Uzbeks - Knowledge

1978: 1216: 1266: 1686: 1631:, which took place from 1219 to 1225, led to a wholesale change in the population of Mawarannahr. The conquest quickened the process of Turkification in some parts of the region because, although the armies of Genghis Khan were led by Mongols, they were made up mostly of Turkic tribes that had been incorporated into the Mongol armies as the tribes were encountered in the Mongols' southward sweep. As these armies settled in Mawarannahr, they intermixed with the local populations which did not flee. Another effect of the Mongol conquest was the large-scale damage the soldiers inflicted on cities such as Bukhara and on regions such as Khorazm. As the leading province of a wealthy state, Khorazm was treated especially severely. The 1173: 3782:, pp. 218–219: "As to haplogroup R1a1 among the modern-day Uzbeks and Xinjiang Uighurs, the extent to which it originated from the Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists and from the Turkic and Turkicized Inner Asian nomadic groups, respectively, remains open to speculation." ... "The modern Uzbeks, who also descend from the ancient Indo-European (Iranic) populations and various Inner Asian nomadic peoples (Golden 1992: 407), including the Shibanid Uzbeks, exhibit a set of haplogroups similar to those of the Xinjiang Uighurs: R1a1 (17.6~32%), J (5.9~21.4%), C2 (7~18%, 41.2%), O3 (0~12%) and N (0~5.9%)." 2614: 1825: 2692: 3758:, p. 219: "See Wells et al. (2001: 10245, table 1: M17, M130, M46, M172, M175 and 122, and M48 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, C2, N1c1, J, O, and C2b1b1, respectively); Zerjal et al. (2002: 474, table 3: haplogroups 3, 9, 10, 13, 16, and 36 correspond to haplogroups R1a1, J, C2, O3, N1c1, and C2b1b1, respectively); Haber et al. (2012: table S4). According to another recent survey, the Uzbeks of Afghanistan exhibit R1a1 (29%), J (18%), Q (8.6%), C (4%), N (4%), R1b1a1a1 (3%), R2 (3%) and O (2.3%): see Di Cristofaro et al. (2013: figure S7). 1316:, which was completed in the 8th century AD, brought to the region a new religion that continues to be dominant. The Arabs first invaded Mawarannahr in the middle of the 7th century through sporadic raids during their conquest of Persia. Available sources on the Arab conquest suggest that the Soghdians and other Iranian peoples of Central Asia were unable to defend their land against the Arabs because of internal divisions and the lack of strong indigenous leadership. The Arabs, on the other hand, were led by a brilliant general, 1906:. The Pashtuns battled and conquered the Uzbeks and forced them into a state of subjugation and discrimination. Out of anti-Russian strategic interests, the British assisted the Afghan conquest of the Uzbek Khanates. The British gave weapons to the Afghans and backed the Afghan colonization of northern Afghanistan, which involved sending a huge number of Pashtun colonists onto Uzbek land. Furthermore, British literature from the period demonized the Uzbeks. Soviet-era arrivals in Afghanistan from Uzbekistan are referred to as 1286: 2606: 1919: 894: 5528: 1066: 1324:, the official beginning of which was in AD 622. Because of these factors, the population of Mawarannahr was easily subdued. The new religion brought by the Arabs spread gradually into the region. The native religious identities, which in some respects were already being displaced by Persian influences before the Arabs arrived, were further displaced in the ensuing centuries. Nevertheless, the destiny of Central Asia as an Islamic region was firmly established by the Arab victory over the Chinese armies in 750 in a 2107: 2198: 355: 5512: 1164: 319: 282: 7825: 209: 2787: 2550: 263: 245: 227: 191: 2152:(Arabic: السيد قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني) was born in Fergana valley's Andijan city in Turkestan (Central Asia). He went to British India was educated at Darul Uloom Deoband, and then returned to Turkestan where he preached against Communist Russian rule. He then fled to Afghanistan, then to British India and then to Hijaz where he continued his education in Mecca and Medina and wrote several works on Islam and engaged in anti-Soviet activities. 2009: 337: 2134: 1762: 47: 301: 105: 999:, a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 17-32% among Uzbek men, making it the predominant Y-DNA lineage among Uzbeks. It is unclear if this haplogroup in Uzbeks came from local Bronze Age Indo-European pastoralists, or if it originates from Turkic migrants, because despite being considered a diagnostic Indo-Iranian haplogroup, it occurs at a high frequency among Turkic males from Siberia. 3901:: "...Salvatori has often dated its beginning very early (ca. 2400 BC), to make it match with Shahdad where a large amount of material similar to that of the BMAC has been discovered. With the start of international cooperation and the multiplication of analyses, the dates now admitted by all place the Oxus Civilization between 2250 and 1700 BC, while its final phase extends until ca. 1500 BC..." 2365:, Danghut, Shagird, Pesha, Tushlub, Onli, Biyat, Ozlaji, Joslayi, Tuwadiq, Ghariband Jit. For the semi-nomadic tribes of these khanates, belonging to the "92 tribes" meant in certain cases a privileged position and a higher socio-economic status. In certain cases, the term "92 Uzbek tribes" was used with a political meaning to legitimize the ruling Uzbek dynasties of the Manghyts and Mings. 3587:". In contrast, populations closer to the SSM area (Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uygurs, and also Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region) still demonstrated a statistically significant excess of IBD sharing. This spatial pattern can be partly explained by a relative rarity of longer IBD tracts compared to shorter ones and recurrent gene flow events into populations closer to the SSM area." 2629:– wide, light, light trousers narrowing in the lower parts. The long, loose tunic has wide sleeves, reaching down to the wrists. The loose-cut pants, are made to match the tunic, and thus are usually made of the same fabric, or one completely to the tunic. The bottom of the pants is gathered and decorated with embroidered braid. The coats, are in many ways similar to the 1659: 2978: 2683:, gained track, and in the 20s and early 30s, public abandonments and burnings of veiles were encouraged. The result was a conservative pushback, however in the following years, with the increased participation of women in the workplace, and their gradual liberation, veils were phased out of the common use by women throughout the country. 1015:, an East Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 4–18% among Uzbek men. In one sample from Afghanistan, 41.2% of Uzbek men carried this haplogroup. Lee & Kuang posit that the males in this sample are descended from the nomadic Uzbeks of the Qipchaq steppe. It is likely that haplogroup C2 was brought to the middle east by Turkic or 2971: 1554:(1040–1068), for the first time erected a madrasah in Samarkand with state funds and supported the development of culture in the region. One of the famous scholars was the historian Majid ad-din al-Surkhakati, who in Samarkand wrote the "History of Turkestan", which outlined the history of the Karakhanid dynasty. 2369: 3657:

Dai, Shan-Shan; Sulaiman, Xierzhatijiang; Isakova, Jainagul; Xu, Wei-Fang; Abdulloevich, Najmudinov Tojiddin; Afanasevna, Manilova Elena; Ibrohimovich, Khudoidodov Behruz; Chen, Xi; Yang, Wei-Kang; Wang, Ming-Shan; Shen, Quan-Kuan; Yang, Xing-Yan; Yao, Yong-Gang; Aldashev, Almaz A; Saidov, Abdusattor

3203:

Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua,

2707:

in Russian, is worn by both males and females. They are made of either velvet or wool and embroidered with silk or silver threads. The design varies for males and females, with the variant worn by females, being more colorful and decorated with beads, while the male variant is usually black with four

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of their home city in Uzbekistan, such as Al Bukhari from Bukhara, Al Samarqandi from Samarkand, Al Tashkandi from Tashkent, Al Andijani from Andijan, Al Kokandi from Kokand, Al Turkistani from Turkistan. Bukhari and Turkistani were labels for all the Uzbeks in general while specific names for Uzbeks

1812:

Shaybani Khan wrote poetry under the pseudonym "Shibani". A collection of poems by Shaybani Khan, written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language, is currently kept in the Topkapi manuscript collection in Istanbul. The manuscript of his philosophical and religious work: "Bahr ul-Khudo", written

2093:

traditions. In the late 1980s, the liberalized atmosphere of the Soviet Union under Mikhail S. Gorbachev (in power 1985–91) fostered political opposition groups and open (albeit limited) opposition to Soviet policy in Uzbekistan. In 1989, a series of violent ethnic clashes, involving Uzbeks, brought

1335:

Despite brief Arab rule, Central Asia successfully retained much of its Iranian characteristic, remaining an important center of culture and trade for centuries after the adoption of the new religion. Mawarannahr continued to be an important political player in regional affairs, as it had been under

1241:

Turkic names and titles are found in Bactrian documents of the 7th–8th centuries: kagan, tapaglig eltabir, tarkhan, tudun, the names Kutlug Tapaglig Bilga savuk, Kara-tongi, Tongaspar, Turkic ethnic names: halach, Turk. During the excavations of the Sogdian Penjikent, a fragment of a draft letter in

949:

The western ancestry of Uzbeks includes a Caucasus component (~35–40%), and a (Northern) European component (~5–20%), the Uzbeks eastern ancestry includes an Eastern Asian component (~35%), and a (Central and East) Siberian component (~5–20%). The best proxy for their western ancestry are modern day

2241:

Shami Domullah introduced Salafism to Soviet Central Asia. Mosques in Uzbekistan are funded by Saudi-based Uzbeks. Saudis have tried to propagate their version of Islam into Uzbekistan following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Saudi Arabia's "Bukharian brethren" were led by Nuriddin al-Bukhari as

1546:

According to Peter Golden, the Karakhanid state was one of the first Turkic-Islamic states. The Islamization of the Karakhanids and their Turkic subjects played an important role in the cultural development of the Turkic culture. In the late 10th–early 11th century for the first time in the history

3597:

Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia

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is usually of knee length, and includes different elements in various regions of the country. The botton of the sleeves, center edges, hem and neckline of the coat ate sown with a decorative braid, which was believed to protect from "evil powers". In the past, wearing two or more coats at the same

2232:

Uzbek exiles in Saudi Arabia from Soviet ruled Central Asia also adopted the identity "Turkistani". A lot of them are also called "Bukhari". A number of Saudi "Uzbeks" do not consider themselves as Uzbek and instead consider themselves as Muslim Turkestanis. Many Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia adopted the

2211:

are an ethnic group native to Kyrgyzstan. In Kyrgyzstan, Uzbeks are the largest minority group, comprising about 15% of the population. They have a long history in the region and have played a significant role in the culture and economy of Kyrgyzstan. Many Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan live in the southern

2656:

In the past, color of the costume was an important signal of a person's age or social status. Notably, red and pink were common for girls and young women, whereas middle-aged women wore shades of light blue and gray. White however, was appropriate for all ages, especially the elderly, and is used

1698:

Timur initiated the last flowering of Mawarannahr by gathering in his capital, Samarkand, numerous artisans and scholars from the lands he had conquered. By supporting such people, Timur imbued his empire with a very rich Perso-Islamic culture. During Timur's reign and the reigns of his immediate

1577:

to the western sections of Transoxiana in the 11th century. The Seljuk Empire then split into states ruled by various local Turkic and Iranian rulers. The culture and intellectual life of the region continued unaffected by such political changes, however. Turkic tribes from the north continued to

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nomads arrived from the northern grasslands of what is now Uzbekistan sometime in the first millennium BC. These nomads, who spoke Iranian dialects, settled in Central Asia and began to build an extensive irrigation system along the rivers of the region. At this time, cities such as Bukhara and

731:

Since the entry of Central Asia into the Turkic Khaganate (6th century), the process of Turkicization has intensified. In subsequent centuries, the main ethnocultural process that took place on the territory of the Central Asian interfluve was the convergence and partial merging of the settled,

1843:

The term "92 Uzbek tribes", which appeared in the fifteenth-century Dasht-i Qipchaq, began to be used with a variety of meanings in the following centuries depending on the political and cultural context. Near the end of the 16th century, the Uzbek states of Bukhara and Khorazm began to weaken

1347:

During the height of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 8th and 9th centuries, Central Asia and Mawarannahr experienced a truly golden age. Bukhara became one of the leading centers of learning, culture, and art in the Muslim world, its magnificence rivaling contemporaneous cultural centers such as

2672:, on all occasions in public. The designs were varied, some adhering to one or two basic colors in their designs, while others included colored floral or geometrical elements, with the face-lid, usually being made of black fabric. The face-lid could be lifted back, for ease of communication. 1851:

Another factor contributing to the weakness of the Uzbek khanates in this period was the general decline of trade moving through the region. This change had begun in the previous century when ocean trade routes were established from Europe to India and China, circumventing the Silk Route. As

2480:, while Uzbeks in Afghanistan and other countries to the south have remained more conservative adherents of Islam. However, with Uzbek independence in 1991 came an Islamic revival amongst segments of the population. People living in the area of modern Uzbekistan were first converted to 1937:

In the 19th century, Russian interest in the area increased greatly, sparked by nominal concern over British designs on Central Asia; by anger over the situation of Russian citizens held as slaves; and by the desire to control the trade in the region and to establish a secure source of

1957:

began to send military forces against the Central Asian khanates. Three major population centers of the khanates—Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarkand—were captured in 1865, 1867, and 1868, respectively. In 1868 the Khanate of Bukhara signed a treaty with Russia making Bukhara a Russian

3797:, pp. 218–219: "Haplogroup J is a patrilineal lineage originating in the Middle East and probably reached Central Asia with Neolithic farmers from the Middle East. Haplogroups O3, C2, and N were in all likelihood brought to Transoxiana by various Turkic and Mongolic peoples." 1623:

The Mongol invasion of Central Asia is one of the turning points in the history of the region. The Mongols had such a lasting impact because they established the tradition that the legitimate ruler of any Central Asian state could only be a blood descendant of Genghis Khan.

