M. Hasrat'yan ni de l'existence d'un monument typologiquement très proche, la croix inscrite de Cromi en Géorgie, bien datée du 6° siècle. Si les hypothèses reprises par l'auteur sont plausibles, il ne nous paraît cependant pas très prudent de les tenir pour assurées et s'en servir comme bases de référence.

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could be a later addition to the text) the construction of Surb Sargis (Sergius). The third, which most likely dates from the 490s, relates that Sahak Kamsarakan constructed the martyrium of St. Sargis. However, this inscription only makes sense when read starting with the bottom line and working upwards, as Marr pointed out. For more discussion of the problems in the dedication and chronology of Tekor, as well as further references, see Armen Khatchatrian, L'architecture arménienne du IVe au VIe siècles, Paris, 1971. 20 Tekori tačarə, Tiflis, 1911. See also the article by the same name in Axurean, 1909, May, no. 39. 21 To be more precise, T'oramanyan specifies that the side chambers were built first, and that the portico was built very soon afterward.

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well as with Asia Minor, including Cappadocia, can be seen at Yereruyk in the treatment of the facades, traits by which this basilica, together with Tekor, stands out from other churches in Armenia. This is the case of the continuous moulded strips, independent of any architectural element, which run horizontally through the building, and those that surround the windows to the bottom of their bay where they form two horizontal folds (Fig. 2/a). The triple window at the top of the western facade is also a common feature with Syria, where it is observed for example on the church of Baqirha (546). Lastly, a Greek inscription engraved on the southern facade of Yereruyk, on which we will return later, creates a precise link with a Syrian church.

592:Ամբողջ կառույցը ի սկզբանե բարձրացել է բազմաստիճան որմնախարսխի վրա, որն արլ–ից շրջանցել է աբսիդի եռանիստ ելուստը։ Աբսիդի երկու կողմում՝ հս–ից և հվ–ից, տեղավորված են ձգված համաչափություններով ավանդատներ, որոնք մուտք ունեն տաճարի ներսից։ Հս․ ավանդատան ելուստը արմ–ից ունի արտաքին բաց խորան։ Տաճարը երկու մուտք է ունեցել հս–ից, մեկական՝ հվ–ից և արմ–ից։ Արմ–ից, հս–ից ու հվ–ից տաճարը շրջանցել են բաց սյունասրահները, որոնց դրսի կողմի մույթերը չեն պահպանվել, սակայն առկա են նրանց համապատասխանող որմնասյուները՝ հպված տաճարի պատերին։ Տաճարի ներսում եղել են չորս ուժեղ, առանձին կանգնած մույթեր (սկզբնապես թերևս խաչաձև, ինչպես ենթադրում է Թ․ Թորամանյանը)։ Տաճարի ներքևի մասը (13 շարք) կառուցվել է վարդագույն տուֆից։ 1013:: The oldest known Armenian monumental inscription is fifth-century. It is now lost, so is known only through reports, photographs, and a cast that was made in 1912 and that is in Erevan. It was on a lintel on the west door of the church at Tekor (Digor), in north-east Armenia. The two lowest of its five lines record Sahak Kamsarakan’s building a martyrium of Saint Sergius. It was to intercede for himself and for his family (line 3). The upper three lines say that the place itself had been founded by five other people: Tayron, a priest of the monastery; Manon, a hazarapet; Uran, a Roman; Yohan, the Catholicos; and Yohan the bishop of the Arsharunik´ (Durand, Rapti and Giovannoni 2007:61-62). 1700:

squinches were used to make the transition from the square bay to the circular drum of the cupola as in other Armenian Churches. Instead, four walls extended upward and inclined toward the center. Four slabs were placed diagonally on the corners of the pyramidal form at the base and top to make an octagon on which to rest the cupola. From the exterior the drum appeared to be a massive square crowned by a cornice. Above it was a narrow octagonal zone surmounted by the conical roof. The drum exterior is attributed to reconstruction work undertaken in the 10th century by the Bagratide as indicated in one of the inscriptions. The conical roof was umbrella-shaped.

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589:Տ․ տ․ բազիլիկատիպ և կենտրոնագըմբեթ հորինվածքների սինթեզի հիման վրա մշակված, չորս մույթեր ունեցող առաջին հորինվածքն է, որի առավել բնորոշ կողմը՝ գմբեթի հակազդումների չեզոքացումն է փոխուղղահայաց թաղերի միջոցով։ Տ․ տ–ում մշակված այս համակարգը վճռական նշանակություն է ունեցել սինթեզված տիպերի կազմավորման գործում (Օձուն, VI դ․, Մրեն, Գայանե եկեղեցի, Բագավան, VII դ․, Անիի Մայր տաճար, X դ․), այն կիրառվել է նույնիսկ XVII դ․։ Այս հորինվածքն այնքան տրամաբանական և կոնստրուկտիվ էր, որ IX–X դդ․ անցել է Բյուզանդիա և լայն տարածում գտել ուղղափառ եկեղեցու դավանանքին հետևող բազմաթիվ երկրներում՝ Հունաստանում, Սերբիայում, Ռուսաստանում։ 1285:

its original appearance. Most scholars for example. believe that the dome was a seventh-century addition. In his article, "The church óf Tekor",21 T'oramanyan provides his own hypothesis concerning the chronology and building sequences of the church. He proposed that the present structure was a conglomerate of several phases of construction, ranging from the pre-Christian period to the tenth century. In the following section, we shall consider these phases, paying special attention to a theme which is predominant in T'oramanyan's work: the influence of classical (i.e. Greco-Roman) architecture on Armenia.

595:Վերակառուցման ընթացքում տաճարը գմբեթավորվել է։ Հին բազիլիկատիպ կառույցներին համապատասխանող մույթերը փոխարինվել են նոր, ավելի հզոր մույթերով։ Այդ բարդ եզրաձև ունեցող մույթերի վրա էլ հենվել են գմբեթակիր կամարները։ Վերջիններիս համապատասխան արվել են փոխուղղահայաց թաղեր, որոնք և արտաքին պատերին են փոխանցել գմբեթի հորիզոնական հակազդումները։ Գմբեթակիր կամարներից վերև տեղավորված է եղել բարձր փոխանցման գոտին, որը գմբեթատակ քառակուսին աստիճանաբար փոխանցում է բուն Տեկորի տաճարի (Y դ․) հատակագիծը գմբեթի հիմնատակը կազմող ութանիստին՝ կոնստրուկտիվ մի լուծում, որտեղ ակնհայտ է ժող․ ճարտ–յան մեջ մշակված ձևերի արձագանքը։ 1175:

flanked by two chambers. Serious questions surround the date and building phases of Tekor. Three inscriptions on the west portal provide ample but confusing information.19 One inscription, located on the west façade, indicates that Sahak Kamsarakan built the church (identified as St. Sergius) in the fifth century. The other two data from the tenth cen- try and refer to renovations under the Bagratid dynasty. While most scholars agree on a fifth-century foundation date forTekor, there is no consensus on its original appearance, and many believe that the dome was a seventh-century addition.

1938: 1696:

case in Turkey. Tekor was originally a construction in basilican form with two pairs of cruciform pillars on the interior supporting cruciform vaults. According to Tíormanian, it was originally a pagan monument that had been converted into a Christian edifice. Shortly after its construction in the late 5th century, significant changes were made to the structure. A cupola was constructed over the enlarged square bay. A semicircular apse and two transversal chambers were built at the east end. The chambers projected to the north and south and abutted the portico.

1277:

be a later addition to the text) the construction (šinut'yun: zhumhu) of Surb Sargis (Sergius). The third, which is not securely dated (but purports to be fifth century) relates that Sahak Kamsarakan constructed the martyrium of St. Sargis. However, this inscription only makes sense when read starting with the bottom line and working upwards, as Marr had pointed out. For more discussion of the problems in the dedication and chronology of Tekor, as well as further reference, see Armen Khachatryan, L'architecture arménienne du Vie au VI siècles, Paris, 1971.

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5th century document but the paleography indicates otherwise (Hovsepian and T'oramanyan). T'oramanyan also considers the inscription to refer to another Church, a smaller, more appropriate form for a moratorium. An added problem is that the Church is referred to in the inscription of 1008 by Queen Katranide, King Gagik I's wife, as S. Erordut'iwn (Holy Trinity), not S. Sargis. According to Marr, this means that Tekor had a change of name, while T'oramanyan thinks two different Churches are being mentioned. The third inscription is by Asot and dated 1014.

2272:բնակարանիցս, կարծելով թէ ստորերկրեայ դղրդիւն է, երկրաշարժ, կամ թե մոտակա լեռն է փուլ գալիս, միայն ես չէի, ամբողջ գիւղի բնակիչներն էլ էին վախեցած դուրս թափվել եւ բոլորը վազում էին դէպի եկեղեցին: Ես էլ նայեցի այն կողմ եւ տեսայ, որ եկեղեցուց սեւ ու մութ փոշին որպէս ամպ բարձրանում էր դէպի երկինք: Իսկոյն եւէթ ես էլ միացած ուրիշներին վազեցի դէպքի վարը եւ ինչ տեսայ, մի ցաւալի տեսարան բացուեց իմ առաջ, հռչակաւոր Սուրբ Երրորդութեան եկեղեցին՝ այդ հսկան, ներկայացնում էր աւերակների մի ողբալի կոյտ: Տեկոր գիւղը հարիւր տուն բնակիչներով զրկուեց իր միակ աղօթատնից»: 1208:

of ritual on the East which generated changes in liturgy and architecture. The supposed arrival of the eastern apse in Armenia is viewed in conjunction with these events. One could approach this thesis in several ways, but one may simply point to the hypogeum of Acc' near Mount Aragac in Armenia. The sub- terranean, cruciform chamber terminates in a horseshoe apse. T'ora- manyan did not know the hypogeum, which was excavated in the 1970s; however, it presents a counterexample to his thesis: a fourth-century monument with a semi-circular apse.31

681:Դաստիարակված լինելով դասական ճարտարապետության լավագույն տրադիցիաներով, քաջ տիրապետելով համաշխարհային ճարտարապետության գանձերին, լավագույն գիտակ ճարտարապետական ձևերին, Թամանյանն ըստ արժանվույն գնահատեց հայ ճարտարապետական հուշարձանների ուժն ու թափը: Այդ հուշարձանների պատկառելի ավերակները մեծ հետաքրքրություն առաջացրին նրա մեջ: Երերույքում և Տեկորում, Զվարթնոցում ու այլ բազմաթիվ հուշարձաններում, Թամանյանը կարողացավ տեսնել այն բարձր գծերը, որոնք կապում են այդ հուշարձանները դասական աշխարհի` Հունաստանի և Հռոմի լավագույն ճարտարապետական կոթողների հետ: 1912: 1003:

1912 and that is in Erevan. It was on a lintel on the west door of the church at Tekor (Digor), in north-east Armenia. The two lowest of its five lines record Sahak Kamsarakan’s building a martyrium of Saint Sergius. It was to intercede for himself and for his family (line 3). The upper three lines say that the place itself had been founded by five other people: Tayron, a priest of the monastery; Manon, a hazarapet; Uran, a Roman; Yohan, the Catholicos; and Yohan the bishop of the Arsharunik´ (Durand, Rapti and Giovannoni 2007:61-62).

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which finds no counterparts in the Christian East. The square apse proposed by Toramanyan is equally difficult to support. In the absence of archaeological evidence, the author built upon his previous claim, arguing that the present semi-circular apse could not have co-existed with a portico. Such a pairing, he wrote, "would not only have been unpardonably ugly"27 but it would also be "difficult to construct, since there would have been no free space at the east end" 28 This is of course circular reasoning.29

1105:. Hasratyan noted that its polished and sculpted stones can be found in the walls of local houses and barns. Steven Sim who visited in the 1980s, reported that according to locals, its facing stones were used in the 1960s for the construction of the Digor town hall, which was itself was demolished in the 1970s. According to Kouymjian, upon his visit in 1999, "there were only fragments, chunks of masonry walls" remaining. Sim argues that its present state is "mostly the work of man rather than earthquakes." 1324:

they wing away from the center in parallel chambers. Alvarez further hypothesized a columnar portico surrounding its west, north, and south sides. Strzygowski compares this layout to T'oramanyan's plan of Tekor (Chap. 2, fig. 4). Strzygowski claims that the churches share a square apse and unusually large, rectangular side chambers. He also cites the concurrence of a columnar portico and horseshoe arches. The concurrence of these features lead him to postulate a diffusion from Tekor to San Juan de Baños.

