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418:, Polyakov experienced a clear decline in mood as well as a feeling of increased workload during the first few weeks of spaceflight and return to Earth. Polyakov's mood stabilized to pre-flight levels between the second and fourteenth month of his mission. It was also revealed that Polyakov did not suffer from any prolonged performance impairments after returning to Earth. In light of these findings, researchers concluded that a stable mood and overall function could be maintained during extended duration spaceflights, such as
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After returning from space, Polyakov remained active in the discipline of international spaceflight, becoming a "cosmonaut-investigator" for the United States, Austria, Germany, and France during their respective space science missions to the Mir space station. He died on 7 September 2022 at the age
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mission. He spent approximately 437 days aboard Mir, conducting experiments and performing scientific research. During this flight, he completed just over 7,000 orbits of the Earth. On 9 January 1995, after 366 days in space, Polyakov formally broke the spaceflight duration record previously set by
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Polyakov retired from his position as a cosmonaut in June 1995, with a total of just over 678 days in space. He participated in experiment SFINCSS-99 (Simulation of Flight of
International Crew on Space Station) in 1999. Polyakov was the Deputy Director of the Ministry of Public Health in Moscow,
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environment on long-duration missions to Mars. Upon returning from his second spaceflight, Polyakov held the record for the most total time in space. Data from
Polyakov's flight has been used by researchers to determine that humans are able to maintain a healthy mental state during long-duration
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Polyakov underwent medical assessments before, during, and after the flight. He also underwent two follow-up examinations six months after returning to Earth. When researchers compared the results of these medical exams, it was revealed that although there were no impairments of
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where he oversaw the medical aspects of long-duration space missions. He was a member of the
Russian Chief Medical Commission, participating in the qualification and selection of cosmonauts. He also held membership in the International Space Researchers' Association and the
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in the USSR on 27 April 1942. Born Valeri
Ivanovich Korshunov, Polyakov legally changed his name after being adopted by his stepfather in 1957. He was educated at the Tula Secondary School No. 4, from which he graduated in 1959.
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Manzey, Dietrich; Lorenz, Bernd; Poljakov, Valeri (1 April 1998). "Mental performance in extreme environments: results from a performance monitoring study during a 438-day spaceflight".
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and a nearby lawn chair, instead walking the short distance. In doing so, he wished to prove that humans could be physically capable of working on the surface of
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Polyakov's record for longest cumulative time in space of 678 days over two missions stood until surpassed in 1999 by cosmonaut
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in 1988. After staying aboard the Mir space station and conducting research for 240 days, Polyakov returned to Earth aboard
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Polyakov's second spaceflight, the longest human spaceflight in history, began on 8 January 1994 with the launch of the
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323:. Polyakov dedicated himself to the field of space medicine in 1964 after the flight of the first physician in space,
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for more than 14 months (437 days 18 hours) during one trip. His combined space experience was more than 22 months.
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283:. Polyakov completed his second flight into space in 1994β1995, spending 437 days in space between launching on
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448:β 8 January 1994, 10:05:34 UTC to 22 March 1995, 04:04:05 UTC β 437 days, 17 hours, 58 minutes and 31 seconds
438:β 28 August 1988, 04:23:11 UTC to 27 April 1989, 02:57:58 UTC β 241 days, 22 hours, 34 minutes and 47 seconds
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Polyakov held the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" and published several works pertaining to
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Polyakov volunteered for his 437-day flight to learn how the human body would respond to the
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on 22 March 1995. Upon landing, Polyakov opted not to be carried the few feet between the
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Leaving earth: space stations, rival superpowers, and the quest for interplanetary travel
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Polyakov won several awards for his spaceflight and academic achievements, including the
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Soviet and
Russian cosmonaut, record holder for longest single stay in space (1942β2022)
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Selected as a cosmonaut in 1972, Polyakov made his first flight into space aboard
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744:"SETTING THE RECORD: FOURTEEN MONTHS ABOARD MIR WAS DREAM MISSION FOR POLYAKOV"
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872:"March 22nd, 1995 β 15th Anniversary of Valeri Polyakov's return to Earth"
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Organization of Ibero-American States for
Education, Science and Culture
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with a total of 747 days in space during three different missions.
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Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space
Exploration"
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1194:"1999 PRINCE OF ASTURIAS AWARD FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION"
260:, 27 April 1942 β 7 September 2022) was a Soviet and Russian
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I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State
Medical University alumni
374:. His first words upon return were "We can fly to Mars.β
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on 22 March 1972. His first flight into space occurred on
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Princess of
Asturias Award for International Cooperation
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Prince of
Asturias Award for International Cooperation
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
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802:"March 22, 1995: Longest Human Space Adventure Ends"
719:. New Mexico Museum of Space History. Archived from
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in 1988. He returned to Earth 240 days later aboard
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1611:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
1105:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
343:Polyakov observes rendezvous operations with the
264:. He is the record holder for the longest single
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769:. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. pp.