1965:

By 1876, Russia had incorporated all three khanates (hence all of present-day Uzbekistan) into its empire, granting the khanates limited autonomy. In the second half of the 19th century, the Russian population of Uzbekistan grew and some industrialization occurred. The

1140:

With the arrival of the Greeks, writing based on the Greek alphabet began to spread on the territory of Bactria and Sogdiana. As a result of archaeological research on the territory of Sogdiana and Bactria, fragments of pottery with Greek inscriptions have been found.

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Zadneprovskiy, Y. A. (1 January 1994). "The Nomads of Northern Central Asia After The Invasion of Alexander". In Harmatta, János(ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Development of Sedentary and Nomadic Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250.UNESCO. pp.

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infiltration into Central Asia had started early, and the influence of the Turkic tribes was felt in Khwarazm before the campaigns of the Mongols, after the beginning of the Chingizid rule, bilingualism became more common. It is generally believed that these ancient

1820:

was a very educated person, he skillfully recited the Koran and provided it with commentaries in the Turkic language. Ubaydulla himself wrote poetry in Turkic, Persian and Arabic under the literary pseudonym Ubaydiy. A collection of his poems has reached us.

1725:

Timur's grandson Iskandar Sultan had a court that included a group of poets, for example, Mir Khaidar, whom Iskandar encouraged to write poetry in the Turkic language. Thanks to the patronage of Iskandar Sultan, the Turkic poem "Gul and Navruz" was written.

651:, notes that one of the leaders of Bursuk's troops in 1115–1116 was the "emir of the troops" Uzbek, the ruler of Mosul. According to Rashid ad-din, the last representative of the Oghuz dynasty of Ildegizids who ruled in Tabriz was Uzbek Muzaffar 1210–1225. 2114:

When the Supreme Soviet of Uzbekistan reluctantly approved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Karimov became president of the Republic of Uzbekistan. On August 31, 1991, Uzbekistan declared independence, marking September 1 as a national holiday.

2582:. The band is viewed as an important accessory, and can be made of fine fabrics and silks, decorated with intricate silver embroidery, and fitted with little bags for tobacco and keys. Traditionally, a hand crafted knife is placed in the band, known as 1674:(Tamerlane), emerged from these struggles in the 1380s as the dominant force in Mawarannahr. Although he was not a descendant of Genghis, Timur became the de facto ruler of Mawarannahr and proceeded to conquer all of western Central Asia, Iran, the 1867:

The Uzbeks' struggle with Iran also led to the cultural isolation of Central Asia from the rest of the Islamic world. In addition to these problems, the struggle with the nomads from the northern steppe continued. In the 17th and 18th centuries,

1557:

The most striking monument of the Karakhanid era in Samarkand was the palace of Ibrahim ibn Hussein (1178–1202), which was built in the citadel in the 12th century, where fragments of monumental painting depicting a Turkic ruler were discovered.

5205: 3929: : "The Oxus Civilization, also named the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (or Culture) (BMAC), developed in southern Central Asia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age and lasted for about half a millennium (ca. 2250–1700 BC)..." 921:

that finally shaped the Turkic language and identity of modern Uzbeks, while the unique grammatical and phonetical features of the Uzbek language as well as the modern Uzbek culture reflect the more ancient Iranian roots of the Uzbek people.

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In the Western Turkic Khaganate, in addition to various Turkic tribes, there were Iranian nomadic elements, which were gradually assimilated by the Turks. The urban population of Sogd, Khwarazm, Bactria was in close contact with the Turks.

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Karev, Yuri. "Un cycle de peintures murales d'époque qarakhanide (XIIe-XIIIe siècles) à la citadelle de Samarkand: le souverain et le peintre." Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 147, no. 4 (2003):

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because of their endless wars against each other and the Persians and because of strong competition for the throne among the khans in power and their heirs. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Shaybanid dynasty was replaced by the

1265: 1118:, daughter of a local Bactrian chieftain. The conquest was supposedly of little help to Alexander as popular resistance was fierce, causing Alexander's army to be bogged down in the region that became the northern part of Hellenistic 3441:

Richard H. Rowland, Richard N. Frye, C. Edmund Bosworth, Bertold Spuler, Robert D. McChesney, Yuri Bregel, Abbas Amanat, Edward Allworth, Peter B. Golden, Robert D. McChesney, Ian Matley, Ivan M. Steblin-Kamenskij, Gerhard Doerfer,

4942: 3809:, p. 219: "This high frequency of C2 is found among an Uzbek group residing in Afghanistan. We are inclined to think that this group is descended from the nomadic Uzbeks from the Qipchaq Steppe (Haber et al. 2012: table S4)." 4628: 2708:

arches of pepper, which are believed to keep "evil and enemies" abay. The exception to this are the southern regions of Uzbekistan, where a more round and colorful cap is worn by both males and females. In the western region of

3278:

A. H. Keane, A. Hingston Quiggin, A. C. Haddon, Man: Past and Present, p.312, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Google Books, quoted: "Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, Prince Uz (beg in Turki=a chief, or hereditary

1669:

In the early 14th century, however, as the empire began to break up into its constituent parts, the Chaghatai territory also was disrupted as the princes of various tribal groups competed for influence. One tribal chieftain,

1508:. Introduced mainly as slave soldiers to the Samanid dynasty, these Turks served in the armies of all the states of the region, including the Abbasid army. In the late 10th century, as the Samanids began to lose control of 1485:, a letter urging him to fight Amr-i Laith and the Saffarids whom the caliph considered usurpers. According to the letter, the caliph stated that he prayed for Ismail who the caliph considered as the rightful ruler of 3957:

Grenet Frantz, Regional interaction in Central Asia and northwest India in the Kidarite and Hephtalites periods in Indo-Iranian languages and peoples. Edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. Oxford university press, 2003.

1492:

Since the 9th century, the Turkization of the population of the Central Asian interfluve has been increasing. At this time, a military system was created, in which the influence of the Turkic military was strong.

1607:, Transoxiana continued to be prosperous and rich while maintaining the region's Perso-Islamic identity. However, a new incursion of nomads from the north soon changed this situation. This time the invader was 6013: 6140:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 515–532.

2313:, Qanghli, Kenigas, Durman, Darghut, Shoran, Shurin, Toma, Bahrin, Giray, Aghrikur, Anghit, Barkut, Tubin, Sart, Romdan, Matin, Busa, Yojqar, Qilwa, Dojar, Jurat, Qurlat, Mehdi, Kilaj, Sakhtiyon, Qirgh, 1234:

The First Turkic Khaganate and migration of the population played a large role in the formation of a sedentary Turkic population in the territory of the oases of Central Asia in the 6th–8th centuries.

1872:

nomads and Mongols continually raided the Uzbek khanates, causing widespread damage and disruption. In the beginning of the 18th century, the Khanate of Bukhara lost the fertile Fergana region, and a

5209: 2084: 2653:. Textile patterns are brightly colored in the shades of yellow, blue, green, violet, and orange, and often include up to six or seven different colors in various floral and/or geometrical designs. 5602:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 515

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brought many cronies and relatives into positions of power. In the mid-1980s, Moscow attempted to regain control by again purging the entire Uzbek party leadership. However, this move increased

4421:

Malikov A. "92 Uzbek Tribes" in Official Discourses and the Oral Traditions from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, p.515

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The Timurids supported the development of literature in the Turkic language. In 1398, Timur's son Miranshah ordered to draw up an official document in the Turkic language in the Uyghur script.

1699:

descendants, a wide range of religious and palatial construction projects were undertaken in Samarkand and other population centers. Timur also patronized scientists and artists; his grandson

1635:

networks in the region suffered extensive damage that was not repaired for several generations. Many Iranian-speaking populations were forced to flee southwards in order to avoid persecution.

1340:, which ruled the Arab world for five centuries beginning in 750, was established thanks in great part to assistance from Central Asian supporters in their struggle against the then-ruling 4938: 4457: 5698: 4620: 3516:

Quellen der klassischen Musiktradition Mittelasiens: Die usbekisch-tadshikischen maqom-Zyklen und ihre Beziehung zu anderen regionalen maqam-Traditionen im Vorderen and Mittleren Orient

1148:, Bukhara and Samarkand eventually became extremely wealthy cities, and at times Mawarannahr (Transoxiana) was one of the most influential and powerful Persian provinces of antiquity. 3537:

Villems, Richard; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Kivisild, Toomas; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Voevoda, Mikhail; Osipova, Ludmila; Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Damba, Larisa (2015-04-21).

1256:

The Turkic population of certain regions of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages had their own urban culture and used the proper Turkic terms, for example, baliq, which meant city.

1596:

In the late 12th century, a Turkic leader of Khorazm, which is the region south of the Aral Sea, united Khorazm, Transoxiana, and Iran under his rule. Under the rule of the Khorazm

1569:(also spelled Khorezm and Khwarazm). The Seljuks also defeated the Qarakhanids, but did not annex their territories outright. Instead they made the Qarakhanids a vassal state. The 1512:(Mawarannahr) and northeastern Iran, some of these soldiers came to positions of power in the government of the region, and eventually established their own states, albeit highly 4917: 1769:

By 1510, the Uzbeks had completed their conquest of Central Asia, including the territory of the present-day Uzbekistan. Of the states they established, the most powerful, the

1367:

continued its preeminent role in the region as the language of literature and government. The rulers of the eastern section of Iran and of Mawarannahr were Persians. Under the

4216:

Golden, Peter B. "An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples." Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East (1992): 228.

3398:

Golden, Peter B. "An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples." Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East (1992): 134.

1977: 1650:, the second son of Genghis. Orderly succession, prosperity, and internal peace prevailed in the Chaghatai lands, and the Mongol Empire as a whole remained strong and united. 7882: 3886: 1046:

In Khorzem and Qashkadarya, a majority of Uzbeks belong to West Eurasian maternal haplogroups, while considerably fewer belong to East Eurasian and South Asian haplogroups.

5766: 4403:

A.J.E.Bodrogligeti, «Muhammad Shaybanî's Bahru'l-huda : An Early Sixteenth Century Didactic Qasida in Chagatay», Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, vol.54 (1982), p. 1 and n.4

2422:, the government decided to replace the Cyrillic script with a modified Latin alphabet, specifically for Turkic languages. Historically, the nomadic Uzbeks who founded the 5913: 5593:

Firdaws al-iqbal. History of Khorezm by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirab Aghahi. Translated from Chaghatay and annotated by Yuri Bregel. Brill, 1999,р.55

1383:

The Samanids were a Persian state that reigned for 180 years, encompassing a vast territoriy stretching from Central Asia to West Asia. The Samanids were descendants of

5066: 4058:

Baratova L.S. Drevnetyurkskiye monety Sredney Azii VI-IX vv. (tipologiya, ikonografiya, istoricheskaya interpretatsiya). Avtoref. diss. kand. ist. nauk. Tashkent, 1995

5278: 5104: 5252: 4980: 4549: 1543:, who took the Samanid capital Bukhara in 999 AD, and ruled Transoxiana for the next two centuries. Samarkand was made the capital of the Western Qarakhanid state. 6009: 5790: 5423: 4891: 2950: 1081:, there was a Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex, which has recently been dated to c. 2250–1700 BC. That name is the modern archaeological designation for a 4495: 1638:

Following the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, his empire was divided among his four sons and his family members. Despite the potential for serious fragmentation,

3080:

Prajakti Kalra, Siddharth Saxena (2009). "Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in a Changing World Order". In Terterov, Marat (ed.).

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who overthrew the Saffarids and the Zaydites of Tabaristan, thus establishing a semiautonomous rule over Transoxania and Khorasan, with Bukhara as his capital.

7645: 1007:, a West Eurasian haplogroup, occurs at a rate of 5.9–21.4% in Uzbek males. This haplogroup has been present in the Middle East for tens of thousands of years. 5957: 4793: 1285: 126: 9397: 9253: 9031: 7484: 4167:

Bregel Yuri, Turko-Mongol influences in Central Asia in Turco-Persia in Historical Perspective Edited by R. Canfield (Cambridge University Press), 1991, p.56

5555: 3162: 1962:. Khiva became a Russian protectorate in 1873, and the Khanat of Kokand finally was incorporated into the Russian Empire, also as a protectorate, in 1876. 2079: 5638: 4518: 4430:

Bregel, Yuri. "The New Uzbek States: Bukhara, Khiva and Khoqand: c. 1750–1886." The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age (2009): 392–411.

2995: 1215: 7451:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former 5452: 2362: 1946:

prevented cotton delivery from Russia's primary supplier, the southern United States, Central Asian cotton assumed much greater importance for Russia.

1729:

The Timurid state quickly broke into two halves after the death of Timur. The chronic internal fighting of the Timurids attracted the attention of the

1259:

The Turks had a great influence in the development of the armament of the Sogdians. The Turks are depicted in the wall paintings of ancient Samarkand.