1876: 1049: 689:Հայտնի է, որ քրիստոնեությունը Հայաստան է թափանցել Սիրիայից: Մառը, ելնելով դրանից, Հայաստանի քրիստոնեական վաղ շրջանի բազիլիկային կառուցվածքները և հատկապես նրանց հարդարանքները համեմատում է սիրիական համանման հուշարձանների հետ և հայտնում այն միտքը, թե այդ կառուցվածքները (Երերուք, Տեկոր և այլն) հանդիսանում են 5-րդ դարի վերջի կամ 6-րդ դարի սկզբի գործեր և իրենց ընդհանուր հորինվածքով ու մանրամասերով կապված են «հայկական եկեղեցական կյանքի սիրիական հոսանքի հետ» և անվիճելիորեն ունեն «սիրիական ծագում»։ ; 853: 1924: 2227:: ... Ererouk and Tekor, both built in the sixth century. These two monuments are nearly identical in plan, details and technique, and also in the sculptures and decoration of their façades. The interiors are bare. They are examples of a charming archaism, and are generally supposed to be the work of masters who had been apprenticed to Syrian architects. I think, however, that the art of these two structures represents a step in an evolution, of which the genesis remains unknown. 40: 1708:

Ereroyk', 5th century) and in 6th century Syrian Churches (S. Serge of Dar Qita, and Churches at Kimar and Meez). Tekor had large windows with extended arches characteristic of 5th-7th century Armenian Churches. During reconstructions between the 10th and 12th century, many of these were narrowed and splayed in accordance with the style of the period. Red stone was used in earlier parts of the structure and yellow in later sections, offering evidence of changes.

2106:Подчеркнуто ужасающее состояние памятника, частично обрушившегося на глазах современников Калантара по причине безразличного отношения. Утрачены все своды, включая купол, верхняя зона южной стены. Отмечены опасные трещины в конструкциях. Верхняя часть северной стены испещрена отверстиями от пуль, почему Калантар предполагает, что турецкие солдаты занимались стрельбой по церкви со стороны села. Состояние во время работы экспедиции «Ани в контексте» 2013 г. 1775:

columns and arches separate the main nave and the side naves. The side naves are covered with vaults extending in the east-west direction. The middle sections of the side naves are covered with barrel vaults in the longitudinal direction up to the bottom of the dome. There are two long rooms on both sides of the apse on the east side of the church. Next to the northern room, there is a semi-circular baptismal font carved into the outer wall (Figure 1b).

2097:Экспедиция работала с 20 августа по 16 сентября 1920 г., возглавлял группу ученых известный археолог Ашхарбек Калантар2 , оставивший дневниковые записи, опубликованные в сборнике его трудов уже в наши дни3 . Экспедиция была осуществлена в то время, когда Карсская область входила в состав Первой Республики Армения4 /// 2 Քալանթար Ա., Հայաստան: Քարե դարից միջնադար: Երկերի ժողովածու, Երևան, 2007, էջ 7-8. 2. Храм V в. в Текоре. Фото А. Казаряна, 2013. 108: 825: 770:

Kamsarakan, a great Armenian dynasty of the Late Classical period and shared a series of features, both architectural and decorative (Donabédian 2014a, 252–253). / Donabédian P. 2014a, Ereruyk‘: nouvelles données sur l’histoire du site et de la basilique, in: Mardirossian A., Ouzounian A., Zuckerman C. (eds), Mélanges JeanPierre Mahé (Travaux et Mémoires 18), Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance, 241–284./

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with a new model. Tekor thus assumes a central place in the development of Armenian architecture, for, as Harut'yunyan writes, "in this monument began the progress of the monumental dome" which was followed by its "logical integration" into the composition of the domed basilica. Among the examples of Tekor's progeny, according to Harut'yunyan, are the seventh-century churches of Ojun, Gayane, Mren, and Bagavan.182

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a regular basilica, and rebuilt into a domed one in the late 5th-early 6th century. P.-L. therefore distinguishes two phases: Tekor-1 and Tekor-2. In the list of basilicas we see Tekor-1 (p. 360) and in the Table – “Tekor”, standing for Tekor-2 (Taf. 209-210). We do not know what basilica Tekor-1 was like, the plan does not exist and the monument has long since been lost.

554:Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանքի եկեղեցին բարձրացել է բազմաստիճան որմնախարսխի վրա, հս-ից, արմից և հվ-ից ունեցել բաց սյունասրահներ, իսկ արտաքուստ եռանիստ ծավալով արլ-ից շեշտված խորանի երկու կողմերում՝ հս-ից հվ. ձգվող ավանդատներ: Հզոր մույթերի վրա բարձրացել է խորանարդաձև գմբեթը, որը հայկական եկեղեցական ճարտարապետության մեջ մեզ հայտնի ամենավաղ քարե գմբեթն է և իր ձևով՝ միակը: 1315:

phase followed by a domed phase. The best known example is the church at Tekor (Chapter Two, figs. 3, 4).59 Located south of Ani, Tekor was initially constructed as a three-aisled basilica flanked at the north and south by porticoes. By the seventh century (perhaps earlier?) the four piers were enlarged in order to carry a dome and transverse barrel vault.

585:Տ տ Հայաստա նի բազիլիկատիպ և կենտրոնազմբեթ շինության հնագույն նմուշն է և խոր ազդեցություն է թողել Օձունի, Մրենի, Գայանեի, Բագավանի, Անիի Մայր տաճարի և այլ շինությունների վրա: Այս ոճը 9-10-րդ դդ փոխանցվել է Բյուզանդիային և լայն կիրառություն գտել Հունաստանում, Սերբիայում և այլուր: Տ տ-ի վրա պահպանված հայերեն վիմագիր արձանագրությունը եղածների մեջ հնագույնն է: 1704:

and a rectangular base had a human figure with a headdress carved on either side of the opening. Above these two busts were two peacocks biting fruit from a cup at the top. The figures are identified as Sahak Mamikonian and a woman (T'oramanyan), although they were in ruinous condition when they were reported and photographed by T'oramanian and Marr.

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wrap-around portico. Examining the exterior walls, Toramanyan noted the large size and regular intervals of the attached piers and interpreted them as responses for vaults of a portico. Further, the horizontal profiling of the exterior walls, according to T'oramanyan, functioned to mask the joint line which was exposed after the vaults were removed.

870: 2291: 2256: 2018:

existence, during several centuries of which it was abandoned. These two monuments are nearly identical in plan,details and technique, and also in the sculpture of their façades (the interiors are bare). They are examples of acharming archaism, and they are generally supposed to be the works of masters who were apprenticed to Syrianarchitects.

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to see "what harmony was commanded by the Romans in the Armenian style." This harmony (ubpqwzuw4) is also evident at Tekor, which represents, in the decoration and construction of its earliest phase, "a harmonious mixture of Armenian and Roman architecture." But this mixture arises, for T'oramanyan, out of a local imitation of Roman style.

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reconstructed temples are the churches of Kasagh, Tekor, Yereruik and Odzun (Fig. 3). In particular, the simple three-nave basilica structure of the Tekor Temple, built in the 4th century, was later supplemented by external porticos, present-day apse with adjoining rooms, portals, the apse of the north facade and the dome .

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the north-eastern niche with its baptismal font tend to contradict that theory. The pilasters may just be decorative, a feature also found in Syrian architecture from this period. Another indication of possible Syrian influence is the moulded band that ran around the three facades and over the arches of the windows.

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https://www.academia.edu/91896943/%D5%84%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_Inscription_of_Dekor

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Chapitre II. L'église de Tekor, l'actuel Digor (p. 20-27). -- Cet édifice se présentait il y a un demi-siècle comme une croix inscrite à quatre appuis libres de la coupole et galerie périphérique. L'architecte T'oramanyan s'est livré, à son propos, à des spécula- tions historiques ingénieuses pour en

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However, T'oramanyan does find material evidence which supports his thesis. He notes for example the differences in the thickness between the upper and lower wall sections as well as a difference in the masonry coursing on the interior and exterior walls. The latter suggested to him the addition of a

1207:

Toramanyan also held that semi-circular examples were not indige- nous to Armenia, but imported from the West.30 Churches in Armenia, he believed, were initially furnished with a central altar rather than an eastern apse. In the fifth century, according to the author, the Church enforced a uniformity

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Early Christian architecture of the Caucasus: problems of typology However, one “domed basilica” is found in the book, though under a different name. This is Tekor, “the crossdomed church with 4 free-standing pillars”, the most ancient Armenian church of this type (ɋat. pp. 311-318). It was built as

1583:

The Surb Sargis (St. Sergei’s) church in Tekor, in the Shirak region of the present-day Turkey, is nowadays in total ruin. Fortunately, before its destruction by the 1911 earthquake, it had been extensively studied (e.g. by T. Toramanian and J. Strzygowski) and the documentation preserved allows us

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Varazdat harutyunyan. Further, the whole architectural layout of Tekor, with its dome atop a three-aisled basilica, provided the model for the domed basilica. Although not created ex novo, as a "pure construction", 181 in its conglomerate building phases, it nevertheless provided subsequent builders

1284:

the inscriptions indicates that Sahak Kamsarakan built the church of St. Sergius in the fifth century. The other two date from the tenth century, and refer to rebuildings by the Bagratid queen Katramide. While most scholars agree on a fifth-century foundation date for Tekor, there is no consensus on

1268:

T'oramanyan's best-known and most important contributions are his hypothetical reconstructions. His publications on Zvart'noc*, Ejmiacin, and Tekor, all written in the first two decades of the twentieth century, feature the same approach: a close physical inspection of the monument. accompanied by a

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Large attached piers decorate contemporary churches in northern Syria: both Qal'at Si'man and the east end of Qalb Lozeh are ornamented thus, but in neither case were these features part of a portico system.26 Most problematic, however, is T'oramanyan's proposal for a "peristyle" structure -- a form

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Certainly, porticos were common elements in both Syrian and Armenian architecture.23 However, T‘oramanyan’s reasoning does not provide convincing evidence of a portico at Tekor.24 The presence of stepped foundation and attached piers, for example, cannot confirm a portico: there are several Armenian

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In his book, The Temple of Tekor,20 T'oramanyan provided his own hypothesis concerning the chronology and building phases of the church. He proposed that the present structure was a conglomerate of several periods of construction, ranging from the pre-Christian period to the tenth century. The first

1002:

The other inscriptions with which King Gagik would have been familiar were those on Armenian churches, much shorter than that of Meher Kapısı. The oldest known Armenian monumental inscription is fifth-century. It is now lost, so is known only through reports, photographs, and a cast that was made in

761:

Patrick Donabédian. Yereruyk: A Site Rich in Enigmas and Promises. The Armenian-French Archaeological Mission of LA3M in Armenia (2009-2016). Pavel Avetisyan; Arsen Bobokhyan. Archaeology of Armenia in Regional Context. Proceedings of the International Conference Dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of

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The church stood on a nine stepped base. Because this base is wider than the church, it used to be thought that a portico once ran around the outside of the church, supported on the pilasters and columns that are attached to the lower half of the facade. The position of the windows and the height of

644:

Oblong rooms flanked each side of the apse. The walls of these rooms extend outwards from the north and south facades, a feature that is also found on other early Armenian churches of this period. At the north-eastern corner of the church, set into the external wall of the northern of these rooms is

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In local Christian sources, the old church located on the ridge to the south of Digor Village is called "Tekor". The name of the village may have come from this. / Hıristiyan yerli kaynaklarında, Digor Köyünde güneyindeki sırtta bulunan eski kilise ‘’Tekor’’ diye anılıyor. Köyün adı da bundan gelmiş

2017:

The SixthCentury,@c.-Among my studies I have two watercolours which are faithful portraits of the ruins of the churches of EREROUK and TEKOR. The former,which I visited in 1g06, remains as the drawing shows,but TEKOR, which I drew still earlier, was struck by lightning in 1912, after 1,500 years of

1774:

There are four independent columns on which the load of the dome is transferred, arches with the width of columns extend to the entrance wall in the west and the apse wall in the east. These columns are connected to the north and south walls with thinner section arches on the horizontal axis. These

1703:

The west facade contained figural relief sculpture (T'oramanyan and Marr) which appears to be the earliest example of a donor portrait of its type not only in Armenia and the Caucasus but in Christian art in general (Mnatsakanyan, 1971). The cruciform window under the gable with three circular arms

1691:

The updated inscription is by the 5th century Prince Sahak Kamsarakan and states that he was the donor of "This Martrium of S. Sargis". It also includes the names of a contemporary bishop Hovhannes of Arsarunik' and the Catholicos Hovhannes. Most scholars accept the inscription as an authentic late

1608:

The church of Dighour, though in Armenia, is to all in- tents and purposes of the Byzantine family. The dome rests on central mass-piers; the bema has no passages to the prothesis and diaconicon. The most remarkable feature in this building is the protrusion of the two latter chapels, and the niche

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in Palencia, Spain.63 Although altered by a subsequent restoration, the plan of San Juan by Alvarez is still largely accepted (fig. 25). The original church consists of a three aisled core, the central of which terminates in a rectangular apse. The lateral aisles, however, do not flank it; instead,

1306:

It should not be inferred, however, that T'oramanyan ignores the idea of indigenous traditions. Frequently in his discussion of the early churches, he speaks of a mixture of Roman and local forms. The remnants of a cornice at the Cathedral of Ejmiacin, for example, offer T'oramanyan the opportunity

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20 There are three inscriptions, which are all located on the west portal of the church. The first, which is dated 1008, recounts the lifting of taxes by queen Katramide, wife of king Gagik ( 990-1020 ). The second is dated 1014, and tell show King Asot also lifted taxes and mentions (in what could

1216:

The last section of T'oramanyan's article considers the dome of Tekor. According to the author, between the fifth and seventh centuries the four central piers of the church were enlarged to support a square drum, on which rested a stone dome (Fig. 23). To prove his point, Toramanyan rightly focused

1203:

23 The basilica of Ereruyk*, built in the fifth or early sixth century, possessed one (now destroyed). Early Syrian churches, such as Turmanin and Qalb Lozeh, also featured porticos. One could hypothesize, based on these examples, the presence of such an ele- ment at Tekor. 24 However, T'oramanyan

1182:

18 Considerable damage to the church occurred during the earthquakes of 1911 and 1935. 19 The first, which is dated 1008, recounts the lifting of taxes by queen Katramide, wife of king Gagik ( 990-1020 ). The second is dated 1014, and indicates that King Ašot also lifted taxes and mentions (in what

743:

1907 թ. Նիկողայոս Մառը՝ առաջինն անդրադառնալով Երերույքի տաճարին, գրում է. “Եզրահանգում եմ. Երերույքի բազիլիկան, որ գտնվում է նույն իշխանական տոհմի տիրույթներում, կառուցվել է Կամսարականներից մեկի կողմից և այն ժամանակաշրջանում, երբ առաջ էր եկել Տեկորի տաճարի սկզբնական հենքը՝ Երերույքի տաճարի կրկնակը,

1805:

Among longitudinal churches Surp Sarkis church at Tekor represents a unique solution because it is probably the only survived example of a primitive form of geometric connection between pillars and dome. The almost total loss of the building due to an earthquake in 1912, and, then, to a systematic

1778:

There are two doors on the north façade of the church, and one on each on the west and south façades. It is emphasized by a pediment with horseshoe arches on two built-in columns next to the columned doors. The lintel passing over the arches surrounding the doors forms a horizontal dividing facade

1707:

There were two decorated portals on the north and one on the west elevation. The west portal had a horseshoe-shaped archivolt supported by two square pillars, each with four columns. Floral motifs on the capitals of the piers are similar to those in other Armenian basilicas (Kasal, 4th century and

1699:

The stone dome of Tekor was among the earliest to be constructed in Armenia, and until its destruction, Tekor was the oldest extant domed Church in Armenia (T'oramanyan). The dome was supported by enlarged free-standing pillars. The domeís early date is indicated by the fact that no pendentives or

1695:

Preserved until 1911 when the cupola collapsed, Tekor was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1935. In 1964 (according to the Thierrys, 1965), all the facing stones had been removed from the site of the ruined Church. There was no evidence of their reuse on neighboring structures, as is often the

1292:

T'oramanyan gives a variety of reasons for his thesis.23 In some cases, he argues from surrounding elements. The presence of the stepped foundation, for example, was built to accommodate a portico. Further, because of their large size and regular intervals, he believes that the attached piers must

1288:

We shall begin with the earliest phase and work forward. According to T'oramanyan, the first church phase at Tekor dated to the fourth century and consisted of a simple rectangle terminating in a square apse (fig. 5). At a subsequent time, probably in the fifth century, the apse was flanked by the

1137:

The fact that only a few years ago it was standing completely intact and that now due to our carelessness half of it is down, scattering numerous pieces inside and out, allowing them to be lost for ever, cannot have any justification and permits no consolation. Half of the southern wall has fallen

881:

An additional point which makes the dating of the earliest of the Sinai inscriptions difficult is the fact that we have no clearly dated Armenian inscriptions of the 6th century. Armenian writing commenced only in the 5th century, and only one single inscription, from the church of Tekor, is known

797:

Chapter II. The church of Tekor, the current Digor (p. 20-27). - This building was it half a century ago as a cross inscribed on four free supports of the dome and peripheral gallery. The architect T'oramanyan indulged, in his opinion, in speculations- ingenious historical tions to make it a pagan

773:

Tekor was named in its dedicatory inscription “martyrium of St. Sergius”. It is highly plausible that, like Zvartnots, the great martyria of Tekor and Yereruyk, dedicated to the memory of particularly venerated saints, sheltered their relics. Other traits of kinship with Early Christian Syria, as

2271:

1912 թ. օգոստոսի 1-ին, երբ երկրաշարժը կործանել է նրա գմբեթը հարավային պատի հետ միասին: Թիֆլիսում հրատարակվող «Հորիզոն» թերթին ուղարկած թղթակցությունում, Տեկոր գյուղի բնակիչներից մեկը գրել է. «Մօտաւորապես ժամը 6-ին յանկարծ լսուեց մի սարսափելի դղրդիւն. մի ակնթարթում վախեցած ու սարսափած դուրս վազեցի

1314:

The early dates of Ereruyk*, K'asal and other basilicas are not the only proof of an initial basilican period in Armenia. Domed longitudinal structures (such as those we just examined) provide further hints. A number of them appear to be of two separate building periods, consisting of a basilican

1687:

The Church of St. Sarkiss, Tekor is located in the village of the same name in Turkey, southwest of the ruined Armenian city of Ani (coord. 40-24 / 43-25). It is dated to the 5th century on the basis of archaeological evidence and its architectural style. There are also three inscriptions on the

1310:

T'oramanyan posits that sometime between the fifth century and seventh century, an increased knowledge of stonework led to the construction of stone domes. To illustrate this, it will be remembered, he turns to the church of Tekor. Its unusual cubical drum and conical interior led T'oramanyan to

1187:

As neither square apse nor portico exist in the current church, T'ora- many an's claims require some justification. Evidence for a portico, he argued, can be found through an inspection of the monument.22 Toramanyan suggested that Thor's broad, stepped platform provided an appropriate base for a

1174:

The church of Tekor is located in the district of Kars, close to the pre- sent-day eastern border of Turkey (Fig. 19, 20). Today, only remnants of the wall still stand.18 However, its architectural form can still be dis- cerned: a domed, three-aisled basilica, terminating in a semi-circular apse

1141:

The church has four doors: one to the west, one to the south and two to the north. All were closed off long ago with rather large stones except for the western door on the northern side. The remaining open door is lower; a large stone has been fixed in below the lintel. Apart from the doors, all

637:

The church originally had four entrances: one to the west, one to the south, and two to the north. At a later period these doors were closed off, except for the western most entrance on the northern side which was reduced in size. These doors were framed by visually powerful portals of horseshoe

1119:

A Turkish survey in 2014 noted that the church has "reached our time in a dilapidated state, with some of its eastern and northern walls standing without facing stones". The survey drew its plan and section sketches, took measurements and photographs. In October 2019, the Kars Regional Cultural

1972: 1341:

Simultaneously, however, there occurred another development-- the emergence of the domed-centrally planned church in the sixth-seventh centuries. For Xalpaxc'yan, the churches of Hrip'sime, Ojun, and Mastara marked the formation of a "well-developed" national architecture, which would exert an

1272:

A. Tekor The church of Tekor is located in the district of Kars, close to the present-day eastern border of Turkey (fig. 3, 4). Today, only remnants of the wall are left standing after earthquakes from 1911 and 1935. However, its architectural form can still be discerned: a domed, three-aisled

1263:

Schnaase appears to conclude here that all Armenian domes were a single, conical shell. However, as we know, they are generally spherical on the inside, surmounted by a conical roof.66 The explanation for his faulty generalization may be connected to the sources at hand: most of the images of

629:

The earlier theory was derived mainly from observations of the pillars, now impossible to verify (although it is possible that something may remain below today's ground level). The change in hue between the lower and upper courses of stone, clearly visible on old photographs, was also said to

1264:

Armenian churches were exterior views, which only would have shown the conical roof. Further, one of the only interior illustrations was Charles Texier's drawing of Tekor, which features an unusual dome that rises from the base of a drum in a conical, rather than spherical shape (fig. 13).

769:

Located about 20 kilometres south-west of Yereruyk, now in Turkish territory and destroyed, Tekor had a remarkable structure for its time: an inscribed cross crowned by an archaic dome, but despite this difference, it had a close kinship with Yereruyk. Both were located on the lands of the

1711:

Other indications of renovations include the ribbed, umbrella-like form of the pyramidal roof. The 10th century Churches of Xc'kawnk and Marmasen have somewhat similar coverings. Also, the lining of the pyramidal roof had preserved some tiles typical of roofs earlier than the 7th century.

765:

A similar platform was present under another church, St. Sergius of Tekor, built in all probability a little earlier than Yereruyk, at the end of the 5th century (Donabédian 2008, 54– 57). / Donabédian P. 2008, L’âge d’or de l’architecture arménienne. VIIe siècle, Marseille: Parenthèses./

2151:

Toramanyan finds that some of the early Christian basilicas in Armenia initially consisted only of the prayer hall and the oldest structure (probably rectangular) of the apse . According to Sahinyan, Toramanyan came to this conclusion while studying the Tekor Temple . Similar examples of

736:

1908թ. Ն. Մառը հատուկ գիտարշավ է կազմակերպել Տեկորի տաճարի հետազոտության համար, որին մասնակցել են Թ. Թորամանյանը, Ս. Պոլտարացկին, Ն. Տիխոնովը, Հ. Օրբելին եւ ուրիշներ: Նա Տեկոր է այցելել նաեւ 1909թ. եւ մանրամասն նկարագրել է տաճարը: Իսկ 1911թ. լույս է տեսել Թ. Թորամանյանի Տեկորին նվիրված

533:Սկզբնապես (12–13 շարք) Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանքի եկեղեցին կառուցվել է վարդագույն տուֆով՝ որպես եռանավ բազիլիկ; շարունակվել սպիտակավուն տուֆով՝ եկեղեցուն տալով քառամույթ գմբեթավոր հորինվածք, որի շնորհիվ այն քրիստոնեաական ճարտարապետության մեջ տվյալ տիպի հնագույն թվագրված կառույցն է: 928:Տեկորի տաճարը չափազանց արժեքավոր էր հայ մշակույթի համար և նրանով, որ հուշարձանի շինարարական արձանագրությունը, փորագրված Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի մահվանից մոտ երեք տասնամյակ հետո, մեզ հասած հայերեն ամենահին գրությունն էր և հավաստի պատկերացում էր տալիս մեսրոպաստեղծ այբուբենի տառաձևերի մասին: 1269:

proposal-- sometimes very bold-- of its original phase or phases. In this section, we will focus on his reconstructions of Ejmiacin and Tekor, which, although lesser known than that of Zvart'noc*, reveal much more about his beliefs regarding the origins of Armenian architecture.

2951: 1987: 4362:"От Арджо Арича до Мрена. Сравнительный анализ работы экспедиций 1920 и 2013 годов, изучавших памятники в окрестностях Текора [From Arjo Arich to Mren: Comparative Analysis of the Work of 1920 and 1923 Expeditions Having Studied the Monuments in the Vicinity of Tekor]" 1179:

church at Tekor, according to Toramanyan, dated to the fourth century and consisted of a rectangular structure terminating in a square apse (Fig. 21). A century later, he suggested, the apse was flanked with side chambers and a peristyle portico was constructed (Fig. 22).21

1782:

In addition, the fact that the building materials were removed reveals that it was the result of vandalism as well as the earthquake (URL-1). The church in the 1980s is included in the figure 2c. The current state of the church and the remains can be seen in the figure 2d.

