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eastern and western halves. The two rooms in the centre, the entrance vestibule to the north and the oval salon to the south, were originally an open-air loggia, dividing the château into two distinct sections. The interior decoration of these two rooms was therefore more typical of an outdoor setting. Three sets of three arches, those on the entrance front, three more between the vestibule and the salon, and the three leading from the salon to the garden are all aligned and permitted the arriving visitor to see through to the central axis of the garden even before entering the château. The exterior arches could be closed with iron gates and only later were filled in with glass doors and the interior arches with mirrored doors. Since the loggia divided the building into two-halves, there are two symmetrical staircases on either side of it, rather than a single staircase. The rooms in the eastern half of the house were intended for the use of the king, those in the western were for
Fouquet. The provision of a suite of rooms for the king was normal practice in aristocratic houses of the time, since the king travelled frequently.
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633:, again reminiscent of Mansart's work at Maisons. Le Vau supplements these with two additional receding volumes between the pavilions and the central mass. All of these elements are further emphasized with steep pyramidal caps. Such steep roofs were inherited from medieval times and, like brick, were rapidly going out of fashion. Le Vau would never use them again. The overall effect at Vaux, according to Andrew Ayers, is "somewhat disparate and disorderly". Moreover, as David Hanser points out, Le Vau's elevation violates several rules of pure classical architecture. One of the most egregious is the use of two, rather than three, bays in the lateral pavilions, resulting in the uncomfortable placement of the
425:'s workshop", was restored in 2016–2017 and was first shown to the public in March 2017. The business is now administered by their three sons: Alexandre, Jean-Charles and Ascanio de Vogüé. "We don’t care about the aristocratic part of this life," said Alexandre de Vogüé, but they are determined to continue the preservation. "We have a ten-year plan, detailing what to do and when; a plan that includes a project of infrastructure restoration, restoration of the garden, and smaller projects; all with anticipated costs next to it. We make this list public for our donors, and people can sponsor a special project, such as restoring a statue in the garden," Alexandre told a reporter in 2017.
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elements involved and discovers that the garden is much larger than it looks. Next, a circular pool, previously seen as ovular due to foreshortening, is passed and a canal that bisects the site is revealed, as well as a lower level path. As the viewer continues on, the second pool shows itself to be square and the grottos and their niched statues become clearer. However, when one walks towards the grottos, the relationship between the pool and the grottos appears awry. The grottos are actually on a much lower level than the rest of the garden and separated by a wide canal that is over half a mile (almost a kilometre) long. According to Allen Weiss, in
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715:(which might be roughly translated as 'hidden distortion') in his garden design in order to establish decelerated perspective. The most apparent change in this manner is of the reflecting pools. They are narrower at the closest point to the viewer (standing at the rear of the château) than at their farthest point; this makes them appear closer to the viewer. From a certain designed viewing point, the distortion designed into the landscape elements produces a particular
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516:). This accounts for the lack of a grand staircase or a gallery, standard elements of most contemporary châteaux. Also noteworthy are corridors in the basement and on the first floor, which run the length of house, providing privacy to the rooms they access. Up to the middle of the 17th century, corridors were essentially unknown. Another feature of the plan, the four pavilions, one at each corner of the building, is more conventional.
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creates visual effects, which are not encountered in nature, making the spectacle of gardens designed in this way extremely unusual to the viewer (who experiences a tension between the natural perspective cues in his peripheral vision and the forced perspective of the formal garden). The perspective effects are not readily apparent in photographs, either, making viewing the gardens in person the only way of truly experiencing them.
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lawn is reached and the garden is viewed from the initial viewpoint's vanishing point, thus completing the circuit as intended by Le Nôtre. From this point, the distortions create the illusion that the gardens are much longer than they actually are. The many discoveries made as one travels through the dynamic garden contrast with the static view of the garden from the château.
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facilities in the basement, so these structures were no longer needed. This U-shaped plan of the house with the terraces is a device that again recalls
Maisons, where Mansart intended "to indicate that his château was conceived in a noble tradition of French design while at the same time emphasizing its modernity in comparison to predecessors."
