5178:
31:
337:' in the US census, including Department of Commerce v. United States House of Representatives, 525 U.S. 316 (1999), a suit which followed President Clinton's veto of a law passed by Congress intending to explicitly prohibit sampling, and Wisconsin v. City of New York, 517 U.S. 1 (1996), which ruled that sampling was not required by the Enumeration clause.
329:
reasoned that hot-deck imputation did not constitute sampling, which attempts to extrapolate statistics about a large population from the statistics of a smaller one, rather it attempts to account for missing individuals by comparing across populations. Furthermore, the Census Clause of the
2415:
3577:
960:
330:
Constitution was not violated as the actual enumeration needs to be conducted "in such Manner as" Congress itself "shall by Law direct," which wording which does not forbid the use of statistical methods to improve accuracy.
928:
325:'s requirement of an "actual enumeration" for the purpose of apportioning Representatives. In an 8–1 ruling, the Supreme Court rejected Utah's arguments and affirmed the district court's opinion. In the majority opinion
305:
requiring the Bureau to revise the published census results to those without the use of imputation. North
Carolina, which stood to lose a Representative under such an injunction, intervened in the case, disputing Utah's
1555:
2012:
557:
4983:
1219:
4274:
3537:
280:
remained unsure of the number of residents at an address after a field visit, the Bureau inferred its population characteristics with statistics taken from its nearest similar neighbor, a practice called
2092:
2060:
3513:
865:
653:
621:
4975:
1522:
1283:
3710:
1376:
4967:
880:
1088:
1056:
4114:
4707:
4627:
1482:
100:
Utah sought an injunction compelling respondents to change the official census results. North
Carolina intervened. The District Court for the District of Utah found for the Census Bureau
605:
4066:
2816:
5263:
110:
Utah had standing to sue for a revision of the census results. The Bureau's use of hot-deck imputation did not violate 13 USC sec. 195, nor the census clause of the
Constitution.
1433:
4951:
4282:
2487:
2036:
1429:
1380:
904:
4634:
1486:
3447:
4829:
920:
4959:
4426:
4394:
4074:
1701:
1072:
1048:
5074:
4991:
2231:
1200:
589:
4582:
4082:
3678:
1785:
5243:
2511:
1793:
1184:
1016:
872:
4919:
4503:
4450:
4154:
3835:
3545:
2746:
2544:
1860:
1008:
984:
717:
597:
1608:
3798:
3638:
1964:
573:
425:
346:
311:
72:
4378:
3964:
3505:
2800:
2714:
2439:
2335:
2124:
849:
4911:
4290:
4001:
2399:
1064:
833:
4010:
3860:
2020:
1235:
952:
888:
825:
677:
645:
565:
4999:
4670:
4314:
4250:
3553:
1251:
1227:
1120:
976:
944:
760:
637:
613:
4686:
4528:
4482:
4050:
3561:
2108:
1668:
1000:
4226:
3782:
3476:
3191:
3106:
2255:
1144:
693:
685:
661:
4458:
4162:
3948:
3868:
3393:
3252:
3114:
841:
4943:
4354:
3876:
3718:
3385:
2383:
1362:
236:
2651:
317:
Appealing the ruling to the
Supreme Court, Utah argued that the Bureau's use of imputation violated 13 U.S.C. §195, which prohibits use of '
4512:
484:
3980:
3790:
3662:
3630:
3321:
2696:
2303:
1307:
1136:
5268:
5238:
4298:
3702:
3425:
2247:
2100:
2068:
1737:
4058:
3956:
3199:
3183:
3175:
351:
294:
5258:
4370:
4090:
3844:
3236:
3082:
3074:
1996:
5248:
4386:
3766:
3377:
3002:
2287:
2132:
2052:
1745:
4338:
3988:
3417:
2295:
1876:
298:
5219:
5143:
4903:
4474:
4442:
4242:
4234:
4026:
3806:
3774:
3654:
3609:
3529:
3122:
2319:
2215:
1844:
5253:
3908:
3822:
3521:
3455:
3244:
3098:
3090:
2463:
2175:
2004:
1956:
1350:
5119:
4520:
4466:
3742:
3569:
3276:
3219:
1980:
5185:
4330:
3814:
3694:
3585:
2423:
2407:
1972:
1924:
1514:
1453:
1400:
1359:
1176:
1160:
968:
250:
228:
35:
4306:
4178:
4018:
3369:
3353:
3207:
2359:
2311:
2199:
2076:
857:
5151:
4346:
4258:
4034:
3884:
1948:
1932:
1908:
477:
376:
86:
4645; 70 U.S.L.W. 4628; 2002 Cal. Daily Op. Service 5474; 2002 Daily
Journal DAR 6881; 15 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 420
4764:
3892:
3750:
3484:
2738:
1900:
1868:
1575:
2941:
2519:
2351:
1884:
1753:
4879:
3467:
3260:
3166:
2639:
2116:
1628:
5053:
3726:
2730:
2367:
1916:
282:
4553:
4322:
3646:
3130:
2271:
2044:
1676:
701:
470:
462:
277:
4606:
4098:
1940:
1852:
1697:
322:
321:' for apportioning Representatives among states. It further argued that imputation did not satisfy the
270:
5212:
5095:
5087:
4598:
3940:
3345:
3292:
2495:
2447:
2343:
2279:
1729:
1299:
286:
436:
4887:
4780:
4732:
4490:
4122:
3916:
3686:
3268:
3228:
3146:
1620:
1343:
4194:
3972:
3900:
3313:
3284:
1827:
1761:
1713:
1583:
1551:
581:
5127:
4410:
4210:
4130:
3409:
3329:
3154:
2994:
2776:
2479:
2455:
1128:
809:
141:
5103:
4566:
3621:
3361:
3304:
3010:
2961:
2836:
2676:
2668:
2614:
2576:
2391:
2223:
1988:
1892:
817:
784:
429:
334:
318:
64:
5205:
5135:
5032:
4574:
4434:
4170:
4146:
4106:
3066:
2933:
2784:
1777:
1567:
936:
254:
5177:
403:
8:
4852:
4796:
4772:
4042:
3050:
3034:
3018:
2869:
2768:
2375:
2239:
1445:
1336:
1112:
1104:
1096:
736:
629:
533:
169:
1328:
5193:
4842:
4756:
4748:
4678:
4266:
3734:
3337:
3138:
3042:
3026:
2909:
2901:
2808:
2792:
2558:
2327:
1769:
1649:
1604:
1291:
752:
669:
509:
445:
389:
5045:
4895:
4654:
4590:
4138:
3932:
3852:
3601:
2970:
2949:
2845:
2722:
2623:
2503:
2263:
2084:
1836:
1408:
1192:
1080:
1024:
790:
776:
744:
709:
133:
125:
4706:
4871:
4740:
4646:
4362:
4218:
4186:
3670:
2978:
2861:
2684:
2601:
2207:
2167:
2151:
1721:
1661:
1498:
1267:
1152:
896:
768:
541:
67:
5111:
4825:
4402:
4202:
3758:
2986:
2917:
2893:
2853:
2706:
2431:
2183:
2159:
2028:
1814:
1530:
1461:
1315:
1259:
1168:
912:
525:
232:
194:
Breyer, joined by
Rehnquist, Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg; O'Connor (Parts I and II)
165:
153:
5189:
5007:
4935:
4788:
4724:
4418:
3401:
2885:
2877:
2824:
2631:
2471:
1506:
1275:
326:
307:
290:
177:
145:
314:
refused to grant the State's injunction ruling in favor of the Census Bureau.
5232:
4927:
4662:
4275:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
3924:
3538:
College
Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
3437:
3058:
2925:
2758:
2660:
549:
517:
494:
301:
Utah received one less seat and North
Carolina gained a seat. Utah sought an
258:
4804:
3593:
3514:
San
Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
2061:
Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
1040:
1032:
992:
262:
157:
492:
2568:
1523:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
1284:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
454:
2093:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
3496:
2191:
302:
83:
4115:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
3711:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
79:
2416:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
4067:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
2817:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
253:
case holding that the use of certain statistical techniques in the
4626:
1428:
4552:
4283:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
30:
3578:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
3448:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
1696:
4075:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
4427:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
4395:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
293:
by 0.4% and Utah by 0.2%. Due to the practice, during the
266:
2232:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
1550:
1358:
1201:
Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP
961:
Houston Lawyers' Association v. Attorney General of Texas
5264:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
4083:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
3679:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
5120:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
2512:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1861:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1794:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1185:
Wisconsin Legislature v. Wisconsin Elections Commission
3546:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
2747:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
718:
Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
5031:
3799:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
3639:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
2715:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
1965:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
1648:
1603:
347:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 536
4379:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
3965:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
3506:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
2801:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
2600:
2440:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
2125:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
1375:
929:
Mississippi Republican Executive Committee v. Brooks
54:
Utah, et al. v. Evans, Secretary of Commerce, et al.
4291:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
4155:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
1813:
4011:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
3861:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
2543:
2021:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
1481:
261:of the Constitution. The case was brought against
4671:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
4315:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
4251:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
4051:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
3554:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
2556:
2336:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
1121:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
761:League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
5230:
4824:
4687:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
4529:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
4483:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
3562:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
3107:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
2109:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
2013:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
1669:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
5073:
4984:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
4451:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
4227:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
3783:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
2256:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
1145:Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections
686:Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris
558:Lucas v. Forty-Fourth Gen. Assembly of Colorado
5244:United States electoral redistricting case law
5000:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
4459:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
4163:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
3949:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
3869:International News Service v. Associated Press
3394:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
3386:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
3253:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
3115:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
1220:Chappelle v. Greater Baton Rouge Airport Dist.
