959:
1345:
a set amount of merchandise on board the ship free of taxes or fares, allowing them to make considerable profits through what was in effect legalized smuggling. Demand for a place aboard such ships was so high that legislation had to be introduced repeatedly to combat the practice of sailors paying kickbacks to their captains so that they would be selected. Payment was considerably higher for the war galleys—12 lire at the turn of the 16th century—but the crews suffered deductions for clothing, medicine and clerical services, etc. On the other hand, while the chances for smuggling were smaller (but still extant) on a warship, a crewman could also hope to receive a share in any booty. Many of the galleys were manned in Venice's overseas positions, however, where galley service was unpopular, and where either conscripts or hired substitutes were used.
31:
894:
567:) the size of the "guard fleet" or "Squadron of the Gulf" mobilized each year was much reduced: instead of the usual ten galleys, in 1385 only four were mobilized, and of these two in Crete rather than Venice, since the colonies were obliged to cover the maintenance of galleys out of their own pockets, rather than the state treasury. This set the pattern for the next decade; when the Senate mobilized ten galleys in 1395, of which only four in Venice, it was considered an extraordinary effort. This was also dictated by the Senate's reluctance to interrupt the peaceful relations with the Ottomans, and thereby also the extremely lucrative trade with the East; even when Venice pledged to support the
3481:
2541:
1020:, the Republic complemented its galley war fleet with chartered armed merchant vessels. As the domestic merchant fleet was insufficient, the Venetians also chartered foreign vessels, usually Dutch or English. From 1651 on, the Venetians began putting captured Ottoman ships into service. Chartered vessels were still widely used, but the use of the Ottoman ships alleviated some of their drawbacks: the high cost of renting them, and the uncertain availability of foreign ships. The high cost of renting foreign ships, which were not even purpose-built warships, demonstrated the need for a state-owned fleet, a project pressed forward particularly by admiral
583:, although the customary distrust of the two maritime republics still meant that they pursued their own agendas and eyed each other's military and diplomatic moves warily. Nevertheless, Venice's policy in this period was ambivalent: while it strengthened its overseas garrisons, it avoided an open rupture with the Sultan, and sought to negotiate with him, indeed allowing its local colonies to make their own deals with regional Turkish potentates. As Camillo Manfroni writes, "it was not real war, it was not even peace". This situation was brought to an end by the decisive Ottoman defeat in the
149:
1622:
1041:
1501:
387:
240:. It was an uncomfortable ship as, save for perhaps a tent for the officers, the entire crew had to live exposed to the elements, the hold being devoted to supplies and cargo. However, the size of the crew, speed and maneuverability in combat, and the fact that it could sail against the wind or be rowed in the absence of the wind, made it ideal both as a warship and as a transport of the most valuable of cargoes. Length was about 45 metres and the beam 5, provision was made for about 25 banks of rowers.
648:
659:
1121:
1160:
536:, from which the wider conflict takes its name, is notable in being the first recorded use of ship-mounted gunpowder weapons being used in combat. The Venetians, who were already using gunpowder siege weapons on land, mounted small bombards to many of their galleys during the battle to keep the Genoese force cordoned off in Chioggia.
1032:
worked on, at the same time. This existence of a permanent fleet was a new and distinct advantage over the
Ottomans, who did not have a standing sailing fleet, but built their ships as needed, or relied on their Barbary vassals. It was not until 1690 that the Ottomans began building a standing sailing squadron of their own.
715:, unrelated to the Northern European brigantine, was a small fast ship, sail- and oar-driven, it was lateen rigged on two masts and had between eight and twelve oars on each side. Like the galley it was used both as an escort and a transport, Venetian brigantines were about 20 metres long and 3 metres wide,
1344:
had been used to man fleets, but in the 15th century and on the
Republic relied on wages for crewing both its warships and its merchant vessels. Pay was not very high in the merchant galleys—some 8–9 lire per month for an oarsman at the turn of the 16th century—but each crewman had the right to carry
539:
The conflict was nearly equally disastrous for both sides, and Genoa was certainly crippled, losing the naval ascendency that the city-state had enjoyed prior to the war. Venice might have suffered equally as badly, but for the existence of the
Arsenal, which allowed Venice to make good its losses in
2135:
L'Archivio di Stato di
Venezia. Indice Generale, Storico, Descrittivo ed Analitico. Tomo II: Archivi dell'Amministrazione Provinciale della Repubblica Veneta, archivi delle rappresentanze diplomatiche e consolari, archivi dei governi succeduti alla Repubblica Veneta, archivi degli istituti religiosi
638:
with real military fleets. In inland waters, the
Venetians used galleons, a different type of vessel than the vessel of the same name used at sea. The galleons had a flat bottom, on average between 35 and 40 meters long, and were provided with fortified wooden structures along the sides. Their crew
469:
and consequently a reduction in hydrodynamic performance in exchange for enhanced cargo capacity. Essentially a compromise between military and commercial needs the merchant galley was particularly suitable for the trade in high value cargoes with the East. Length was about 50 metres and beam about
76:
for many centuries between the medieval and early modern periods, providing Venice with control and influence over trade and politics far in excess of the republic's size and population. It was one of the first navies to mount gunpowder weapons aboard ships, and through an organised system of naval
1031:
type, driven by increased French presence in the
Mediterranean as well as the increase in attacks by the Barbary corsairs, who began operating in squadrons of six to eight vessels. An expansion of the Arsenal also created a large covered shipyard where up to thirteen vessels could be conserved, or
353:
Towards the end of this period Venice had accumulated a large and powerful fleet. Although still nominally a vassal of the
Byzantine Empire, Venice was increasingly independent and a rival of the Byzantines for primacy in the Eastern Mediterranean. Rather than depending on the Byzantines for their
180:
and it utilised
Byzantine naval and military techniques. At this time there was little difference between the merchant and naval fleets; all ships had to be able to defend themselves if the need arose. In the event of hostilities ships and crews were taken up from trade to reinforce the war fleet,
1012:
During the 1600s galleys remained an important protagonists in
Mediterranean warfare, but they were no longer the decisive weapons they had once been; since the 1500s galleons and other "round ships" (i.e. triple masted sailing ships with a deep draught) had become the most important component of
677:
Faced with a constant threat to its maritime possessions, Venice had little choice but to maintain a standing fleet of dozens of galleys on a war footing in peacetime, bolstered in times of actual war by over a hundred galleys held in reserve. To oversee the efficient supply and administration of
571:
in 1396, this was done half-heartedly, particularly since the crusade was led by the
Republic's arch-rival over control of Dalmatia, the King of Hungary. The Turks were well aware of these factors, and sought to placate the Venetians whenever possible so as to dissuade them from allying with the
509:, which saw the loss of 83 galleys out of a fleet of 95, 7,000 men killed and another 7,000 captured. However, Venice was able to immediately equip a second fleet of 100 galleys and was able to obtain reasonable peace conditions that did not significantly hamper its power and prosperity.
