66:
2555:
1962:
2567:
113:
licensed
Version 5 to educational institutions, and Version 6 also to commercial sites. Schools paid $ 200 and others $ 20,000, discouraging most commercial use, but Version 6 was the most widely used version into the 1980s. Research Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the
118:
that describes them, because early versions and the last few were never officially released outside of Bell Labs, and grew organically. So, the first
Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is as "Version
1050:
mechanism introduced in V8. The mount system call was extended to connect a stream to a file, the other end of which could be connected to a (user-level) program. This mechanism was used to implement network connection code in user space. Other innovations include
170:
Research Unix 8th
Edition started from (I think) BSD 4.1c, but with enormous amounts scooped out and replaced by our own stuff. This continued with 9th and 10th. The ordinary user command-set was, I guess, a bit more BSD-flavored than SysVish, but it was pretty
200:
First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP-11 at the time. The operating system was two years old, having been ported from the PDP-7 to the PDP-11/20 in 1970. Includes
1326:
1068:
Last
Research Unix. Although the manual was published outside of AT&T by Saunders College Publishing, there was no full distribution of the system itself. Novelties included graphics
1504:
1197:
1172:, released V8, V9, and V10 under the condition that only non-commercial use was allowed, and that they would not assert copyright claims against such use.
107:
applied to earlier versions as well. Prior to V8, the operating system was most commonly called simply UNIX (in caps) or the UNIX Time-Sharing System.
1335:
970:
686:
1627:
439:
982:
831:
811:
823:
619:
1402:
986:
771:
1057:. According to Dennis Ritchie, V9 and V10 were "conceptual": manuals existed, but no OS distributions "in complete and coherent form".
705:. First version widely available outside of Bell Laboratories, licensed to commercial users, and to be ported to non-PDP hardware (
1113:
Plan 9 was a successor operating system to
Research Unix developed by Bell Laboratories Computing Science Research Center (CSRC).
2603:
1230:
1598:
1752:
1718:
430:
Total number of installations at the time was 10, "with more expected", according to the preface of the manual. Adds
1523:
1659:
1461:
1886:
1976:
874:
and the last release of
Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged most of the utilities of
2077:
1998:
895:
151:
91:(Vol. 57, No. 6, Part 2 July/August 1978) to distinguish it from other versions internal to Bell Labs (such as
1145:
1006:
88:
2598:
1706:
930:
635:
2536:
2342:
2246:
1822:
1002:
136:
96:
2201:
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1047:
99:) whose code-base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little-used until
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2530:
2485:
2116:
1965:
1437:
604:
1639:
2231:
1947:
1942:
1432:
1077:
998:
389:
209:
1745:
1080:
1014:
329:
50:
17:
2608:
2376:
815:
104:
2464:
1410:
654:. Targeted the PDP-11/40 and other 11 models with 18 bit addresses. Installations "above 50".
2571:
2524:
1605:
1125:
1104:
599:
interpreter. Number of installations was listed as "above 20". The manual was formatted with
245:
2519:
2422:
878:
with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80% more lines of code than V6. Ported to
65:
8:
2436:
2018:
1473:
1096:
742:
162:
described these later versions of
Research Unix as being closer to BSD than they were to
2451:
1991:
1738:
1375:
1149:
341:
273:
265:
1566:
1499:
1043:
Incorporated code from 4.3BSD; used internally. Featured a generalized version of the
2457:
2029:
1861:
1701:
1635:
1169:
1053:
751:
709:). May 1977 saw the release of MINI-UNIX, a "cut down" v6 for the low-end PDP-11/10.
385:
150:
Starting with the 8th
Edition, versions of Research Unix had a close relationship to
1379:
2064:
2014:
1465:
1365:
1155:
990:
918:
537:
was the mount point for a second hard disk). Total number of installations was 16.
257:
1697:
1609:
1353:
1305:
A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the
Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986
2044:
2039:
2034:
2006:
1901:
1881:
1838:
1186:
1088:
871:
847:
839:
819:
807:
573:
486:
443:
1678:
2297:
1921:
1906:
1876:
1866:
1787:
1781:
1398:
1303:
1162:
1133:
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883:
803:
791:
747:
714:
706:
659:
631:
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494:
463:
435:
431:
333:
159:
100:
69:
1682:
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2395:
2258:
2109:
2049:
1984:
1844:
1686:
1477:
1084:
1029:
914:
787:
763:
647:
213:
163:
1028:, and a regular expression library that introduced an API later mimicked by
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490:
455:
408:
373:
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301:
221:
1370:
1032:'s reimplementation. First version with no assembly in the documentation.