1220:

Toramanyan believed that Tekor possessed the first stone dome in Armenia. Comparing it to seventh-century examples, he noted the unusual quality of its construction, which is conical on the interior and cubic on the exterior. This form, T'oramanyan argued, imitated the

1289:

two side chambers and a portico, which surrounded all sides (fig. 6). 22 Thus, in a comparison of the present structure with this phase, there are several changes; the square apse was replaced by the semi-circular one, the portico was removed, and the dome was added.

1112:, who visited in 2013, the ruins form part of a local Kurdish man's house. A Turkish researcher wrote in 2020 that villagers store poultry and other belongings in the church's remnants. An Armenian art historian, who visited in 2022 noted that the site is filled with 633:

The dome was supported on four thick pillars and had an unusual design - rather like a domed vault. There were no squinches or pendentives, and its lower part was a sort of trapezoidal pyramid shape (pierced by 4 windows) that formed a base for the cupola.

3739:

Subsequent, but conscious, destruction of individual monuments by dynamite or artillery. Churches provided convenient targets for artillery practice during manoeuvres of the Turkish army in the east. The best known examples: the basilica of Tekor (4th-5th

878:: I should say that the oldest Armenian inscription known before the Sinai discoveries was from the very end of the fi fth century. It was on a basilica in Tekor, now in the Kars province of Turkey. The inscription is lost, but photographs of it survive.2 536:Թորամանյանի «Տեկորի տաճարը» մոնոդրաֆիկ ուսումնասիրությու մեջ ցույց է տրված, որ Տեկորի տաճարի կառուցվածքում տեղի են ունեցել ճիշտ նույն ձևափոխությունների շրջանները, որպիսիք նկատվեց Քասաղում: Ըստ այդ հետազոտության Տեկորի տաճարի սկզբնական տեսքին հավելված են՝ 1770:

As in the domed basilica type plan typologies, the middle part of the church is covered with a dome on the inside and a cone on the outside. The church consists of two side naves separated by two columns on the right and left of a main nave (Figure 1a).

1467: 1446: 524:

It is the earliest known monument in Armenian church architecture manifesting the transformation of tri-nave basilicas into domed ones. Its walls used to bear inscriptions of rare historical value dating from 971, 989, 990, 1006, 1008, 1018, and 1036.

1617:

I now pass to those churches which unite in themselves Armenian and Byzantine arrangement. Of some of these I have already spoken; for example, Ani, Gagra, and Dighour ; they, however, seemed more properly to belong to Constanti- nopolitan art.

1688:

tympanum of the west portal that provide historical information on the Church. The inscriptions are considered copies of the original ones; however, are the subject of controversy regarding the name and dating of the original form of the Church.

582:Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանքի եկեղեցու քառամույթ գմբեթավոր բազիլիկ հորինվածքը հետագայում նախատիպ է ծառայել Հայաստանի VI–XVII դդ. բազմաթիվ եկեղեցիների համար, իսկ IX–XI դդ. անցել է Բյուզանդիա ու լայն տարածում ստացել ուղղափառ (օրթոդոքս) երկրներում: 622:

Formerly it was believed that the church was built as a basilica without a dome (possibly of pre-Christian origin and converted to a church by adding an apse) and that the dome was added later; as late as the seventh century according to some.

1311:

believe that it was an imitation of a dome in wood. Thus, T'oramanyan dates the construction of Tekor's dome to after the wooden dome of the Cathedral of Ejmiacin in the fifth century and before the domed churches of the seventh century 57

2584:"Kaderlerine terk edilen Ermeni kiliseleri: Definecilerin kazdığı çukurda insan kafatası ve kemikleri çıktı [The Armenian churches abandoned to their fate: Human skulls and bones were found in the pit dug by treasure hunters]" 1061:

The church survived largely intact until the early 20th century. It wad abandoned in 1906. It suffered significant damage in an earthquake on August 1, 1912, when its dome, most of the roof, and much of the southern façade collapsed.

1127:

only survived to the present day with the apse section and the northern body walls. The outer side of the church's body walls is constructed using regular cut basalt stones, while the inner part is built using rubble stone filling.

1074:

led the last Armenian expedition to Tekor and documented its state. He wrote that the collapsed church "presents a pitiful picture" and that the "image is so disturbing that at first one needs some time to recover from the shock."

2757: 2100:Текор (соврем. Дигор), городок, расположенный в 22 км к юго-западу от Ани. На северной окраине – большой храм, датированный надписью 480-ми гг. Это первый известный нам образец крестовокупольной четырехстолпной церкви в мире. 2583: 2118:

Review: Armenian Architecture: A Documented Photo-Archival Collection on Microfiche for the Study of Armenian Architecture of Transcaucasia and the Near- and Middle-East, from the Medieval Period Onwards by V. L. Parsegian

1779:

element. Four columns on both sides of the doors on the north façade and six columns on the west and south façades extend to the horizontal lintel. There are two embrasure windows on the facades of the church (Figure 1c-d).

1090:, who visited in 1964, reported that the church was "almost entirely leveled" and it had lost all its facing stones. An American couple photographed the ruins in 1966, showing its walls entirely stripped of facing stones. 598:Ստեղծված ութանիստ հիմքի վրա է հենվել գմբեթի կիսագունդը։ Տաճարի թաղային կոնստրուկցիաները արտաքինից պարփակվել են երկլանջ ծածկերով, որոնք կառույցի կենտր․ մասում հպվել են փոխանցման բարձր գոտին պարփակող խորանարդաձև ծավալին։ 1760: 1273:

basilica, terminating in a semi-circular apse flanked by two chambers. Serious questions surround the date and building phases of Tekor. Three inscriptions on the west portal provide ample, but confusing information.20

1191:

22 The evidence I present below represents only a fraction of the scope of T'oramanyan actual argument. However, I feel that I have provided a representative sample of his claims, both in terms of content and approach.

2714: 2379:«...հուշարձանից այսօր մնացել են պատերի կրաբետոնի միջուկի մի քանի կույտեր, իսկ սրբատաշ, վաղմիջնադարյան արվեստի բացառիկ քանդակներով քարերը կարելի է տեսնել մոտակա թուրքա-քրդաբնակ գյուղի տների և գոմերի պատերի շարվածքում:» 3020:

Hakobyan, Zaruhi (2021). "The Gardens of Eden: Compositional, Iconographic and Semantic Similarities between the 'Birds Mosaic' of the Armenian Chapel in Jerusalem and the Mosaic of the Synagogue at Maʿon (Nirim)".

1981: 1975: 1944: 3500: 638:

arches resting on jambs of twin embedded columns. These columns had carved capitals of jagged, and very stylised, acanthus leaves. The lintel over each door was carved with a strange, swirling palmette motif.

551:Արմ. ճակտոնի հարթության մեջ, խաչաձև լուսամուտների երկու կողմերում, քանդակված են եղել երկու կիսանդրի, վերևում՝ գավաթի մեջ դրված խաղողի ողկույզ կտցահարող զույգ սիրամարգեր: Խորանը ծածկված է եղել որմնանկարներով: 630:

indicate an alteration of the original design. However, there is not an obvious break in construction visible within the surviving fragments of the concrete core - perhaps this change of hue was decorative.

328: 176: 740:Ֆրանսիացի ճարտարապետ Դեսիեն, որը 1839 թ սեպտեմբերին այստեղ ուսումնասիրություններ է կատարել, հատկապես ուշադրություն է դարձրել պայտաձև կամարների վրա ու հանգել այն եզրակացության, որ Տ տտիպիկ հայկական ոճի է: 3060:"Երերույքի տաճարի թվագրման խնդիրը կամ որտեղ են գտնվել Բագարան և Երվանդավան քաղաքները [The problem of dating the basilica of Yereruyk or where the cities of Bagaran and Yervandavan were located]" 539:ա) արտաքին սյունասրահները, բ) այժմյան աբսիդի ներքուստ կորագիծ, արտաքինից բազմանիստ ծավալը, աբսիդին կից սենյակներով, գ) բոլոր ճակատների շքամուտքերը, դ) հյուսիսային ճակատի արտաքին աբսիդը, ե) գմրեթը: 355: 3902: 940:"Տեկորի տաճարի V դարի հայերեն արձանագրությունը և Մեսրոպյան այբուբենի առաջին տառաձևերը [The Armenian Inscription on the Cathedral of Tekor and the Initial Forms of the Mesropian Alphabet]" 2791: 2400: 1471: 641:

All the larger windows were reduced in size at some distant period, possibly during the Bagratid restoration (the external pyramid roof of the dome probably also dates from this restoration).

2027:

building in which the cupola served as the focal point. By the late fifth or early sixth century the basilica of Tekor was modified by the addition of a dome over the central bay of the nave

4415:"Հայաստանի բազիլիկային կառուցվածքների կազմավորումն ու նրանց հետագա զարգացման ընթացքը [The formation of the basilic structures of Armenia and the course of their further development]" 3962: 1829:Գյուղ Կարսի մարզի Կաղզվանի օկրուգում, Նախիջևանի տեղամասում, Կաղ- զըվան գք-ից 33 կմ հս-արլ, Տեկորի գետի աջ ափին: 20-րդ դ սկզբներին ուներ 572 (75 տ) հայ բնակիչ: Դպրոցը հիմնադրվել էր 1890 թ: 2990: 2109:Сохранилась лишь бутобетонная сердцевина северной и восточной стен на высоте около пяти метров. Лицевые камни полностью выкорчеваны из стен и унесены. Видны следы нелегальных раскопок1 . 1419: 1217:

on the irregularity of the pier sections as well as the lack of uniformity in the decoration of the bases; both of which suggest enlargements of previously smaller piers (see Fig. 19).32

2994: 1984: 4346: 2593: 1327:

A number of factors weaken Strzygowski's thesis. First, there are several unresolved questions regarding the building phases of Tekor, making it an unstable point of comparison.66

3114:"Հայոց Մեծ եղեռնը և Արևմտյան Հայաստանի ժողովրդական արվեստի հուշարձանների ճակատագիրը [The Armenian Genocide and the Destiny of the National Monuments in Western Armenia]" 408: 1548:

The cathedral at Ejmiacin and the church at Tekor are the only two large buildings with cupolas that can be said to belong, with some reservations, to the paleo-Christian age.

350: 2725: 2043:"Взаимоотношения и взаимосвязи армянского и грузинского средневекового зодчества [Relationships and connections between Armenian and Georgian medieval architecture]" 1124:) decided to register the church as an immovable cultural property. It noted that the property is "currently in an unprotected state and is in quite a neglected condition." 413: 3947:Տեսարանը հնարավորինս տխուր էր, պատերի վրա գրեթե ոչ մի սրբատաշ քար չէր մնացել, քրդական ամենազազրելի տեսքով խրճիթները մխրճված էին տաճարի մեջ, տարածքն էլ աղբանոցի էր վերածված: 266:: Not far from the Turkish Armenian border, is the church of Tekor built in the fifth century, which contained the oldest Armenian lapidary inscriptions, dated around 480. 2503:"Հայկական ճարտարապետական հուշարձանների ավերումը թուրքերի կողմից (XI–XX դդ.) [The Destruction of Armenian Architectural Monuments by Turks (11th–20th centuries)]" 1800: 3508: 892:

As for the epigraphic evidence, few Armenian inscriptions survive from these early centuries. The oldest is the late fifth-century inscription of the Tekor basilica.

251:

The now scant remains of this important fifth century church stand on a slope overlooking the village of Digor, formerly called Tekor, located 22km southwest of Ani.

1462: 4260: 1767:

In Armenian architecture, it is accepted as the first domed structure of the Tekor Surp Sergius Church together with the Etchmiadzin Cathedral (Donabédian, 2007).

999: 3436: 1952: 1861: 1822:

of the Russian Empire. The village of Tekor (Digor) had a population of over 500 Armenians as of 1913. The Armenian presence came to an permanent end during the

3884: 3724: 269:

The remnants of Sourb Yerordutiun (Holy Trinity) Church, which traces back to the 5th century, are situated at the southern edge of Tekor (now: Digor) Village.