949:), first appearing in the early 16th century and intended to fight piracy, Multi-decked and carrying a broadside of guns on a gun deck the galleon was adopted by other European powers and readopted by Venice. Initially at least it was hybridised by the provision to allow rowing.
1113:—whose raids against Christian shipping continued unabated. The Republic concluded a series of peace agreements with these states in 1763–1765, but these were not honoured for long. This set the stage for the last actions of the Venetian navy, bound up with the name of
100:
of Pisa and Genoa for primacy over trade with the Levant, the Venetian navy was at times technically innovative and yet operationally conservative. With the final fall of Constantinople it played a key role in checking the maritime advance of the
639:
consisted of about fifty sailors, a few dozen crossbowmen and infantrymen and each ship was equipped with at least one bombard. Alongside the galleons, the Venetians also used galleys, which however proved to be unsuitable for river navigation.
416:, under the direct control of the Republic, were concentrated all that was needed to construct and maintain the Venetian fleet. With this move, control of the galleys also passed into public ownership, private citizens being limited to
878:, also known as the "War of Candia", which saw a Venetian expeditionary fleet outside the gates of Istanbul, the former Constantinople, but ended with the loss of Venice's last and most important Eastern Mediterranean possession, the
482:; the government of the Republic began to take on the shape that it would keep for the following centuries, until its final demise. Additionally, the desire to maintain mastery of newly conquered seas and a growing conflict with the
432:
The 13th century opened with overseas conquest and an expansion of the Stato da MĂ r, giving the Venetian a chain of bases, outposts and colonies across the trade routes to the Levant. Partially at the instigation of Venice, the
3793:
135:
and beyond; Venice's commercial and military strength, and continued survival, was founded on the strength of its fleet. This allowed it for centuries to check the maritime advance of the numerically superior forces of the
3785:
3777:
867:. By the sixteenth century, Venice, though significant, was no longer the predominant naval power it had once been; the long conflict with the Ottoman's had cut the trade routes to the East, and with the
501:, the Gulf. With this naval force, Venice imposed its authority on the Adriatic, which it regarded as its own, patrolling, inspecting all ships passing, and attacking those it considered hostile. At the
3801:
3740:
800:, convicts sentenced to forced labour. Unfree rowers were always a rarity in Venice, it being one of few major naval powers that used almost exclusively free rowers, a result of their reliance on
3756:
3748:
3764:
3732:
3724:
1089:(1714–1718), Venice was left a minor power. In a sequence of wars lasting almost 75 years, the Republic lost most of its overseas empire and impoverished itself in the process. after the
2799:
35:
405:(for which Venice had provided transport of men and supplies), Venetian commercial interests in the Levant led to the first great revolution of the Venetian navy, the building of the
2804:
181:
being dispersed back to the pursuit of commerce on the ending of the emergency. Even so, there were two types of vessels one primarily military and one predominantly mercantile.
2764:
105:
for over three centuries. The navy's long decline mirrored that of the republic, beginning in the 16th century and ending with the capitulation of the city to Napoleon in 1797.
2982:
606:, a "round ship" designed to cope with the rough waters of the North Sea, the hulls of Venetian built cogs had a pronounced teardrop shape, with a narrow bow mounting a high
3175:
1489:
1271:
A number of junior and subordinate commanders could be added to these, and a number of temporary or specialized posts were created over the centuries as well, such as the
748:, had a fuller hull and was more strongly built, allowing it to accommodate a fourth, later a fifth, rower per bench, its increased size made it suitable for use as a
579:
of the Squadron of the Gulf to assist beleaguered Constantinople. The Venetian ships were instructed to co-operate with the Genoese fleets operating in the area under
1016:
Modern scholars have discerned three phases in the Venetians' adoption of sailing ships. Initially, from the 1617–1620 conflict with Naples to the early phase of the
220:, and were therefore less maneuverable and more vulnerable to enemy attack than oar-propelled vessels. However, in the event of war, they would be used as supply and
3560:
1220:
551:
Nevertheless, the severe financial strain of the War of Chioggia imposed drastic economies in the post-war, which also affected the navy. Thus, despite the mounting
3170:
1151:
of Austria, which got hold of ten ships of the line, seven frigates and corvettes, several dozens of gunboats and small ships, roughly one half of the 1797 fleet.
2754:
966:
1397:, as well as filling the positions of the sailing fleet. The selection of the other higher commands and of the galley fleet remained with the Great Council.
1295:("Captain on the watch of the islands of Quarnero and the Coasts of Istria"). In the 15th and 16th centuries, Venice also maintained riverine fleets in the
3590:
1412:
were established to supervise the provisioning and equipment of the fleet and its crews, while the enlistment of crews and officers was the charge of the
3969:
2435:
1066:, the international development of the navy obliged Venice to follow the other European States, competing with them to build new types of sailing ships:
497:
From 1268, virtually uniquely for the time, Venice maintained a standing fleet so as to maintain control of the Adriatic, which for Venetians was simply
445:
in 1204, Venice had become the pre-eminent maritime power in the Eastern Mediterranean. Venice also developed a new type of galley more suitable for the
3637:
2865:
2407:
Le armi di San Marco: Atti del Convegno di Venezia e Verona, 29–30 settembre 2011. La potenza militare veneziana dalla Serenissima al Risorgimento
3928:
3632:
2211:
Guilmartin, John Francis (2007). "The Earliest Shipboard Gunpowder Ordnance: An Analysis of Its Technical Parameters and Tactical Capabilities".