333:This case follow several others that rule on '
5213:
4513:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
4355:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
3877:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
3719:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
2384:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1344:
478:
3477:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
3322:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
3192:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
4944:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
3981:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
3791:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
3663:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
3631:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
3426:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
2304:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
2069:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
1308:Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill
1137:Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama
5220:
5206:
4299:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
2248:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
2101:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
1351:
1337:
485:
471:
4059:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
3957:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
3237:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
3200:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
3184:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
3176:Straus v. American Publishers Association
3083:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
352:List of United States Supreme Court cases
285:." The use of hot-deck imputation in the
4371:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
4091:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
3845:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
3767:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3075:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
2288:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
1997:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
1738:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
866:East Carroll Parish Sch. Bd. v. Marshall
654:East Carroll Parish Sch. Bd. v. Marshall
622:Salyer Land Co. v. Tulare Water District
237:U.S. Const., Art. I, section 2, clause 3
4976:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
4387:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
3703:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
3418:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
3378:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
3003:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
2133:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
2053:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
1877:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
1746:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
5231:
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4235:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
3989:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
3655:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
2296:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
5144:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
5072:
5030:
4904:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
4823:
4705:
4625:
4551:
4475:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
4443:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
4243:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
4027:United States v. General Electric Co.
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3610:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
3530:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
2599:
2542:
2320:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
2216:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
1845:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
1812:
1695:
1647:
1602:
1549:
1480:
1430:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
1427:
1374:
1332:
466:
18:2002 United States Supreme Court case
5172:
4968:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
3909:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
3823:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
3522:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
3456:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
3245:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
3099:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
3091:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2464:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
2176:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
2005:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
1957:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
881:United Jewish Organizations v. Carey
257:does not violate 13 USC §195 or the
4521:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
4467:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
3743:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
3570:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
3277:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
3220:International Copyright Act of 1891
1981:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
1089:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
1057:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
13:
5186:Supreme Court of the United States
4331:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
3695:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
3586:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
2424:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
2408:National League of Cities v. Usery
1973:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
1925:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
1515:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
1454:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
1401:Department of Commerce v. New York
495:redistricting in the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
5280:
5269:United States Supreme Court stubs
5239:United States Supreme Court cases
4347:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
4307:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
4179:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
4019:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
3370:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
3354:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
3208:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
2312:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
2200:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
2077:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
858:City of Richmond v. United States
606:Hadley v. Junior College District
432:452 (2002) is available from:
414:
5176:
5152:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
4259:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
4035:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
3885:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
1949:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
1933:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
1909:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
1869:Swift & Co. v. United States
29:
5259:Congressional districts of Utah
4765:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3893:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
3751:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
3123:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
2352:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
1901:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
969:Presley v. Etowah County Comm'n
5249:2002 in United States case law
2942:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
1885:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
1754:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
396:
382:
364:
1:
4952:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
4880:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
3468:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
3261:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
3167:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
2739:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
2640:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2117:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
2037:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
1629:United States v. Munoz-Flores
905:City of Rome v. United States
357:
249:, 536 U.S. 452 (2002), was a
5192:. You can help Knowledge by
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1917:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
289:increased the population of
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4554:Necessary and Proper Clause
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921:Escambia County v. McMillan
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340:
312:Utah federal district court
299:US House of Representatives
251:United States Supreme Court
10:
5285:
5171:
4960:City of El Paso v. Simmons
4607:United States v. Kebodeaux
4099:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
2360:Henderson v. United States
1941:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
1853:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
1698:Taxing and Spending Clause
455:Oyez (oral argument audio)
323:United States Constitution
271:U.S. Secretary of Commerce
5096:Virginia v. West Virginia
5082:
5068:
5040:
5026:
4863:
4840:
4836:
4819:
4719:
4708:No Bills of Attainder or
4701:
4641:
4621:
4599:United States v. Comstock
4561:
4547:
4501:
3999:
3941:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
3833:
3620:
3495:
3466:
3436:
3346:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
3303:
3293:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
3218:
3165:
2960:
2835:
2757:
2695:
2650:
2613:
2609:
2595:
2552:
2538:
2496:United States v. Morrison
2448:New York v. United States
2344:North American Co. v. SEC
2280:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
2143:
1826:
1822:
1808:
1730:Springer v. United States
1708:
1691:
1657:
1643:
1615:
1598:
1562:
1545:
1493:
1476:
1440:
1423:
1387:
1370:
1300:Wittman v. Personhuballah
1211:
801:
728:
501:
404:"Secretaries of Commerce"
265:, et al. by the state of
227:
222:
214:
210:Thomas, joined by Kennedy
206:
198:
190:
185:
119:
114:
109:
104:
96:
91:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
4888:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4781:Barr v. City of Columbia
4733:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4491:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
4123:Graham v. John Deere Co.