1937: 931:Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանքի այս արձանագրությունը մեզ հասած հայերեն ամենահին գրությունն է և պատկերացում է տալիս մեսրոպյան այբուբենի նախնական տառաձևերի մասին: 3059: 2502: 607:Ունի քառակուսի հատակագիծ, գմբեթը հենվում է ներսից բարձրացող 4 քառակուսի հաստահեղույս, կամարակապ սյուների վրա: Շենքը ներքևի մասում շարված է վարդագույն տուֆով: 3080: 2656: 1319:

Strzygowski first considers the diffusion of barrel vaults through a comparison of the fifth-century Armenian church of Tekor with the Visigothic church of

3113: 915: 3913: 3384: 885: 728: 3282: 3137: 548:Գերակշռել են ականթի, խաղողի որթատունկի և ողկույզների քանդակները, ոճավորված զարդաձևերը, որոնցից մի քանիսն առաջին անգամ են հանդես եկել հայկական արվեստում: 762:

the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography (July 9-11, 2019, Yerevan), Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, pp.342-365, 2021. ffhalshs-03368777f

4394: 323: 3942: 3475: 3300: 3081:"Հայաստանի ճարտարապետության պատմության հիմնովին վերանայման խնդիրը [The Problem of Fundamental Revising the History of Armenian Architecture]" 2408: 131: 2042: 1730:Şeker, Burçin Şenol; Özkaynak, Merve (July 2022). "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Historical Case Study of Armenian Architecture Tekor Church". 4414: 3977: 1320: 954: 939: 657: 719: 458: 542:Դժվար չէ նկատել, որ առանց այդ հավելվածքների Տեկորի տաճարի սկզբնական տեսքը նույնպես ստանում է բոլորովին պարզ կառուցվածք, որպիսին ունենք Քասաղում 473: 1093:

In 1964 the Thierrys did not notice "traces of reuse in modern houses" during their self-described "superficial" field work, but according to

724: 3567: 2792:"Ortaçağ boyunca Kars ve çevresinin tarihi coğrafyası [The Historical Geography of Kars and Its Surroundings During the Middle Ages]" 1423: 1007:

The church is dated back to the 5th century, around the 480s, due to the names mentioned in an inscription that has not survived to our time

491: 463: 626:

According to current opinion, the church was build from the outset as a domed building with a "cross within a rectangular perimeter" plan.

2532: 781:

FIG. 9 The church of Tekor, reconstruction by T'oramanyan. (Donabedian 2013, p. 23). FIG. 33 Tekor - plan. (STRZYGOWSKI 1918, p. 336).

404:

and Vahagn Grigoryan, insist that the building dates back to the pre-Christian (pagan) period and was subsequently converted to a church.

4361: 1580: 1575:

By the late fifth or early sixth century the basilica of Tekor was modified by the addition of a dome over the central bay of the nave

59: 1801:

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Domed-medieval-churches-in-Armenia%3A-form-an-Romanazzi/e30ec99b8fc6fa77adde7aa1bc72efc0647cefee

3006: 3002: 2808: 3973: 3756: 1121: 2546:. Erzurum: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums: 117–118, 128. 1551: 1543: 2067:

Elements of Medieval Armenian architecture and monumental sculpture were used by the author of decorative designs (Tekor, Dvin).

977: 896: 677:

Elements of Medieval Armenian architecture and monumental sculpture were used by the author of decorative designs (Tekor, Dvin).

496: 478: 45: 1389: 1000:

https://journals.ysu.am/index.php/arm-fol-angl/article/download/Vol.15_No.2_2019_pp.135-154/Vol.15_No.2_2019_pp.135-154.pdf/7406

610:Իր վեհ ու գեղեցիկ ոճով Տ տ շատ է տարբեր- վում Շիրակի պատմա-ճարտարապետա- կան մյուս հուշարձաններից: Ունի երեք մուտք' հս, արմ, հր: 100: 2084: 1953:

https://web.archive.org/web/20231106184357/https://raa-am.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%84-N-2.pdf

1584:

to treat it as one of the most important early-Christian buildings in both Armenia and the whole Orbis Christianus (Fig. 1-3).

907: 3840:

The photos were published in a 1972 book on Armenian monuments («Հայկական ճարտարապետութեան յուշարձաններ»), see interview with

3612: 3771: 2774: 2370:"The monument itself was almost entirely destroyed after 1920, its revetment stones being appropriated as building material." 1436: 836: 1196:

churches with these elements and yet no portico, such as the Cathedral of Ejmiacin,25 Zvart‘noc‘, and the Cathedral of Ani.

2852: 2348:

The date is erroneously given as 1911 in some sources, while some sources erroneously state that the collapse was due to a

2307: 1663:

Free standing T-shaped piers and dome added in the 6th or 7th c. Portico on three sides. Small apse at end of north porch.

1086:

during artillery exercises in 1956. The facing stones of what remained of the church were removed by the 1960s. Nicole and

568:քառամույթ գմբեթավոր հորինվածք, որի շնորհիվ այն քրիստոնեաական ճարտարապետության մեջ տվյալ տիպի հնագույն թվագրված կառույցն է: 370: 277: 996: 4268: 3575: 695:

argued that the basilica, particularly its "the decorative details, including horseshoe arches, are so close to those of

4272: 3810: 2024: 378:); and a certain Uran Horom (Ուրան Հոռոմ) as founders. Based on the inscription, the church has been dated to the 480s. 3249: 2816: 2465: 1563: 1375: 281: 2834: 3818: 3732: 3651: 3608: 3447: 3278: 3034: 2766: 1530: 1492: 1402: 803: 1408: 882:

and dated on the basis of the historical personages mentioned to the end of the 5th century (Yosép'ian 1913: 5-6).

3711:(1985). "The Destruction of Armenian Historical Monuments as a Continuation of the Turkish Policy of Genocide". In 2145:

An Investigation of an Important Armenian Church Architecture in terms of Urban Identity: Digor Khtzkong Monastery

2038: 545:Հարուստ հարդարանք են ունեցել արտաքին ճակատները, սյունասրահների որմնասյուները, շքամուտքերը, լուսամուտների պսակները: 3643: 1988:Տեկորի տաճարի հյուսիսային ճակատը, Գրքի էջի լուսանկար է Տեկորի տաճարի գծապատկերով, 1941թ., լուսանկարիչ Ե. Ղուկասյան 1540:

TEKOR page 165: Saint Sergius or Holy Trinity pages 55 to 60, 62, 70, 495, 502, 514, 517, 522, 529, 545, 584, 585

4419: 3366: 3333: 3118: 2668: 2568: 840: 4328: 3638:(1994). "Unpublished Documents on Medieval Monuments of Shirak: The Church of Tekor". In Karakhanyan, G. (ed.). 2139:

Contextual Analysis of Church Architecture; Centralism: A Characteristic Feature of Eastern Church Architecture

1842:По данным «Кавказского календаря» на 1916 год, к 1915 году в городе проживало 1 000 человек, в основном армян. 1793:

form and construction. Proceedings of Actas del Sexto Congreso Naional de Historia de la Construccion, Valencia.

1165: 955:"Ո՞վ է Տեկորի արձանագրության հազարապետ Մանանը [Who is the hazarapet Manan in the inscription of Tekor]" 2171: 794: 785: 2284:Ա. Քալանթար, Հայաստան. Քարե դարից միջնադար, երկերի ժողովածու, (խմբագրությամբ Արամ Քալանթարյանի), Երևան, 2007 1679:

Conversion from a basilica to a domed basilica in 6th or 7th c. Dome exterior reconstructed in 10th century.

3811:"Notes sur des monuments arméniens en Turquie (1964) [Notes on Armenian Monuments in Turkey (1964)]" 922:

This inscription was the oldest known example of Armenian lettering and ran, unusually, from bottom to top.

3483: 2945: 124: 3147:(in Armenian) (2). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Committee for Cultural Relations with the Armenians Abroad: 41. 2860: 2242: 346: 3827: 2215: 2202: 1911: 749:

1911 թ. Թորոս Թորամանյանը գրում է. “Ըստ իս՝ Տեկորի, Քասախի տաճարները պարզապէս հեթանոսական մեհեաններ են”

3752: 3432: 3338: 2753: 2302: 2245: 2218: 2205: 2166: 2133:"Culmination of a late antique legacy? The Golden age of Armenian architecture in the seventh century" 1098: 883: 712: 1241: 1454: 832: 671: 64: 1280:

While we cannot go into the intricacies of the epigraphic evidence here, we should note that one of

1066:

wrote that even in ruins, Tekor was "still massive and impressive." In August 1920, just before the

4376: 3675: 3399: 3085: 3064: 2664: 2507: 1823: 1067: 944: 662: 3579: 2261: 1887: 1868: 1671:

Now completely destroyed. In photos taken before World War I, it was standing complete with dome.

3903:"Seyyahların Gözüyle Karşı Gravürleri [Engravings of Kars through the Eyes of Travelers]" 2881: 2721: 2156: 2050: 1875: 1367: 21: 1899: 574:Տեկորի ... վաղագույն թվագրված քառամույթ գմբեթավոր եկեղեցին է քրիստոնեական ճարտարապետությունում: 1552:

https://archive.org/details/thierry-1989-armenian-art/page/56/mode/1up?view=theater&q=tekor

1544:

https://archive.org/details/thierry-1989-armenian-art/page/55/mode/1up?view=theater&q=tekor

959: 2211:Հայկական ճարտարապետության հարցերը Նիկողայոս Մառի աշխատություններում (ծննդյան 120-ամյակի առթիվ) 2122: 978:

https://bpb-us-e2.wpmucdn.com/sites.uci.edu/dist/c/347/files/2020/01/e-sasanika3-Greenwood.pdf

897:

http://serials.flib.sci.am/Founders/Hayoc%20grer-%20Acharyan/book/index.html#page/480/mode/1up

4298: 3791:

In 1956 the church of Tekor became the target of the Turkish army during artillery exercises.

3315: 2562: 1079: 782: 3482:(in Russian). Armenian Museum of Moscow and Culture of Nations. July 2, 2020. Archived from 2281: 2085:

https://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/article/pdfs/Ani%20in%20Context%20Report%20Final.pdf

1923: 1560: 1512: 3909: 3385:"Epigraphy in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century Armenia: Inscriptions as Bridges and Boundaries" 3133: 2074: 1722:· 2001 - Medieval Armenian Architecture: Constructions of Race and Nation, pp. 48, 50, 113 1603: 1385: 1247: 1083: 469: 365: 2820: 2142: 1797: 8: 3806: 3635: 3178: 2940: 2193: 1848:Տաճար (եկեղեցի, վանք) Կարսի մարզի Կաղզվանի օկրուգում, Նախիջևանի տեղամասում, Տեկոր գ-ում: 1516: 1508: 1132: 1087: 1071: 1025: 692: 658:"Տեկորի տաճարի կտիտորական բարձրաքանդակը [The Ketitor Relief of the Tekor Church]" 653: 453:. By this time it was known as the Holy Trinity Church (Ս. Երրորդություն). The period of 301: 3783: 1836: 1655:

Stylobate indicates very early origins for foundation. Inscription at Western entrance.

4410: 3841: 3679: 3223: 2148: 2081: 1330:

Very little, then, encourages a direct connection between Tekor and San Juan de Baños.

997:

https://journals.ysu.am/index.php/arm-fol-angl/article/view/Vol.15_No.2_2019_pp.135-154

484: 342: 4390: 2094:

Ani in Context Workshop. September 28-October 5, 2013, Kars, Turkey. New York, 2014.

925:Տ-ի վրա պահպանված վիմագրերը հայկական գրերի (երկաթագիր) հնագույն նմուշներ են (5-րդ դ): 4324: 4256: 3921:

Bugün de kalıntılar köylülerin kümes ve eşyalarını koyacağı bir yer haline gelmiştir.