555:
threat in the Balkans, the continuing rivalry with Genoa, and the simultaneous expansion of Venetian holdings in the southern Balkans (including
1093:
in 1718, the Republic enjoyed peace with the Ottoman Empire, but remained in a state of quasi-war with the Ottomans' North African vassals, the
874:
The 17th century was marked by the loss and the gains of series of overseas possessions; Venice found itself fighting the twenty five year long
3954:
1332:. Like the higher command positions and the senior commissariat of the fleet, all of them were filled by members of the Venetian patriciate.
216:
and multiple decks. It was designed for a profitable transport of cargo. Propelled mainly by the wind, the round ship was limited to sailing
3687:
3470:
3094:
2897:
1268:("Captain Extraordinary of the Sailing Ships") was created during the last Ottoman–Venetian war, but this was a wartime appointment only.
1024:. His death in 1657 delayed things, but in 1666, the Senate finally ordered the construction of 64-gun ships of the line in the Arsenal.
614:
Alongside the naval squadrons that operated at sea, at least from the mid-13th century Venice began to deploy military fleets along the
3236:
2902:
2860:
2133:
1484:
958:
355:
114:
3711:
272:, similar to contemporary Byzantine ships of the same name, but often larger, they were twin decked and equipped with "castles" and
3448:
3332:
3320:
3298:
1086:
3679:
3129:
3033:
2428:
890:
was proposed with which to attack the Turkish fortifications; however, a peace treaty was signed before it could be constructed.
1242:
was the earliest of the three offices and remained the highest in the sailing squadrons, albeit always under the command of the
3830:
3703:
1046:
804:
rowing (one oar per man, with two to three sharing the same bench), which required skilled professional rowers. The use of the
30:
2844:
2480:
2201:
2180:
2122:
2101:
2038:
1606:
375:
1365:
was also created at this time. The use of convicts to row the galleys increased over time, except for the flagships and the
2819:
2596:
2399:
893:
69:
3182:
2834:
2466:
2421:
977:
by Venice was prompted by her experience with sailing ships chartered from the English and Dutch against the forces of
3580:
3028:
2933:
2461:
2388:
2349:
2059:
seminar, held by the Fondazione Querini Stampalia – Dipartimento di Studi Storici, Venice, 25 May 2001) (in Italian).
1796:
1264:
871:
and the opening of the Atlantic trade routes, the focus of European maritime trade had moved from the Mediterranean.
3399:
3384:
3379:
3374:
1340:
For much of the navy's history, Venice employed free men as crewmen in its fleets. In the 13th and 14th centuries,
682:"commissioner of naval forces" responsible for the construction and maintenance of ships and cannon, provision of
3964:
3959:
3426:
3192:
3065:
2530:
2277:
1473:
1136:
1055:
524:, a radical change in the nature of going out to sea. This century saw the culmination of the long smouldering
442:
3695:
2809:
2495:
17:
1662:
1646:
3540:
3241:
3165:
3018:
2892:
2814:
1175:
981:
and the Ottomans. Its adoption led to a division of the Venetian navy into two, one a sailing branch, the
3441:
3409:
3122:
3087:
2769:
812:
of the fleet, instead such ships were formed into a separate flotilla under the command of the so-called
3565:
3555:
3535:
3480:
3354:
3283:
2928:
2887:
2824:
2720:
2540:
2094:
I Vascelli della Serenissima: Guerra, politica e costruzioni navali a Venezia in etĂ moderna, 1650-1720
1361:
1218:("Governor of the condemned ones"). The galeasses were sometimes placed under their own commander, the
1214:
1017:
875:
814:
678:
such a force required an extensive organisational effort, leading to the creation of the office of the
127:. From the very beginning, it focused on establishing and maintaining maritime trade routes across the
2360:
1254:
were appointed to command the divisions of the sailing fleet, but eventually the more junior ranks of
1081:, a large multi-deck ship armed with dozens of cannons and designed to form the backbone of the fleet.
825:
in 1571 was a Venetian invention that was soon adopted by other fleets in the Mediterranean. Venetian
575:
In the immediate aftermath of the crushing Ottoman victory at Nicopolis, the Venetians instructed the
3512:
3421:
3160:
3048:
2794:
2705:
2525:
2490:
1408:
1131:
The end of the Venetian navy coincided with the end of the entire state in 1797, with the arrival of
671:
525:
363:
2839:
3835:
3642:
3404:
1202:
900:
711:
2300:
2296:
3880:
3458:
3431:
3288:
3261:
3251:
3038:
3013:
2710:
1386:
1185:
512:
The 14th century saw a great change in construction techniques, with the replacement of the twin
479:
478:
form of government saw the Doge gradually lose the ability to appoint military commanders to the
1406:, but gradually a more complex and professional administration was built up. In 1545, the three
598:, it then spread to the rest of Europe, and was adopted by Venice for its trade with the North.
3949:
3369:
3344:
3308:
3278:
3115:
2335:
2287:
Manfroni, Camillo (1902a). "La battaglia di Gallipoli e la politica veneto-turca (1381–1420)".
2049:
737:, a small narrow galley, 35 metres long and 7 metres wide, with provision for 20 banks of oars.