3917:KVOS v. Associated Press
3687:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
3485:Dowling v. United States
3269:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
3229:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
3147:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
1621:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
1576:United States v. Johnson
1073:Lopez v. Monterey County
1049:Lopez v. Monterey County
4992:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
4195:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
3973:Goldstein v. California
3901:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
3314:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
3285:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2520:Taylor v. United States
1828:Dormant Commerce Clause
1762:United States v. Butler
1714:Hylton v. United States
1584:Gravel v. United States
1552:Speech or Debate Clause
729:Partisan gerrymandering
590:Kirkpatrick v. Preisler
582:Avery v. Midland County
276:In instances where the
5128:New Jersey v. New York
4583:Sabri v. United States
4411:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
4211:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
4131:United States v. Adams
3410:De Sylva v. Ballentine
3330:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
3155:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
2995:Schreiber v. Sharpless
2777:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
2488:Jones v. United States
2480:United States v. Locke
2456:United States v. Lopez
1786:Sabri v. United States
1129:Bartlett v. Strickland
810:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
5104:Virginia v. Tennessee
4567:McCulloch v. Maryland
3622:Copyright Act of 1976
3362:Douglas v. Cunningham
3305:Copyright Act of 1909
3011:Thornton v. Schreiber
2962:Copyright Act of 1870
2837:Copyright Act of 1831
2615:Copyright Act of 1790
2577:Juilliard v. Greenman
2392:Katzenbach v. McClung
2224:Hoke v. United States
1989:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
1893:Edwards v. California
1017:United States v. Hays
873:Beer v. United States
818:Wright v. Rockefeller
802:Racial gerrymandering
785:Rucho v. Common Cause
78:122 S. Ct. 2191; 153
45:Decided June 20, 2002
43:Argued March 27, 2002
5136:Virginia v. Maryland
5033:Import-Export Clause
4920:Stone v. Mississippi
4575:Lambert v. Yellowley
4435:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
4171:Gottschalk v. Benson
4147:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
4107:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
3067:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2934:Bolles v. Outing Co.
1778:South Dakota v. Dole
1568:Kilbourn v. Thompson
1009:Johnson v. De Grandy
985:Voinovich v. Quilter
937:Thornburg v. Gingles
598:Wells v. Rockefeller
493:Case law related to
255:United States census
4853:Hepburn v. Griswold
4797:Kansas v. Hendricks
4773:De Veau v. Braisted
4043:Altvater v. Freeman
3051:Belford v. Scribner
3035:Thompson v. Hubbard
3019:Banks v. Manchester
2870:Stevens v. Gladding
2769:Pennock v. Dialogue
2697:Patent infringement
2376:Boynton v. Virginia
2240:Hammer v. Dagenhart
1446:Powell v. McCormack
1113:Georgia v. Ashcroft
1105:Easley v. Cromartie
1097:Sinkfield v. Kelley
737:Gaffney v. Cummings
630:Gaffney v. Cummings
574:Burns v. Richardson
534:Wesberry v. Sanders
283:hot-deck imputation
170:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
142:Sandra Day O'Connor
5088:Florida v. Georgia
4843:Legal Tender Cases
4757:Samuels v. McCurdy
4749:Hawker v. New York
4679:Boumediene v. Bush
4267:Dickinson v. Zurko
3735:Eldred v. Ashcroft
3338:Manners v. Morosco
3139:Scribner v. Straus
3043:Higgins v. Keuffel
3027:Callaghan v. Myers
2910:Higgins v. Keuffel
2902:Callaghan v. Myers
2809:Egbert v. Lippmann
2793:Cochrane v. Deener
2652:Patent Act of 1793
2559:Legal Tender Cases
2328:Wickard v. Filburn
1770:Helvering v. Davis
1650:Presentment Clause
1605:Origination Clause
1377:Enumeration Clause
1360:U.S. Supreme Court
1292:Shapiro v. McManus
850:Whitcomb v. Chavis
753:Vieth v. Jubelirer
670:Karcher v. Daggett
510:Colegrove v. Green
130:Associate Justices
5201:
5200:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5064:
5063:
5046:Brown v. Maryland
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
4912:Bronson v. Kinzie
4896:Ogden v. Saunders
4815:
4814:
4697:
4696:
4655:Ex parte Merryman
4631:Suspension Clause
4617:
4616:
4591:Gonzales v. Raich
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4139:Brenner v. Manson
3933:Buck v. Gallagher
3853:Ferris v. Frohman
3602:Iancu v. Brunetti
2971:Perris v. Hexamer
2950:Mifflin v. Dutton
2846:Wheaton v. Peters
2785:O'Reilly v. Morse
2723:Rowell v. Lindsay
2624:Wheaton v. Peters
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2504:Gonzales v. Raich
2400:Maryland v. Wirtz
2264:Gold Clause Cases
2085:Granholm v. Heald
1837:Brown v. Maryland
1804:
1803:
1687:
1686:
1639:
1638:
1594:
1593:
1541:
1540:
1472:
1471:
1419:
1418:
1409:Trump v. New York
1326:
1325:
1193:Allen v. Milligan
1081:Hunt v. Cromartie
1065:Abrams v. Johnson
1025:Miller v. Johnson
834:Connor v. Johnson
791:Lamone v. Benisek
