505:
124:
565:
344:
20:
297:
405:
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266:
442:
215:) contains a highly unusual square map on the back of the first folio. Patrick Marschner suggests that it is based on the V-in-square map type influenced by the T and O: "the map ... seems to follow the schematic approach of the V-in-square maps rather than that of T-O maps." it is square with the cardinal directions labelled, the continents labelled by Noah's sons and divided into three parts albeit with vertical lines, perhaps to better accommodate the copious text.
150:, where they always accompany a T and O map. Only three V-in-square maps are not accompanied by a T and O map. The two map types both generally show Asia as being the same size as Europe and Africa combined, but the T and O map is otherwise a much better representation of Isidore's full description of the world. Although Isidore may have included a T and O map in his original work, the V-in-square map does not originate with him, but was probably designed by an early
99:
on the right. Like the T and O map, it is oriented with east at the top. Confusingly, the left edge is often labelled west and the right edge south, while the bottom is unlabelled. Some maps label the cardinal directions more logically, but most label the areas with the names of Noah's sons rather
115:. Marcia Kupfer questions whether the V-in-square "figure" should be considered a map at all, since the correspondence between Noah's sons and the continents is not normally indicated and it is a presumption that the labelling of east and west on adjacent sides should be considered an error.
146:, written in the early 7th century: "For Asia extends from south to north in the east, but Europe from the north to the west, Africa from the west to the south." There are 35 known examples of V-in-square maps and 31 of them are illustrations of Book 14 of the
131:
elaboration of the V-in-square concept, in which "what had been the rectangular edges of the earth have become the frame of a view of the earth". The earth's curvature is depicted on the horizon. The positions of Europe and Africa have been curiously
110:
of the schematic tripartite type. Michael
Andrews classifies it as of the oecumenical tripartite type, by which he means that it depicts only the habitable world known to the medievals, to the exclusion of the
23:
A V-in-square map with all four edges correctly labelled by cardinal direction and the continents identified with Noah's sons and their climates (temperate Asia, frigid Europe and hot Africa).
174:
161:
made before 811. It continued to be included in copies as late as the 15th century, but not later. The most elaborate example of the type was that painted by the
195:
179:
867:. Vol. 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. University of Chicago Press. pp. 343–358.
822:
504:
352:
835:(2012). "A Neglected Type of Medieval Mappamundi and Its Re-imaging in the Mare Historiarum (BnF MS Lat. 4915, Fol. 26v)".
564:
343:
123:
296:
19:
513:
380:
305:
404:
807:
The
Shaping of Africa: Cosmographic Discourse and Cartographic Science in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
473:
856:
265:
103:
586:
325:
166:
413:
157:
V-in-square maps appear only in manuscripts. The earliest known example is found with a copy of the
154:. Although the V-in-square map illustrates Book 14, the names of Noah's sons are drawn from Book 9.
780:"The World Map of the Corpus Pelagianum (BNE, 1513, fol. 1v) and its Strategies of Identification"
71:. It is a square map divided into three parts by a V. These are labelled after the three sons of
330:
431:. This is the only example of the T and O and V-in-square maps found together outside of the
320:
8:
796:
779:
882:
185:
162:
143:
56:
818:
758:
203:
334:
844:
810:
791:
736:
540:
211:
around 1200 (now Madrid, Biblioteca nacional de España, MS 1513, but known as the
441:
190:
832:
848:
740:
876:
530:, dates to the 7th or 8th century, but the map was added by a later scribe.
814:
752:. Commission des Cartes Anciennes de l'Union Geographique Internationale.
138:
128:
92:
68:
51:
46:
41:
527:
428:
136:
The geography of V-in-square maps is based on a single sentence in the
67:
The V-in-square map is named from its basic shape, by analogy with the
723:
246:
112:
708:, but rejects one and adds three more not mentioned by Destombes.
151:
76:
208:
96:
80:
613:
611:
609:
173:, which may have been based on a V-in-square map in a copy of
251:
647:
683:
635:
606:
88:
84:
72:
49:. It is based on and usually found in conjunction with the
467:
Not a true V-in-square map, but follows the basic scheme.
767:
Peregrinations: Journal of
Medieval Art and Architecture
704:, p. 279 n12, cites 33 V-in-square maps listed in
671:
659:
319:
Map is found with the genealogical tables in a copy of
623:
223:
The following is a table of V-in-square maps cited by
75:, each corresponding to one of the known continents:
805:Relaño, Francesc (2002). Relaño, Francesc (ed.).
227:, plus the V-in-square-inspired map discussed in
874:
231:(marked in blue). It is not a complete list.
194:, where it could have been used to show the
863:". In J. B. Harley; David Woodward (eds.).
831:
795:
777:
747:
705:
701:
689:
677:
665:
617:
228:
224:
855:
629:
122:
45:(world map) in use in Europe during the
18:
722:
641:
875:
804:
756:
653:
859:(1987). "Reference Guide to Types of
797:10.1553/medievalworlds_no13_2021s195
759:"The Noachide Dispersion in English
13:
353:Ă–sterreichische Nationalbibliothek
100:than the names of the continents.