667:
2749:
2026:
1672:
1656:
851:
was a very large galley, carrying a substantial complement of naval artillery on a continuous
358:, and was able to use it to leverage concessions from both the Byzantines and their rivals in
236:(thin galley), an agile narrow-beamed ship with a single deck, propelled as needed by oars or
3453:
3436:
3394:
3359:
3202:
3043:
2829:
2789:
1140:
417:
128:
86:
2151:
2114:
Vox Navalis: Articoli di storia navale dell'antica Roma pubblicati sulla rivista Voce Romana
3517:
3389:
3207:
3023:
2779:
2611:
2571:
1414:
1159:
1102:
568:
359:
213:
153:
1400:
Up to the mid-16th century, naval matters were supervised by the five-member board of the
1369:. Finally, as the number of galleys in the Venetian fleet diminished in favour of sailing
201:. When not in use as warships, galleys were used to transport low bulk high value cargoes.
119:
Giving shelter to refugees fleeing Hunnic invaders in the 6th century, Venice grew in the
8:
3585:
3550:
3315:
3053:
1481:, a Spanish trade route that bypassed the Ottoman and Arab controlled lands of the Levant
1226:
1090:
752:
in both trade and war fleets. It was so named because the vessel was a cross between the
631:
576:
228:
Towards the end of the 9th century there appeared the main instrument of Venetian power:
3364:
3271:
3256:
3197:
3144:
3070:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2654:
2444:
2339:
2228:
1208:
580:
533:
483:
367:
284:
97:
2310:
Storia della marina italiana dalla caduta di Constantinopoli alla battaglia di Lepanto
370:
the Byzantine Emperor granted the Venetians far-reaching commercial privileges in the
3895:
3850:
3595:
3502:
3463:
3337:
3325:
3303:
3293:
3246:
3229:
3217:
2737:
2715:
2668:
2606:
2586:
2564:
2384:
2345:
2273:
2232:
2197:
2176:
2143:
2118:
2097:
2080:
2034:
2013:
1792:
1602:
1423:
1382:
1370:
1148:
1125:
879:
856:
855:, located above the rowers, allowing for the first time the firing of a concentrated
822:
556:
502:
487:
198:
173:
148:
73:
65:
51:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3825:
3667:
3507:
3349:
3212:
2882:
2744:
2698:
2591:
2508:
2252:
2243:(1973). "Naval actions and fleet organization, 1499–1502". In Hale, John R. (ed.).
2240:
2220:
1455:
1402:
1144:
1110:
1078:
1051:
1040:
1021:
868:
728:, length was about 25 metres, beam 4 metres and with provision for 15 pairs of oars
595:
590:
The early 15th century saw the spread of a new ship type, developed for use in the
584:
545:
521:
491:
406:
177:
93:
82:
40:
2328:
Storia della marina italiana dal Trattato di Ninfeo alla caduta di Constantinopoli
1307:
in the 17th century. Crete and Cyprus also had their own fleet squadrons, under a
3870:
3855:
3266:
3107:
2943:
2727:
2601:
2581:
2378:
2191:
2170:
2112:
2007:
1390:
1106:
1098:
859:. Length was about 50 metres, beam 8 metres, with provision for 25 banks of oars.
809:
764:
The 16th century saw the gradual replacement of the traditional missile weapons (
529:
462:
386:
212:(a sail-driven merchant vessel), this was a stubby broad-beamed ship with a high
120:
2576:
1418:. The technical administration was exercised by the College of the Sea Militia (
1359:, when the first institutions to administer them are also attested. The post of
1192:
Following the division of the fleet in the mid-17th century into a rowed fleet (
532:(1378–1381), after which Genoese ships were not seen again in the Adriatic. The
347:
3860:
3840:
3224:
3187:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2732:
2643:
2513:
2485:
2003:
1478:
978:
627:
623:
552:
438:
434:
312:
221:
209:
165:
137:
102:
2017:
1598:
La guerra d'acqua dolce. Navi e conflitti medievali nell'Italia settentrionale
808:
was always quite limited in the Venetian navy and did not fit into the normal
690:, weapons and gunpowder, recruitment of crews and the management of finances.
362:, profiting from both. In return for Venetian aid against the Normans, in the
244:
In addition a number of other types of ships are mentioned in the Chronicles,
3943:
3900:
3890:
2987:
2938:
2872:
2673:
2474:
2319:
Storia della marina italiana dalle invasioni barbariche al trattato di Ninfeo
2147:
2084:
1200:), the former formed three distinct squadrons, each under the command of the
1094:
909:
765:
687:
541:
424:
217:
78:
2369:] (in Italian). Rome: Tipo lit. Ministero della Marina – Uff. Gabinetto.
2341:
The Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-Classical Times
724:, a small galley type ship powered by both oars and sail, also known as the
330:
With these ships, Venice fought alongside the Byzantines against the Arabs,
307:, the great war galley, twin or triple masted, a possible progenitor of the
2975:
2683:
2518:
2503:
2374:
2065:
1467:
1341:
1189:("Captain general of the Sea"), with very extensive powers, was appointed.
1180:
863:
The contemporaneous decline in commercial traffic led to the disappearance
797:
789:
517:
513:
506:
420:
237:
169:
168:. Before developing into the Empire's archnemesis, Venice was originally a
85:
was one of the greatest concentrations of industrial capacity prior to the
2224:
1393:. In the 18th century, the Senate appropriated the right of selecting the
1352:) and Muslim captives began to be employed as rowers in the Venetian navy
81:
was able to continually keep ships at sea and rapidly replace losses. The
3919:
3570:
1316:
1262:
during the Cretan War. For the same reason, an even higher post, that of
647:
381:
371:
1381:
Traditionally, all senior naval offices were occupied by members of the
1027:
Construction accelerated in the 1670s, including smaller vessels of the
666:
A new chapter for Venice and the Venetian navy opened in 1453, with the
3905:
3845:
3416:
2172:
Aken, tjalken en kraken: zeilschepen van de Lage Landen: de binnenvaart
1373:, after 1721 all Venetian galleys were exclusively manned by convicts.