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1911:
1896:
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1069:
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851:
843:
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974:
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651:
467:
369:
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2011:
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205:
201:
154:. This began by using 4.1cBSD as the basis for the 8th Edition. In a
132:
54:
1730:
1257:
1205:- A version of Unix for internal use at Bell Labs for production use
2506:
2358:
2324:
2211:
2166:
2151:
1916:
1871:
1816:
1793:
1231:"The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace"
1202:
1083:, animation programs, and several tools later found in Plan 9: the
942:
891:
875:
767:
482:
447:
396:
115:
92:
2499:
1583:
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2471:
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2104:
2094:
1810:
1712:
1044:
966:
950:
922:
412:
393:
110:
603:
for the first time. Version described in
Thompson and Ritchie's
2446:
2365:
2241:
2216:
2180:
2136:
2099:
2088:
1137:
1010:
994:
978:
925:. Used internally, and only licensed for educational use. Adds
879:
795:
690:
669:
596:
590:
498:
381:
361:
155:
73:
42:
1001:
graphics terminal became the primary user interface. Includes
2416:
2383:
2370:
2280:
2192:
2173:
2159:
2121:
1713:
Full Manual Pages documentation for Research Unix 8th Edition
1500:"Interprocess Communication in the Ninth Edition Unix System"
1166:
1073:
934:
859:
775:
735:
728:
678:
600:
569:
451:
400:
325:
293:
229:
225:
144:
140:
131:
is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix—excepting
38:
1694:- More links and source code for some Research Unix versions
607:
paper, the first public exposition of the operating system.
2286:
2269:
2141:
2007:
1761:
946:
863:
779:
682:
627:
561:
549:
518:
514:
416:
377:
297:
289:
269:
77:
34:
618:
Licensed to selected educational institutions. Introduced
2389:
2353:
2126:
1141:
910:
887:
867:
827:
783:
759:
694:
639:
46:
1691:
1660:
Samizdat no more: Old Unix source code opened for study
1198:
Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code
281:
1590:
1325:Thompson, Ken; Ritchie, Dennis M. (June 12, 1972).
1567:Caldera releases original unices under BSD license
1017:that allowed accessing remote computers' files as
1719:List of new features in Research Unix 9th Edition
2585:
1709:by Warren Toomey, School of IT, Bond University
1498:Presotto, David L.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1990).
1497:
1351:
1324:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1258:"alt.folklore.computers: BSD (Dennis Ritchie)"
1992:
1746:
1698:The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System
1334:. Bell Telephone Laboratories. Archived from
1228:
1194:- Another operating system from the same team
27:Original Unix operating system from Bell Labs
1628:"Why Caldera Released Unix: A Brief History"
1215:
548:First version written in C. Also introduced
57:Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC).
1999:
1985:
1753:
1739:
1403:"[TUHS] Re: V7 UNIX on VAX 11/750"
1393:
1391:
1389:
1596:
1369:
1311:(Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
1294:
1328:UNIX Programmer's Manual, Second Edition
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
64:
1707:The Restoration of Early UNIX Artifacts
1459:
1397:
1386:
1298:
1255:
14:
2586:
1625:
1554:"The IX Multilevel-Secure UNIX System"
1980:
1760:
1734:
1352:Ritchie, D. M.; Thompson, K. (1974).
1271:
166:, which also included some BSD code:
2566:
1597:Broderick, Bill (January 23, 2002).
1320:
1318:
1256:Ritchie, Dennis (26 October 2000).
1161:In 2017, Unix Heritage Society and
24:
1165:USA Inc., on behalf of itself and
1128:released Unix V1, V2, V3, V4, V5,
25:
2620:
1672:
1505:Software: Practice and Experience
1315:
2565:
2554:
2553:
1961:
1960:
466:compiler-compiler and the first
2552:indicate discontinued systems.
1653:
1619:
1576:
1560:
1546:
1516:
2604:Discontinued operating systems
1491:
1453:
1425:
1354:"The UNIX Time-Sharing System"
1345:
1249:
1229:Fiedler, Ryan (October 1983).
147:—derive from the 7th Edition.
13:
1:
1626:Darwin, Ian F. (2002-02-03).
1460:Spencer, Henry (1986-01-19).