401:. "He came for the Le Brun paintings, especially those on the ceiling of the Chambre des Muses – he loved art," according to descendant Alexandre de Vogüé. The château was empty, some of the outbuildings had fallen into ruin and the gardens were completely overgrown. Restoration and refurbishment began under the direction of the architect
434:, the property is open most of the year, but closed for approximately two months in winter, 6 January to 22 March in 2019, for example. During the Christmas season, major decorations are installed: 150 trees, 10,000 items and 4,000 metres of garlands and lights, as well as a giant illuminated squirrel and angel, in 2018.
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In
Fouquet's time, interested parties could cross the canal in a boat, but walking around the canal provides a view of the woods that mark what is no longer the garden and shows the distortion of the grottos previously seen as sculptural. Once the canal and grottos have been passed, the large sloping
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The main château is constructed entirely on a moated platform, reached via two bridges, both aligned with the central axis and placed on the north and south sides. The moat is a picturesque holdover from medieval fortified residences, and is again a feature that Le Vau may have borrowed from
Maisons.
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desire to mold nature to fit its wishes, thus using nature to imitate nature. The centrepiece is a large reflecting pool flanked by grottos holding statues in their many niches. The grand sloping lawn is not visible until one begins to explore the garden, when the viewer is made aware of the optical
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To secure the necessary grounds for the elaborate plans for Vaux-le-Vicomte's garden and castle, Fouquet purchased and demolished three villages. The displaced villagers were then employed in the upkeep and maintenance of the gardens. It was said to have employed 18 thousand workers and cost as much
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The château rises on an elevated platform in the middle of the woods and marks the border between unequal spaces, each treated in a different way. This effect is more distinctive today, as the woodlands are more mature, than it was in the seventeenth century when the site had been farmland, and the
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Vaux-le-Vicomte was originally planned to be constructed in brick and stone, but after the mid-century, as the middle classes began to imitate this style, aristocratic circles began using stone exclusively. Rather late in the design process, Fouquet and Le Vau switched to stone, a decision that may
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and projects on both sides, but at Vaux, because of the double row of rooms, it is preceded by the vestibule on the entrance side, "thus delaying and dramatizing the visitor's discovery of this, the centrepiece of the house." The lateral pavilions of the garden facade project only slightly but are
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The château is situated near the northern end of a 1.5-km long north–south axis with the entrance front facing north. Its elevations are perfectly symmetrical to either side of this axis. Somewhat surprisingly the interior plan is also nearly completely symmetrical with few differences between the
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Since 1967, the owner has been
Patrice de Vogüé, Alfred Sommier's great-grandson, who received it as a wedding present, with his wife Cristina, the Count and Countess de Vogüé. By that time, the estate contained only a few pieces that had originally been owned by Fouquet. For some time, the family
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and the eye perceives the elements to be closer than they actually are. That point, for Vaux-le-Vicomte, is at the top of the stairs at the rear of the château. Standing atop the grand staircase, one begins to experience the garden with a magnificent perspectival view. The anamorphosis abscondita
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Le Nôtre created a magnificent scene to be viewed from the house, using the laws of perspective. Le Nôtre used the natural terrain to his advantage. He placed the canal at the lowest part of the complex, thus hiding it from the main perspectival point of view. Past the canal, the garden ascends a
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clearly dominates the southern elevation. The salon is covered by a huge slate dome surmounted with an imposing lantern and is fronted with a two-storey portico that is almost identical to one at the Hôtel
Tambonneau. The use of a central oval salon is an innovation adopted by Le Vau from Italy.