1304:
1296:
1293:
Capitano alla guardia delle isole del Quarnero e delle Rive dell’Istria
1114:
635:
615:
607:
603:
564:
394:
339:
273:
161:
2367:
History of the Venetian navy: from Lepanto to the fall of the Republic
2362:
Storia della marina veneziana: da Lepanto alla caduta della Repubblica
2066:"Lo sviluppo dell'Armata grossa nell'emergenza della guerra marittima"
2050:"L'evoluzione della flotta veneziana durante la prima guerra di Morea"
338:, winning by the year 1000 dominance of the Adriatic, subjugating the
68:
which played an important role in the history of the republic and the
3657:
3060:
2648:
2413:
1596:
887:
702:
591:
318:
308:
2409:(in Italian). Società Italiana di Storia Militare. pp. 123–154.
1196:), comprising galleys and galeasses, and sailing ships of the line (
474:
At this time, the decline of ducal power and an entrenchment of the
3652:
2096:(in Italian). Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.
1132:
1124:
Former Venetian ships of the line in Austrian service, painting by
923:
The Venetian navy continued to introduce and adopt new ship types.
917:
852:
839:
773:
769:
749:
683:
475:
413:
402:
343:
124:
2380:
Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
1860:
697:
technology, the previous Greek fire projectors were replaced with
658:
2255:(1982). "Wages and Recruitment of Venetian Galeotti, 1470–1580".
1366:
1071:
1063:
1028:
941:
930:(barstardling galley), a galley intermediate in size between the
826:
694:
560:
335:
194:
1470:, the Venetian navy's long time rival that had a similar history
1173:
The high command of the fleet in peacetime was entrusted to the
1062:
During the 18th century, in addition to the introduction of the
945:, the galleon was a Venetian development of a sailing ship (the
3627:
3617:
2662:
2559:
1634:
792:
serving in time of war, was supplemented by the first Venetian
720:
698:
401:
In the 12th century, following the Chrysobull of 1082, and the
331:
268:
190:
132:
1940:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1707:
1705:
256:), a masted galley, with a raised archery platform or "castle"
160:
The origins of the Venetian navy lay in the traditions of the
3647:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1789:
Habsburg Empire and the Sea: Austrian Naval Policy, 1797–1866
1300:
1224:. The commanders of the ships of the line squadrons were the
883:
733:
662:
The Venetian fleet at the Siege of Sopot - 27th of June, 1570
622:(small flat-bottomed boats), but during the wars against the
548:
that could be rearmed and brought rapidly back into service.
1981:
796:"forced galleys" in which the crews were composed solely of
505:
in 1298, Venice suffered a major defeat at the hands of the
494:
led to Venice keeping a larger fleet under arms for longer.
89:
and responsible for the bulk of the republic's naval power.
1913:
1831:
1768:
1741:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1288:
61:
1964:
1952:
1758:
1756:
1120:
674:, a centuries long confrontation with the Ottoman Empire.
1576:
1564:
1552:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1540:
1518:
1516:
1490:
Venetian bombardments of the Beylik of Tunis (1784–1788)
618:. Initially they consisted of a few units, six or seven
1889:
1753:
1729:
1717:
197:, which for a millienium was the principle ship of the
1879:
1877:
1875:
1179:("Superintendent general of the Sea"), who resided at
705:. This era saw the development of further ship types.
634:
in 1509, the Serenissima operated along the Po and on
382:
Twelfth century to first half of the fifteenth century
2027:"Venice's Maritime Empire in the Early Modern Period"
1806:
1513:
287:, a term mostly associated with Muslim heavy warships
36:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
354:
survival, the Venetians held, with their fleet, the
1901:
1872:
788:, debtors and convicts serving out their debt, and
3137:
1528:
1389:, and only in particularly important cases by the
1279:("Captain of the light galleys in the Gulf"), the
1246:. As the size of the sailing fleet grew, a second
457:(great merchant galley), also known simply as the
1791:. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
1786:
346:, the first domain in what would become Venice's
276:projectors, making them useful in maritime sieges
143:
108:
3941:
2400:"Angelo Emo e la riforma della marina veneziana"
2334:
2142:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca d'arte editrice.
2031:A Companion to Venetian History, 1400–1797
1640:
1442:, "regarding the biscuits"), and the artillery (
540:next to no time. By this time the Arsenal had a
2330:(in Italian). Livorno: Regia Accademia navale.
2321:(in Italian). Livorno: Regia Accademia navale.
2247:. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 146–173.
2168:
1628:
3123:
2429:
2358:
2057:Venezia e il Mediterraneo. La guerra di Morea
1987:
1975:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1154:
1004:
982:
916:(College for Young Nobles), on the island of
898:
953:
27:Naval militants of the Venetian armed forces
2193:Archaeology and the Social History of Ships
1446:), as well as the paymasters of the fleet (
988:
295:
3970:Military history of the Republic of Venice
3130:
3116:
2436:
2422:
2210:
1522:
1485:List of sailing ships of the Venetian navy
1283:of bastard galleys and heavy galleys, the
465:"); with a greater beam than the previous
115:List of sailing ships of the Venetian navy
2787: Administrative magistracies
2383:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2286:
2012:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
908:In 1619 the Venetian Senate instituted a
528:which came to an end of sorts during the
2397:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2131:
2091:
2063:
2047:
2002:
1825:
1774:
1762:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1696:
1684:
1594:
1158:
1143:seized the best ships and plundered the
1119:
1039:
957:
892:
776:. At this time the traditional Venetian
657:
646:
470:7, provision was for 25 banks of rowers.
385:
147:
29:
1314:Individual galleys were commanded by a
780:"free galleys", with crews composed of
744:"bastard galley", a development of the
14:
3942:
2443:
1787:Lawrence Sondhaus (1 September 1989).
1230:("Captain of the Sailing Ships"), the
423:aboard the vessels that undertook the
92:Driven at first by a rivalry with the
3955:Military history of the Mediterranean
3111:
2417:
2373:
2267:
2189:
2110:
2024:
1668:
1652:
1534:
1507:
1206:("Superintendent of the fleet"), the
1163:Portrait of a Venetian navy officer,
572:other Christian powers against them.