3911: 3175:"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 5004: 57: 2589:

Shirts are white and wide, made of cotton, and usually worn underneath the coat. Some of them have patterns on the sleeves and the neckline, called

1496:

In the 9th century, the continued influx of nomads from the northern steppes brought a new group of people into Central Asia. These people were the

7860: 4234:

Introduction to The Jawami u'l-hikayat wa Lawami'ur-riwayat of Sadidu'u-din Muhammad al-Awfi by Muhammad Nizamu'd-din. London: Luzac & Co, 1929

4049:

Marshak Boris. Legends, tales and fables in the art of Sogdiana with an appendix by V.A. Livshits. New York: Bibliotheca persica press, 2002. Р.168

3386:

Etienne de la Vaissiere, Is there a „Nationality of the Hephtalites?" in Bulletin of the Asia institute. New series. Volume 17. 2003. , p. 129—130

2144:

Dissident Islamist and anti-Soviet Central Asians fled to Afghanistan, British India, and to the Hijaz in Saudi Arabia. The last Emir of Bukhara

767:

was the first Turkic ruler to convert to Islam, most people of Central Asia soon followed. In the 12th century, Transoxiana was conquered by the

5301: 4441: 2149: 5686: 2900: 1995: 1734: 885: 3056: 2260:. Due to aid requirements for refugees, repatriation of camp dwellers took place. In the 1800s, Konya's north Bogrudelik was settled by Tatar 1801:, for the rich far-eastern territory of present-day Iran. The struggle with the Safavids also had a religious aspect, because the Uzbeks were 1438:

The Samanid Empire was the first native Persian dynasty to arise after the Muslim Arab conquest. The four grandsons of the dynasty's founder,

3985: 775:

dynasty, they brought to Central Asia the Chinese system of government. In the 13th century, Kara-Khanid Khanate was destroyed by the Turkic

4040:

Sims-Williams Nicholas, Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan. I. Legal and economic documents. London: Oxford university press, 2000

3474:

A. H. Nauta, "Der Lautwandel von a > o and von a > ä in der özbekischen Schriftsprache," Central Asiatic Journal 16, 1972, pp. 104–18.

1646:

maintained orderly succession for several more generations, and control of most of Mawarannahr stayed in the hands of direct descendants of

2845: 2816: 791:

peoples were linguistically assimilated by smaller but dominant Turkic-speaking groups while the sedentary population finally adopted the

4158:

The book of government, or, Rules for kings: the Siyar al-Muluk, or, Siyasat-nama of Nizam al-Mulk, Niẓām al-Mulk, Hubert Darke, pg.18–19

4020: 2059:. For some time, these 101 victims were not identified, apart from the fact that they were Soviets, until an investigation by journalist 4366: 3458: 7638: 5669: 5334: 5035: 3130: 3038: 763:, their arrival in Transoxiana signalled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia. The Kara-Khanid ruler 5856: 4913: 4314:

Matsui, Dai, Ryoko WATABE, and Hiroshi Ono. «A Turkic-Persian Decree of Timurid Mīrān Šāh of 800 AH/1398 CE.» Orient 50 (2015): 53–75.

965:

A study on modern Central Asians comparing them to ancient historical samples found that Uzbeks can be modeled as 48.8–65.1% Iron Age

113: 9246: 9024: 7477: 3257: 2597:, are loosely cut, but narrow to the bottom, and are tucked into soft leather boots with pointed toes, for the ease of horse riding. 1737:

who were living to the north of the Aral Sea. In 1501, the Uzbeks began a wholesale invasion of Mawarannahr. Under the leadership of

4758: 4328: 6199: 4412:

B. V. Norik, Rol shibanidskikh praviteley v literaturnoy zhizni Maverannakhra XVI v. // Rakhmat-name. Sankt Petersburg, 2008, p.230

3883: 2353:, Fuladchi, Jalot Uljin or Olchin, Chimbay, Tilab, Mochar or Majar, Ojinbay, Badoy, Kelchi, Ilaj, Jebirgan, Botiya, Timan, Yankuz, 2334: 4588: 1593:

Turkic words and terms characteristic of the literature of the 11th century are used in the modern Bukhara dialect of the Uzbeks.

5878: 5831: 5905: 5206:"Special: Dangerous Preaching: The Role of Religious Leaders in the Rise of Radical Islam in Central Asia. By Nurbek Bekmurzaev" 9407: 9392: 5791:Итоги национальной переписи населения 2009 года. Национальный состав, вероисповедание и владения языками в Республике Казахстан 4652: 3109: 1363:

As the Abbasid Caliphate began to weaken and local Islamic Iranian states emerged as the rulers of Iran and Central Asia, the

9372: 7631: 5522: 5484: 5417: 5246: 5189: 5098: 5060: 5050: 4974: 4489: 4451: 4360: 3979: 3717:"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples" 3089: 1360:. Some of the greatest historians, scientists, and geographers in the history of Islamic culture were natives of the region. 5490: 4277:

Kilichev E. R., Vostochno-tyurkskiy yazyk XI veka i leksika bukharskogo govora // Sovetskaya tyurkologiya, 1975, No. 6, p.87

2946: 2238:

from different places were Farghani, Marghilani, Namangani, and Kokandi. Kokandi was used to refer to Uzbeks from Ferghana.

2071:

said that, despite having seeing them once as a teenager, he would recall the soldiers' faces, whenever he closed his eyes.

1043:

belong to East Eurasian and South Asian maternal haplogroups, while considerably fewer belong to West Eurasian haplogroups.

9387: 9382: 9377: 9367: 9239: 9017: 7853: 7470: 5584:

Allworth Edward, The modern Uzbeks from the fourteenth century to the present: a cultural history, Hoover Press, 1990, p.74

5274: 5088: 3140: 2925: 4676: 1907: 9262: 8988: 5983: 5236: 4964: 4557: 1144:

In 2nd century BC China began to develop its silk trade with the West. Because of this trade on what became known as the

917:. The position of Chagatai (and later Uzbek) was further strengthened after the fall of the Timurids and the rise of the 5407: 4887: 3191:

The Uighurs, too, are Turkic Muslims, linguistically and culturally more closely related to the Uzbeks than the Kazakhs.

2575:

time, both in winter and summer, was seen as a status symbol, and indicated a certain level of prestige for the family.

1999: 5961: 4202: 3131:"ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS" 1033: 4479: 3527:

T. Levin, The Music and Tradition of the Bukharan Shashmaqam in Soviet Uzbekistan, Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton, 1984

1578:

migrate into the region during this period. The power of the Seljuks however became diminished when the Seljuk Sultan

1523:, established in the last years of the 10th century. The Ghaznavid state, which captured Samanid domains south of the 9160: 7703: 5811: 5737: 4825: 4263: 3359: 3352:

Qazaqlïq, or Ambitious Brigandage, and the Formation of the Qazaqs: State and Identity in Post-Mongol Central Eurasia

3334: 986: 86: 17: 2871: 1685: 9412: 9219: 8998: 4782: 4697: 1711:

in its own right in Mawarannahr, although the Timurids were Persianate in nature. The greatest Chaghataid writer,

1703:

was one of the world's first great astronomers. It was during the Timurid dynasty that Turkic, in the form of the

1516:. With the emergence of a Turkic ruling group in the region, other Turkic tribes began to migrate to Transoxiana. 9417: 9362: 9040: 7846: 6478: 6090:

Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (September 2002).

5549: 2755: 1628: 873: 869: 4851: 2533:

survives today and is followed by 7,000 people in Uzbekistan. According to 2009 national census 1,673 Uzbeks in

9422: 7869: 1306: 5645: 5130: 2089:, which had long resented Soviet policies such as the imposition of cotton monoculture and the suppression of 5363: 4873: 3716: 2999: 2242:

of 1990. Official figures have placed anywhere between 400 thousand to 800 thousand Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia.

1991: 1852:

European-dominated ocean transport expanded and some trading centers were destroyed, cities such as Bukhara,

5446: 9209: 9145: 8901: 7748: 7654: 7013: 6192: 2765: 1201: 569: 5804:

Russia's Islam and Orthodoxy beyond the Institutions: Languages of Conversion, Competition and Convergence

5011: 2947:""Statistical Yearbook of the Kyrgyz Republic – Publications Archive – Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic"" 7493: 5936: 5232: 3135: 2679:, a movement to liberate women from the "patrarchal" and "outdated" practice of wearing veils, known as 2234: 1245:

The Turkic population of the Fergana Valley had their own runic writing. The Turkic rulers of Ferghana,

1172: 9214: 9135: 7522: 7079: 5575:Султанов Т. Кочевые племена Приаралья в XV—XVII вв.// Вопросы этнической и социальной истории. М., 1982 4110:

Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, pg.31, By Minhāj Sirāj Jūzjānī

2777: 2716:, men, also wear a traditional fur hat, made out of sheepskin in predominantly white and black colors. 1392: 740: 31: 3017: 9295: 9130: 7806: 7517: 6133: 4599: 2625:

The female version of the attire consists of a traditional robe, functional dress made of satin, and

2453: 2032: 5392: 5305: 5158: 3884:"Questioning the Oxus Civilization or Bactria- Margiana Archaeological Culture (BMAC): an overview" 2892: 9140: 9097: 8963: 8282: 7796: 7411: 7370: 6538: 3052: 1954: 1730: 880: 802: 764: 30:

This article is about Uzbeks as an ethnic group. For information about citizens of Uzbekistan, see

4193:

Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "Chapter 6: The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M. S.; Bosworth, C. E. (eds.),

4076:

Bartol'd V.V. Raboty po istoricheskoy geografii. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2002. pp.360–363.

3969: 2128: 1922:

The Defence of the Samarkand Citadel in 1868. From the Russian Illustrated Magazine "Niva" (1872).

9190: 8826: 8181: 7811: 7738: 7567: 6578: 6503: 6267: 6260: 6185: 4939:"CPC | Central Asian Labor Migration: Exploring New Destinations Amid Geopolitical Tensions" 4726: 3082:

Russian and CIS Relations with the Gulf Region: Current Trends in Political and Economic Dynamics

2329:, Qalon, Ushin, Ormaq, Chubi, Lechi, Qari, Moghol, Hafiz dad Kaln, Belad Bustan, Quchi Qetaghan, 1943: 1604: 1547:

of the Turkic peoples, Tafsir (commentary on the Koran) was translated into the Turkic language.

788: 118: 2837: 2812: 2124: 1773:, centered on the city of Bukhara. The khanate controlled Mawarannahr, especially the region of 728:, has a Bactrian inscription containing the title of the ruler: "Oglar Khun", of Turkic origin. 9330: 9087: 8814: 8542: 8252: 7960: 7890: 7801: 7572: 7401: 5623: 3412:. Vol. III/1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. pp. 613–24. 0-521-24693-8. 1473:

was not formally recognized by the caliph until the early 10th century when the Saffarid ruler

1119: 1055: 714: 4149:

The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana By Sheila S. Blair, pg. 27

4008: 3825: 9310: 9290: 9102: 8554: 7931: 7057: 6352: 5379: 5145: 4350: 3455: 3451: 2770: 1824: 1227: 5327: 3206:"Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events" 2570:, which is usually made from a variety of colorful stripes, or other types of patterns. The 1489:. The letter had a profound effect on Ismail, as he was determined to oppose the Saffarids. 9155: 9092: 8993: 8968: 8266: 7594: 7552: 7527: 7396: 6733: 6357: 6237: 5852: 5554:. Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie. 2006. p. 174. 3217: 2208: 2192: 2064: 2020: 1095:

Samarkand began to appear as centers of government and culture. By the 5th century BC, the

1003: 732:

Iranian-speaking and Turkic-speaking, with the nomadic, mainly Turkic-speaking population.