1209:
1091:. V10 was also the basis for
521:. Commands are split between
89:Bell System Technical Journal
1725:Emulator for running UNIX v9
1072:tools designed to work with
53:computers, developed in the
7:
2537:Windows Subsystem for Linux
1524:"Unix Tenth Edition Manual"
1175:
909:A modified 4.1cBSD for the
407:and functions for managing
175:
10:
2625:
60:
33:are early versions of the
2545:
2531:Windows Services for UNIX
2486:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
2435:
2334:
2255:
2190:
2074:
2063:
2025:
1956:
1943:AT&T Computer Systems
1935:
1854:
1831:
1803:
1772:
1438:The Unix Heritage Society
1358:Communications of the ACM
1119:
894:). 32V was the basis for
1948:Unix System Laboratories
1586:. lemis.com. 2002-01-24.
388:. The system also had a
135:implementations such as
1685:) by Ian F. Darwin and
1662:by Richard Chirgwin on
1599:"Dear Unix enthusiasts"
51:Interdata 7/32 and 8/32
173:
87:first appeared in the
80:
2525:UserLAnd Technologies
1606:Caldera International
1371:10.1145/361011.361061
1126:Caldera International
1099:operating system IX.
376:; also precursors of
168:
68:
37:operating system for
2520:UNIX System Services
2019:compatibility layers
1615:on 19 February 2009.
1095:and James A. Reeds'
750:'s C compiler. Adds
2599:Computing platforms
2247:Other distributions
1087:build tool and the
1015:network file system
1823:MERT/DMERT/UNIX-RT
1534:on 3 February 2015
870:. The ancestor of
81:
2581:
2580:
2431:
2430:
2015:operating systems
1974:
1973:
1862:Stephen R. Bourne
1702:Dennis M. Ritchie
1170:Bell Laboratories
1117:
1116:
1097:multilevel-secure
16:(Redirected from
2616:
2594:Bell Labs Unices
2569:
2568:
2557:
2556:
2072:
2071:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1687:Geoffrey Collyer
1667:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1638:. Archived from
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1608:. Archived from
1603:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:. Archived from
1520:
1514:
1513:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:. Archived from
1401:(27 June 2003).
1395:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1296:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1226:
1156:software license
1140:and Unix 32V on
1056:
1027:
745:
739:
732:
672:
594:
536:
528:
524:
180:
179:
158:post from 2000,
21:
2624:
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2617:
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2582:
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2427:
2330:
2251:
2186:
2066:
2059:
2021:
2005:
1975:
1970:
1952:
1931:
1902:Douglas McIlroy
1882:Brian Kernighan
1850:
1839:UNIX System III
1827:
1799:
1768:
1759:
1675:
1670:
1666:(30 March 2017)
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1584:"UNIX is free!"
1582:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1478:1316@panda.UUCP
1458:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1407:minnie.tuhs.org
1399:Ritchie, Dennis
1396:
1387:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1297:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1187:History of Unix
1178:
1122:
1052:
1018:
872:UNIX System III
741:
734:
727:
668:
589:
534:
526:
522:
481:Introduced a C
444:macro processor
183:Manual Edition
178:
103:, but has been
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2037:
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2026:
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2004:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1922:Dennis Ritchie
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Lee E. McMahon
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Stuart Feldman
1874:
1869:
1867:Lorinda Cherry
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:Version 7 Unix
1785:
1782:Version 6 Unix
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1679:UNIX Evolution
1674:
1673:External links
1671:
1669:
1668:
1652:
1636:O'Reilly Media
1632:Linuxdevcenter
1618:
1589:
1575:
1559:
1545:
1515:
1490:
1452:
1424:
1385:
1364:(7): 365–375.
1344:
1341:on 2016-10-06.
1314:
1300:McIlroy, M. D.