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of older aristocratic houses in which the entrance court was enclosed by anterior wings, typically housing kitchens and domestic quarters. Le Vau's terraces even terminate in larger squares suggesting former pavilions. In more modern residences, like Vaux, it had become the custom to put these
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From the top of the grand staircase, this gives the impression that the entire garden is revealed in one single glance. Initially, the view consists of symmetrical rows of shrubbery, avenues, fountains, statues, flowers and other pieces developed to imitate nature: the elements exemplify the
340:. The king seized, confiscated or purchased 120 tapestries, the statues and all the orange trees from Vaux-le-Vicomte. He then sent the team of artists (Le Vau, Le Nôtre and Le Brun) to design what would be a much larger project than Vaux-le-Vicomte, the palace and gardens of
315:'s play 'Les Fâcheux' debuted. The celebration had been too impressive and the superintendent's home too luxurious. Fouquet's intentions were to flatter the king: part of Vaux-le-Vicomte was actually constructed specifically for the king, but Fouquet's plan backfired.
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to the north of the house remained in brick and stone, and other structures preceding them were in rubble-stone and plaster, a social ranking of building materials that would be common in France for a considerable length of time thereafter.
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Le Nôtre's garden was the dominant structure of the great complex, stretching nearly a mile and a half (3 km), with a balanced composition of water basins and canals contained in stone curbs, fountains, gravel walks, and patterned
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In 1968, the property was opened for public tours. A major restoration was completed starting in 1976 and it was continuing in 2017; the roof repair alone took six years. The
Baroque ceiling in the Chambre des Muses, "decorated by
871:, minarets and a huge reception hall done up in pink were also put up. A lotus was designed in the pond and petals of all colour and shape scattered over it. Craftsmen were jetted in from India and florists from the Netherlands".
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in 1656, he commissioned Le Vau, Le Brun and Le Nôtre to renovate his estate and garden to match his grand ambition. Fouquet's artistic and cultivated personality subsequently brought out the best in the three.
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was to sum up the famous fête: "On 17 August, at six in the evening
Fouquet was the King of France: at two in the morning he was nobody." La Fontaine wrote describing the fête and shortly afterwards penned his
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directly over the central pilaster. Ayers does concede however that, "although rather ungainly, the entrance facade at Vaux is nonetheless picturesque, in spite, or perhaps because, of its idiosyncrasies."
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The château buildings and grounds have been used in at least 13 productions, a full 70, in fact, according to the owners. For example, the property was used as the
California home of the main villain
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led the king to believe that his minister's magnificence was funded by the misappropriation of public funds. Colbert, who then replaced
Fouquet as superintendent of finances, arrested him. Later,
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Madame Fouquet recovered her property 10 years later and retired there with her eldest son. In 1705, after the death of her husband and son, she decided to put Vaux-le-Vicomte up for sale.
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large open lawn and ends with the Hercules column added in the 19th century. Shrubberies provided a picture frame to the garden that also served as a stage for royal fêtes.
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510:, but Vaux was the first château to incorporate this change. Even more unusual, the main rooms are all on the ground floor rather than the first floor (the traditional
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The château was lavish, refined and dazzling to behold, but those characteristics proved tragic for its owner: the king had Fouquet arrested shortly after a famous
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The site was naturally well-watered, with two small rivers that met in the park; the canalized bed of one forms the Grand Canal, which leads to a square basin.
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379:, whose descendants maintained the property for over a century. It is sometimes mistakenly reported that the château was the scene of a murder in 1847, when
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were among the artists close to Fouquet. At the inauguration of Vaux-le-Vicomte, a Molière play was performed, along with a dinner event organized by
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The garden front of the main château is considered more successful. The enormous, double-height Grand Salon that substantially protrudes from the
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occupied the first floor, and then the refurbished stables, of this largest private château in France with its 1,235 acres of gardens.
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three bays wide with traditional tall slate roofs like those on the entrance front, effectively balancing the central domed salon.
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Although he himself had never been there, he undoubtedly knew from drawings and engravings of examples in buildings, such as the
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The entrance front of the main château is characteristically French, with the two lateral pavilions flanking a central
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The moat at Vaux may also have been inspired by the previous château on the site, which Le Vau's work replaced.
