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in the southwest of the country. With its surface located at 44 metres (144 ft) above sea level and a maximum depth of 106 metres (348 ft), the lowest point of the Vänern basin is 62 metres (203 ft) below sea level. The average depth is a more modest 28 metres (92 ft), which means
785:
Vänern has many different fish species. Locals and government officials try to enforce fishing preservation projects, due to threats to the fish habitat. These threats include water cultivation in the tributaries, pollution and the
460:. Because the southern and eastern shores are parts where the Sub-Cambrian peneplain gently tilts towards the north and west, respectively, the lake is rather shallow at these places. The western shore of the lake largely follows a
790:. Sport fishing in Vänern is free and unregulated, both from the shore and from boats (with some restrictions, e.g. a maximum of three salmon or trout per person per day). Commercial fishing requires permission.
677:
The economic opportunities Vänern offers are illustrated by the surrounding towns, which have supported themselves for centuries by fishing and allowing easy transportation to other cities or west by
545:, as much land as four oxen could plough in a day and a night, but she used oxen from the land of the giants, and moreover uprooted the land and dragged it into the sea, where it became the island of
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is a popular tourist attraction near the south-eastern shore of Vänern. It has the best view over the lake (about 270 metres (890 ft) above the lake level). Another nearby mountain is
553:
says that 'the inlets in the lake correspond to the headlands in
Zealand'; since this is much more true of Vänern, the myth was probably originally about Vänern, not Mälaren.
809:), also most prominently in Dalbosjön, with 200–300 fish per hectare. The populations may vary greatly between years, depending on temperature, water level and quality.
758:
studies are conducted annually. In a 2002 report, the data showed no marked decrease in overall water quality, but a slight decrease in visibility due to an increase of
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and it is on average 27 m (89 ft) deep. The maximum depth of the lake is 106 m (348 ft) The water level of the lake is regulated by the
507:
become cut off from the Baltic. As a result, there are still species remaining from the ice age not normally encountered in freshwater lakes, such as the
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wholly rising when proceeding eastward, and then a navigable river linking the east coast with Vänern. The main inflow of water comes from
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The Djurö archipelago surrounds the island of Djurö, in the middle of the lake, and has been given national park status as
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28:
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557:
1400:
1170:
Hall, Adrian M.; Krabbendam, Maarten; van
Boeckel, Mikis; Hättestrand, Clas; Ebert, Karin; Heyman, Jakob (2019-12-01).
1172:
The sub-Cambrian unconformity in Västergötland, Sweden: Reference surface for
Pleistocene glacial erosion of basement
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801:), dominating in the eastern Dalbosjön, where the average is 2,600 smelt per hectare. The second most common is the
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had been problematic during the 1970s through 1990s, but is now being regulated and is at a steady level.
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Vänern covers an area of 5,655 km (2,183 sq mi), approximately twice the surface area of
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The southeastern part of the Vänern is a depression that appears to have come into being by erosion of
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View towards lake, Gamla
Ekuddens naturreservat, Lake Vänern, Sweden. Taken from observation tower.
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have returned and are flourishing. This has contributed to the increase in the population of
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was a 6th-century battle recorded in the Norse sagas and referred to in the Old
English epic
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that occupied the Baltic basin. Vänern was connected to
Ancylus Lake by a strait at
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Heimir Pálsson, 'Tertium vero datur: A study of the text of DG 11 4to', p. 44
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Timber observation tower in Gamla
Ekuddens naturreservat, Lake Vänern, Sweden
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Geographically, it is situated on the border between the
Swedish regions of
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that reached to the area. This erosion would have re-exposed parts of the
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surpassed concurrent sea-level rise, lake Vänern became a part of the
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1201:(1995). "A review of the history of the Baltic Sea, 13.0-8.0 ka BP".
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710:
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In the open waters of Vänern, the most common fish is the
1036:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
523:
A story told by the 13th-century
Icelandic mythographer
475:
about 10,000 years ago; when the ice melted, the entire
416:
built in the 19th century forms a waterway that runs to
537:
was probably originally about Vänern: the Swedish king
1277:
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126249
1177:(Report). Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Wast Management Co
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1239:"'Viking ship' discovered in Sweden's largest lake"
650:, on the northern shore. Other tributaries include
385:that the lake floor is above sea level on average.
316:
273:
1156:
848:(also common in Neva, Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)
503:. Further uplifting made lakes such as Vänern and
360:, the largest lake in the European Union and the
1511:
1292:(New York: Anchor Books, 2006), lines 3030-3032.