390:six years earlier. He returned to Earth aboard
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532:Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
494:. He was a member of organizations related to
1419:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
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654:"Staying Put on Earth, Taking a Step to Mars"
313:Institute of Medical and Biological Problems
997:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
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906:General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects
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309:I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute
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566:Order of The Saur Revolution (Afghanistan)
462:. Polyakov was married and had one child.
31:
1054:. International Academy of Astronautics.
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569:Order of the Sun of Freedom (Afghanistan)
410:spaceflight just as they would on Earth.
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580:List of Heroes of the Russian Federation
362:Polyakov was selected as a cosmonaut in
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1709:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative
1468:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
1196:. The Princess of Asturias Foundation.
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1029:from the original on 29 September 2011
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553:Prince of Asturias Award (now renamed
1697:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education
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1268:from the original on 26 December 2005
1234:from the original on 26 December 2005
1174:from the original on 26 December 2005
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460:International Academy of Astronautics
402:after a long-duration transit phase.
1578:Malaria Research and Training Centre
1327:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
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942:from the original on 17 October 2022
899:
790:
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1558:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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652:Schwirtz, Michael (30 March 2009).
334:
13:
1797:Recipients of the Order of Parasat
1061:from the original on 28 April 2020
972:from the original on 15 April 2023
800:Madrigal, Alexis (22 March 2010).
14:
1828:
1570:Manhiça Centre of Health Research
1283:
1200:from the original on 19 June 2021
1140:from the original on 8 March 2021
1109:from the original on 26 July 2019
864:
812:from the original on 11 June 2016
742:Hall, Loretta (9 February 2015).
1792:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1772:Officers of the Legion of Honour
1752:Heroes of the Russian Federation
1599:National Transplant Organization
912:from the original on 9 June 2023
664:from the original on 7 July 2018
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354:mission through a window on the
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1582:Kintampo Health Research Centre
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717:"Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov"
425:
1619:for the Advancement of Science
1258:"ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
1224:"ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
1164:"ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
1081:"ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
522:Hero of the Russian Federation
480:Hero of the Russian Federation
1:
1802:Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery
1329:for International Cooperation
639:
488:Order of the Legion of Honour
452:
315:, Ministry of Public Health,
294:
238:Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov
44:Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov
1136:(in Russian). Warheroes.ru.
1133:ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
1022:ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²
874:. Space Yuga. Archived from
246:ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²
7:
1669:Hispanic Society of America
1595:The Transplantation Society
1544:2004: The European Union's
1528:International Space Station
590:List of spaceflight records
573:
555:Princess of Asturias Awards
549:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
10:
1833:
1757:Heroes of the Soviet Union
1691:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
761:Zimmerman, Robert (2003).
319:, where he specialized in
250:Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov
1647:
1636:
1589:World Health Organization
1540:Luiz InΓ‘cio Lula da Silva
1522:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1345:
1334:
469:
258:ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²
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1777:People from Tula, Russia
1574:Ifakara Health Institute
1132:
527:Hero of the Soviet Union
476:Hero of the Soviet Union
1464:Government of Guatemala
1391:Javier PΓ©rez de CuΓ©llar
1381:University of Salamanca
850:10.1080/001401398186991
420:crewed missions to Mars
1413:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
900:McDowell, Jonathan C.
359:
1385:University of Coimbra
342:
321:astronautics medicine
299:Polyakov was born in
268:, staying aboard the
1782:Physician astronauts
1494:Fatana Ishaq Gailani
1478:Olayinka Koso-Thomas
1426:Frederik W. de Klerk
1290:Spacefacts biography
1675:Amref Health Africa
1357:Enrique V. Iglesias
1351:JosΓ© LΓ³pez Portillo
1103:"Mir Space Station"
416:cognitive functions
307:He enrolled in the
1807:Russian cosmonauts
1617:Max Planck Society
1363:Belisario Betancur
902:"Launch List: R-7"
658:The New York Times
633:Spaceflight portal
516:Honours and awards
360:
1817:Soviet physicians
1812:Soviet cosmonauts
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1728:
1725:
1724:
1632:
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1624:Fulbright Program
1546:Erasmus Programme
1407:Mikhail Gorbachev
1325:Laureates of the
1049:"Membership List"
878:on 27 August 2011
780:978-0-309-08548-9
585:Human spaceflight
358:in February 1995.
287:and landing with
270:Mir space station
235:
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1824:
1767:Mir crew members
1638:
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1597:and the Spanish
1490:Rigoberta MenchΓΊ
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785:valeri polyakov.