391:The Capture of Constantinople in 1204
2251:
2239:
2169:Haalmeijer, Hans; Vuik, Dik (2006).
1907:
1895:
1883:
1601:. Bologna: Clueb. pp. 102–103.
1147:before handing the city over to the
1013:Northern European and other fleets.
670:and the beginning in earnest of the
208:(round ship) derived from the Roman
2762: Judicial magistracies
2270:The Renaissance and the Reformation
969:, showing a Venetian 30-gun frigate
654:, unknown artist, late 16th century
294:, a cavalry transport (from Greek:
24:
2835:Riformatori dello studio di Padova
2009:Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853
1273:Capitano della Riviera della Marca
25:
3981:
3581:Capitano Straordinario delle Navi
2800:Provveditori sopra beni communali
2777: Fiscal magistracies
2344:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
2338:; Gardiner, Robert, eds. (1995).
1376:
1324:, and the ships of the line by a
1265:Capitano Straordinario delle Navi
1212:("Captain of the Gulf"), and the
821:Making a victorious debut at the
784:or free men serving for pay, and
520:and with the introduction of the
72:. It was the premier navy in the
3479:
2539:
2312:(in Italian). Rome: Forzani e C.
973:The large scale adoption of the
2805:Provveditori sopra beni inculti
2213:The Journal of Military History
1780:
1054:in May 1797, just prior to the
843:was a warship derived from the
2641: Principal organs
2196:. Cambridge University Press.
1588:
1474:Hemp in the Republic of Venice
1420:Colleggio della Milizia da Mar
1137:Fall of the Republic of Venice
1074:, small warship for patrolling
1056:fall of the Republic of Venice
920:to provide a naval education.
829:fought in Lepanto, created as
680:Magistrato alla milizia da mar
544:of at least 50 decommissioned
144:Origins, 8th to 11th centuries
109:Evolution of the Venetian navy
13:
1:
3795:San Giovanni Battista piccolo
2810:Esecutori contro la bestemmia
2496:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
2359:Nani Mocenigo, Mario (1935).
1495:
1353:
1277:Capitano delle fuste in Golfo
1164:
1003:), and the rowing fleet, the
818:"Governor of the condemned".
189:(thin ship), a narrow-beamed
3541:Provveditore Generale da Mar
3449:Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War
3237:1296–1302 War with Byzantium
2983:Venetian commercial shipping
2893:Provveditore Generale da Mar
2398:Zampieri, Francesco (2011).
1641:Morrison & Gardiner 1995
1395:Provveditore generale da Mar
1176:Provveditore Generale da Mar
1087:Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War
1044:The 70-gun ship of the line
1035:
642:
263:, another type of war galley
152:Model of a Venetian galley,
7:
3333:Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War
3299:Second Ottoman–Venetian War
2500:Wars of expansion in Italy
2073:Storia di Venezia - Rivista
2033:. BRILL. pp. 125–253.
1461:
1422:), a body analogous to the
1385:, and were selected by the
914:Collegio dei Giovani Nobili
283:, mentioned in the time of
10:
3986:
3566:Governatore dei condannati
3321:Third Ottoman–Venetian War
2888:Captain General of the Sea
2825:Cinque savi alla mercanzia
2326:Manfroni, Camillo (1902).
2317:Manfroni, Camillo (1899).
2308:Manfroni, Camillo (1897).
2190:Gould, Richard A. (2011).
1996:
1629:Haalmeijer & Vuik 2006
1434:in charge of the Arsenal (
1362:governatore dei condannati
1215:Governatore dei condannati
1155:Rank and command structure
815:Governatore dei condannati
112:
3926:
3914:
3818:
3666:
3616:
3609:
3526:
3495:
3488:
3477:
3153:
3083:
3049:Accademia degli Incogniti
3009:
3002:
2924:
2917:
2853:
2706:Procurators of Saint Mark
2633:
2626:
2555:
2548:
2537:
2454:
2272:. Harper & Brothers.
2132:Da Mosto, Andrea (1940).
1085:Following the end of the
954:Adoption of sailing ships
701:positioned in the bow as
296:
77:dockyards, armouries and
2268:Lucas, Henry S. (1960).
2111:Carro, Domenico (2015).
2092:Candiani, Guido (2009).
2064:Candiani, Guido (2003).
2048:Candiani, Guido (2001).
2025:Arbel, Benjamin (2013).
1595:Romanoni, Fabio (2023).
1335:
1285:Capitano contro Uscocchi
1252:Vice Capitano delle Navi
886:). In September 1669, a
712:Mediterranean brigantine
455:galea grossa da merchado
311:(the state barge of the
3561:Capitano delle galeazze
3556:Provveditore all'Armata
3536:Capitano general da Mar
3471:Campaigns against Tunis
3183:1171 War with Byzantium
3014:Scuole Grandi of Venice
1387:Great Council of Venice
1244:Capitano general da Mar
1221:Capitano delle galeazze
1186:Capitano general da Mar
865:galea grossa mercantile
693:With the maturation of
393:, 1580 oil painting by
55:
3965:Naval history of Italy
3960:1796 disestablishments
3787:Sant'Antonio da Padova
3513:Provveditori all'Armar
2840:Magistrato alla SanitĂ
2795:Provveditori all'Armar
1428:Provveditori all'Armar
1409:Provveditori all'Armar
1309:Capitano della Guardia
1287:("Captain against the
1170:
1128:
1059:
1005:
983:
970:
905:
899:
897:Beflagged galley of a
876:Cretan War (1645–1669)
668:Fall of Constantinople
663:
655:
443:Sack of Constantinople
398:
342:and taking control of
157:
43:
3689:San Lorenzo Zustinian
3161:Byzantine–Norman wars
2866:Conflicts and battles
2830:Magistrato alle pompe
2790:Magistrato alle acque
2755:Correttori alle Leggi
2526:Ottoman–Venetian wars
2491:Venetian–Genoese wars
2225:10.1353/jmh.2007.0204
1869:, pp. 24ff., 47.