479:was covered in water, creating a strait between
412:not to drain out to the eastern coastline. The
85:
773:and have become overgrown with algae and plant
600:. Its surface is 44 m (144 ft) above
520:was found on the lake's bottom on May 6, 2009.
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812:The most important large fish in the lake are
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646:, which flows into the lake near the city of
372:in Russia. It is located in the provinces of
1288:Howell D. Chickering, Jr. (ed. and trans),
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835:Vänern has five distinguished species of
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981:, Oxford University Press, p. 145,
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828:). The most important small fish is the
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581:
79:Detail map of the lake with surroundings
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954:
865:(population mainly known around Sweden)
1512:
1197:
1146:Jöran Sahlgren; Gösta Bergman (1979).
999:
997:
978:The Physical Geography of Fennoscandia
905:The most common birds near Vänern are
1373:
1328:"Våra kraftverk: Vargön - Vattenfall"
662:. It is drained to the south-west by
471:The modern lake was formed after the
351:
251:(22,000 in total, including skerries)
172:5,650 km (2,180 sq mi)
1149:Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter
994:
13:
769:Some bays also have problems with
670:waterway, to Lake Viken into Lake
623:, with its main part belonging to
606:Vargön Hydroelectric Power Station
14:
1536:
1353:
1262:Anthony Faulkes (ed. and trans),
631:, its northern part belonging to
1494:
1484:
558:Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern
312:
269:
196:153 km (37 cu mi)
73:
53:
46:
27:
1520:Lakes of Västra Götaland County
1338:
1320:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1266:(London: Everyman, 1987), p. 7.
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627:; the eastern body is known as
487:. Due to the fact that ensuing
1139:
1124:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1111:
1082:
1051:
1023:
851:Lacustrine fluvial whitefish (
742:
54:
1:
1039:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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731:The ridge (plateau mountain)
1225:10.1016/1040-6182(94)00057-C
577:
362:third-largest lake in Europe
7:
1011:. West Sweden Tourism Board
930:
674:, southeast across Sweden.
410:ten largest lakes in Sweden
408:(It is the only one of the
400:opening strait between the
10:
1541:
1401:10 largest lakes in Sweden
1332:powerplants.vattenfall.com
1064:Collins English Dictionary
685:. This directly includes:
666:, which forms part of the
589:
439:
1481:
1407:
1152:(in Swedish). p. 28.
762:. An increasing level of
586:Satellite image of Vänern
356:) is the largest lake in
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1525:Lakes of Värmland County
1365:Väner museum i Lidköping
1204:Quaternary International
892:
756:Environmental monitoring
188:106 m (348 ft)
1105:Oxford University Press
921:white-tailed sea eagles
780:
717:(1951), and indirectly
592:Central Swedish lowland
214:44 m (144 ft)
1303:"World Lakes Database"
1264:Snorri Sturluson: Edda
902:
752:
642:Its main tributary is
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458:Sub-Cambrian peneplain
180:27 m (89 ft)
16:Largest lake in Sweden
1101:UK English Dictionary
900:
750:
585:
473:Quaternary glaciation
454:Quaternary glaciation
424:entering Vänern near
404:’s North Sea and the
886:Coregonus maxillaris
862:Coregonus maxillaris
635:and the southern to
533:about the origin of
489:post-glacial rebound
1217:1995QuInt..27...19B
1099:Oxford Dictionaries
1009:www.vastsverige.com
878:Coregonus widegreni
726:Djurö National Park
428:with its source in
388:Vänern drains into
202:Residence time
104: /
903:
875:Valaam whitefish (
870:Coregonus nilssoni
854:Coregonus megalops
845:Coregonus pallasii
753:
588:
541:promised a woman,
513:Monoporeia affinis
353:[ˈvɛ̂ːnɛɳ]
1507:
1506:
1501:Sweden portal
1127:. Merriam-Webster
988:978-0-19-924590-1
826:Sander lucioperca
799:Osmerus eperlanus
466:Vänern-Göta Fault
262:
261:
211:Surface elevation
108:58.917°N 13.500°E
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1491:Lakes portal
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942:Lakes of Sweden
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652:Gullspångsälven
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485:Gulf of Bothnia
477:width of Sweden
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126:Primary inflows
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1199:Björck, Svante
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987:
975:, ed. (2005),
973:Seppälä, Matti
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923:, who feed on
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771:eutrophication
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1360:Official site
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1309:on 2005-08-02
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1005:"Lake Vänern"
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1311:. Retrieved
1307:the original
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1247:. Retrieved
1245:. 2009-05-08
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1179:. Retrieved
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1129:. Retrieved
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1013:. Retrieved
1008:
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818:Salmo trutta
817:
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788:M74 syndrome
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695:Kristinehamn
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629:Värmlandsjön
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511:
493:Ancylus Lake
470:
443:
387:
264:
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206:8 to 9 years
193:Water volume
169:Surface area
1015:1 September
937:Hindens Rev
830:stickleback
814:brown trout
743:Environment
719:Trollhättan
518:Viking ship
462:fault scarp
452:during the
111: /
86:Coordinates
1514:Categories
1452:Torneträsk
1313:2006-04-22
1249:2019-02-06
1181:2020-11-26
948:References
925:cormorants
733:Kinnekulle
707:Vänersborg
693:in 1584),
668:Göta Canal
598:Luxembourg
590:See also:
551:Prose Edda
530:Prose Edda
414:Göta Canal
406:Baltic Sea
394:Gothenburg
256:References
185:Max. depth
35:Kinnekulle
33:View from
1430:Hjälmaren
1426:1,140 km²
1420:1,893 km²
1414:5,648 km²
1211:: 19–40.