777:Benisek v. Lamone
745:Davis v. Bandemer
710:Evenwel v. Abbott
375: (2002),
242:
241:
126:William Rehnquist
5276:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5180:
5173:
5070:
5069:
5028:
5027:
4872:Fletcher v. Peck
4838:
4837:
4821:
4820:
4741:Ex parte Garland
4703:
4702:
4647:Ex parte Bollman
4623:
4622:
4549:
4548:
4363:Bilski v. Kappos
4219:Diamond v. Diehr
4187:Dann v. Johnston
3671:Stewart v. Abend
2979:Trade-Mark Cases
2862:Stephens v. Cady
2685:Evans v. Hettich
2611:
2610:
2602:Copyright Clause
2597:
2596:
2554:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2208:Champion v. Ames
2168:Paul v. Virginia
2152:Gibbons v. Ogden
1824:
1823:
1810:
1809:
1722:Collector v. Day
1693:
1692:
1662:Pocket Veto Case
1645:
1644:
1600:
1599:
1547:
1546:
1499:Ex parte Siebold
1483:Elections Clause
1478:
1477:
1425:
1424:
1372:
1371:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1268:Lance v. Coffman
1236:Quinn v. Millsap
1153:Cooper v. Harris
953:Chisom v. Roemer
897:Mobile v. Bolden
889:Wise v. Lipscomb
826:Turner v. Fouche
769:Gill v. Whitford
678:Brown v. Thomson
646:Chapman v. Meier
566:Fortson v. Toomb
542:Reynolds v. Sims
502:Equal population
487:
480:
473:
464:
463:
459:
453:
450:
444:
441:
435:
408:
407:
400:
394:
393:
386:
380:
374:
368:
269:; Evans was the
115:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5169:
5167:
5158:
5112:Wharton v. Wise
5078:
5060:
5036:
5014:
4859:
4832:
4826:Contract Clause
4811:
4715:
4693:
4637:
4613:
4557:
4556:of Section VIII
4535:
4504:trademark cases
4497:
4403:Kappos v. Hyatt
4203:Parker v. Flook
3995:
3836:copyright cases
3829:
3815:Allen v. Cooper
3759:Golan v. Holder
3616:
3491:
3462:
3432:
3299:
3214:
3161:
2987:Merrell v. Tice
2956:
2918:Holmes v. Hurst
2894:Baker v. Selden
2854:Backus v. Gould
2831:
2753:
2707:Evans v. Jordan
2691:
2646:
2605:
2604:of Section VIII
2583:
2548:
2547:of Section VIII
2526:
2432:EEOC v. Wyoming
2184:Kidd v. Pearson
2160:Passenger Cases
2139:
2029:Maine v. Taylor
1818:
1817:of Section VIII
1815:Commerce Clause
1800:
1704:
1683:
1653:
1635:
1611:
1590:
1558:
1537:
1531:Moore v. Harper
1489:
1468:
1462:Cook v. Gralike
1436:
1415:
1383:
1366:
1357:
1327:
1322:
1316:Moore v. Harper
1260:Lance v. Dennis
1252:Branch v. Smith
1228:Upham v. Seamon
1207:
1169:Abbott v. Perez
977:Growe v. Emison
945:Clark v. Roemer
913:Rogers v. Lodge
797:
724:
638:White v. Weiser
614:Mahan v. Howell
526:Gray v. Sanders
497:
491:
457:
451:
448:
442:
439:
433:
417:
412:
411:
402:
401:
397:
390:"UTAH v. EVANS"
388:
387:
383:
370:
369:
365:
360:
343:
295:reapportionment
263:Donald L. Evans
168:
166:Clarence Thomas
156:
154:Anthony Kennedy
144:
134:John P. Stevens
87:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5181:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5132:
5124:
5116:
5108:
5100:
5092:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5075:Compact Clause
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5050:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:Sveen v. Melin
5004:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4936:Block v. Hirsh
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4846:
4834:
4833:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4789:Teague v. Lane
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4725:Calder v. Bull
4720:
4717:
4716:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4508:
4506:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4419:Gunn v. Minton
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4006:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3840:
3838:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3402:Mazer v. Stein
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2886:Paige v. Banks
2882:
2878:Little v. Hall
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:Voss v. Fisher
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2677:Evans v. Eaton
2673:
2669:Evans v. Eaton
2665:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2632:Paige v. Banks
2628:
2619:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2564:
2562:
2550:
2549:
2545:Coinage Clause
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2472:Reno v. Condon
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:of Section VII
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1507:Smiley v. Holm
1503:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1276:Perry v. Perez
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
1001:Holder v. Hall
997:
989:
981:
973:
965:
957:
949:
941:
933:
925:
917:
909:
901:
893:
885:
877:
869:
862:
854:
846:
838:
830:
822:
814:
805:
803:
799:
798:
796:
795:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
741:
732:
730:
726:
725:
723:
722:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
650:
642:
634:
626:
618:
610:
602:
594:
586:
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
514:
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503:
499:
498:
490:
489:
482:
475:
467:
461:
460:
437:Google Scholar
416:
415:External links
413:
410:
409:
395:
381:
362:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
349:
342:
339:
327:Justice Breyer
291:North Carolina
240:
239:
229:13 U.S.C.