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The second most expensive wedding was held at the palace in 2004. Vanisha Mittal, daughter of British-Indian
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worked together on a large-scale project for the first time. Their collaboration marked the beginning of the
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409:. When Sommier died in 1908, the château and the gardens had recovered their original appearance. His son,
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became the new owner without first seeing the château. In 1764, the Marshal's son sold the estate to the
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After Fouquet was arrested and imprisoned for life and his wife exiled, Vaux-le-Vicomte was placed under
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was paid $ 330,000 to sing at the wedding and the ceremony was followed by fireworks launched from the
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Approximately 300,000 visitors arrive each year, 75% of them from France. Recognized by the state as a
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The château and its patron became for a short time a focus for fine feasts, literature and arts. The
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killed his wife in her bedroom. He did so at their Paris residence, rather than at Vaux-le-Vicomte.
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The Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte', Architectural Record, Asian Institute of Architects, p. 413-433
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Another surprising feature of the plan is the thickness of the main body of the building (
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that remains more coherent than the vast display Le Nôtre was to create at Versailles.
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to an ample forecourt, flanked by raised terraces on either side, a layout evoking the
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1228:"A festive outing to a fairytale French château: a day at Vaux-le-Vicomte"
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Mirrors of Infinity:The French Formal Garden and 17th-Century Metaphysics
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design. The garden's pronounced visual axis is an example of this style.
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1379:"Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Vaux-le-Vicomte, Seine-et-Marne, France"
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733:, this optical effect is a result of the use of the tenth theorem of
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1580:, Architectural Record, American Institute of Architects, p. 413-433
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of French châteaux consisted of a single row of rooms. Double-thick
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1134:"My Home is My Castle: Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Outside Paris"
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1404:"Vaux-le-Vicomte takes you behind the scenes of film shootings"
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have been influenced by the use of stone at François Mansart's
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In 1875, after thirty years of neglect, the estate was sold to
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Perspective view from the garden showing the moat and bridge
777:. In addition, the château appeared in several episodes of
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The bridge over the moat on the north side leads from the
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View of the forecourt platform and the moat surrounding it
1367:, Princeton Architectural Press: New York, 1995, p. 33-51
771:. It can also be seen in the background in the 1998 film
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in Rome, and had already used one to great effect at his
246:, the estate of Vaux-le-Vicomte was purchased in 1641 by
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The vicomte de Bragelonne; or, Ten years later, Volume 2
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Victoria’s Secret Holiday 2016: A Very Private Affair.
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Once a small château between the royal residences of
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1571:Official website of the château of Vaux-le-Vicomte
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1455:"Chapter LXXVIII. The Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte"
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874:The Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte is the setting of
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1156:"LE JOLI BUSINESS DU CHÂTEAU DE VAUX-LE-VICOMTE"
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1085:"Before Versailles, There Was Vaux-le-Vicomte"
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978:"Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte – Vaux le Vicomte"
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1334:, Scribner's Magazine, v.38 (1905), pp. 43–55
1006:"Vaux le Vicomte's and Baroque garden design"
711:Le Nôtre employed an optical illusion called
1989:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
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216:combining architecture, interior design and
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801:had a fashion shoot at the château for its
749:Use in film, television and popular culture
532:. The service buildings flanking the large
2069:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
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1552:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1537:. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges.
831:The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later
155:, 55 kilometres (34 mi) southeast of
29:
1506:"WATCH VICTORIA'S SECRET HOLIDAY 2016 AD"
472:Plan of the ground floor, as engraved by
311:that took place on 17 August 1661, where
250:, an ambitious 26-year-old member of the
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1273:Hanser 2006, p. 274; Ayers 2004, p. 371.
1178:"THE RENAISSANCE OF THE SALON DES MUSES"
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3365:Historic house museums in Île-de-France
3070:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
3340:Châteaux with formal gardens in France
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1043:Molière, a Playwright and His Audience
824:The château is one of the settings of
405:, assisted by the landscape architect
359:Rhythmic massing of the entrance front
1979:Musée national des Monuments Français
1899:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
1631:
1585:The formal gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
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1276:
699:Anamorphosis abscondita in the garden
257:When Fouquet became King Louis XIV's
134:
3309:List of tourist attractions in Paris
1984:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
1657:
932:List of tourist attractions in Paris
927:History of early modern period domes
193:, the Superintendent of Finances of
1874:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
1347:The Architecture of the Renaissance
1210:, Neva Editions, 2020, p. 285-289.