1234:("Admiral"), and the
1203:Provveditore d'armata
1183:. In times of war, a
1162:
1141:French First Republic
1123:
1043:
961:
901:Provveditore d'Armata
896:
672:Ottoman–Venetian wars
661:
652:The Battle of Lepanto
650:
526:Venetian–Genoese wars
412:At this great public
389:
364:Byzantine–Norman wars
151:
129:Eastern Mediterranean
87:Industrial Revolution
33:
3831:Bartolomeo Contarini
3779:Madonna della Salute
3518:Savio alla Scrittura
3024:Venetian Renaissance
2780:Camerlenghi di Comun
2572:Domini di Terraferma
2055:(Paper presented at
1415:Savio alla Scrittura
1103:Ottoman Tripolitania
967:Gianfranco Munerotto
569:Crusade of Nicopolis
376:Golden Bull, of 1082
154:Museo Storico Navale
3586:Capitano delle Navi
3054:Accademia Veneziana
3019:Gothic architecture
2750:Avogadoria de ComĂąn
1898:, pp. 160–161.
1777:, pp. 308–317.
1750:, pp. 128–129.
1714:, pp. 126–127.
1699:, pp. 125–126.
1687:, pp. 124–125.
1426:. It comprised the
1383:Venetian patriciate
1326:governatore di nave
1248:Capitano delle Navi
1240:Capitano delle Navi
1227:Capitano delle Navi
1091:Treaty of Karlowitz
632:battle of Polesella
360:Western Christendom
193:, derived from the
70:Mediterranean world
3713:San Carlo Borromeo
3551:Capitano del Golfo
3257:War of the Straits
3242:Adramyttion (1334)
3198:War of Saint Sabas
3146:Republic of Venice
3071:Carnival of Venice
2770:Lords of the Night
2694:Savi di Terraferma
2689:Savi del Consiglio
2679:Signoria of Venice
2655:promissione ducale
2481:Chrysobull of 1082
2446:Republic of Venice
2245:Renaissance Venice
1988:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1976:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1959:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1947:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1935:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1923:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1867:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1855:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1843:Nani Mocenigo 1935
1448:Pagadori all'Armar
1438:), of provisions (
1209:Capitano del Golfo
1171:
1135:'s troops. At the
1129:
1060:
971:
963:Return from Levant
906:
772:) with the modern
664:
656:
581:Marshal Boucicault
534:Battle of Chioggia
484:maritime republics
399:
368:Alexios I Komnenos
300:, "horse-carrier")
285:Pietro II Candiano
158:
98:maritime republics
44:
3937:
3936:
3896:Sebastiano Venier
3851:Lodovico Flangini
3814:
3813:
3669:Ships of the line
3605:
3604:
3596:Patron delle Navi
3534:Supreme command:
3503:Arsenal of Venice
3410:29 September 1662
3294:Galeas per montes
3284:Gallipolli (1416)
3105:
3104:
3079:
3078:
2998:
2997:
2913:
2912:
2738:State Inquisitors
2669:Commune of Venice
2622:
2621:
2336:Morrison, John S.
2253:Lane, Frederic C.
2241:Lane, Frederic C.
2203:978-1-139-49816-6
2182:978-90-6013-274-6
2124:978-88-911-9590-6
2103:978-88-95996-20-2
2040:978-90-04-25252-3
1949:, pp. 41–42.
1937:, pp. 5, 23.
1857:, pp. 45–46.
1608:978-88-31365-53-6
1585:, pp. 21–25.
1573:, pp. 19–24.
1561:, pp. 14–18.
1424:British Admiralty
1371:ships of the line
1320:, galeasses by a
1149:Habsburg monarchy
1126:Alexander Kircher
1009:('light fleet').
928:galea bastardella
880:Kingdom of Candia
823:Battle of Lepanto
557:Argos and Nauplia
503:Battle of Curzola
74:Mediterranean Sea
66:Venetian Republic
16:(Redirected from
3977:
3931:
3876:Benedetto Pesaro
3866:Lazzaro Mocenigo
3826:Vettore Cappello
3803:Scudo Della Fede
3742:San Marco grande
3681:Giove Fulminante
3670:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3508:Savi agli Ordini
3493:
3492:
3483:
3316:Polesella (1509)
3154:Wars and battles
3147:
3141:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3090:
3007:
3006:
2929:Economic history
2922:
2921:
2883:Venetian Arsenal
2861:Military history
2845:Grand chancellor
2788:
2778:
2763:
2745:Council of Forty
2699:Savi agli Ordini
2665:(abolished 1423)
2642:
2631:
2630:
2592:Venetian Albania
2553:
2552:
2543:
2509:Wars in Lombardy
2447:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2394:
2375:Nicol, Donald M.
2370:
2355:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2283:
2264:
2248:
2236:
2207:
2186:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2150:. Archived from
2141:
2136:e archivi minori
2128:
2107:
2088:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2044:
2021:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1804:
1802:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1549:, pp. 8–14.
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1456:ducal councillor
1450:), three of the
1440:sopra i biscotti
1403:savi agli ordini
1358:
1355:
1303:, as well as in
1169:
1166:
1145:Venetian Arsenal
1111:Alaouite Morocco
1079:ship of the line
1052:Venetian Arsenal
1022:Lazzaro Mocenigo
1008:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
904:
869:Age of Discovery
596:Hanseatic League
585:Battle of Ankara
542:mothballed fleet
522:magnetic compass
407:Venetian Arsenal
356:balance of power
299:
298:
178:Byzantine Empire
166:Byzantine navies
123:in the northern
96:, and later the
94:Byzantine Empire
83:Venetian Arsenal
41:Francesco Guardi
39:(c. 1766–70) by
21:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3910:
3871:Pietro Mocenigo
3856:Antonio Grimani
3810:
3809:
3772:
3719:
3705:Leon Trionfante
3668:
3662:
3618:
3601:
3600:
3579:Sailing fleet:
3575:
3545:
3522:
3484:
3475:
3400:4th Dardanelles
3385:3rd Dardanelles
3380:2nd Dardanelles
3375:1st Dardanelles
3267:War of Chioggia
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3075:
2994:
2909:
2849:
2820:Savi all'eresia
2786:
2776:
2761:
2640:
2618:
2544:
2535:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2402:
2391:
2352:
2289:L'Ateneo Veneto
2280:
2257:Studi Veneziani
2204:
2183:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2139:
2125:
2117:. Youcanprint.