691: 3253: 2813:"Permanent population by national and / Or ethnic group, urban / Rural place of residence" 1565:

led themselves into the western part of the region, conquering the Ghaznavid territory of

1242:

the Sogdian language was discovered, in the text of which there is a Turkic name Turkash

1122:. For many centuries the region of Uzbekistan was ruled by Persian empires, including the 8: 9320: 9195: 9180: 9170: 8935: 7599: 7557: 7260: 6548: 6283: 6092:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia" 5729: 5694: 5360:"Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in Changing World Order" 4596: 4131:

Iran and America: Re-Kinding a Love Lost By Badi Badiozamani, Ghazal Badiozamani, pg. 123

2745: 2449: 2435: 2354: 2322: 2003: 1789:

at the mouth of the Amu Darya. The Khanate of Bukhara was initially led by the energetic

1570: 1474: 1317: 930:

Uzbeks share a large portion of their ancestry with nearby Turkic populations, including

760: 744: 6068: 3221: 1395:. In governing their territory, the Samanids modeled their state organization after the 643:

The personal name "Uzbek" is found in Arabic and Persian historical writings. Historian

9305: 9082: 8864: 8834: 8750: 8328: 8260: 7829: 7532: 6941: 6743: 6653: 6553: 5052:

Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States

4585: 4519:"From 'Slavers' to 'Warlords': Descriptions of Afghanistan's Uzbeks in western writing" 3861: 3692: 3634: 3599: 3573: 3538: 2760: 2661: 2613: 2448:

school, but variations exist between northern and southern Uzbeks. According to a 2009

2265: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2145: 1797:. The Shaybanids initially competed against Iran for a few years, which was led by the 1770: 1750: 1712: 1600: 1513: 1133:

In the first centuries, the northern territories of modern Uzbekistan were part of the

776: 710: 557: 496:, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority 6116: 6091: 5882: 5827: 5627:(CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 1999. 8896: 8857: 8839: 8052: 7899: 7099: 6998: 6459: 6317: 6121: 5807: 5733: 5663: 5518: 5480: 5413: 5242: 5185: 5094: 5056: 5029: 4970: 4747: 4485: 4447: 4356: 4324: 4259: 4198: 3975: 3878: 3876: 3853: 3845: 3738: 3697: 3679: 3639: 3621: 3578: 3560: 3355: 3330: 3235: 3156: 3085: 3032: 2791: 2578:

The coat, or the shirt worn underneath, is tied with a folded handlerchief or a band

2519: 1971: 1873: 1794: 1738: 1708: 1704: 1341: 1337: 1011: 974: 918: 910: 699: 644: 4649: 4254:

Golden, Peter. B. (1990), "The Karakhanids and Early Islam", in Sinor, Denis (ed.),

2472:

came to practice religion with a more liberal interpretation due to the movement of

1442:, had been rewarded with provinces for their faithful service to the Abbasid caliph 1357: 654:

The name Uzbek seems to have become widely adopted as an ethnonym under the rule of

8914: 8891: 8844: 8761: 8672: 8439: 8429: 8373: 8362: 8035: 8011: 7919: 7406: 7052: 6899: 6768: 6700: 6629: 6573: 6558: 6543: 6528: 6498: 6488: 6464: 6400: 6307: 6164: 6111: 6103: 5177: 3865: 3837: 3728: 3687: 3671: 3629: 3611: 3568: 3550: 3225: 3105: 2964: 2735: 2403: 2358: 2156: 2068: 2052: 1918: 1782: 1587: 1536: 1486: 1412: 1364: 1016: 792: 541: 394: 4085:

Raspopova V.I. Metallicheskiye izdeliya rannesrednevekovogo Sogda. Leningrad: 1980

3873: 3600:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe" 3303:

Usama ibn Munkyz. Kniga nazidaniya. per. Yu. I. Krachkovskogo. Moscow, 1958, p.134

1065: 9402: 8951: 8925: 8886: 8801: 8768: 8755: 8506: 8424: 8065: 8016: 7914: 7768: 7587: 7582: 7416: 7023: 6934: 6773: 6753: 6658: 6648: 6634: 6563: 6523: 6518: 6483: 6384: 6338: 6312: 5722: 5474: 4656: 4592: 3918: 3890: 3555: 3462: 3230: 3205: 2399: 2075: 1798: 1388: 1325: 1193: 1123: 1091: 914: 810: 703: 549: 2921: 64: 9300: 8973: 8956: 8782: 8727: 8586: 8581: 8524: 8464: 8409: 8227: 8221: 8211: 8122: 8101: 7950: 7945: 7728: 7623: 7452: 7335: 7084: 6839: 6763: 6705: 6624: 6568: 6533: 6508: 6493: 6424: 6251: 6216: 6208: 4672: 3443: 2750: 2730: 2713: 2549: 2530: 2477: 2395: 2389: 1981:

Uzbek Mulla Dzhan Turdi Ali, uncle of the Kokand Khan's older son, 19th century

1932: 1817: 1778: 1562: 1497: 1478: 994: 906: 752: 743:

stationed in large parts of Central Asia. But Chinese influence ended with the

486: 439: 389: 379: 35: 9231: 9009: 8740: 8621: 7462: 7221: 6619: 5987: 3841: 3733: 3616: 3539:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 2691: 9356: 9185: 9150: 8709: 8695: 8661: 8633: 8615: 8569: 8563: 8501: 8489: 8379: 8152: 8145: 8139: 8116: 7980: 7969: 7758: 7713: 7683: 7678: 7380: 7185: 7155: 7089: 7028: 6920: 6913: 6860: 6748: 6738: 6513: 6333: 4605: 3849: 3742: 3683: 3675: 3625: 3564: 2605: 2423: 2310: 2138: 2095: 2074:

Moscow's control over Uzbekistan weakened in the 1970s as Uzbek party leader

2060: 2040: 1845: 1813:

in the Central Asian Turkic literary language in 1508, is located in London.

1647: 1643: 1482: 1463: 1384: 1219: 966: 951: 935: 931: 893: 841: 826: 813:

listed three basic ethnic elements contributing to the Uzbeks' ethnogenesis:

797: 772: 695: 648: 384: 360: 7610: 7542: 6056:

Calum MacLeod, Bradley Mayhew "Uzbekistan. Golden Road to Samarkand" page31.

5451:. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. p. 20. 4621:"Commemorating the 1916 Massacres in Kyrgyzstan? Russia Sees a Western Plot" 3826:"The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns" 2155:

In the recent times, many Uzbeks started to migrate to various countries as

2106: 1163: 724:

in the fifth century. The seal of the Kidarites, made in the 5th century in

713:. From 6th to 8th century, what is today's Uzbekistan was under the rule of 709:

From the fifth to sixth century, what is today's Uzbekistan was part of the

9059: 8930: 8906: 8870: 8849: 8775: 8745: 8735: 8702: 8687: 8627: 8601: 8516: 8337: 8302: 8290: 8190: 8166: 8159: 8110: 8090: 8076: 8060: 7780: 7688: 7673: 7668: 7428: 7295: 7280: 7094: 7033: 7003: 6967: 6927: 6791: 6663: 6640: 6408: 6344: 6231: 6125: 3857: 3701: 3643: 3582: 3239: 2665: 2523: 2492: 2419: 2376: 2180: 2044: 2024: 2017: 1959: 1719:, now in northwestern Afghanistan, in the second half of the 15th century. 1682:. He also invaded Russia before dying during an invasion of China in 1405. 1608: 1583: 1579: 1085: 1078: 865: 783: 736: 735:

Turkic and Chinese migration into Central Asia occurred during the Chinese

659: 583: 545: 529: 493: 489: 324: 287: 7577: 5230: 5181: 4817: 4225:

Borovkov, A.K. Leksika sredneaziatskogo tefsira: XII—XIII vv. Moscow, 1963

2868:"Afghanistan people groups, languages and religions | Joshua Project" 2452:

report, Uzbekistan's population is 96.3% Muslim, around 54% identifies as

2426:

and its other successor states spoke various dialects of Turkic language.

1551: 1320:, and were also highly motivated by the desire to spread their new faith, 1088:

of Central Asia, previously dated to c. 2400–1900 BC by Sandro Salvatori.

9315: 9165: 8716: 8655: 8643: 8638: 8608: 8479: 8344: 8296: 8216: 8206: 8201: 8083: 8022: 8005: 7993: 7986: 7975: 7925: 7838: 7547: 7537: 7432: 7315: 7310: 7254: 6758: 6674: 6601: 6470: 6451: 6274: 6169: 6152: 3659: 3536: 2996:"The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan" 2867: 2500: 2496: 2441: 2372: 2281: 2197: 2164: 2048: 1832: 1828: 1540: 1528: 1509: 1505: 1459: 1439: 1408: 1329: 1246: 845: 768: 756: 748: 513: 509: 410: 214: 68: 6048:

Belenitskii, Aleksandr M.; Marshak, B.I. (1981). Azarpay, Guitty (ed.).

1151:

In 350–375 AD, Sogdiana and Tashkent oasis were captured by the nomadic

856:(particularly in the western region) and many Turkicized Mongol tribes ( 832:

the pre-Uzbek amalgam of nomadic Türk(î) or Chagatays, who consisted of

702:

in the sixth to fourth centuries BC and, by the 3rd century CE, part of

9266: 9107: 8918: 8649: 8594: 8575: 8530: 8449: 8434: 8351: 8317: 8310: 8234: 7939: 7908: 7718: 7708: 7693: 7115: 6362: 6080: 6059: 6038: 5514:

Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan

5476:

Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan

2838:"Afghan Population: 34,940,837 (July 2018 est.) [Uzbeks = 11%]" 2704: 2695:

An Uzbek man wearing a skullcap, otherwise known as doppa or tyubeteika

2534: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2368: 2221: 2217: 2056: 1970:

engaged in educational reform among Muslims of Central Asia. To escape

1790: 1632: 1574: 1520: 1375:, the rich Perso-Islamic culture of Mawarannahr continued to flourish. 1292: 1272: 1145: 1114:

Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria in 329 BC, marrying

1082: 655: 525: 521: 517: 501: 497: 268: 250: 232: 196: 7300: 6444: 5448:

Central Asia File: Newsletter of the Central Asian Studies Association

4067:

Smirnova O. I., Svodnyy katalog sogdiyskikh monet. Moscow, 1981, p.59.

3501:

J. Bečka, "Tajik Literature from the 16th Century to the Present," in

1378: 8241: 8041: 8029: 7763: 7330: 7320: 7267: 7234: 7120: 6906: 6868: 6849: 6829: 6804: 6710: 6244: 5611:

Shoniyozov K., Oʻzbek xalqining shakllanish jarayoni, Toshkent, 2001.

3502: 2922:"Uzbek, Northern people group in all countries | Joshua Project" 2676: 2618: 2406:

branch. Modern Uzbek is written in wide variety of scripts including

2133: 2063:. Their plight was also studied by Uzbek historian Bahodir Uzakov of 2028: 2008: 1742: 1700: 1663: 1524: 1477:

had asked the caliph for the investiture of Transoxiana. The caliph,

1447: 1432: 1424: 1223: 1197: 725: 721: 687: 5754: 4914:"Uzbekistan, Poland to expand relations in field of labor migration" 4848:"(منبع العرفان) تفسير كبير باللغة الأوزبكية (القديمة) بالحرف العربي" 4847: 4705: 1761: 8444: 8384: 8357: 7733: 7440: 7285: 7229: 7215: 7200: 7175: 7165: 7135: 6824: 6811: 6797: 6378: 6107: 5126: 3596: 3421: 3419: 3272: 2538: 2415: 2306: 2256:

Many ethnic Uzbeks moved from Afghanistan to Pakistan owing to the

2036: 1950: 1836: 1774: 1679: 1675: 1501: 1443: 1404: 1396: 1368: 1185: 1127: 1104: 1100: 1040: 1029: 943: 853: 683: 675: 342: 5359: 4119:

The historical, social and economic setting By M. S. Asimov, pg.79

2273: 9175: 9064: 9054: 8794: 8496: 8484: 8474: 8454: 8414: 8404: 8399: 8394: 7753: 7723: 7375: 7325: 7275: 7249: 7244: 7205: 7195: 7150: 7145: 7130: 7047: 6993: 6956: 6951: 6844: 6834: 6819: 6668: 6437: 6391: 6302: 6177: 6163:(3). Ultimate Reality and Meaning 8.3 (1985): 172–195.: 172–195. 5444: 4604:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3202: 3184: 2740: 2709: 2488:

conquered the area, displacing the earlier faiths of the region.

2350: 2342: 2338: 2326: 2298: 2269: 2172: 1903: 1897: 1869: 1861: 1786: 1781:

in the east, and northern Afghanistan. A second Uzbek state, the

1690: 1566: 1470: 1451: 1416: 1403:'s court and organization. They were rewarded for supporting the 1349: 1250: 1152: 1096: 1070: 1028:

According to a 2010 study, slightly more than 50% of Uzbeks from

970: 939: 833: 679: 553: 505: 426: 422: 6062:

Nationalism in Uzbekistan: Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty

3660:"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians" 3416: 3368: 2476:

which arose as an indigenous reform movement during the time of

1519:

The first of the Turkic states in the region was the Persianate

104: 9277: 8788: 8681: 8459: 8419: 8389: 8367: 8272: 7999: 7743: 7698: 7350: 7340: 7290: 7239: 7190: 7180: 7160: 7140: 7125: 7039: 6975: 6961: 6893: 6878: 6873: 6854: 6682: 6089: 5755:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 3492:

A. von Gabain, "Özbekische Grammatik", Leipzig and Vienna, 1945

2567: 2563: 2515: 2445: 2407: 2346: 2330: 2318: 2277: 2176: 2160: 1939: 1893: 1612: 1400: 1372: 1310: 1134: 1115: 1108: 1069:

Female statuette bearing the kaunakes. Chlorite and limestone,

959: 955: 861: 857: 849: 671: 670:

Before the 5th century, what is today's Uzbekistan was part of

579: 533: 306: 6010:"Stock Photos, Royalty-Free Images and Vectors – Shutterstock" 5238:

Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States

9325: 8808: 8536: 8511: 8469: 8196: 8070: 7562: 7448: 7345: 7305: 7210: 7170: 6888: 6883: 6715: 6430: 5275:"The Myth of Militant Islam: Uzbekistan – Transitions Online" 5048: 4352:

Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls

3327:

Constructing the Uzbek State: Narratives of Post-Soviet Years

2680: 2518:

there are some long-term Uzbek workers who have converted to

2506:

community. According to 2009 national census 1,794 Uzbeks in

2491:

A 2015 study estimates some 10,000 Muslim Uzbek converted to

2485: 2481: 2473: 2457: 2411: 2302: 2090: 1967: 1889: 1877: 1857: 1802: 1746: 1716: 1671: 1639: 1532: 1455: 1428: 1420: 1353: 1321: 1313: 1276: 898: 837: 805:

to Turkic and New Persian was predominantly the result of an

537: 6153:"The Uzbeks and Their Ideas of Ultimate Reality and Meaning" 3187:

Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora

2562:

Uzbek clothing includes a loose-fitting cotton coat, called

1155:

tribes who arrived from the steppe regions of Central Asia.