1202: : Patrice de Vogüé » in
654:. At Le Raincy the salon spans the
523:Service building in brick and stone
13:
1589:High-resolution 360° Panoramas of
292:
14:
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3065:Mémorial de la France combattante
2780:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
1879:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
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289:and an impressive firework show.
2984:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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173:Built between 1658 and 1661 for
16:Baroque French château in Maincy
1969:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
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2488:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
1578:The Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte
1099:
1049:
1034:
1019:
949:
671:17th-century engraving of the
373:Claude Louis Hector de Villars
1:
3380:1661 establishments in France
3112:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
3082:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
2024:Palais de la Légion d'Honneur
1974:Musée national Gustave Moreau
937:
506:in Paris, including Le Vau's
403:Gabriel-Hippolyte Destailleur
3140:Bastille Day military parade
2638:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
2104:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
2029:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
1964:Musée National d'Art Moderne
1904:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
1680:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
1253:"THREE CENTURIES OF HISTORY"
1028:Through the French Provinces
787:television series about the
7:
3350:Baroque buildings in France
2159:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
1591:Vaux-le-Vicomte | Art Atlas
915:
861:. According to a report in
437:
381:Charles de Choiseul-Praslin
10:
3401:
3370:Carriage museums in France
3345:Châteaux in Seine-et-Marne
2856:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
2179:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
2054:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
2036:Musée de la Vie romantique
922:List of Baroque residences
798:Australia's Next Top Model
789:American Revolutionary War
662:
606:View of the entrance front
326:Elégie aux nymphes de Vaux
259:Superintendent of Finances
223:
208:and the painter-decorator
136:[ʃatodəvoləvikɔ̃t]
128:Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte
24:Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte
3375:Museums in Seine-et-Marne
3355:Gardens in Seine-et-Marne
3301:
3188:
3130:
2944:
2899:
2871:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
2818:
2721:
2366:Boulevard de la Madeleine
2339:
2227:
2154:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
2044:
1894:Musée des Arts et Métiers
1889:Musée des Arts décoratifs
1838:
1665:
1548:Hanser, David A. (2006).
1535:The Architecture of Paris
1453:Dumas, Alexandre (1858).
807:Little Carmine Lupertazzi
500:had already been used in
114:
109:
101:
93:
83:
73:
63:
53:
48:
44:
28:
23:
3360:Houses completed in 1661
3087:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
3048:Walt Disney Studios Park
2969:Château de Fontainebleau
2881:Stade Sébastien Charléty
2836:Halle Georges Carpentier
2810:Coulée verte René-Dumont
2785:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
2628:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
2169:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
2114:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
1919:Musée de la Cinémathèque
1884:Louis Vuitton Foundation
1332:Le Notre and his Gardens
1293:Ayers 2004, pp. 368–373.
1041:William Driver Howarth,
774:The Man in the Iron Mask
620:View of the garden front
367:View of the garden front
2954:Basilica of Saint-Denis
2765:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
2371:Boulevard de Sébastopol
1204:Hallier, L'Homme debout
713:anamorphosis abscondita
110:Design and construction
3031:Paris La Défense Arena
2979:Château de Rambouillet
2922:Père Lachaise Cemetery
2886:Vélodrome de Vincennes
2736:Jardin d'Acclimatation
2703:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
2483:Place de la République
2174:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
2149:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
1944:Musée Jacquemart-André
1859:Bibliothèque nationale
1550:Architecture of France
1533:Ayers, Andrew (2004).
845:, held her wedding to
803:7th Cycle (Episode 02)
791:that was broadcast by
708:
680:plantations were new.