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
207:Concur/dissent
204:
203:
200:
199:Concur/dissent
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
181:
180:
178:Stephen Breyer
146:Antonin Scalia
131:
128:
123:
117:
116:
112:
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5281:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5125:
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5109:
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5105:
5101:
5098:
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5093:
5090:
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5081:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:Smyth v. Ames
4925:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4798:
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4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4714:of Section IX
4713:
4711:
4710:Ex post facto
4704:
4700:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:Ex parte Endo
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4629:Habeas corpus
4624:
4620:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
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4569:
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4560:
4555:
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4531:
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4523:
4522:
4518:
4515:
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4505:
4500:
4493:
4492:
4488:
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4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
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4429:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4413:
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4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
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4368:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4349:
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4344:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4224:
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4216:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
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4188:
4184:
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4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
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4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4061:
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4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:Gibbs v. Buck
3922:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
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3575:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3556:
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3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
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3516:
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3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
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3500:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:Patent misuse
3435:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
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3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
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3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:Brady v. Daly
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:Brady v. Daly
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:Patentability
2756:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:Tyler v. Tuel
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
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2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
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1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
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1854:
1850:
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1834:
1833:
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1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1796:
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1678:
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1642:
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1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
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1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
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1443:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:Utah v. Evans
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:Utah v. Evans
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
946:
942:
939:
938:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
898:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
874:
870:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
804:
800:
793:
792:
787:
786:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
770:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
738:
734:
733:
731:
727:
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
704:
703:
699:
696:
695:
694:Cox v. Larios
691:
688:
687:
683:
680:
679:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
663:
662:Ball v. James
659:
656:
655:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
591:
587:
584:
583:
579:
576:
575:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
551:
550:Davis v. Mann
547:
544:
543:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
527:
523:
520:
519:
518:Baker v. Carr
515:
512:
511:
507:
506:
504:
500:
496:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
469:
468:
465:
456:
447:
438:
431:
427:
423:
422:Utah v. Evans
419:
418:
405:
399:
391:
385:
378:
373:
372:Utah v. Evans
367:
363:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
338:
336:
331:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
278:Census Bureau
274:
273:at the time.
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Census Clause
256:
252:
248:
247:
246:Utah v. Evans
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:Case opinions
184:
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175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
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129:
127:
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122:Chief Justice
121:
120:
118:
113:
108:
103:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
24:Utah v. Evans
22:
16:
5194:expanding it
5183:
5168:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5077:of Section X
5052:
5044:
5035:of Section X
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4851:
4841:
4805:Smith v. Doe
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4709:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4628:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4002:patent cases
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3608:
3600:
3594:Matal v. Tam
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3483:
3475:
3454:
3446:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2575:
2567:
2557:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1702:Section VIII
1675:
1667:
1627:
1619:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1407:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1041:Bush v. Vera
1039:
1033:Shaw v. Hunt
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
993:Shaw v. Reno
991:
983:
975:
967:
959:
951:
943:
935:
927:
919:
911:
903:
895:
887:
879:
871:
864:
856:
848:
842:Ely v. Klahr
840:
832:
824:
816:
808:
789:
783:
775:
767:
759:
751:
743:
735:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
588:
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
508:
421:
398:
384:
371:
366:
332:
316:
310:to sue. The
275:
245:
244:
243:
223:Laws applied
173:
161:
158:David Souter
149:
137:
92:Case history
71:
53:
15:
4712:Laws Clause
2569:Knox v. Lee
1609:Section VII
287:2000 census
5233:Categories
4635:Section IX
3497:Lanham Act
2192:In re Debs
1556:Section VI
1487:Section IV
1381:Section II
358:References
303:injunction
233:§ 195
84:U.S. LEXIS
82:453; 2002
4830:Section X
1363:Article I
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
3440:case law
2761:case law
2699:case law
1365:case law
420:Text of
341:See also
335:sampling
319:sampling
308:standing
202:O'Connor
191:Majority
297:of the
215:Dissent
105:Holding
5155:(2018)
5147:(2009)
5139:(2003)
5131:(1998)
5123:(1985)
5115:(1894)
5107:(1893)
5099:(1871)
5091:(1855)
5057:(1951)
5049:(1827)
5011:(2018)
5003:(1987)
4995:(1983)
4987:(1983)
4979:(1978)
4971:(1977)
4963:(1965)
4955:(1935)
4947:(1934)
4939:(1921)
4931:(1898)
4923:(1880)
4915:(1843)
4907:(1837)
4899:(1827)
4891:(1819)
4883:(1819)
4875:(1810)
4864:Others
4856:(1870)
4808:(2003)
4800:(1997)
4792:(1989)
4784:(1964)
4776:(1960)
4768:(1951)
4760:(1925)
4752:(1898)
4744:(1866)
4736:(1819)
4728:(1798)
4690:(2020)
4682:(2008)
4674:(2001)
4666:(1944)
4658:(1861)
4650:(1807)
4610:(2013)
4602:(2010)
4594:(2005)
4586:(2004)
4578:(1926)
4570:(1819)
4532:(2020)
4524:(1938)
4516:(1915)
4502:Other
4494:(2019)
4486:(2017)
4478:(2016)
4470:(2015)
4462:(2015)
4454:(2014)
4446:(2014)
4438:(2013)
4430:(2013)
4422:(2013)
4414:(2013)
4406:(2012)
4398:(2012)
4390:(2011)
4382:(2011)
4374:(2011)
4366:(2010)
4358:(2008)
4350:(2007)
4342:(2007)
4334:(2007)
4326:(2006)
4318:(2006)
4310:(2006)
4302:(2005)
4294:(2002)
4286:(2001)
4278:(1999)
4270:(1999)
4262:(1998)
4254:(1997)
4246:(1996)
4238:(1990)
4230:(1989)
4222:(1981)
4214:(1980)
4206:(1978)
4198:(1976)
4190:(1976)
4182:(1973)
4174:(1972)
4166:(1971)
4158:(1969)
4150:(1969)
4142:(1966)
4134:(1966)
4126:(1966)
4118:(1965)
4110:(1964)
4102:(1964)
4094:(1964)
4086:(1961)
4078:(1950)
4070:(1950)
4062:(1948)
4054:(1945)