7444: 7436: 6083:

The Resurgence of Central Asia : Islam or Nationalism?

3013: 2725: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2314: 2297:

Uzbeks are said to have included 92 tribes in their orbit:

1853: 1806: 1597: 822: 818: 5328:"Islamic Revivalism and Political Attitudes in Uzbekistan" 4481:

Afghanistan Declassified: A Guide to America's Longest War

2609:

Uzbek children, in traditional clothing 19th–20th century.

1678:, Asia Minor, and the southern steppe region north of the 5299: 5093:. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. pp. 246–. 4969:. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. pp. 245–. 4134: 2893:"Tajikistan Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)" 2213: 2202: 2168: 1658: 1561:

The dominance of Ghazna was curtailed, however, when the

612: 4673:"Why were 101 Uzbeks killed in the Netherlands in 1942?" 4183:

Lubin, Nancy. "Turkification of Mawarannahr". In Curtis.

2633:

worn by males, and are made of various fabrics, such as

2027:. In response, many Central Asians, including Uzbeks or 1036:, while nearly 50% belong to West Eurasian haplogroups. 6041:

The Modern Uzbeks: From the 14th Century to the Present

5697:'s Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012. 3408:"Irano-Turkish Relations in the Late Sasanian Period". 3394: 3392: 2418:. After the independence of Uzbekistan from the former 2972:"2023 жыл басына Қазақстан Республикасы халқының саны" 1279:, whom he displaced. Tokharistan, late 7th century CE. 954:, while the best proxy for their eastern ancestry are 801:

of the eastern Islamic lands. The language-shift from

3921:, in Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds.), 3893:, in Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds.), 2775: 1539:. The Ghaznavids were closely followed by the Turkic 1019:

peoples, along with minor Uzbek haplogroups O3 and N.

6050:

Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art

5753:

Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).

5405: 4664: 4140:

History of Bukhara by Narshakhi, Chapter XXIV, Pg 79

3910:

Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020a).

3882:

Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020b).

3656: 3389: 2000:

Islam in the Netherlands § The Second World War

844:' khaganates, and later of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, 817:

the Turkicized, formerly Iranian-speaking sedentary

34:. For a list of notable people from Uzbekistan, see 4477: 2212:part of the country, particularly in the cities of 1379:

Samanid Empire, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanid Khanate

647:(d. 1188), describing the events in Iran under the 6047: 5786: 5784: 5721: 5086: 4962: 4484:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 32–. 4127: 4125: 3761: 3483:A. Raun, Basic course in Uzbek, Bloomington, 1969. 3374: 3143:. 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024 1500:who lived in the great grasslands stretching from 1295:towards the end of his reign. Tokharistan, 728 CE. 821:, a composite population including both Iranians ( 5728:. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers. pp. 5224: 5049:Sebastian Maisel; John A. Shoup (February 2009). 4999: 4997: 3288: 2664:and the subsequent establishment of communism in 2051:, abused and killed. Their bodies were buried in 1693:with ladies of his harem and retainers, 1425–1450 1415:, and with their established capitals located in 9354: 7653: 6071:DNA analysis tracks Silk Road forbears [ 5934: 5510: 5504: 5472: 5438: 5042: 4874:"Uzbekistan Looks to Diversify Labour Migration" 4197:, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO, pp. 119–144, 4101:Lubin, Nancy. "Early Islamic period". In Curtis. 4009:"Maracanda/Samarkand, une métropole pré-mongole" 3427:An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples 3324: 3254:"Uzbek Minority – Chinese Nationalities (Ozbek)" 3161:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1864:(Urgench) in Khorazm began to steadily decline. 1749:in 1505 and 1507, respectively, and founded the 1550:The founder of the Western Karakhanid Kaganate, 1431:, they carved their kingdom after defeating the 9261: 9039: 7492: 5781: 5752: 4122: 2529:The ancient pre-Islamic religion of Uzbekistan- 2150:As-Sayyid Qāsim bin Abd al-Jabbaar Al-Andijaani 5466: 4994: 4439: 3079: 2830: 2586:, Chust made knives are famous in particular. 2468:order. The majority of Uzbeks from the former 1996:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war 1856:, and Samarkand in the Khanate of Bukhora and 1462:in 875, but it was his brother and successor, 985:Based on the research of several studies, the 9247: 9025: 7854: 7639: 7615: 7478: 6193: 4956: 4446:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 63–. 4348: 3790: 3788: 3315:. Sbornik letopisey. T.1., kn.1. Moscow, 1952 1953:was completed in the late 1850s, the Russian 1653: 1535:apart from Central Asia, during the reign of 512:minorities, and also form minority groups in 9398:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China 5517:. University Press of America. p. 123. 4888:"Germany and Uzbekistan sign migration deal" 4670: 4573:Lubin, Nancy. "Russian conquest". In Curtis. 4471: 4433: 594:. Another theory states that the name means 5399: 4550:"Jogies Leading Impoverished Life in Balkh" 3349: 3075: 3073: 1527:, was able to conquer large areas of Iran, 540:. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in 473: 467: 465: 450: 444: 166: 160: 158: 9254: 9240: 9032: 9018: 7868: 7861: 7847: 7646: 7632: 7485: 7471: 6200: 6186: 5445:Central Asian Studies Association (1990). 5409:Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia 5357: 4192: 3971:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set 3785: 3437: 3435: 3185:Touraj Atabaki, Sanjyot Mehendale (2004). 1883: 1210: 6168: 6150: 6115: 4478:Brian Glyn Williams (22 September 2011). 4342: 4305:Lubin, Nancy. "Rule of Timur". In Curtis. 4289:Lubin, Nancy. "Mongol period". In Curtis. 4256:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia 3948:Lubin, Nancy. "Early history". In Curtis. 3870:Regional results can be seen in figure 3. 3732: 3691: 3633: 3615: 3572: 3554: 3229: 2668:, women wore traditional veils, known as 2495:, most of them belonging to some sort of 2094:the appointment of ethnic Uzbek outsider 1741:, the Uzbeks conquered the key cities of 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 5828:"Uzbakestan Zoroastrians at Gatha Class" 5691:The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity 4618: 4394:Lubin, Nancy. "Uzbek period". In Curtis. 4195:History of Civilisations of Central Asia 3819: 3817: 3815: 3123: 3070: 2690: 2612: 2604: 2548: 2367: 2196: 2148:fled to Afghanistan. The Islamist Uzbek 2132: 2105: 2007: 1976: 1917: 1823: 1760: 1684: 1657: 1336:various Persian dynasties. In fact, the 1214: 1064: 1032:belong to East Eurasian and South Asian 892: 747:. During the ninth and tenth centuries, 616:. A third theory holds that the variant 129:of all important aspects of the article. 6043:, Hoover Institution Press (July 1990). 5906:"An Uzbek Knife And Hat, Made In China" 5903: 5681: 5679: 5542: 5090:Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia 4966:Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia 4547: 3830:International Journal of Legal Medicine 3432: 2039:. However, a number of them, including 1949:As soon as the Russian conquest of the 1300: 1023: 980: 578:is disputed. One view holds that it is 58:not related to the topic of the article 14: 9355: 5801: 5668:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5034:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4643: 4516: 4253: 4186: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4006: 3974:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 243. 3967: 3037:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2464:. And around 11% say they belong to a 2287: 1458:. Ahmad's son Nasr became governor of 779:, a former vassal of the Qara Khitai. 125:Please consider expanding the lead to 9235: 9013: 7842: 7627: 7614: 7466: 6181: 5719: 5701:from the original on 26 December 2016 5614: 5171: 4894:from the original on 26 November 2023 4854:from the original on 10 November 2018 4783:"Repoirt on Central Asian extremisim" 4631:from the original on 18 December 2019 4581: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4517:Bleuer, Christian (17 October 2014). 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4355:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 25. 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4247: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 3823: 3812: 3246: 2553:Traditional Uzbek costume circa 1840. 2268:moved to Turkey to join the existing 1073:, beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. 720:The Turkic component was part of the 5676: 5426:from the original on 2 February 2023 5406:Christian van Gorder (5 June 2008). 5366:from the original on 2 February 2023 5255:from the original on 2 February 2023 4619:Sydykova, Zamira (20 January 2016). 4498:from the original on 2 February 2023 4369:from the original on 2 February 2023 4013:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 3988:from the original on 2 February 2023 3291:Uzbekistan: Golden Road to Samarkand 3141:United States Department of Commerce 2675:However, after the establishment of 2047:, were captured, transported to the 183:Regions with significant populations 98: 40: 8989:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China 5127:"The Complexity of Central Eurasia" 4349:Abraham Eraly (17 September 2007). 4088: 3968:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). 3806: 3794: 3779: 3767: 3755: 3714: 3518:, Ph.D. dissertation, Berlin, 1983. 2848:from the original on 4 January 2021 2375:, revolutionary leader against the 1913: 1188:, from his coinage (circa 450 CE). 27:Turkic ethnic group of Central Asia 24: 6207: 6144: 6096:American Journal of Human Genetics 5904:Pannier, Bruce (7 November 2015). 5859:from the original on 15 April 2016 5769:from the original on 13 March 2021 5687:"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation" 5124: 5055:. Greenwood Press. pp. 145–. 4576: 4564: 4381: 4325:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4292: 4280: 4170: 3942: 3925:, Routledge, London and New York, 3923:The World of the Oxus Civilization 3897:, Routledge, London and New York, 3895:The World of the Oxus Civilization 2712:and in the Autonomous Republic of 2600: 2129:Minorities in Turkey § Uzbeks 2101: 1972:Russians slaughtering them in 1916 1253:and Chach issued their own coins. 1060: 925: 739:, and Chinese armies commanded by 25: 9434: 6052:. University of California Press. 6016:from the original on 4 March 2016 5916:from the original on 4 March 2016 5174:The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia 4828:from the original on 21 June 2020 4625:The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst 4548:Saboory, Ghafoor (17 July 2015). 4529:from the original on 1 April 2019 3260:from the original on 4 March 2016 3053:""Национальный состав населения"" 2842:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2440:Uzbeks come from a predominantly 2125:Soviet Central Asia § Exiles 2118: 1926: 759:was under the rule of the Turkic 293:400,000 – 450,000 (2023 estimate) 9220:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 8994:Immigrant ethnic groups in China 7823: 7443:, distinct from Levantine (i.e. 6064:, Westview Press (October 1991). 6002: 5976: 5950: 5928: 5897: 5871: 5845: 5820: 5795: 5746: 5713: 5631: 5605: 5596: 5587: 5578: 5569: 5351: 5320: 5293: 5267: 5198: 5165: 5118: 5080: 4931: 4906: 4880: 4866: 3715:Lee, Joo-Yup (18 October 2017). 3329:. Lexington Books. p. 241. 3289:MacLeod, Calum; Bradley Mayhew. 2984:from the original on 2023-06-11. 2785: 2557: 2484:as early as the 8th century, as 2201:An Uzbek elder man in bazaar in 1785:was established in the oasis of 1618: 1284: 1264: 1171: 1162: 969:, and 34.9–51.2% Eastern Steppe 353: 335: 317: 299: 280: 261: 243: 225: 207: 189: 103: 45: 5958:"Heritage of Fergana armourers" 5834:from the original on 2020-10-30 5558:from the original on 2023-02-02 5531:from the original on 2023-02-02 5493:from the original on 2023-02-02 5479:. University Press of America. 5455:from the original on 2023-02-02 5340:from the original on 2020-11-27 5300:CENTRAL ASIA and THE CAUCASUS. 5281:from the original on 1 May 2017 5133:from the original on 2022-05-18 5107:from the original on 2023-02-02 5069:from the original on 2023-02-02 4983:from the original on 2023-02-02 4945:from the original on 2023-11-26 4920:from the original on 2023-11-26 4840: 4818:"قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني" 4810: 4799:from the original on 2016-04-30 4775: 4764:from the original on 2006-11-22 4740: 4719: 4690: 4679:from the original on 2020-03-30 4612: 4541: 4510: 4460:from the original on 2023-02-02 4424: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4331:from the original on 2021-04-15 4317: 4308: 4271: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4161: 4152: 4143: 4113: 4104: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4023:from the original on 2020-10-24 4000: 3961: 3951: 3932: 3904: 3800: 3773: 3749: 3708: 3664:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3650: 3590: 3530: 3521: 3508: 3505:, Hist. Iran. Lit., pp. 520–605 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3401: 3380: 3343: 3318: 3306: 3297: 3282: 3196: 3178: 3169: 3112:from the original on 2020-09-17 3098: 3059:from the original on 2022-12-30 3045: 3020:from the original on 2023-07-20 2953:from the original on 2024-02-03 2928:from the original on 2024-02-28 2903:from the original on 2021-08-11 2874:from the original on 2024-02-28 2819:from the original on 2023-02-02 2756:Mongol invasion of Central Asia 2292: 2227: 2012:Uzbek students after graduation 1985: 1756: 1629:Mongol conquest of Central Asia 1481:however sent the Samanid amir, 989:of Uzbeks have been described: 913:which gained prominence in the 874:Timurid conquests and invasions 640:, meaning "leader of an oğuz". 117:may be too short to adequately 5231:Michael Kemper; Raoul Motika; 4258:, Cambridge University Press, 3375:Belenitskii & Marshak 1981 3006: 2988: 2939: 2914: 2885: 2860: 2805: 2699:The square skullcap, known as 2317:, Yuz, Salor, Loqai, Qushchi, 1387:, and thus descended from the 474: 451: 167: 127:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 9408:Ethnic groups in Central Asia 9393:Ethnic groups in Turkmenistan 6151:Battersby, Harold R. (1985). 4586:"Country Profile: Uzbekistan" 4554:Afghanistan News-TOLOnews.com 4443:A Journey Through Afghanistan 3824:Irwin, Jodi A. (1 May 2010). 3454:, v., Online Edition, 2007, ( 3410:The Cambridge History of Iran 2798: 2186: 1992:Amersfoort concentration camp 1222:during an audience with king 1111:states dominated the region. 67:or discuss this issue on the 9373:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 9210:Demographics of Central Asia 7655:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5910:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 5241:. Routledge. pp. 247–. 4523:Afghanistan Analysts Network 3556:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 3231:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 2766:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 1902:An Uzbek Khanate existed in 1715:, was active in the city of 1202:Afrasiab Museum of Samarkand 909:is largely derived from the 897:Uzbek people at a market in 771:(Western Liao), a sinicized 755:. From the 11th century on, 610:(self) and the Turkic title 570:Turkic tribal confederations 563: 201:29.2 million (2021 estimate) 7: 9388:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan 9383:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 9378:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan 9368:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 9041:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 7494:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 5551:Espace populations sociétés 5412:. Routledge. pp. 80–. 5087:Birgit N. Schlyter (2005). 4963:Birgit N. Schlyter (2005). 4671:Rustam Qobil (2017-05-09). 3204:Pierre A. (28 March 2012). 3136:United States Census Bureau 2719: 2686: 2444:background, usually of the 2429: 2383: 2245: 1974:, Uzbeks escaped to China. 1573:dominated a wide area from 1454:; Yahya, Shash; and Elyas, 468: 445: 161: 10: 9439: 9215:Demographics of Kazakhstan 6085:Zed Books (April 15, 1995) 6032: 2433: 2387: 2266:Uzbek refugees in Pakistan 2249: 2190: 2122: 2098:as Communist Party chief. 1989: 1930: 1887: 1654:Rule of Timur and Timurids 1393:Seven Great Houses of Iran 1226:of Samarkand. 648–651 CE, 1184:: portrait of Alchon king 1053: 1049: 1039:A majority of Uzbeks from 825:, Sogdians, Khwarzamians, 665: 567: 32:Demographics of Uzbekistan 29: 9286: 9273: 9204: 9123: 9075: 9047: 8984: 8944: 8879: 8825: 8726: 8671: 8553: 8327: 8281: 8251: 8180: 8132: 8100: 8051: 7959: 7898: 7889: 7876: 7820: 7789: 7661: 7621: 7616:Links to related articles 7513: 7500: 7425: 7389: 7363: 7108: 7066: 7012: 6984: 6782: 6724: 6691: 6610: 6587: 6544:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks 6417: 6371: 6326: 6295: 6224: 6215: 6134:Great Soviet Encyclopedia 5511:Audrey Shalinsky (1994). 5473:Audrey Shalinsky (1994). 4790:www.worldwatchmonitor.org 4600:Federal Research Division 3842:10.1007/s00414-009-0406-z 3734:10.1163/22105018-12340089 3617:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3 3325:Marlene Laruelle (2017). 2897:worldpopulationreview.com 2617:Women in school uniform, 2544: 2454:non-denominational Muslim 919:Shaybanid Uzbek Khaqanate 829:) and some Arab elements; 751:was ruled by the Persian 479: 466: 456: 443: 421: 416: 408: 403: 374: 369: 351: 333: 315: 297: 277: 259: 241: 223: 205: 187: 182: 172: 159: 156: 8964:Local ethnic nationalism 7883:recognized ethnic groups 7412:Turkish Cypriot diaspora 7080:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars 5802:Kemper, Michael (2019). 3084:. Gulf Research Center. 1731:Eastern Kipchak-speaking 1307:conquest of Central Asia 1077:In the southern part of 840:and other tribes of the 765:Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan 219:4.3 – 4.8 million (2023) 157: 9413:Ethnic groups in Russia 6569:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman 6225:Azerbaijani communities 6137:, Part 9, pages 483–489 6069:Noble, Ivan. BBC News, 4650:"Soviet Field of Glory" 4440:David Chaffetz (1981). 4007:Grenet, Frantz (2004). 2593:. Pants, also known as 1944:United States Civil War 1884:Afghan Pashtun conquest 1816:Shaybani-khan's nephew 1805:Muslims while Iran was 1211:Turkic Khaganate period 628:, united with the word 574:The origin of the word 560:, and other countries. 347:283,000 (2024 estimate) 9418:Ethnic groups in China 9363:Turkic peoples of Asia 8999:Historic ethnic groups 7870:Ethnic groups in China 7830:Afghanistan portal 7402:Crimean Tatar diaspora 6579:Western Thracian Turks 6514:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman 5935:Anur Tour Uzbekistan. 5879:"Fergana Knives Breed" 5624:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5387:Cite journal requires 5153:Cite journal requires 3676:10.1093/molbev/msac179 3354:. BRILL. p. 121. 2844:. The World Factbook. 2696: 2622: 2610: 2554: 2380: 2205: 2141: 2111: 2013: 1982: 1923: 1840: 1766: 1733:nomadic tribes called 1695: 1666: 1275:, in the style of the 1231: 1120:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 1074: 1056:Timeline of the Uzbeks 902: 789:Indo-European-speaking 715:First Turkic Khaganate 9423:Ethnic groups in Asia 7109:Extinct Turkic groups 7067:Turkic minorities in 7014:Turkic minorities in 6985:Turkic minorities in 6783:Turkic minorities in 6261:Georgian Azerbaijanis 5853:"Unique Uzbek Knives" 5720:Libal, Joyce (2005). 5302:"CA&CC Press® AB" 5235:(11 September 2009). 