1270:
1248:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1163:Alcatel-Lucent
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
907:
904:
900:
899:
884:Interdata 8/32
748:Dennis Ritchie
720:
717:
711:
710:
707:Interdata 7/32
665:
662:
656:
655:
616:
613:
609:
608:
546:
543:
539:
538:
529:, requiring a
479:
476:
472:
471:
428:
425:
421:
420:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
184:
177:
174:
160:Dennis Ritchie
101:Version 8 Unix
70:Version 7 Unix
62:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2621:
2610:
2609:Unix variants
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2574:
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2548:
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2535:
2533:
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2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
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2488:
2487:
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2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
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2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2437:Compatibility
2434:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:Research Unix
2402:
2398:
2397:
2396:BlackBerry 10
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
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2110:DragonFly BSD
2108:
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1845:UNIX System V
1843:
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1714:
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1708:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:Unix heritage
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1642:on 2004-06-01
1641:
1637:
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1607:
1600:
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1579:
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1501:
1494:
1479:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1413:on 2017-03-05
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
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1390:
1381:
1377:
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1363:
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1259:
1252:
1237:. p. 132
1236:
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1103:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:10th Edition
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:Henry Spencer
1026:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
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984:
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976:
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785:
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777:
773:
769:
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761:
757:
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749:
744:
737:
730:
725:
722:Includes the
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
666:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:
611:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:. Included a
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
541:
540:
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477:
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469:
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453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
427:Jun 12, 1972
426:
423:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:interpreter,
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
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347:
343:
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239:
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231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
192:
188:
186:Release date
185:
182:
181:
172:
167:
165:
164:UNIX System V
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:Unix", where
126:
122:
117:
112:
108:
106:
105:retroactively
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:Research Unix
79:
76:, running in
75:
71:
67:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Research Unix
19:
2570:
2558:
2549:
2529:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2415:
2404:
2403:
2394:
2382:
2375:
2341:
2323:
2316:
2302:
2285:
2268:
2257:
2256:
2191:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2087:
2076:
2075:
2030:Architecture
1927:Ken Thompson
1773:
1664:register.com
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1631:
1621:
1610:the original
1592:
1578:
1571:slashdot.org
1562:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1518:
1509:
1503:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1455:
1445:December 19,
1443:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1406:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1336:the original
1327:
1304:
1261:. Retrieved
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1182:Ancient UNIX
1160:
1123:
1107:1st Edition
1093:Doug McIlroy
1037:9th Edition
1024:
1020:
921:replaced by
903:8th Edition
724:Bourne shell
612:5th Edition
542:4th Edition
475:3rd Edition
424:2nd Edition
409:punched tape
405:device files
197:Nov 3, 1971
194:1st Edition
189:Description
169:
149:
128:
124:
120:
109:
84:
82:
30:
29:
2493:MKS Toolkit
2304:OpenSolaris
1912:Joe Ossanna
1897:John Mashey
1538:25 December
1470:mod.sources
1462:"regexp(3)"
1081:interpreter
1070:typesetting
927:Berkeley DB
746:augmenting
715:7th Edition
660:6th Edition
650:, and the
531:search path
123:Unix" or "V
2588:Categories
2514:PWS/VSE-AF
2411:SerenityOS
2318:Tru64 UNIX
2293:OpenServer
2045:Philosophy
2035:Filesystem
1887:David Korn
1832:Commercial
1683:PostScript
1646:2022-01-18
1241:30 January
1210:References
1150:permissive
1013:. Added a
917:shell and
652:sticky bit
468:C compiler
2349:Domain/OS
2065:Operating
2012:Unix-like
1936:Companies
1892:Mike Lesk
1813:(c. 1975)
1766:Bell Labs
1528:Bell Labs
1483:9 January
1466:Newsgroup
1124:In 2002,
1065:Oct 1989
1040:Sep 1986
913:, with a
906:Feb 1985
719:Jan 1979
667:Includes
664:May 1975
615:Jun 1974
545:Nov 1973
478:Feb 1973
171:eclectic.
133:Unix-like
83:The term
55:Bell Labs
39:DEC PDP-7
2560:Category
2507:P.I.P.S.
2343:Coherent
2325:UnixWare
2259:System V
2212:ChromeOS
2167:NeXTSTEP
2152:bridgeOS
2050:Security
1966:Category
1917:Rob Pike
1872:Tom Duff
1817:PWB/UNIX
1804:Internal
1794:UNIX/32V
1774:Research
1380:53235982
1302:(1987).
1203:PWB/UNIX
1176:See also
1153:BSD-like
1148:under a
1089:rc shell
1021:hostname
943:compress
915:System V
892:UNIX/32V
876:PWB/UNIX
768:basename
527:/usr/bin
505:, size,
483:debugger
397:compiler
176:Versions
137:Coherent
111:AT&T
93:PWB/UNIX
72:for the
2572:Commons
2550:Italics
2479:MachTen
2472:Interix
2452:Darling
2423:more...