3775: 3728: 3712: 3708: 3647: 3600: 3596: 3563: 3451: 3411: 3380: 3148: 3030: 2770: 2710: 2547: 2224: 2025:

https://cah.fresnostate.edu/armenianstudies/resources/artsofarmenia/architecture.html

2008: 1751: 1719: 1622: 1526: 1488: 1432: 1398: 1371: 1359: 1251: 1237: 1161: 1153: 1063: 1010: 990: 426: 305: 285: 263: 220: 2174:

Francesco Gandolfo, Le Basiliche armene. IV-VII secolo sem-linkThierry Jean-Michel

1564:

https://archive.org/details/thierry-1989-armenian-art/page/516/mode/1up?view=theater

4286: 3870: 3403: 3329: 3296: 3215: 3206: 3026: 2986: 2349: 1743: 1590: 1480: 1109: 987: 935: 903: 875: 708: 454: 401: 390: 257:Անիից մոտ 20 կմ հարավ-արևմուտք, Ախուրյանի վտակ Տեկորի աջ ափին (այժմ՝ Թուրքիայում): 3301:"The Rock Inscriptions and Graffiti Project of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem" 2275: 1839:село Дигор (Дикор): 360 Armenians: 249 (69,2%), Kurds 88 (24,4%), Turks 23 (6,4%) 1715:

Subsequent restorations occurred in the course of the 11th to the 14th centuries.

565:

This church is now generally held to be the earliest known domed Armenian church.

4342: 3407: 2890: 2652: 2588: 2498: 1864: 1832: 1522: 1243:

Medieval Armenian Architecture in historiography: Josef Strygowski and His Legacy

1101:, under Turkish control, its stones were gradually removed by local peasants and 1094: 394: 379: 318: 172: 17: 3642:. Translated by V.G. Gurzadyan. Neuchâtel: Recherches et Publications. pp. 2864: 1585: 1391:Հայկական ճարտարապետության պատմություն [History of Armenian Architecture] 4294: 3358: 2136: 1857: 1815: 446: 3023:

Apocryphal and Esoteric Sources in the Development of Christianity and Judaism

2060:Вероятно, к VII в. относится и возведение купола над базиликой V в. в Текоре 1048: 397:, and completed in the late 400s as a domed church supported by four pillars. 3856: 3779: 3455: 3415: 3186: 3152: 2551: 1755: 859: 232: 146: 133: 3476:"Утерянное наследие Западной Армении: монастырь Хцконк и Текорская базилика" 3259: 2473: 1255: 852: 699:

churches as to suggest the activity in Armenia of Cappadocian mason crews."

4333: 2838: 2172:

https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_0766-5598_1985_num_43_1_2179_t1_0305_0000_2

1747: 795:

https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_0766-5598_1985_num_43_1_2179_t1_0305_0000_2

786:

https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/strzygowski1918bd1/0352/image,info

758: 210: 39: 3274: 1819: 228: 87: 4420:

Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences

2238:Թօրամանեան, Թ. (1912), Ուսումնասիրելի նիւթեր հայ ճարտարապետութեան համար 3227: 3201: 2885: 2404: 971: 696: 434: 430: 361: 334: 313: 2243:

https://web.archive.org/web/20160507030230/http://ethno.asj-oa.am/616/

3720: 2216:

https://web.archive.org/web/20170526014251/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4191/

2203:

https://web.archive.org/web/20170528005854/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5001/

1957:Պատկերազարդումը տես 528–529-րդ էջերի միջև՝ ներդիրում, աղյուսակ XVI։ 442: 375: 338: 3847:"Պատմաբան Երուանդ Փամպուքեան` Տեկորի Եւ Խձկոնքի Եկեղեցիներուն Մասին" 3488:Текорская базилика. Фотограф Г. Овсепян, 1912. Музей истории Армении 3219: 2246:

https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/116733/edition/106463/content

2219:

https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/190914/edition/173397/content

2206:

https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/191363/edition/173815/content

2167:

https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/116797/edition/106517/content

2130: 1034: 824: 3879: 2853:"Տեկորի Սբ. Երրորդության ավերակ եկեղեցին (Զ-րդ դարի Ա կեսի օրերից)" 2198:Հայկական վաղ միջնադարյան ճարտարապետության կազմավորման երկու փուլերը 2181: 1843: 974:

A Corpus of Early Medieval Armenian Inscriptions Timothy Greenwood

674: 506: 386: 296: 3976:

Kars Regional Cultural Heritage Preservation Board. Archived from

2667:

Institute for Armenian Studies. pp. 1002–1003. Archived from

2064: 1431:(in Armenian). Yerevan State University Publishing. pp. XXX. 3363:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Volume 1

3202:"Zvart'nots and the Origins of Christian Architecture in Armenia" 2985: 2115: 1739: 515: 450: 438: 316:

of its western entrance, it was built in the late 5th century by

1425:Հայոց պաշտամունքային վայրեր [Armenian places of worship] 1158:

Medieval Armenian Architecture: Constructions of Race and Nation

571:...Տեկորի տաճարը՝ հայկական առաջին գմբեթավոր բազիլիկ եկեղեցին... 382:

suggested construction between 478 and 490. Originally a triple-

3254: 2886:"L'architecture arménienne dans ses rapports avec l'art syrien" 2262:

https://www.matenadaran.am/ftp/el_gradaran/K.Matevosyan_Ani.pdf

1113: 1102: 511: 419: 3691: 3689: 3640:

Armenia From the Stone Age to the Middle Ages: Selected Papers

2239: 2163: 3851: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2999:Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան Volume V 3934: 3874: 3846: 3686: 3667: 2123:

https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.AT.1.103111

1996: 383: 4237: 4225: 4138: 3935:"Տեկորի տաճարի արժեքի մասին շատ եմ խոսում դասերիս ժամանակ" 3889:...կարելի է ասել` տաճարի տեղում (որը մի քրդի տան բակ է)... 2675: 1969:Խոսրովանույշ թագուհու արձանագրությունը Տեկորի տաճարի պատին 871:

File:Տեկորի տաճարի արձանագրությունը, 480-ական թթ., ՀՊԹ.jpg

783:

https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/strzygowski1918ga

472:, released Tekor of taxes, which was reconfirmed by Queen 3159: 2282:

https://arar.sci.am/publication/190843/edition/173331/100

1814:

In the early 20th century, the church was located in the

733:

Mapp Н․, Ереруйская базилика, Е․, 1968․ Ս․ Մնացական յան․

4104: 4102: 4089: 4087: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4009: 4007: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3437:"The Condition of Armenian Monuments in Western Armenia" 2837:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. Archived from 1945:Տեկորի տաճարը, XX դ. սկիզբ, լուսանկարիչ Թորոս Թորամանյան 1604:

https://books.google.am/books?id=B5RQAQAAMAAJ&pg=270

2361:

The date is erroneously given as 1936 in some sources.

2143:

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jhf/issue/79861/1348131

2103:Состояние во время работы Текорской экспедиции 1920 г. 1798:

http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CNHC6_%20(113).pdf

510:, abbot of Tekor, was killed while resisting attacking 4317: 4305: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4162: 4150: 3093: 1451:Искусство стран и народов мира. 1: Австралия - Египет 980:

Sasanian Reflections inArmenian Sources TIM GREENWOOD

744:ասել է թե՝ V դարի վերջին կամ VI դարի սկզբին” 2 : 4393:

named "nisanyan" is not used in the content (see the

4126: 4114: 4099: 4084: 4065: 4053: 4036: 4019: 4004: 3987: 1837:

http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/tnaxichevan1886.html

1790:

Romanazzi, H 2009. Domed medieval churches in Armenia

4334:

Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects

2797:(in Turkish). Kars: Kafkas Üniversitesi. p. 62. 2184:Վտանգված եզակի մշակութային կառույց՝ Երերույքի տաճար 2149:

https://ph.pollub.pl/index.php/bia/article/view/3820

2082:

https://www.wmf.org/publication/ani-context-workshop

1806:

depredation of the monument during the 20th century

4186: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 3974:Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism 3957: 3955: 3001:(in Armenian). Yerevan University Press. pp. 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 457:also saw the granting of privileges. In 971 Queen 429:restored and renovated the church by replaced its 201: 3855:(in Armenian). September 25, 2015. Archived from 3717:The Crime of Silence: Permanent Peoples' Tribunal 3250:"Ինչպես Տեկորի տաճարն ավերվեց 1912թ. երկրաշարժից" 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3138:"Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան [Alexander Tamanian]" 1507: 645:a semicircular niche, probably a baptismal font. 260:located on the hillside in the district of Tekor 3053: 3051: 3049: 2981: 2466:"The Tekor Basilica: The Church of Saint Sargis" 1645:IV or V c. foundations. VI or VII present form. 1016: 806:created a digital reconstruction of the church. 389:, it construction was halted in 481–484, during 284:and Armenia's Foreign Ministry as an example of 107: 3952: 3875:"Տեկորի տաճարի ... նկարները ես եմ արել 2013-ին" 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2902: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2276:https://tert.nla.am/mamul/horizon1909/1912.html 1418: 714:Պատմական հայ ճարտարապետութիւն: Ա: Տեկորի տաճարը 312:According to the foundation inscription on the 291: 3805: 3801: 3799: 3234: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2533:"Tekor (Digor) Katedrali/Surp Sarkis Kilisesi" 2280:Աշխարհբեկ Քալանթար (Ծննդյան 100-ամյակի առթիվ) 1833:http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnturkey.html 487:in 1008, 1014, and 1018 and by by the wife of 4329:"An Outline History of Armenian Architecture" 3695: 3591: 3589: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3046: 2759:Another Genocide After the Genocide, Volume 1 2690: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 1729: 1586:http://czasopisma.kul.pl/vp/article/view/3516 1445: 1040:from the northwest before the 1912 earthquake 514:. In the 19th century, the monastery had 300 418:accused Hovhannes (John), abbot of Tekor, of 4291:A History of the Holy Eastern Church. Part I 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 2958: 2939: 2696: 2556:Tekor (Digor) Katedrali/Surp Sarkis Kilisesi 2480: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2137:https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_76366_en.html 1297:wall on the lower level in order to support 1054:from the southwest after the 1912 earthquake 912:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing. 652: 276:Its destruction, along with other pieces of 242:Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանքի per Hasratyan 3796: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3177: 3132: 3041:...the church in Tekor (480s, destroyed)... 2715:"When Does Genocide End? The Armenian Case" 2600: 1732:Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 1384: 934: 437:, narrowed the windows, removed the ruined 254:Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանք, Տեկորի տաճար 4323: 3963:"Karar [Decision] 16.10.2019-2588" 3869: 3751: 3595: 3586: 3431: 3427: 3425: 3199: 3183:Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture 2752: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 1581:John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin 1521:. Translated by Celestine Dars. New York: 909:Հայոց գրերը [The Armenian Letters] 707: 38: 4359: 3707: 3562: 3521: 3111: 3078: 3057: 2876: 2874: 2709: 2651: 2497: 2415: 1985:լուսանկարիչ Թորոս Թորամանյան, XX դ. սկիզբ 1982:լուսանկարիչ Թորոս Թորամանյան, XX դ. սկիզբ 1976:XX դ. սկիզբ, լուսանկարիչ Թորոս Թորամանյան 952: 248:Տեկորի Ս. Սարգիս վկայարանը (478–490 թթ.) 4409: 4311: 3932: 3634: 3619: 3272: 3247: 3200:Kleinbauer, W. Eugene (September 1972). 3165: 3099: 3019: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2037: 902: 759:https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03368777/ 449:depicting grapes and vines, humans, and 295: 4243: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4093: 4078: 4059: 4047: 4030: 4013: 3998: 3422: 3379: 3357:Terian, Abraham (1997). "Armenian". In 3308:Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies 2735: 2531:Keskin, Candaş, ed. (May 11–15, 2015). 1635:In the region of Kars, Western Turkey. 1625:Type: Three aisled basilica with dome. 1358: 1236: 1152: 1122:Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism 1120:Heritage Preservation Board (under the 14: 3356: 2880: 2871: 2530: 1979:Տեկորի տաճարի արևմտյան մուտքի բարավորը 1479: 4285: 4255: 3772:Armenian National Academy of Sciences 3328: 3295: 3248:Asatryan, Armen (December 14, 2020). 2789: 2661:from "Christian Armenia" Encyclopedia 2581: 2515: 1082:and was deliberately targeted by the 1078:The church was further damaged by an 684: 613:Շենքը ներսից ունեցել է որմնանկարներ: 518:that were all rented out as of 1888. 3900: 3365:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3273:Frankian, Pargev (October 2, 2015). 2308:Armenian cultural heritage in Turkey 1973:Վիմագրիր արձանագրություն (դրոշմատիպ) 972:https://www.jstor.org/stable/3591380 278:Armenian cultural heritage in Turkey 227:) is a destroyed Armenian church in 4385: 4269:California State University, Fresno 3576:California State University, Fresno 1364:The Art of Armenia: An Introduction 27: 4345:(condensed from notes in French): 3933:Shalunts, Narine (7 August 2022). 2817:Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute 2540:33. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 2331:Referred to in Turkish sources as 1991:Հեղինակ՝ Ճարտ՝ Ռաֆայել Իսրայելյան 282:Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute 28: 4434: 3609:Armenian General Benevolent Union 3448:Research on Armenian Architecture 3279:Research on Armenian Architecture 3275:"Տեկորի տաճար ․․․Վերակազմություն" 2767:Research on Armenian Architecture 2288:Շահէն Յովսէփեան Shahen Hovsepian 2253:Շահէն Յովսէփեան Shahen Hovsepian 2131:https://hal.science/hal-04183698/ 804:Research on Armenian Architecture 3912:. pp. 34–35. Archived from 2182:https://hetq.am/hy/article/90753 1936: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1886: 1874: 1844:https://www.prlib.ru/item/417321 1047: 1033: 851: 823: 675:https://www.gov.am/en/building/# 425:In the 10th-11th centuries, the 106: 99: 4403: 4353: 4279: 4249: 3926: 3894: 3863: 3834: 3745: 3701: 3660: 3515: 3493: 3468: 3462: 3373: 3350: 3322: 3289: 3266: 3193: 3171: 3126: 3119:Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri 3105: 3072: 3013: 2845: 2827: 2801: 2783: 2582:Orman, Mustafa (20 July 2021). 2472:. June 14, 2005. Archived from 2373: 2364: 2355: 2342: 2065:https://www.gov.am/am/building/ 1971:, լուսանկարիչ Թորոս Թորամանյան 1487:. University of Chicago Press. 802:In 2015 Pargev Frankian of the 528: 504:In the 17th century, Hovhannes 4261:"Arts of Armenia-Architecture" 2657:"Տեկորի Ս. Երրորդություն վանք" 2575: 2393: 2325: 2116:https://doi.org/10.2307/989892 1999:Տեկորի տաճարի արևելյան աբսիդը 1397:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Luys. 986:Album of Armenian Paleography 809: 778:Strzygowski 1918, pp. 335-341 717:(in Armenian). Tiflis: Hermes. 13: 1: 3941:(in Armenian). Archived from 3883:(in Armenian). Archived from 3757:"Genocide after the Genocide" 3572:armenianstudies.csufresno.edu 3507:(in Armenian). Archived from 3334:"Sinai Armenian Inscriptions" 3258:(in Armenian). Archived from 2313: 2187: 1103:used as construction material 1017:Destruction and current state 409:Hovhannes (John) III of Odzun 345:. The inscription also names 187: 3819:Revue des Études Arméniennes 3574:. Armenian Studies Program, 2946:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia 2592:(in Turkish). Archived from 577: 351:Hovhannes (John) I Mandakuni 308:from the early 20th century. 292:Foundation and later history 7: 2861:National Gallery of Armenia 2567:: CS1 maint: date format ( 2296: 2240:http://ethno.asj-oa.am/616/ 2164:http://ethno.asj-oa.am/318/ 1485:Armenia: A Historical Atlas 1108:According to art historian 895:Acharian: oldest (p. 476) 666:(in Armenian) (4): 206–216. 48:before the 1912 earthquake. 10: 4439: 3970:korumakurullari.ktb.gov.tr 3809:; Thierry, Nicole (1965). 3408:10.46991/AFA/2019.15.2.135 3339:The Biblical Archaeologist 3318:Asien-Afrika-Institut: 52. 3145:Sovetakan Hayastan Monthly 3079:Grigoryan, Vahagn (2014). 3058:Grigoryan, Vahagn (2018). 2303:List of destroyed heritage 1809: 1449:(1962). "Армянская ССР ". 1147: 953:Mouradian, Paruir (2007). 702: 400:Some researchers, such as 4423:(in Armenian) (3): 63–88. 4360:Ghazaryan, Armen (2015). 3696:Şeker & Özkaynak 2022 3392:Armenian Folia Anglistika 3089:(in Armenian) (1): 17–18. 2943:(1985). "Տեկորի տաճար ". 2691:Şeker & Özkaynak 2022 1851: 1455:Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya 1080:earthquake on May 1, 1935 948:(in Armenian) (2): 39–54. 833:History Museum of Armenia 672:Government House, Yerevan 239:St. Sarkis Holy Trinity 224: 197: 182: 167: 162: 123: 94: 83: 78: 70: 65:Armenian Apostolic Church 58: 53: 37: 32: 4377:Yerevan State University 4265:Armenian Studies Program 3676:Yerevan State University 3400:Yerevan State University 3086:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 3065:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 2665:Yerevan State University 2508:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 2054:(in Russian) (4): 41–53. 1997:https://archive.ph/SyaoN 1352: 945:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 663:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 368:of the church; Manan, a 280:, has been cited by the 3605:Architecture in Armenia 3381:Redgate, Anne Elizabeth 3122:(in Armenian) (1): 101. 3068:(in Armenian) (1): 219. 2991:Melik-Bakhshian, St. T. 2950:(in Armenian). p. 2722:Sonoma State University 2051:Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1463:Hovhannes Khalpakhchian 1420:Melik-Bakhshyan, Stepan 1368:Oxford University Press 1230: 360:; Hovhannes, bishop of 147:40.374361°N 43.412333°E 4391:list-defined reference 3764:Fundamental Armenology 3112:Avetisyan, E. (2015). 2002: 1748:10.2478/ceer-2022-0018 1453:(in Russian). Moscow: 393:'s revolt against the 309: 231:(historically Tekor), 125:Geographic coordinates 3316:University of Hamburg 2790:Temel, Feray (2011). 1667:State of Preservation 1447:Khalpakhchian, O. Kh. 1386:Harutyunyan, Varazdat 299: 235:, in eastern Turkey. 4369:Armenological Issues 4341:(19). Translated by 4275:on 25 February 2024. 3945:on 30 October 2023. 3919:on 6 November 2023. 3910:Kastamonu University 3901:Ezen, Recep (2020). 3887:on 30 October 2023. 3873:(October 26, 2017). 3807:Thierry, Jean-Michel 3668:"Աշխարհբեկ Քալանթար" 3636:Kalantar, Ashkharbek 3568:"TEKOR: St. Sarkiss" 3511:on 25 November 2022. 3486:on 4 November 2023. 3262:on 25 November 2022. 3179:Krautheimer, Richard 2941:Mnatsakanian, Stepan 2075:World Monuments Fund 1824:Turkish–Armenian War 1509:Thierry, Jean-Michel 1248:Princeton University 1068:Turkish–Armenian War 654:Mnatsakanian, Stepan 152:40.374361; 43.412333 4411:Sahinian, Alexander 4234:, pp. 274–275. 4147:, pp. 120–121. 3983:on 8 November 2023. 3682:on 4 November 2023. 3285:on 30 October 2023. 2867:on 3 November 2023. 2835:"Cultural Genocide" 2809:"Cultural Genocide" 2731:on 6 November 2023. 2194:Stepan Mnatsakanian 1513:Donabédian, Patrick 1457:. pp. 100–133. 1160:. Leuven: Peeters. 1133:Ashkharbek Kalantar 1088:Jean-Michel Thierry 1072:Ashkharbek Kalantar 1024:Photos of Tekor by 693:Richard Krautheimer 245:Ս. Սարգսի վկայարան 143: / 115:Shown within Turkey 4257:Kouymjian, Dickran 4246:, p. 282-283. 3842:Yervant Pamboukian 3713:Libaridian, Gerard 3709:Kouymjian, Dickran 3601:Kurkjian, Vahan M. 3597:Fetvadjian, Arshag 3564:Kouymjian, Dickran 3433:Karapetyan, Samvel 2997:(2001). "Տեկոր ". 2995:Barseghian, H. Kh. 2813:genocide-museum.am 2769:. pp. 70–71. 2754:Karapetyan, Samvel 2713:(March 11, 2003). 2711:Kouymjian, Dickran 2589:Independent Türkçe 2476:on March 22, 2020. 2157:fr:Frédéric Macler 1561:Patrick Donabédian 1414:on 2 January 2022. 1360:Maranci, Christina 1238:Maranci, Christina 1154:Maranci, Christina 863: 844: 685:Syrian/Cappadocian 407:In 724 Catholicos 374:("thousandman" or 310: 186:late 5th century ( 4287:Neale, John Mason 3917:(Master's Thesis) 3871:Matevosyan, Karen 3859:on 18 March 2016. 3753:Karapetyan, S. G. 3582:on 27 March 2003. 3330:Stone, Michael E. 3297:Stone, Michael E. 3168:, pp. 63–64. 3136:(February 1946). 2776:978-9939-843-26-1 2596:on 9 August 2022. 2411:on 2 August 2022. 