4046:(1943)
4038:(1942)
4030:(1926)
4022:(1916)
4014:(1908)
4000:Other
3992:(1975)
3984:(1974)
3976:(1973)
3968:(1968)
3960:(1962)
3952:(1960)
3944:(1949)
3936:(1939)
3928:(1939)
3920:(1936)
3912:(1934)
3904:(1932)
3896:(1931)
3888:(1923)
3880:(1919)
3872:(1918)
3864:(1914)
3856:(1912)
3848:(1911)
3834:Other
3826:(2020)
3818:(2020)
3810:(2019)
3802:(2019)
3794:(2017)
3786:(2014)
3778:(2014)
3770:(2013)
3762:(2012)
3754:(2010)
3746:(2005)
3738:(2003)
3730:(2001)
3722:(1998)
3714:(1998)
3706:(1996)
3698:(1994)
3690:(1994)
3682:(1991)
3674:(1990)
3666:(1989)
3658:(1985)
3650:(1985)
3642:(1984)
3634:(1977)
3613:(2020)
3605:(2019)
3597:(2017)
3589:(2014)
3581:(2014)
3573:(2003)
3565:(2003)
3557:(2001)
3549:(2001)
3541:(1999)
3533:(1995)
3525:(1992)
3517:(1987)
3509:(1982)
3488:(1985)
3480:(1941)
3459:(1942)
3451:(1917)
3429:(1973)
3421:(1964)
3413:(1956)
3405:(1954)
3397:(1952)
3389:(1943)
3381:(1940)
3373:(1939)
3365:(1935)
3357:(1931)
3349:(1923)
3341:(1920)
3333:(1917)
3325:(1914)
3317:(1911)
3296:(1911)
3288:(1911)
3280:(1909)
3272:(1909)
3264:(1908)
3256:(1908)
3248:(1907)
3240:(1903)
3232:(1896)
3211:(1979)
3203:(1948)
3195:(1941)
3187:(1939)
3179:(1913)
3158:(1912)
3150:(1909)
3142:(1908)
3134:(1908)
3126:(1908)
3118:(1908)
3110:(1907)
3102:(1907)
3094:(1907)
3086:(1903)
3078:(1903)
3070:(1899)
3062:(1899)
3054:(1892)
3046:(1891)
3038:(1889)
3030:(1888)
3022:(1888)
3014:(1888)
3006:(1884)
2998:(1884)
2990:(1881)
2982:(1879)
2974:(1879)
2953:(1903)
2945:(1903)
2937:(1899)
2929:(1899)
2921:(1899)
2913:(1891)
2905:(1888)
2897:(1879)
2889:(1872)
2881:(1856)
2873:(1854)
2865:(1853)
2857:(1849)
2849:(1834)
2828:(1885)
2820:(1885)
2812:(1881)
2804:(1878)
2796:(1876)
2788:(1853)
2780:(1851)
2772:(1829)
2750:(1938)
2742:(1913)
2734:(1894)
2726:(1885)
2718:(1885)
2710:(1815)
2688:(1822)
2680:(1822)
2672:(1818)
2664:(1810)
2643:(1908)
2635:(1872)
2627:(1834)
2580:(1884)
2572:(1871)
2523:(2016)
2515:(2012)
2507:(2005)
2499:(2000)
2491:(2000)
2483:(2000)
2475:(2000)
2467:(1996)
2459:(1995)
2451:(1992)
2443:(1985)
2435:(1983)
2427:(1981)
2419:(1981)
2411:(1976)
2403:(1968)
2395:(1964)
2387:(1964)
2379:(1960)
2371:(1951)
2363:(1950)
2355:(1949)
2347:(1946)
2339:(1944)
2331:(1942)
2323:(1942)
2315:(1941)
2307:(1940)
2299:(1938)
2291:(1937)
2283:(1936)
2275:(1935)
2267:(1935)
2259:(1935)
2251:(1923)
2243:(1918)
2235:(1914)
2227:(1913)
2219:(1911)
2211:(1903)
2203:(1895)
2195:(1895)
2187:(1888)
2179:(1885)
2171:(1869)
2163:(1849)
2155:(1824)
2144:Others
2136:(2023)
2128:(2019)
2120:(2018)
2112:(2015)
2104:(2008)
2096:(2007)
2088:(2005)
2080:(1994)
2072:(1994)
2064:(1994)
2056:(1992)
2048:(1992)
2040:(1989)
2032:(1986)
2024:(1984)
2016:(1983)
2008:(1982)
2000:(1981)
1992:(1980)
1984:(1978)
1976:(1978)
1968:(1977)
1960:(1977)
1952:(1976)
1944:(1970)
1936:(1967)
1928:(1959)
1920:(1954)
1912:(1951)
1904:(1945)
1896:(1941)
1888:(1935)
1880:(1925)
1872:(1905)
1864:(1886)
1856:(1852)
1848:(1829)
1840:(1827)
1797:(2012)
1789:(2004)
1781:(1987)
1773:(1937)
1765:(1936)
1757:(1922)
1749:(1916)
1741:(1895)
1733:(1881)
1725:(1871)
1717:(1796)
1680:(1998)
1672:(1983)
1664:(1929)
1632:(1990)
1624:(1911)
1587:(1972)
1579:(1966)
1571:(1881)
1534:(2023)
1526:(2015)
1518:(1995)
1510:(1932)
1502:(1879)
1465:(2001)
1457:(1995)
1449:(1969)
1412:(2020)
1404:(2019)
1396:(2002)
1319:(2023)
1311:(2019)
1303:(2016)
1295:(2015)
1287:(2015)
1279:(2012)
1271:(2007)
1263:(2006)
1255:(2003)
1247:(2002)
1239:(1989)
1231:(1982)
1223:(1977)
1204:(2024)
1196:(2023)
1188:(2022)
1180:(2018)
1172:(2018)
1164:(2017)
1156:(2017)
1148:(2017)
1140:(2015)
1132:(2009)
1124:(2006)
1116:(2003)
1108:(2001)
1100:(2000)
1092:(2000)
1084:(1999)
1076:(1999)
1068:(1997)
1060:(1997)
1052:(1996)
1044:(1996)
1036:(1996)
1028:(1995)
1020:(1995)
1012:(1994)
1004:(1994)
996:(1993)
988:(1993)
980:(1993)
972:(1992)
964:(1991)
956:(1991)
948:(1991)
940:(1986)
932:(1984)
924:(1984)
916:(1982)
908:(1980)
900:(1980)
892:(1978)
884:(1977)
876:(1976)
861:(1975)
853:(1971)
845:(1971)
837:(1971)
829:(1970)
821:(1964)
813:(1960)
794:(2019)
780:(2018)
772:(2018)
764:(2006)
756:(2004)
748:(1986)
740:(1973)
721:(2016)
713:(2016)
705:(2012)
697:(2004)
689:(1989)
681:(1983)
673:(1983)
665:(1981)
657:(1976)
649:(1975)
641:(1973)
633:(1973)
625:(1973)
617:(1973)
609:(1970)
601:(1969)
593:(1969)
585:(1968)
577:(1966)
569:(1965)
561:(1964)
553:(1964)
545:(1964)
537:(1964)
529:(1963)
521:(1962)
513:(1946)
458:
452:
449:
446:Justia
443:
440:
434:
231:
218:Scalia
176:
174:·
172:
164:
162:·
160:
152:
150:·
148:
140:
138:·
136:
5188:is a
1212:Other
428:
97:Prior
5190:stub
1432:and
430:U.S.
377:Text
267:Utah
73:more
65:U.S.
63:536
4828:of
4633:of
1700:of
1607:of
1554:of
1485:of
1434:III
1379:of
426:536
68:452
5235::
788:/
424:,
235:,
5221:e
5214:t
5207:v
5196:.
1352:e
1345:t
1338:v
486:e
479:t
472:v
406:.
392:.
379:.
281:"
76:)
70:(
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