5182:10.1057/9780230376434 4755:carnegieendowment.org 4734:carnegieendowment.org 3452:Encyclopaedia Iranica 2771:Culture of Uzbekistan 2694: 2616: 2608: 2552: 2478:Russian imperial rule 2371: 2200: 2136: 2109: 2011: 1990:Further information: 1980: 1942:for Russia. When the 1921: 1827: 1764: 1688: 1661: 1218: 1068: 896: 881:East Kipchak-speaking 864:, etc.), who entered 698:. It was part of the 417:Related ethnic groups 311:323,278 (2021 census) 56:may contain material 7427:Central Asian (i.e. 7397:Azerbaijani diaspora 6734:Iranian Azerbaijanis 6372:Turkmen communities 6268:Western Azerbaijanis 6238:Iranian Azerbaijanis 6170:10.3138/uram.8.3.172 5855:. 12 December 2013. 5277:. 29 December 1995. 5172:Glenn, John (1999). 3350:Joo-Yup Lee (2015). 2662:Bolshevik Revolution 2657:widely to this day. 2321:, Chaqmok, Utarchi, 2284:-based communities. 2209:Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan 2193:Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan 2137:Uzbek family in the 2065:Gouda, South Holland 1793:, the successors of 1582:was defeated by the 1552:Ibrahim Tamgach Khan 1301:Early Islamic period 1200:(dated 600–800 CE), 1034:maternal haplogroups 1024:Maternal haplogroups 981:Paternal haplogroups 696:Indo-Iranian peoples 682:mainly inhabited by 658:, who converted the 494:Central Asian region 492:native to the wider 65:improve this section 6418:Turkish communities 6284:Javanshir Qizilbash 6157:Harold R. Battersby 5695:Pew Research Center 4597:Library of Congress 3222:2012PLoSO...734288H 3106:"Uzbek in Pakistan" 2450:Pew Research Center 2436:Islam in Uzbekistan 2288:Culture and society 2004:Soviet Central Asia 1765:Shaybani Khan, 1507 1318:Qutaybah ibn Muslim 1291:Trilingual coin of 958:(or alternatively, 761:Kara-Khanid Khanate 745:An Lushan Rebellion 153: 6942:Siberian Bukharans 6744:Chaharmahali Turks 6725:Turkic minorities 6692:Turkic minorities 6611:Turkic minorities 6327:Kyrgyz communities 6296:Kazakh communities 6060:Critchlow, James. 6039:Allworth, Edward. 5125:Cutler, Robert M. 4698:"Independence Day" 4655:2017-05-08 at the 4591:2005-02-26 at the 3917:2022-07-26 at the 3889:2022-07-02 at the 3461:2010-01-09 at the 3446:, Walter Feldman. 3055:. rosstat.gov.ru. 2761:Uzbeks in Pakistan 2746:Karakhanid Khanate 2697: 2623: 2611: 2555: 2381: 2252:Uzbeks in Pakistan 2206: 2146:Mohammed Alim Khan 2142: 2112: 2014: 1983: 1924: 1841: 1771:Khanate of Bukhara 1767: 1751:Khanate of Bukhara 1696: 1667: 1601:Kutbeddin Muhammad 1232: 1075: 903: 795:, the traditional 777:Anushtegin dynasty 711:Hephthalite Empire 590:, became the word 237:1.2 million (2023) 151: 9350: 9349: 9344: 9343: 9229: 9228: 9124:Minorities <1% 9076:Minorities >1% 9007: 9006: 8176: 8175: 7836: 7835: 7790:Foreign nationals 7608: 7607: 7460: 7459: 7359: 7358: 7270: 7263: 7224: 7100:Tatars of Romania 7073: 7042: 6999:Mongolian Kazakhs 6970: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6677: 6643: 6554:Palestinian Turks 6549:Montenegrin Turks 6473: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6403: 6394: 6387: 6347: 6318:Mongolian Kazakhs 6286: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6254: 6247: 6240: 5524:978-0-8191-9286-8 5486:978-0-8191-9286-8 5419:978-1-135-97169-4 5248:978-1-134-20731-2 5191:978-1-349-40743-9 5100:978-91-86884-16-1 5062:978-0-313-34442-8 4976:978-91-86884-16-1 4602:(February 2007). 4491:978-0-8122-0615-9 4453:978-0-226-10064-7 4362:978-93-5118-093-7 3981:978-1-83860-868-2 3429:(1992) p. 407-408 3425:Golden, Peter B. 3091:978-9948-424-00-0 2520:Eastern Orthodoxy 2363:Baghlan or Baghan 2080:Uzbek nationalism 2033:fight the Germans 1874:new Uzbek khanate 1795:Muhammad Shaybani 1791:Shaybanid dynasty 1739:Muhammad Shaybani 1709:literary language 1705:Chaghatai dialect 1694: 1342:Umayyad Caliphate 1338:Abbasid Caliphate 987:paternal lineages 975:Mongolian Plateau 911:Chagatai language 827:Kushano-Bactrians 700:Achaemenid Empire 645:Usama ibn Munqidh 432: 431: 144: 143: 97: 96: 89: 18:Uzbek Australians 16:(Redirected from 9430: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9233: 9232: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9011: 9010: 8865:Tajiks (Pamiris) 7896: 7895: 7863: 7856: 7849: 7840: 7839: 7828: 7827: 7826: 7648: 7641: 7634: 7625: 7624: 7612: 7611: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7407:Turkish diaspora 7266: 7259: 7220: 7071: 7053:Karategin Uzbeks 7038: 6966: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6900:Astrakhan Tatars 6898: 6863: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6769:Iranian Turkmens 6701:Crimean Karaites 6673: 6639: 6539:Macedonian Turks 6504:Dodecanese Turks 6469: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6401:Iranian Turkmens 6399: 6390: 6383: 6343: 6282: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6222: 6221: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6172: 6129: 6119: 6053: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5986:. Archived from 5980: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5964:on 11 March 2016 5960:. Archived from 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5881:. Archived from 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5799: 5793: 5788: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5727: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5683: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5659: 5657: 5656: 5650: 5644:. Archived from 5643: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5385: 5383: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5358:Prajakti Kalra. 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5339: 5332: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5304:. Archived from 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5233:Stefan Reichmuth 5228: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5208:. Archived from 5202: 5196: 5195: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5156: 5151: 5149: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5033: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5016: 5010:. Archived from 5009: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4798: 4787: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4763: 4752: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4731: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4704:. Archived from 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4616: 4610: 4583: 4574: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4556:. Archived from 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4290: 4287: 4278: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4251: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3908: 3902: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3821: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3736: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3695: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3619: 3594: 3588: 3586: 3576: 3558: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3512: 3506: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3439: 3430: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3233: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3077: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3036: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2998:. Archived from 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2809: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2736:Uzbeks In Russia 2264:. In 1981, many 2159:, especially to 2088: 2069:Henk Broekhuizen 2053:Rusthof cemetery 1914:Russo-Soviet era 1783:Khanate of Khiva 1689: 1662:Timur feasts in 1588:Battle of Qatwan 1521:Ghaznavid Empire 1469:Samanid rule in 1399:, mirroring the 1365:Persian language 1288: 1268: 1228:Afrasiyab murals 1220:Turkish officers 1175: 1166: 793:Persian language 586:, also known as 484: 483: 481: 477: 476: 471: 464: 460: 458: 454: 453: 448: 359: 357: 356: 341: 339: 338: 323: 321: 320: 305: 303: 302: 290: 286: 284: 283: 267: 265: 264: 255:1 million (2023) 249: 247: 246: 231: 229: 228: 213: 211: 210: 195: 193: 192: 177: 176: 174: 170: 169: 164: 154: 150: 139: 136: 130: 107: 99: 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 49: 48: 41: 21: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9282: 9269: 9260: 9230: 9225: 9224: 9200: 9119: 9071: 9043: 9038: 9008: 9003: 8980: 8952:Han nationalism 8940: 8887:African Chinese 8875: 8821: 8722: 8667: 8549: 8507:Sichuan Mongols 8323: 8277: 8247: 8172: 8128: 8096: 8047: 7955: 7885: 7872: 7867: 7837: 7832: 7824: 7822: 7816: 7785: 7657: 7652: 7617: 7609: 7604: 7509: 7496: 7491: 7461: 7456: 7421: 7417:Kazakh diaspora 7385: 7355: 7104: 7070: 7068: 7062: 7024:Afghan Turkmens 7015: 7008: 6986: 6980: 6935:Siberian Tatars 6859: 6784: 6778: 6774:Iranian Kazakhs 6754:Khorasani Turks 6726: 6720: 6693: 6687: 6630:Chinese Kazakhs 6612: 6606: 6589: 6588:Turkic peoples 6583: 6484:Bulgarian Turks 6460:Abkhazian Turks 6413: 6385:Afghan Turkmens 6367: 6322: 6313:Iranian Kazakhs 6308:Chinese Kazakhs 6291: 6211: 6206: 6147: 6145:Further reading 6081:Rashid, Ahmad. 6035: 6030: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5984:"Pchak "Uzbek"" 5982: 5981: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5885:on 4 March 2016 5877: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5837: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5800: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5685: 5684: 5677: 5661: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5641: 5639:"Archived copy" 5637: 5636: 5632: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5561: 5559: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5534: 5532: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5496: 5494: 5487: 5471: 5467: 5458: 5456: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5420: 5404: 5400: 5388: 5386: 5377: 5376: 5369: 5367: 5356: 5352: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5308:on 25 June 2020 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5249: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5212:on 4 March 2016 5204: 5203: 5199: 5192: 5170: 5166: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5123: 5119: 5110: 5108: 5101: 5085: 5081: 5072: 5070: 5063: 5047: 5043: 5027: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5005:"Archived copy" 5003: 5002: 4995: 4986: 4984: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4765: 4761: 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3591: 3549:(4): e1005068. 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3509: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3463:Wayback Machine 3440: 3433: 3424: 3417: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3362: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3201: 3197: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3144: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3092: 3078: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3014:"Archived copy" 3012: 3011: 3007: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2931: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2906: 2904: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2877: 2875: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2776: 2722: 2689: 2603: 2601:Female clothing 2560: 2547: 2438: 2432: 2400:Turkic language 2392: 2386: 2325:, Arlot, Kait, 2295: 2290: 2254: 2248: 2230: 2195: 2189: 2157:labour migrants 2131: 2123:Main articles: 2121: 2104: 2102:Post-Soviet era 2082: 2076:Sharaf Rashidov 2035:in the area of 2031:, were sent to 2006: 1988: 1955:Ministry of War 1935: 1929: 1916: 1900: 1888:Main articles: 1886: 1799:Safavid dynasty 1759: 1713:Ali Shir Nava'i 1656: 1621: 1531:, and northern 1446:: Nuh obtained 1389:House of Mihrān 1381: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1280: 1269: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1194:Elongated skull 1178: 1177: 1176: 1168: 1167: 1063: 1061:Ancient history 1058: 1052: 1026: 983: 928: 926:Genetic origins 883:"Pure Uzbeks" ( 811:Peter B. Golden 807:elite dominance 741:Turkic generals 704:Sasanian Empire 668: 572: 566: 462: 399: 383: 354: 352: 336: 334: 318: 316: 300: 298: 281: 279: 278: 262: 260: 244: 242: 226: 224: 208: 206: 190: 188: 178: 171: 165: 149: 140: 134: 131: 124: 112:This article's 108: 93: 82: 76: 73: 62: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9436: 9426: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9259: 9258: 9251: 9244: 9236: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9127: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9037: 9036: 9029: 9022: 9014: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8974:Zhonghua minzu 8966: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8861: 8854: 8853: 8852: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8732: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8677: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8658: 8653: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8624: 8619: 8612: 8605: 8598: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8572: 8567: 8559: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8545: 8533: 8528: 8521: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8348: 8341: 8333: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8293: 8287: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8275: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8186: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8119: 8114: 8106: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8057: 8055: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7965: 7963: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7904: 7902: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7866: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7843: 7834: 7833: 7821: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7651: 7650: 7643: 7636: 7628: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7490: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7336:Yenisei Kyrgyz 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7264: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7085:Finnish Tatars 7082: 7076: 7074: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6788: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6706:Crimean Tatars 6703: 6697: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6649:Chinese Uzbeks 6646: 6645: 6644: 6635:Chinese Kyrgyz 6632: 6627: 6625:Chinese Tatars 6622: 6616: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6574:Tunisian Turks 6571: 6566: 6561: 6559:Romanian Turks 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6529:Lebanese Turks 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6509:Egyptian Turks 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6489:Croatian Turks 6486: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6465:Algerian Turks 6462: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6434: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6339:Chinese Kyrgyz 6336: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6264: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6248: 6228: 6226: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6209:Turkic peoples 6205: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6130: 6108:10.1086/342096 6102:(3): 466–482. 6087: 6078: 6066: 6057: 6054: 6045: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6001: 5975: 5949: 5937:"Chust knives" 5927: 5896: 5870: 5844: 5819: 5812: 5794: 5780: 5745: 5738: 5712: 5675: 5630: 5613: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5541: 5523: 5503: 5485: 5465: 5437: 5418: 5398: 5389:|journal= 5350: 5319: 5292: 5266: 5247: 5223: 5197: 5190: 5164: 5155:|journal= 5117: 5099: 5079: 5061: 5041: 4993: 4975: 4955: 4930: 4905: 4890:. 3 May 2023. 4879: 4865: 4839: 4822:IslamHouse.com 4809: 4774: 4748:"Olcoot roots" 4739: 4718: 4689: 4663: 4642: 4611: 4575: 4563: 4560:on 2016-09-20. 4540: 4509: 4490: 4470: 4452: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4380: 4361: 4341: 4316: 4307: 4291: 4279: 4270: 4264: 4246: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4204:978-9231034671 4203: 4185: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4033: 3999: 3980: 3960: 3950: 3941: 3931: 3912:"Introduction" 3903: 3872: 3836:(3): 195–204. 3811: 3799: 3784: 3772: 3770:, p. 216. 3760: 3748: 3727:(2): 218–219. 3707: 3658:(2022-08-25). 3649: 3598:(2017-12-28). 3589: 3529: 3520: 3507: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3467: 3444:Keith Hitchins 3431: 3415: 3400: 3388: 3379: 3367: 3360: 3342: 3335: 3317: 3305: 3296: 3281: 3271: 3245: 3195: 3189:. p. 31. 3177: 3168: 3122: 3097: 3090: 3069: 3044: 3005: 3002:on 2016-10-06. 