676:
524:
368:
360:
304:
235:
3293:World Heritage Centre
3283:Paris Zoological Park
2998:Gardens of Versailles
2912:Montparnasse Cemetery
2790:Parc Georges-Brassens
2593:Rue de la Ferronnerie
2194:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
2144:Saint-François-Xavier
2134:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
2109:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
2089:Synagogue de Nazareth
1954:Musée Marmottan Monet
1939:Maison de Victor Hugo
1796:Philharmonie de Paris
1255:. chateaux-france.com
1107:"THE NEXT GENERATION"
1026:Ernest C. Peixottop,
706:
670:
522:
366:
358:
317:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
300:
231:
132:French pronunciation:
3266:Montmartre Funicular
3246:Moulin de la Galette
3016:Château de Vincennes
2974:Château de Malmaison
2964:Château de Chantilly
2891:Vincennes Hippodrome
2841:Longchamp Hippodrome
2755:Jardin du Luxembourg
2493:Place des États-Unis
2473:Place de la Concorde
2468:Place de la Bastille
2014:Musée du Quai Branly
1994:Musée de l'Orangerie
1208:Jean-Pierre Thiollet
851:Palace of Versailles
809:in season 4 of HBOs
94:Construction started
3097:Parc de Saint-Cloud
2907:Montmartre Cemetery
2876:Stade Roland Garros
2713:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
2603:Rue de la Sourdière
2503:Place des Victoires
2498:Place des Pyramides
2228:Hôtels particuliers
2099:Notre-Dame de Paris
2074:Chapelle expiatoire
2046:Religious buildings
1959:Musée de Montmartre
1614:48.564851°N 2.714°E
1610: /
1320:Ayers 2004, p. 370.
1311:Hanser 2006, p. 274
1302:Ayers 2004, p. 369.
839:steel industrialist
731:Mirrors of Infinity
707:View of the gardens
503:hôtels particuliers
431:monument historique
281:and the playwright
279:Jean de La Fontaine
203:landscape architect
64:Architectural style
49:General information
3226:Fountains in Paris
3211:Café des 2 Moulins
3165:Paris Fashion Week
3150:Fête de la Musique
3132:Culture and events
3060:Fort Mont-Valérien
2928:Oscar Wilde's tomb
2831:Auteuil Hippodrome
2770:Parc de Belleville
2760:Parc André-Citroën
2608:Rue de Montmorency
2548:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
2538:Pont Alexandre III
2528:Place Saint-Michel
2513:Place du Carrousel
2478:Place de la Nation
2401:Galerie Véro-Dodat
2381:Canal Saint-Martin
2164:Tour Saint-Jacques
2059:American Cathedral
1820:Porte Saint-Martin
1749:Institut de France
1461:. pp. 361–364
1429:"Moonraker (1979)"
1345:Leonard Benevolo,
878:first short film,
717:forced perspective
709:
677:
530:Château de Maisons
525:
369:
361:
305:
252:Parlement of Paris
236:
3327:
3326:
3288:Pyramide inversée
2989:Château de Sceaux
2946:Région parisienne
2743:Bois de Vincennes
2723:Parks and gardens
2518:Place du Châtelet
2351:Avenue de l'Opéra
2340:Bridges, streets,
2324:Palais de la Cité
2319:Palais de Justice
2302:Luxembourg Palace
2267:Hôtel de Pontalba
2262:Hôtel de la Païva
2242:Hôtel de Beauvais
1924:Musée Cognacq-Jay
1830:Tour Montparnasse
1815:Porte Saint-Denis
1735:Gare Saint-Lazare
1730:Gare Montparnasse
1710:Gare d'Austerlitz
1558:978-0-313-31902-0
1543:978-3-930698-96-7
1216:978-23-50552-17-0
1180:. Vaux-le-Vicomte
1109:. Vaux-le-Vicomte
1057:"Nicolas Fouquet"
906:Josephine Skriver
876:Victoria's Secret
675:as first laid out
652:Château du Raincy
648:Palazzo Barberini
124:
123:
3392:
3175:Republican Guard
3077:France Miniature
3038:Disneyland Paris
3008:, including the
2959:Château d'Écouen
2861:Stade Jean Bouin
2846:Parc des Princes
2805:Tuileries Garden
2731:Bois de Boulogne
2688:Rue Saint-Honoré
2633:Rue des Lombards
2623:Rue de Vaugirard
2613:Rue de Richelieu
2588:Rue d'Argenteuil
2508:Place des Vosges
2416:Galerie Vivienne
2396:Covered passages
2376:Canal de l'Ourcq
2307:Petit Luxembourg
2277:Hôtel de Soubise
2252:Hôtel de Crillon
2247:Hôtel de Charost
2214:Temple du Marais
1909:Maison de Balzac
1807:Flame of Liberty
1685:Arènes de Lutèce
1659:Tourism in Paris
1652:
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1629:
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1619:48.564851; 2.714
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1158:. Capital France
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508:Hôtel Tambonneau
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3236:Les Deux Magots
3206:Bateaux Mouches
3184:
3126:
3122:Vaux-le-Vicomte
3117:Stade de France
3043:Disneyland Park
2940:
2936:Picpus Cemetery
2895:
2851:Piscine Molitor
2814:
2800:Parc Montsouris
2717:
2698:Rue Sainte-Anne
2693:Rue Saint-Denis
2683:Rue des Rosiers
2678:Rue Pastourelle
2658:Rue Montorgueil
2583:Rue Charlemagne
2523:Place du Tertre
2361:Avenue George V
2343:
2341:
2335:
2257:Hôtel d'Estrées
2229:
2223:
2204:Sainte-Clotilde
2199:Sainte-Chapelle
2084:Grand Synagogue
2064:American Church
2040:
1949:Musée du Louvre
1914:Musée Bourdelle
1869:Centre Pompidou
1842:
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1675:Arc de Triomphe
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826:Alexandre Dumas
793:History Channel
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423:Charles Le Brun
390:
377:Duke of Praslin
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293:Fête and arrest
248:Nicolas Fouquet
234:
226:
214:Louis XIV style
210:Charles Le Brun
175:Nicolas Fouquet
131:
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5:
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3385:Fouquet family
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3319:Paris syndrome
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3278:Paris syndrome
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3160:Paris Air Show
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2563:Port du Louvre
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1136:. France Today
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780:The Revolution
761:) in the 1979
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388:Alfred Sommier
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351:Recent history
349:
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287:François Vatel
266:as 16 million
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161:Seine-et-Marne
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2237:Élysée Palace
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2009:Musée Picasso
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1485:indiatoday.in
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1349:, pp. 714–723
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855:Kylie Minogue
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827:
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783:, which is a
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365:
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348:
345:
343:
339:
338:sequestration
332:After Fouquet
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
299:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
263:
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244:Fontainebleau
241:
230:
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188:
184:
180:
177:, Marquis de
176:
171:
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168:Île-de-France
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
129:
120:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
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92:
89:
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82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:of the garden
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3314:Art in Paris
3273:Paris Musées
3251:Moulin Rouge
3216:Café Procope
3170:Paris-Plages
3155:Nuit Blanche
3121:
3092:Parc Astérix
3026:Grande Arche
2926:
2819:Sport venues
2795:Parc Monceau
2648:Rue Foyatier
2453:Montparnasse
2331:Palais-Royal
2219:Val-de-Grâce
2094:La Madeleine
2079:Grand Mosque
1934:Musée Guimet
1929:Musée Grévin