14:
894:
573:Bibliothèque nationale de France
91:in the middle (inside the V) and
563:
514:Bibliothèque nationale de France
503:
472:
440:
403:
342:
295:
264:
218:
715:
778:Marschner, Patrick S. (2021).
695:
450:Biblioteca nacional de España
62:
39:is a highly schematic type of
1:
459:
306:Biblioteca nacional de España
554:This is a copy of Isidore's
494:This is a copy of Isidore's
394:This is a copy of Isidore's
366:This is a copy of Isidore's
326:Commentary on the Apocalypse
286:This is a copy of Isidore's
198:as all descended from Adam.
163:Master of Jouvenel des Ursin
7:
750:Mappemondes, A.D. 1200–1500
414:Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
10:
899:
865:The History of Cartography
748:Destombes, Marcel (1964).
849:10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.102714
741:10.1017/S0261340900010407
16:Type of ancient world map
599:
482:Bibliothèque municipale
274:Bibliothèque municipale
118:
757:Kupfer, Marcia (2013).
656:, pp. 89–90 n. 14.
381:Bibliothèque municipale
133:
24:
815:10.4324/9781315194554
644:, pp. 69–70, 74.
126:
22:
427:The manuscript is a
692:, pp. 203–205.
620:, pp. 278–282.
331:Ferdinand I of LeĂłn
106:classifies it as a
585:This is a copy of
526:The manuscript, a
184:'s translation of
144:Isidore of Seville
134:
57:Isidore of Seville
25:
824:978-1-315-19455-4
763:c. 960 – c. 1130"
597:
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551:mid-15th century
321:Beatus of Liébana
204:Corpus Pelagianum
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213:CĂłdice de Batres
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171:Mare historiarum
167:Giovanni Colonna
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196:monstrous races
191:De civitate Dei
177:
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5:
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843:(2): 277–301.
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706:Destombes 1964
702:Van Duzer 2012
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690:Marschner 2021
682:
680:, p. 291.
678:Van Duzer 2012
670:
668:, p. 284.
666:Van Duzer 2012
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632:, p. 347.
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225:Van Duzer 2012
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165:for a copy of
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104:David Woodward
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363:12th century
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219:Table of maps
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83:on the left,
82:
78:
74:
70:
60:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
21:
864:
860:
840:
836:
806:
787:
783:
773:(1): 81–106.
770:
766:
761:Mappae Mundi
760:
749:
732:
729:Archaeologia
728:
725:Mappae Mundi
724:
716:Bibliography
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
642:Andrews 1926
637:
625:
590:
555:
545:Marston 123
495:
432:
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367:
324:
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158:
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147:
137:
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107:
102:
66:
50:
40:
36:
32:
28:
26:
861:Mappaemundi
809:. Ashgate.
790:: 195–228.
654:Kupfer 2013
556:Etymologiae
496:Etymologiae
463: 1200
433:Etymologiae
396:Etymologiae
368:Etymologiae
310:Vitr. 14-2
288:Etymologiae
283:before 811
178: [
159:Etymologiae
148:Etymologiae
139:Etymologiae
129:Renaissance
108:mappa mundi
69:T and O map
63:Description
52:Etymologiae
47:Middle Ages
42:mappa mundi
29:V-in-square
582:1447–1455
576:Lat. 4915
537:New Haven
528:lectionary
518:Lat. 9427
429:miscellany
418:CLM 14731
333:and Queen
201:A copy of
883:Map types
735:: 61–76.
247:Shelfmark
240:Location
186:Augustine
132:reversed.
113:Antipodes
877:Category
243:Library
207:made at
447:Madrid
410:Munich
349:Vienna
302:Madrid
152:copyist
77:Japheth
837:Viator
821:
570:Paris
510:Paris
479:Rouen
377:Douai
335:Sancha
271:Rouen
259:Notes
237:Image
209:Oviedo
97:Africa
81:Europe
33:V-in-â—»
600:Notes
548:131v
521:156v
488:107v
485:1019
453:1513
388:109r
360:117r
316:1047
256:Date
252:Folio
182:]
119:Usage
819:ISBN
579:26v
421:83v
385:320
313:12v
280:74v
277:524
95:for
89:Asia
87:for
85:Shem
79:for
73:Noah
31:(or
27:The
845:doi
811:doi
792:doi
737:doi
727:".
589:'s
456:1v
357:67
323:'s
188:'s
169:'s
142:of
93:Ham
55:of
37:map
879::
841:43
839:.
817:.
788:13
786:.
782:.
769:.
765:.
733:75
731:.
608:^
593:.
558:.
498:.
460:c.
435:.
398:.
370:.
337:.
290:.
180:fr
127:A
59:.
35:)
851:.
847::
827:.
813::
800:.
794::
771:4
743:.
739::
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