2987: 2963: 2938: 2913: 2884: 2859: 2829: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2751:Turkic peoples 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2731:Uzbek language 2728: 2721: 2718: 2714:Karakalpakstan 2688: 2685: 2602: 2599: 2559: 2556: 2546: 2543: 2531:Zoroastrianism 2434:Main article: 2431: 2428: 2396:Uzbek language 2390:Uzbek language 2388:Main article: 2385: 2382: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2250:Main article: 2247: 2244: 2229: 2226: 2191:Main article: 2188: 2185: 2120: 2119:Uzbek diaspora 2117: 2103: 2100: 2016:In the 1940s, 1987: 1984: 1933:Russian Empire 1931:Main article: 1928: 1927:Russian Empire 1925: 1915: 1912: 1885: 1882: 1876:was formed in 1831:of Uzbek from 1818:Ubaydulla Khan 1779:Fergana Valley 1758: 1755: 1655: 1652: 1620: 1617: 1380: 1377: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1271:Early coin of 1270: 1263: 1212: 1209: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1062: 1059: 1051: 1048: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1008: 1000: 995:Haplogroup R1a 982: 979: 927: 924: 915:Timurid Empire 907:Uzbek language 891: 890: 877: 830: 803:Middle Iranian 753:Samanid Empire 667: 664: 620:, of the word 568:Main article: 565: 562: 430: 429: 419: 418: 414: 413: 409:Predominantly 406: 405: 401: 400: 398: 397: 392: 387: 375: 372: 371: 367: 366: 363: 349: 348: 345: 331: 330: 329:300,000 (2009) 327: 313: 312: 309: 295: 294: 291: 275: 274: 273:643,363 (2023) 271: 257: 256: 253: 239: 238: 235: 221: 220: 217: 203: 202: 199: 185: 184: 180: 179: 147: 142: 141: 121:the key points 111: 109: 102: 95: 94: 53: 51: 44: 36:List of Uzbeks 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9435: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9285: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9263:Ethnic groups 9257: 9252: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9238: 9237: 9234: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9074: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9030: 9028: 9023: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9012: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8827:Indo-European 8824: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8810: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8491: 8490:Upper Mongols 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8182:Austroasiatic 8179: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7875: 7871: 7864: 7859: 7857: 7852: 7850: 7845: 7844: 7841: 7831: 7819: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662:Ethnic groups 7660: 7656: 7649: 7644: 7642: 7637: 7635: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7620: 7613: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7495: 7488: 7483: 7481: 7476: 7474: 7469: 7468: 7465: 7455:territories). 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7156:Black Klobuks 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7072:(exc. Russia) 7065: 7059: 7058:Afghan Kyrgyz 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7011: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6974: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6943: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6914:Mishar Tatars 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6676: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6590:in Uzbekistan 6586: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6564:Serbian Turks 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524:Kosovan Turks 6522: 6520: 6519:Israeli Turks 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6499:Cypriot Turks 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6479:Bosnian Turks 6477: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6453: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6353:Afghan Kyrgyz 6351: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6198: 6196: 6191: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6180: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6037: 6036: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5990:on 2016-03-04 5989: 5985: 5979: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5938: 5931: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5900: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5815: 5813:9781351022408 5809: 5806:. Routledge. 5805: 5798: 5792: 5787: 5785: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5739:1-59084-887-X 5735: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5716: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5671: 5665: 5651:on 2011-05-19 5647: 5640: 5634: 5626: 5625: 5617: 5608: 5599: 5590: 5581: 5572: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5545: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5507: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5469: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5402: 5394: 5381: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5193: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5160: 5147: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5083: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5031: 5017:on 2016-03-04 5013: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4959: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4875: 4869: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4778: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4735: 4728: 4722: 4708:on 2022-08-19 4707: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4646: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4606:public domain 4601: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4544: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4345: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4274: 4267: 4265:0-521-24304-1 4261: 4257: 4250: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4116: 4107: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4037: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3964: 3954: 3945: 3935: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3543:PLOS Genetics 3540: 3533: 3524: 3517: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3404: 3395: 3393: 3383: 3377:, p. 16. 3376: 3371: 3363: 3361:9789004306493 3357: 3353: 3346: 3338: 3336:9781498538374 3332: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3313:Rashid ad-din 3309: 3300: 3293:. p. 31. 3292: 3285: 3275: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3216:(3): e34288. 3215: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3172: 3164: 3158: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3074: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3040: 3034: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2980: 2973: 2967: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2793: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2703:in Uzbek and 2702: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2615: 2607: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558:Male clothing 2551: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2424:Uzbek Khanate 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2139:United States 2135: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2108: 2099: 2097: 2096:Islam Karimov 2092: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061:Remco Reiding 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041:Hatam Kadirov 2038: 2034: 2030: 2029:Samarkandites 2026: 2022: 2019: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1979: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1846:Janid dynasty 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1644:Mongol Empire 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1619:Mongol period 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603:and his son, 1602: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1537:Sultan Mahmud 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1483:Ismail Samani 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1464:Ismail Samani 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1391:, one of the 1390: 1386: 1385:Bahram Chobin 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1294: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1203: 1199: 1196:excavated in 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1174: 1165: 1156: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1137:nomad state. 1136: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1072: 1067: 1057: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1012:Haplogroup C2 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 996: 992: 991: 990: 988: 978: 976: 972: 968: 967:Indo-Iranians 963: 961: 957: 953: 952:Abkhaz people 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 932:Kyrgyz people 923: 920: 916: 912: 908: 901:, Uzbekistan. 900: 895: 888: 887: 882: 878: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 815: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 799: 798:lingua franca 794: 790: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 729: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 663: 661: 657: 652: 650: 649:Seljuk Empire 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 614: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 571: 561: 559: 555: 551: 550:United States 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 488: 470: 447: 441: 437: 428: 424: 420: 415: 412: 407: 402: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 382: 381: 377: 376: 373: 368: 365:52,304 (2022) 364: 362: 361:United States 350: 346: 344: 332: 328: 326: 314: 310: 308: 296: 292: 289: 276: 272: 270: 258: 254: 252: 240: 236: 234: 222: 218: 216: 204: 200: 198: 186: 181: 163: 155: 146: 138: 128: 122: 120: 115: 110: 106: 101: 100: 91: 88: 80: 70: 66: 60: 59: 54:This section 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9335: 9136:Azerbaijanis 9114: 9060:Chala Kazakh 8913: 8907:Kaifeng Jews 8863: 8856: 8807: 8800: 8793: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8715: 8708: 8701: 8694: 8680: 8660: 8648: 8626: 8614: 8607: 8600: 8593: 8574: 8562: 8535: 8523: 8372: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8316: 8309: 8295: 8265: 8253:Austronesian 8240: 8233: 8226: 8189: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8144: 8121: 8109: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8040: 8028: 8021: 8004: 7992: 7985: 7968: 7961:Lolo-Burmese 7938: 7924: 7907: 7891:Sino-Tibetan 7878: 7773: 7523:Azerbaijanis 7504: 7095:Lipka Tatars 6968:Tozhu Tuvans 6928:Volga Tatars 6641:Akto Turkmen 6596: 6534:Libyan Turks 6494:Cretan Turks 6409:Akto Turkmen 6358:Tajik Kyrgyz 6345:Akto Turkmen 6232:Azerbaijanis 6160: 6156: 6132: 6099: 6095: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6061: 6049: 6040: 6018:. 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Retrieved 2807: 2700: 2698: 2674: 2669: 2666:Central Asia 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2561: 2528: 2524:missionaries 2493:Christianity 2490: 2442:Sunni Muslim 2439: 2420:Soviet Union 2393: 2377:Soviet Union 2341:, Semarjiq, 2296: 2293:Uzbek tribes 2255: 2240: 2235:Arabic nisba 2231: 2228:Saudi Arabia 2207: 2181:Saudi Arabia 2154: 2143: 2113: 2110:Uzbek elders 2073: 2045:Zair Muratov 2025:Soviet Union 2018:Nazi Germany 2015: 1986:Soviet Union 1964: 1960:protectorate 1948: 1936: 1901: 1866: 1850: 1842: 1835:in 1924 and 1815: 1811: 1768: 1757:Uzbek period 1728: 1724: 1721: 1697: 1668: 1637: 1626: 1622: 1609:Genghis Khan 1595: 1592: 1584:Kara-Khitans 1580:Ahmed Sanjar 1560: 1556: 1549: 1545: 1518: 1495: 1491: 1475:'Amr-i Laith 1468: 1437: 1382: 1362: 1346: 1334: 1304: 1258: 1255: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1230:, Samarkand. 1189: 1181: 1150: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1113: 1090: 1086:civilization 1079:Central Asia 1076: 1045: 1038: 1027: 1010: 1004:Haplogroup J 1002: 993: 984: 964: 948: 929: 904: 884: 866:Central Asia 846:Oghuz Turkss 806: 796: 784:Turko-Mongol 781: 737:Tang dynasty 734: 730: 719: 708: 692:Khwarazmians 669: 660:Golden Horde 653: 642: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 611: 607: 604:lord himself 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 584:Oghuz Khagan 582:named after 575: 573: 546:Saudi Arabia 530:Turkmenistan 490:ethnic group 435: 433: 378: 325:Saudi Arabia 288:Turkmenistan 148:Ethnic group 145: 135:October 2023 132: 116: 114:lead section 83: 77:October 2023 74: 63:Please help 55: 8751:Fuyu Kyrgyz 7538:Karakalpaks 7316:Toquz Oghuz 7255:Oghuz Turks 7222:Sir-Kıvchak 7016:Afghanistan 6759:Qarai Turks 6675:Tor Uyghurs 6654:Fuyu Kyrgyz 6602:Karakalpaks 6471:Kouloughlis 6275:Karapapakhs 5705:4 September 4898:26 November 2660:Before the 2501:charismatic 2497:evangelical 2373:Ibrahim Bek 2282:Zeytinburnu 2165:South Korea 2083: [ 2049:Netherlands 1833:Afghanistan 1829:Photographs 1735:Taza Uzbeks 1707:, became a 1605:Muhammad II 1541:Qarakhanids 1529:Afghanistan 1514:Persianized 1510:Transoxiana 1506:Caspian Sea 1479:Al-Mu'tadid 1460:Transoxania 1440:Saman Khuda 1409:Transoxania 1330:Talas River 1247:Tokharistan 973:, from the 905:The modern 769:Qara Khitai 757:Transoxiana 749:Transoxiana 613:bek/bey/beg 600:genuine man 596:independent 580:eponymously 514:Afghanistan 411:Sunni Islam 215:Afghanistan 9357:Categories 9267:Tajikistan 9141:Bulgarians 9108:Kashgartsy 9098:Ukrainians 8957:chauvinism 8936:Pakistanis 8919:Chaoxianzu 8531:Sogwo Arig 8450:Muumyangan 8435:Khishigten 8283:Hmong-Mien 8235:Vietnamese 7879:Underlined 7807:Pakistanis 7719:Nuristanis 6363:Van Kyrgyz 6245:Shahsevans 5838:2020-06-06 5773:30 October 5724:Uzbekistan 5655:2010-11-30 5562:2020-10-24 5535:2020-10-24 5497:2016-02-11 5459:2016-01-04 5430:24 October 5344:2018-09-21 5259:24 October 5137:2017-12-03 5111:2020-10-24 5073:2020-10-24 5021:2016-01-04 4987:2020-10-24 4949:2023-11-26 4924:2023-11-26 4803:2016-01-04 4768:2016-01-04 4712:2023-03-23 4683:2017-05-09 4635:12 October 4533:8 November 4502:24 October 4464:2020-10-24 4373:13 October 4335:2021-02-15 4244:1685–1731. 4027:2021-01-17 4019:: Fig. B. 3992:17 January 3721:Inner Asia 3610:(1): 110. 3116:2024-02-28 3063:2024-02-28 3024:2024-02-28 2957:2024-02-28 2932:2024-02-28 2907:2021-08-09 2878:2024-02-28 2823:2024-02-28 2799:References 2792:Uzbekistan 2705:Tyubeteika 2639:khan-atlas 2535:Kazakhstan 2512:Christians 2508:Kazakhstan 2504:Protestant 2460:and 1% as 2379:, in 1920. 2262:Bukharlyks 2258:Afghan War 2218:Jalal-Abad 2187:Kyrgyzstan 2067:. 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Jung, 3503:Jan Rypka 2677:communism 2619:Samarkand 2456:, 18% as 2349:, Oklan, 2337:, Musit, 1968:Jadidists 1743:Samarkand 1701:Ulugh Beg 1664:Samarkand 1648:Chaghatai 1611:with his 1590:in 1141. 1525:Amu Darya 1450:; Ahmad, 1448:Samarkand 1433:Saffarids 1425:Samarkand 1224:Varkhuman 1198:Samarkand 1130:Empires. 1109:Tokharian 868:with the 809:process. 782:Although 726:Samarkand 722:Kidarites 688:Bactrians 602:, or the 588:Oghuz Beg 564:Etymology 469:Oʻzbeklar 370:Languages 162:Oʻzbeklar 119:summarize 69:talk page 9331:Russians 9088:Russians 9048:Majority 8926:Macanese 8897:Japanese 8858:Russians 8840:Iranians 8736:Altaians 8673:Tungusic 8445:Khuuchid 8440:Khorchin 8430:Kharchin 8385:Abaganar 8358:Hamnigan 8329:Mongolic 8261:Filipino 8066:Gyalrong 7812:Russians 7769:Turkmens 7739:Punjabis 7734:Pashtuns 7588:Kharduri 7583:Chagatai 7573:Russians 7441:Turkmens 7429:Turkmeni 7286:Saragurs 7230:Kurykans 7216:Kipchaks 7201:Keraites 7186:Göktürks 7176:Dughlats 7166:Dingling 7136:Berendei 6987:Mongolia 6957:Tofalars 6921:Nağaybäk 6825:Bashkirs 6812:Tubalars 6798:Chelkans 6792:Altaians 6613:in China 6445:Tahtacıs 6438:Muhacirs 6379:Turkmens 6126:12145751 6020:26 April 6014:Archived 5994:26 April 5968:26 April 5942:26 April 5920:26 April 5914:Archived 5889:26 April 5863:26 April 5857:Archived 5832:Archived 5767:Archived 5699:Archived 5664:cite web 5556:Archived 5529:Archived 5491:Archived 5453:Archived 5424:Archived 5370:26 April 5364:Archived 5335:Archived 5312:26 April 5285:26 April 5279:Archived 5253:Archived 5216:26 April 5131:Archived 5105:Archived 5067:Archived 5030:cite web 4981:Archived 4943:Archived 4918:Archived 4892:Archived 4858:26 April 4852:Archived 4832:26 April 4826:Archived 4794:Archived 4759:Archived 4677:Archived 4653:Archived 4629:Archived 4589:Archived 4527:Archived 4496:Archived 4458:Archived 4367:Archived 4329:Archived 4021:Archived 3986:Archived 3939:457–472. 3915:Archived 3887:Archived 3858:20140442 3807:Lee 2017 3795:Lee 2017 3780:Lee 2017 3768:Lee 2017 3756:Lee 2017 3702:36006373 3644:29297395 3583:25898006 3459:Archived 3279:ruler)." 3264:26 April 3258:Archived 3240:22470552 3210:PLOS ONE 3157:cite web 3110:Archived 3057:Archived 3033:cite web 3018:Archived 2979:Archived 2951:Archived 2926:Archived 2901:Archived 2872:Archived 2852:13 April 2846:Archived 2817:Archived 2720:See also 2687:Headgear 2670:parandga 2643:bekasama 2539:atheists 2522:through 2474:Jadidism 2430:Religion 2416:Cyrillic 2384:Language 2333:, Yabu, 2323:Turcoman 2246:Pakistan 2037:Smolensk 1951:Caucasus 1837:Tashkent 1775:Tashkent 1680:Aral Sea 1676:Caucasus 1615:armies. 1502:Mongolia 1487:Khorasan 1444:al-Mamun 1413:Khorasan 1405:Abbasids 1397:Abbasids 1371:and the 1369:Samanids 1186:Khingila 1128:Sassanid 1124:Parthian 1105:Soghdian 1101:Khwarazm 1097:Bactrian 1041:Ferghana 1030:Tashkent 1017:Mongolic 944:Bashkirs 854:Kipchaks 842:Göktürks 684:Sogdians 676:Khwarazm 634:Uğuz-bek 632:to form 558:Pakistan 485:) are a 480:اۉزبېکلر 475:Ўзбеклар 404:Religion 343:Pakistan 173:اۉزبېکلر 168:Ўзбеклар 9316:Koreans 9311:Kazakhs 9301:Badzhui 9291:Afghans 9176:Madjars 9166:Koreans 9146:Chinese 9103:Uyghurs 9083:Germans 9065:Oralman 9055:Kazakhs 8945:Related 8915:Koreans 8892:Indians 8845:Nepalis 8815:Western 8795:Uyghurs 8696:Manchus 8587:Tai Nua 8582:Tai Lue 8555:Kra–Dai 8543:Eastern 8525:Monguor 8497:Onnigud 8485:Torghut 8475:Khoshut 8465:Dzungar 8455:Naimans 8425:Khalkha 8415:Jalaids 8405:Chahars 8400:Buryats 8395:Baarins 8374:Mongols 8363:Kangjia 8267:Gaoshan 8123:Tibetan 8102:Tibetic 8053:Qiangic 8012:Laomian 7951:Waxiang 7946:Longjia 7900:Sinitic 7802:Indians 7754:Hazaras 7729:Pashayi 7724:Pamiris 7699:Gurjars 7548:Koreans 7543:Kazakhs 7453:Ottoman 7437:Iranian 7433:Afghani 7381:Mughals 7376:Hazaras 7326:Utigurs 7301:Türgesh 7276:Onogurs 7250:Nushibi 7245:Naimans 7206:Khazars 7196:Karluks 7151:Chigils 7146:Bulgars 7131:Barsils 7069:Europe 7048:Ansarlu 6994:Khotons 6952:Teleuts 6845:Dolgans 6840:Chuvash 6835:Chulyms 6820:Balkars 6764:Qashqai 6749:Khalajs 6727:in Iran 6669:Uyghurs 6392:Ansarlu 6303:Kazakhs 6217:Peoples 6033:Sources 4727:"CP 77" 4675:. 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