1805:
1755:Jeanne d'Arc
1753:
1744:Petit Palais
1740:Grand Palais
1725:Gare du Nord
1720:Gare de Lyon
1705:Eiffel Tower
1700:Conciergerie
1595:
1577:
1549:
1534:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1458:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1373:
1364:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1232:The Guardian
1231:
1222:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1184:10 September
1182:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1111:. Retrieved
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
985:. Retrieved
981:
957:
951:
902:Sara Sampaio
898:Romee Strijd
884:, featuring
879:
873:
862:
859:Eiffel Tower
841:billionaire
836:
829:
823:
816:
812:The Sopranos
810:
796:
778:
772:
766:
752:
743:
738:
730:
722:
712:
710:
693:
690:
682:
678:
655:
642:
640:
628:
626:
586:
582:
580:
576:
533:
526:
513:piano nobile
511:
501:
497:
493:
487:
485:
481:
443:Architecture
429:
427:
419:
415:
411:Edme Sommier
385:
370:
346:
335:
325:
306:
272:
264:
256:
237:
199:Louis Le Vau
172:
127:
125:
119:Louis Le Vau
115:Architect(s)
74:Town or city
36:
18:
3256:Paris Métro
3055:Exploradôme
2826:Accor Arena
2748:Parc floral
2653:Rue Molière
2643:Rue Elzévir
2568:Rive Gauche
2543:Pont d'Iéna
2458:Place Diana
2356:Avenue Foch
2230:and palaces
2019:Musée Rodin
1854:Army Museum
1801:Place Diana
1617: /
1515:14 February
1490:25 December
1465:25 December
1438:14 December
1413:25 December
1388:25 December
1259:25 December
1237:25 December
1200:In memoriam
1162:25 December
1140:25 December
1113:25 December
1091:25 December
1087:. Sotheby's
1066:14 December
1011:14 December
987:14 December
894:Taylor Hill
864:India Today
847:Amit Bhatia
785:documentary
757:(played by
630:avant-corps
391: [
147:located in
3334:Categories
3021:La Défense
2900:Cemeteries
2448:Montmartre
2184:Saint-Roch
2119:Sacré-Cœur
1864:Carnavalet
1602:48°33′53″N
938:References
869:fiberglass
818:Versailles
763:James Bond
583:avant-cour
534:avant-cour
474:Jean Marot
407:Elie Lainé
342:Versailles
164:department
37:rond d'eau
3261:entrances
2708:Trocadéro
2573:Rue Basse
2558:Pont Neuf
2443:Le Marais
2411:Panoramas
1695:Catacombs
1667:Landmarks
1605:2°42′50″E
890:Elsa Hosk
795:in 2006.
768:Moonraker
755:Hugo Drax
686:parterres
673:parterres
635:pediments
277:and poet
240:Vincennes
218:landscape
195:Louis XIV
179:Belle Île
102:Completed
3231:La Ruche
3180:Solidays
2426:Jouffroy
2406:Choiseul
1825:Sorbonne
1791:Panthéon
916:See also
828:' novel
438:Features
371:Marshal
321:Voltaire
275:fabulist
183:Viscount
3302:Related
3241:Maxim's
3102:Provins
2994:Château
1840:Museums
1528:Sources
1198:«
1045:, p. 43
1030:, p. 73
726:Baroque
663:Gardens
313:Molière
302:Colbert
283:Molière
233:Fouquet
224:History
159:in the
151:, near
145:château
143:French
141:Baroque
139:) is a
84:Country
68:Baroque
58:Château
1690:Bourse
1556:
1541:
1214:
739:Optics
735:Euclid
268:livres
201:, the
149:Maincy
88:France
78:Maincy
3189:Other
2431:Brady
2421:Havre
1776:Odéon
943:Notes
765:film
397:in a
395:]
187:Melun
157:Paris
153:Melun
3004:and
2996:and
1845:list
1742:and
1554:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1517:2020
1492:2018
1467:2015
1440:2015
1433:IMDb
1415:2015
1390:2018
1383:IMDb
1261:2018
1239:2018
1212:ISBN
1186:2016
1164:2018
1142:2018
1115:2018
1093:2018
1068:2015
1013:2015
989:2015
908:and
309:fête
242:and
191:Vaux
189:and
126:The
105:1661
97:1656
54:Type
1510:i4u
737:'s
185:of
166:of
3336::
1508:.
1483:.
1457:.
1431:.
1406:.
1381:.
1355:^
1278:^
1230:.
1206:,
1123:^
1076:^
1059:.
997:^
980:.
965:^
912:.
904:,
900:,
896:,
892:,
888:,
853:.
834:.
821:.
393:fr
344:.
328:.
270:.
181:,
170:.
3012:)
3000:(
1847:)
1843:(
1651:e
1644:t
1637:v
1560:.
1545:.
1519:.
1494:.
1469:.
1442:.
1417:.
1392:.
1263:.
1241:.
1188:.
1166:.
1144:.
1117:.
1095:.
1070:.
1015:.
991:.
130:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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