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723:on 24 April 2020
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605:Biography portal
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561:Order of Parasat
538:Legion of Honour
492:Order of Parasat
335:Cosmonaut career
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204:Mission insignia
145:679d 16h 33m 18s
79:
76:7 September 2022
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1703:Ellen MacArthur
1663:Paris Agreement
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1516:Valeri Polyakov
1369:Contadora group
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1001:on 2 March 2009
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356:Mir Core Module
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154:Medical Group 3
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403:
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397:
396:Soyuz capsule
393:
389:
385:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
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353:
349:
348:
341:
332:
330:
326:
325:Boris Yegorov
322:
318:
314:
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305:
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292:
290:
286:
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278:
273:
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267:
266:stay in space
263:
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141:Time in space
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54:27 April 1942
42:
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34:
29:
22:
19:
1685:Khan Academy
1605:Bill Drayton
1580:(Mali), and
1576:(Tanzania),
1515:
1512:Chiaki Mukai
1482:Graça Machel
1452:MΓ‘rio Soares
1270:. Retrieved
1262:ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1228:ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
1214:
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1188:
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1168:ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
1154:
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1113:24 September
1111:. Retrieved
1097:
1087:22 September
1085:. Retrieved
1083:(in Russian)
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1021:
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1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
976:12 September
974:. Retrieved
962:"EUROMIR 94"
956:
946:12 September
944:. Retrieved
926:
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914:. Retrieved
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866:
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725:. Retrieved
721:the original
666:. Retrieved
657:
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563:(Kazakhstan)
507:
500:
496:astronautics
473:
464:
456:
426:Spaceflights
412:
404:
388:Musa Manarov
376:
361:
346:
306:
298:
274:
249:
237:
236:
126:Space career
125:
116:
78:(2022-09-07)
66:Soviet Union
62:Russian SFSR
18:
1747:2022 deaths
1742:1942 births
1681:Salman Khan
1552:Simone Veil
1504:Pedro Duque
1474:Emma Bonino
1458:Helmut Kohl
1397:Γscar Arias
446:Soyuz TM-20
442:Soyuz TM-18
392:Soyuz TM-20
379:Soyuz TM-18
285:Soyuz TM-18
196:Soyuz TM-20
192:Soyuz TM-18
95:Nationality
1736:Categories
1667:2017: The
1532:2002: The
1508:John Glenn
1498:Somaly Mam
1272:14 October
1254:Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π.
1238:14 October
1220:Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π.
1178:14 October
1160:Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π.
1005:27 January
995:"Polyakov"
838:Ergonomics
727:27 January
640:References
490:, and the
453:Later life
436:Soyuz TM-7
432:Soyuz TM-6
372:Soyuz TM-7
368:Soyuz TM-6
295:Early life
277:Soyuz TM-6
176:Soyuz TM-7
172:Soyuz TM-6
103:Occupation
50:1942-04-27
1653:Knowledge
932:"Aragatz"
806:Wired.com
347:Discovery
329:Voskhod 1
327:, aboard
262:cosmonaut
188:Mir EO-17
184:Mir EO-16
180:Mir EO-15
150:Selection
135:cosmonaut
133:Roscosmos
118:See below
107:Physician
1683:and the
1661:and the
1466:and the
1266:Archived
1232:Archived
1204:23 March
1198:Archived
1172:Archived
1144:23 March
1138:Archived
1107:Archived
1056:Archived
1033:8 August
1027:Archived
1025:. 2011.
970:Archived
940:Archived
910:Archived
810:Archived
662:Archived
574:See also
557:, Spain)
540:(France)
168:Mir EO-4
164:Mir EO-3
160:Missions
1584:(Ghana)
1564:Al Gore
1421:(UNHCR)
1065:19 July
858:9557591
816:23 June
466:of 80.
350:on its
254:Russian
248:, born
242:Russian
98:Russian
1714:2024:
1711:(DNDi)
1707:2023:
1701:2022:
1695:2021:
1689:2020:
1679:2019:
1673:2018:
1657:2016:
1651:2015:
1622:2014:
1615:2013:
1609:2012:
1603:2011:
1593:2010:
1587:2009:
1568:2008:
1562:2007:
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1550:2005:
1538:2003:
1526:2001:
1520:2000:
1514:, and
1502:1999:
1496:, and
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1349:1981:
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773:β372.
668:15 May
470:Legacy
352:STS-63
317:Moscow
113:Awards
88:Russia
84:Moscow
1718:(OEI)
1059:(PDF)
1052:(PDF)
289:TM-20
1444:and
1428:and
1405:and
1383:and
1274:2019
1240:2019
1206:2021
1180:2019
1146:2021
1115:2011
1089:2022
1067:2011
1035:2011
1007:2011
978:2023
948:2023
918:2023
884:2011
854:PMID
818:2016
775:ISBN
729:2011
670:2010
400:Mars
386:and
301:Tula
281:TM-7
73:Died
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40:Born
1488:,
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936:ESA
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