2310:Illumos
2298:Solaris
2232:Red Hat
2202:Android
2147:watchOS
2132:audioOS
2105:OpenBSD
2095:FreeBSD
2067:systems
2040:History
1811:CB UNIX
1474:Usenet:
1468::
1417:9 April
1192:Inferno
1045:Streams
971:netnews
967:netstat
923:Streams
919:sockets
792:fortune
419:disks.
413:DECtape
394:Fortran
61:History
18:V8 Unix
2458:Eunice
2447:Cygwin
2439:layers
2366:LynxOS
2242:Ubuntu
2227:Gentoo
2222:Fedora
2217:Debian
2181:Ultrix
2137:iPadOS
2117:Darwin
2100:NetBSD
2089:386BSD
1855:People
1847:(1983)
1841:(1982)
1819:(1977)
1796:(1979)
1790:(1979)
1784:(1975)
1573:(2002)
1476:
1378:
1263:3 July
1138:PDP-11
1120:Legacy
1105:Plan 9
1011:Altran
1007:Pascal
997:. The
995:vmstat
979:telnet
931:curses
880:PDP-11
796:iostat
788:factor
764:banner
740:, and
701:, and
691:ptrace
687:newgrp
670:ratfor
597:SNOBOL
591:printf
588:, and
517:, and
499:passwd
415:, and
384:, and
382:reboot
362:umount
156:Usenet
143:, and
116:manual
74:PDP-11
43:PDP-11
2417:Xenix
2384:OSF/1
2371:Minix
2335:Other
2281:HP-UX
2193:Linux
2174:SunOS
2160:DYNIX
2122:macOS
2055:Shell
1613:(PDF)
1602:(PDF)
1441:. n.d
1433:"csh"
1376:S2CID
1339:(PDF)
1332:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1167:Nokia
1110:1992
1074:troff
939:clear
935:cflow
933:(3),
860:tsort
856:false
848:touch
776:diff3
736:stdio
729:ioctl
699:units
693:(2),
679:chgrp
644:spell
601:troff
574:sleep
570:nohup
511:split
507:speak
491:crypt
487:pipes
456:strip
452:nroff
442:, m6
440:login
401:BASIC
374:write
346:strip
326:rmdir
302:mount
294:mkdir
230:chown
226:chmod
222:chdir
145:Linux
141:Minix
2500:PASE
2359:Hurd
2287:IRIX
2270:A/UX
2237:SUSE
2207:Arch
2142:tvOS
2017:and
2010:and
2008:Unix
1762:Unix
1540:2013
1485:2013
1447:2022
1419:2014
1265:2014
1243:2015
1235:BYTE
1146:FOSS
1076:, a
1025:path
1009:and
1003:Lisp
999:Blit
983:tset
963:last
947:cpio
896:3BSD
886:and
864:uucp
852:true
844:test
836:tail
832:tabs
820:make
812:look
808:lint
800:join
780:expr
703:wall
683:cron
628:diff
605:CACM
586:wait
578:sync
566:nice
562:grep
558:file
554:dump
550:comm
535:/usr
525:and
523:/bin
519:yacc
515:uniq
495:kill
460:stty
436:exit
432:echo
417:RK05
399:, a
392:and
378:fsck
342:stat
338:sort
330:roff
298:mkfs
290:mesg
286:mail
270:init
266:glob
262:find
242:date
97:MERT
95:and
78:SIMH
49:and
35:Unix
2465:GNV
2390:QNX
2377:MOS
2354:GNU
2276:AIX
2127:iOS
2078:BSD
1764:by
1700:by
1569:on
1366:doi
1144:as
1142:VAX
1136:on
1054:Sam
1048:IPC
1019:/n/
975:seq
959:ksh
955:cut
951:csh
911:VAX
888:VAX
868:uux
840:tar
828:sed
824:rev
804:lex
784:f77
760:awk
752:adb
743:pcc
738:(3)
731:(2)
695:tbl
648:tee
640:pwd
636:lpr
632:eqn
620:col
593:(3)
464:tmg
448:man
386:adb
370:who
358:tty
354:sum
234:cmp
218:cat
214:cal
210:bcd
152:BSD
47:VAX
2590::
1634:.
1630:.
1604:.
1526:.
1510:19
1508:.
1502:.
1472:.
1464:.
1435:.
1405:.
1388:^
1374:.
1362:17
1360:.
1356:.
1317:^
1273:^
1233:.
1217:^
1158:.
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1130:V6
1085:Mk
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991:vi
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987:ul
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