1131:April 14,
1091:(US) and
1074:April 14,
1043:April 14,
837:whitefish
737:Halleberg
703:Lidköping
699:Mariestad
691:chartered
660:Norsälven
644:Klarälven
621:Dalbosjön
602:sea level
578:Geography
572:Earnaness
497:Degerfors
446:Paleozoic
430:Trøndelag
422:Klarälven
245:Kållandsö
132:Klarälven
1464:Uddjaure
1458:Hornavan
1446:Orsasjön
1436:Storsjön
1345:Fishbase
1119:"Vänern"
1094:"Vänern"
1089:"Vänern"
1059:"Vänern"
1031:"Vänern"
931:See also
775:plankton
764:nitrogen
721:(1916).
713:(1643),
709:(1644),
701:(1583),
697:(1642),
687:Karlstad
683:Kattegat
679:Göta älv
664:Göta älv
648:Karlstad
633:Värmland
625:Dalsland
617:Svealand
613:Götaland
509:amphipod
501:Värmland
483:and the
481:Kattegat
426:Karlstad
398:Kattegat
396:and the
392:towards
390:Göta älv
382:Värmland
378:Dalsland
349:Swedish:
146:Göta älv
1473:184 km²
1466:210 km²
1460:252 km²
1454:330 km²
1448:354 km²
1438:464 km²
1432:484 km²
1424:Mälaren
1418:Vättern
1290:Beowulf
1213:Bibcode
803:vendace
705:(1446)
672:Vättern
656:Byälven
568:Beowulf
563:Beowulf
547:Zealand
535:Mälaren
527:in his
505:Vättern
440:History
418:Vättern
241:Hammarö
224:Islands
99:13°30′E
96:58°55′N
1471:Bolmen
1442:Siljan
1412:Vänern
985:
822:zander
820:) and
715:Säffle
549:. The
543:Gefjon
448:-aged
434:Norway
380:, and
366:Ladoga
364:after
358:Sweden
265:Vänern
237:Fågelö
229:Brommö
159:Sweden
61:Vänern
22:Vänern
1175:(PDF)
911:gulls
907:terns
893:Birds
795:smelt
760:algae
566:. In
539:Gylfi
370:Onega
310:also
301:-nərn
233:Djurö
153:Basin
1133:2019
1076:2019
1045:2019
1017:2021
983:ISBN
909:and
781:Fish
711:Åmål
658:and
615:and
556:The
516:. A
368:and
344:-ərn
249:Lurö
1221:doi
839::
432:in
342:VEN
299:VAY
1516::
1444:+
1330:.
1241:.
1219:.
1209:17
1207:.
1190:^
1158:^
1121:.
1103:.
1096:.
1067:.
1061:.
1033:.
1007:.
996:^
956:^
927:.
913:.
832:.
777:.
739:.
728:.
654:,
639:.
608:.
574:.
499:,
468:.
436:.
376:,
347:,
329:ər
308:US
304:,
286:ər
280:eɪ
247:,
243:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1316:.
1279:.
1252:.
1227:.
1223::
1215::
1184:.
1135:.
1107:.
1078:.
1047:.
1019:.
881:)
857:)
824:(
816:(
805:(
797:(
689:(
335:/
332:n
326:n
323:ɛ
320:v
317:ˈ
314:/
292:/
289:n
283:n
277:v
274:ˈ
271:/
267:(
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