2225:Arshak Fetvadjian 2009:Arshak Fetvadjian 1720:Christina Maranci 1659:Important Details 1649:Evidence For Date 1623:Dickran Kouymjian 1481:Hewsen, Robert H. 1438:978-5-8084-1068-8 1321:San Juan de Baños 1099:Samvel Karapetyan 1064:Dickran Kouymjian 1026:Garegin Hovsepian 1011:Elizabeth Redgate 991:Dickran Kouymjian 936:Ghafadarian, Karo 904:Acharian, Hrachia 858: 830: 709:Toramanian, Toros 306:Arshak Fetvadjian 286:cultural genocide 264:Dickran Kouymjian 207: 206: 4430: 4424: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4381: 4380: 4366: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4271:. Archived from 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4097: 4091: 4082: 4076: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4034: 4028: 4017: 4011: 4002: 3996: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3967: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3815: 3803: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3782:. Archived from 3761: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3684: 3683: 3678:. Archived from 3664: 3658: 3657: 3632: 3617: 3616: 3593: 3584: 3583: 3578:. Archived from 3560: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3441: 3429: 3420: 3419: 3389: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3305: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3281:. Archived from 3270: 3264: 3263: 3245: 3232: 3231: 3207:The Art Bulletin 3197: 3191: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3142: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3027:Brill Publishers 3017: 3011: 3010: 2987:Hakobian, T. Kh. 2983: 2956: 2955: 2937: 2900: 2899: 2882:Macler, Frédéric 2878: 2869: 2868: 2863:. Archived from 2849: 2843: 2842: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2819:. Archived from 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2764: 2750: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2724:. Archived from 2719: 2707: 2694: 2688: 2673: 2672: 2653:Hasratyan, Murad 2649: 2598: 2597: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2566: 2558: 2537: 2528: 2513: 2512: 2499:Hasratyan, Murad 2495: 2478: 2477: 2462: 2413: 2412: 2407:. Archived from 2397: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2350:lightning strike 2346: 2340: 2329: 2055: 2047: 1943:view from south 1940: 1926: 1914: 1902: 1890: 1878: 1759: 1591:John Mason Neale 1536: 1498: 1475: 1458: 1442: 1430: 1415: 1413: 1407:. Archived from 1396: 1381: 1370:. pp. XXX. 1259: 1171: 1110:Karen Matevosyan 1084:Turkish military 1051: 1037: 993:Henning Lehmann 988:Michael E. Stone 968: 949: 913: 876:Michael E. Stone 855: 827: 737:մենագրությունը: 718: 667: 500: 482: 467: 455:Bagratid Armenia 417: 402:Toros Toramanian 391:Vahan Mamikonian 359: 332: 324:Sahak Kamsarakan 226: 192: 189: 177:Sahak Kamsarakan 158: 157: 155: 154: 153: 148: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 110: 109: 103: 42: 30: 29: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4406: 4401: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4322: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4284: 4280: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4206: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4100: 4092: 4085: 4077: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4037: 4029: 4020: 4012: 4005: 3997: 3988: 3980: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3931: 3927: 3916: 3905: 3899: 3895: 3868: 3864: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3813: 3804: 3797: 3789:on 2020-05-10. 3786: 3759: 3750: 3746: 3735: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3687: 3674:(in Armenian). 3666: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3633: 3620: 3594: 3587: 3561: 3522: 3516: 3501:"Տեկորի տաճարը" 3499: 3498: 3494: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3439: 3430: 3423: 3387: 3378: 3374: 3359:Meyers, Eric M. 3355: 3351: 3327: 3323: 3303: 3299:(Spring 2015). 3294: 3290: 3277:(in Armenian). 3271: 3267: 3246: 3235: 3220:10.2307/3048994 3198: 3194: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3140: 3134:Harutyunyan, V. 3131: 3127: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3077: 3073: 3056: 3047: 3037: 3029:. p. 606. 3018: 3014: 2984: 2959: 2938: 2903: 2879: 2872: 2859:(in Armenian). 2851: 2850: 2846: 2841:on 14 May 2020. 2833: 2832: 2828: 2823:on 14 May 2020. 2807: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2788: 2784: 2777: 2762: 2751: 2736: 2728: 2717: 2708: 2697: 2689: 2676: 2663:(in Armenian). 2650: 2601: 2580: 2576: 2560: 2559: 2535: 2529: 2516: 2496: 2481: 2464: 2463: 2416: 2403:(in Armenian). 2399: 2398: 2394: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2343: 2333:Tekor Katedrali 2330: 2326: 2316: 2299: 2286: 2269: 2267: 2250: 2230: 2223: 2221: 2208: 2190: 2162: 2129: 2112: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2089: 2070: 2063: 2045: 2039:Yakobson, A. L. 2033: 2030: 2021: 2005: 1993: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1930: 1927: 1918: 1915: 1906: 1903: 1894: 1891: 1882: 1879: 1865:Ghevont Alishan 1863:/reproduced in 1854: 1812: 1803: 1786: 1766: 1725: 1717: 1675:Reconstructions 1621: 1610: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1549: 1533: 1523:Harry N. Abrams 1504: 1502: 1495: 1476: 1465: 1439: 1428: 1411: 1405: 1394: 1378: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1318: 1305: 1302: 1283: 1278: 1267: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1205: 1193: 1186: 1184: 1168: 1150: 1143: 1130: 1129: 1095:Murad Hasratyan 1059: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1029: 1028: 1019: 1006: 969: 963:(in Armenian). 950: 893: 889: 868: 867: 866: 865: 864: 862:in Ghafandaryan 856: 847: 846: 845: 828: 819: 818: 812: 801: 792: 790: 776: 775: 757: 754: 734: 705: 687: 680: 670: 668: 619: 616: 601: 588: 580: 557: 540: 531: 526: 521: 494: 476: 461: 411: 395:Sasanian Empire 380:Murad Hasratyan 353: 326: 294: 289: 274: 238: 190: 151: 149: 145: 142: 137: 134: 132: 130: 129: 119: 118: 117: 116: 113: 112: 111: 49: 26: 25: 24: 18:User:Yerevantsi 12: 11: 5: 4436: 4426: 4425: 4405: 4402: 4383: 4382: 4371:(in Russian). 4352: 4343:Lethaby, W. R. 4325:Fetvadjian, A. 4316: 4304: 4295:Joseph Masters 4278: 4248: 4236: 4224: 4222:, p. 274. 4212: 4185: 4183:, p. 158. 4173: 4171:, p. 157. 4161: 4159:, p. 156. 4149: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4098: 4083: 4064: 4052: 4035: 4018: 4003: 3986: 3972:(in Turkish). 3951: 3925: 3908:(in Turkish). 3893: 3862: 3833: 3795: 3744: 3733: 3700: 3685: 3659: 3652: 3618: 3585: 3520: 3514: 3492: 3467: 3461: 3435:, ed. (2010). 3421: 3372: 3349: 3321: 3288: 3265: 3233: 3192: 3189:. p. 230. 3170: 3158: 3125: 3104: 3092: 3071: 3045: 3035: 3012: 2957: 2901: 2870: 2844: 2826: 2800: 2782: 2775: 2734: 2695: 2674: 2671:on 7 May 2020. 2599: 2574: 2542:(in Turkish). 2514: 2479: 2470:virtualani.org 2414: 2401:"Տեկորի տաճար" 2391: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2354: 2341: 2337:Tekor Kilisesi 2323: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2298: 2295: 2236: 2235: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2189: 2186: 2160: 2159: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2079: 2078: 2058: 2057: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2004: 2001: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1873: 1871: 1858:Charles Texier 1853: 1850: 1816:Kagizman okrug 1811: 1808: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1764: 1763: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1676: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1660: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1615: 1614: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1531: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1443: 1437: 1416: 1403: 1382: 1377:978-0190269005 1376: 1354: 1351: 1340: 1275: 1261: 1260: 1246:(PhD thesis). 1232: 1229: 1214: 1213: 1202: 1190: 1181: 1166: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1126: 1053: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1015: 951: 933: 920: 919: 891: 857: 850: 849: 848: 829: 822: 821: 820: 816: 815: 814: 813: 811: 808: 772: 732: 704: 701: 686: 683: 651: 579: 576: 563: 562: 538: 530: 527: 523: 293: 290: 275: 271: 214: 213: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 184: 180: 179: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 127: 121: 120: 114: 105: 104: 98: 97: 96: 95: 92: 91: 85: 81: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 56: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4435: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4396: 4392: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4314:, p. 70. 4313: 4312:Sahinian 1953 4308: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4165: 4158: 4153: 4146: 4141: 4135:, p. 67. 4134: 4129: 4123:, p. 65. 4122: 4117: 4111:, p. 52. 4110: 4105: 4103: 4096:, p. 51. 4095: 4090: 4088: 4081:, p. 50. 4080: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4062:, p. 34. 4061: 4056: 4050:, p. 53. 4049: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4033:, p. 52. 4032: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4016:, p. 50. 4015: 4010: 4008: 4001:, p. 48. 4000: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3822:(in French). 3821: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3734:0-86232-424-6 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3698:, p. 40. 3697: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3655: 3653:2-940032-01-7 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3188: 3187:Penguin Books 3184: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3166:Sahinian 1953 3162: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3102:, p. 69. 3101: 3100:Sahinian 1953 3096: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3036:9789004445925 3032: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2898:(4): 253–263. 2897: 2894:(in French). 2893: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2793: 2786: 2778: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2693:, p. 39. 2692: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2351: 2345: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2053: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2013:Tekor, Ereuyk 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1925: 1920: 1917:cross section 1913: 1908: 1901: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1877: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1534: 1532:0-8109-0625-2 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1496: 1494:0-226-33228-4 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1406: 1404:5-545-00215-4 1400: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1212:III. 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London: 3611:. p. 3214:(3): 261. 2857:gallery.am 2405:Armenpress 2314:References 2188:archive(d) 1929:floor plan 1893:front view 1167:9042909390 837:exhibition 431:roof tiles 427:Bagratunis 364:; Tayron, 362:Arsharunik 347:Catholicos 343:St. Sargis 335:Kamsarakan 314:architrave 302:watercolor 273:olabilir. 202:1912–1960s 138:43°24′44″E 135:40°22′28″N 46:Aram Vruyr 4395:help page 3780:1829-4618 3721:Zed Books 3456:1829-2003 3416:2579-3039 3153:0131-6834 2948:Volume XI 2552:1017-7663 2387:Citations 2264:Տեկոր... 1995:interior 1905:side view 1826:of 1920. 1756:2450-8594 1742:: 36–52. 1515:(1989) . 729:Volume II 578:Influence 501:in 1042. 470:Ashot III 447:ornaments 443:colonnade 376:chiliarch 371:hazarapet 339:martyrium 322:(prince) 198:Destroyed 183:Completed 74:Destroyed 44:Photo by 4413:(1953). 4379:: 65–76. 4327:(1922). 4289:(1850). 3939:Facebook 3880:Facebook 3755:(2015). 3599:(1958). 3566:(2003). 3383:(2019). 3346:(1): 30. 3332:(1982). 3181:(1965). 2884:(1920). 2756:(2015). 2655:(2002). 2501:(2015). 2297:See also 2041:(1970). 1629:Location 1483:(2001). 1422:(2009). 1388:(1992). 1362:(2018). 1256:40827094 1240:(1998). 1156:(2001). 938:(1962). 916:archived 906:(1984). 725:Volume I 711:(1911). 656:(1971). 516:pastures 507:vardapet 445:, added 387:basilica 221:Armenian 90:, Turkey 84:Location 79:Location 54:Religion 20:‎ | 4347:585-594 4299:290-291 3715:(ed.). 3603:(ed.). 3450:: 6–7. 3402:: 140. 3367:207-211 3361:(ed.). 3228:3048994 2511:(2): 8. 1860:, 1842 1818:of the 1810:village 1740:Sciendo 1683:Summary 1148:Maranci 703:Studies 512:bandits 489:ishkhan 485:Gagik I 451:peafowl 439:portico 333:of the 319:ishkhan 173:ishkhan 168:Founder 22:sandbox 3778: 3731: 3672:ysu.am 3650: 3454: 3444:Vardzk 3414: 3255:Aravot 3226: 3151: 3033: 2773: 2550: 2077:, 2014 1867:1881, 1852:Images 1754: 1595:Tekor 1529: 1491: 1435: 1401: 1374: 1254: 1164: 1114:litter 420:heresy 71:Status 4375:(4). 4365:(PDF) 3981:(PDF) 3966:(PDF) 3906:(PDF) 3852:Aztag 3814:(PDF) 3787:(PDF) 3774:: 4. 3760:(PDF) 3644:80-83 3446:(2). 3440:(PDF) 3398:(2). 3388:(PDF) 3314:(1). 3304:(PDF) 3224:JSTOR 3141:(PDF) 2891:Syria 2795:(PDF) 2763:(PDF) 2729:(PDF) 2718:(PDF) 2536:(PDF) 2319:Notes 2234:other 2046:(PDF) 1960:plan 1835:1886 1738:(2). 1474:] 1429:(PDF) 1412:(PDF) 1395:(PDF) 1353:major 835:(see 499:] 481:] 466:] 433:with 416:] 384:naved 366:elder 358:] 331:] 229:Digor 16:< 4339:XXIX 3776:ISSN 3729:ISBN 3648:ISBN 3452:ISSN 3412:ISSN 3149:ISSN 3031:ISBN 2771:ISBN 2569:link 2548:ISSN 2056:p.44 1752:ISSN 1639:Date 1527:ISBN 1489:ISBN 1433:ISBN 1399:ISBN 1372:ISBN 1252:OCLC 1231:1998 1162:ISBN 1097:and 841:sign 839:and 3828:171 3725:174 3613:426 3404:doi 3216:doi 2952:641 2335:or 2003:raw 1744:doi 1613:298 1599:270 1116:. 831:at 341:of 304:by 4417:. 4397:). 4389:A 4367:. 4337:. 4331:. 4267:. 4263:. 4259:. 4188:^ 4101:^ 4086:^ 4067:^ 4038:^ 4021:^ 4006:^ 3989:^ 3968:. 3954:^ 3937:. 3877:. 3849:. 3844:. 3826:: 3816:. 3798:^ 3770:. 3766:. 3762:. 3737:. 3727:. 3688:^ 3670:. 3646:. 3621:^ 3607:. 3588:^ 3570:. 3523:^ 3503:. 3478:. 3442:. 3424:^ 3410:. 3396:15 3394:. 3390:. 3344:45 3342:. 3336:. 3310:. 3306:. 3252:. 3236:^ 3222:. 3212:54 3210:. 3204:. 3185:. 3143:. 3116:. 3083:. 3062:. 3048:^ 3039:. 3025:. 3007:71 3003:70 2993:; 2989:; 2960:^ 2904:^ 2888:. 2873:^ 2855:. 2815:. 2811:. 2765:. 2737:^ 2720:. 2698:^ 2677:^ 2659:. 2602:^ 2586:. 2565:}} 2561:{{ 2554:. 2538:. 2517:^ 2505:. 2482:^ 2468:. 2417:^ 2048:. 1750:. 1736:32 1734:. 1525:. 1511:; 1472:hy 1470:; 1468:ru 1366:. 1250:. 1070:, 965:63 957:. 942:. 727:, 660:. 497:hy 479:hy 464:hy 422:. 414:hy 356:hy 329:hy 300:A 223:: 188:c. 4373:2 4349:. 4301:. 4210:. 3830:. 3824:2 3768:1 3656:. 3615:. 3458:. 3418:. 3406:: 3369:. 3312:1 3230:. 3218:: 3155:. 3009:. 3005:- 2954:. 2896:1 2779:. 2571:) 2544:2 2352:. 2339:. 1870:) 1758:. 1746:: 1535:. 1497:. 1441:. 1380:. 1258:. 1170:. 918:) 914:( 843:) 441:/ 219:( 193:)

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