2104:
2068:
2052:
2041:
2004:Anderson, R. C.
1999:
1994:
1990:, pp. 4–5.
1986:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1824:
1807:
1799:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1523:Guilmartin 2007
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1464:
1444:alle Artiglerie
1391:Venetian Senate
1379:
1356:
1338:
1167:
1157:
1107:Ottoman Tunisia
1099:Ottoman Algeria
1038:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
956:
810:order of battle
645:
530:War of Chioggia
516:for the single
429:trade convoys.
384:
218:before the wind
146:
121:Venetian Lagoon
117:
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3886:Niccolò Pisani
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Pietro Loredan
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:Jacopo Dondulo
3838:
3836:Andrea Dandolo
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3758:Fede Guerriera
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3638:Galea bastarda
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3619:Oared warships
3611:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3549:Galley fleet:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3496:Administration
3490:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3405:27 August 1661
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:Pallene (1344)
3244:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3225:War of Curzola
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3193:Constantinople
3190:
3188:Fourth Crusade
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2971:Via Argentaria
2965:
2963:Venetian glass
2960:
2959:
2958:
2956:Banco del Giro
2951:Bank of Venice
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2733:Council of Ten
2730:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2637:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:Ionian Islands
2594:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2514:War of Ferrara
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:Fourth Crusade
2483:
2478:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2395:
2389:
2371:
2356:
2350:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2303:, pp. 129–169.
2295:(II). Venice.
2291:(in Italian).
2284:
2278:
2265:
2249:
2237:
2219:(3): 649–669.
2208:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2129:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2089:
2075:(in Italian).
2061:
2045:
2039:
2022:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1912:
1910:, p. 161.
1900:
1888:
1886:, p. 160.
1871:
1859:
1847:
1830:
1805:
1797:
1779:
1767:
1765:, p. 308.
1752:
1740:
1738:, p. 128.
1728:
1726:, p. 127.
1716:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1661:
1645:
1643:, p. 248.
1633:
1621:
1607:
1587:
1583:Manfroni 1902a
1575:
1571:Manfroni 1902a
1563:
1559:Manfroni 1902a
1551:
1547:Manfroni 1902a
1539:
1527:
1512:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1479:Manila galleon
1476:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1378:
1377:Administration
1375:
1337:
1334:
1330:nobile di nave
1194:armata sottile
1156:
1153:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1037:
1034:
1006:Armada sottile
979:Habsburg Spain
955:
952:
951:
950:
938:
932:galea bastarda
861:
860:
806:galee sforzate
794:galee sforzate
762:
761:
742:galea bastarda
738:
729:
716:
644:
641:
630:and up to the
628:war of Ferrara
624:duchy of Milan
612:
611:
587:in July 1402.
472:
471:
439:Constantinople
435:Fourth Crusade
383:
380:
328:
327:
321:
316:
301:
288:
277:
264:
257:
242:
241:
226:
225:
210:navis oneraria
202:
145:
142:
138:Ottoman Empire
110:
107:
103:Ottoman Empire
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3982:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Venetian navy
3948:
3947:
3945:
3932:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Girolamo Zane
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Vettor Pisani
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Andrea Pisani
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3766:San Spiridion
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3734:Venere Armata
3731:
3729:
3727:
3726:Drago Volante
3723:Second-rate:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Galea sottile
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Corfu Channel
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:Megara (1359)
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Imbros (1347)
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:Trade routes
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2904:
2903:Sailing ships
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:Venetian navy
2876:
2874:
2873:Venetian army
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:Great Council
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Minor Council
2672:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:Pax Nicephori
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2390:0-521-34157-4
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2351:0-85177-554-3
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2157:on 2016-03-04
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1925:, p. 42.
1924:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1845:, p. 23.
1844:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:Da Mosto 1940
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1798:0-911198-97-0
1794:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1775:Anderson 1952
1771:
1764:
1763:Anderson 1952
1759:
1757:
1749:
1748:Zampieri 2011
1744:
1737:
1736:Zampieri 2011
1732:
1725:
1724:Zampieri 2011
1720:
1713:
1712:Zampieri 2011
1708:
1706:
1698:
1697:Zampieri 2011
1693:
1686:
1685:Zampieri 2011
1681:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1537:, p. 42.
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:armata grossa
1195:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Barbary Coast
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
985:
984:Armada grossa
980:
976:
968:
964:
960:
948:
944:
943:
939:
937:
936:galea sottile
933:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
919:
915:
911:
910:naval academy
903:
902:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:
836:
835:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:galley slaves
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
759:
755:
754:galea sottile
751:
747:
746:galea sottile
743:
739:
736:
735:
730:
727:
723:
722:
717:
714:
713:
708:
707:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
688:ship's stores
685:
681:
675:
673:
669:
660:
653:
649:
640:
637:
633:
629:
626:, during the
625:
621:
617:
609:
605:
601:
600:
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:Great Council
477:
468:
467:galea sottile
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:
450:
448:
444:
441:and with the
440:
436:
430:
428:
427:
422:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
396:
392:
388:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:
322:
320:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
270:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
246:
245:
239:
235:
234:galea sottile
231:
230:
229:
223:
222:support ships
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
199:Mediterranean
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
155:
150:
141:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
116:
106:
104:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:Venetian navy
42:
38:
37:
32:
19:
18:Venetian Navy
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3776:Third-rate:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3678:First-rate:
3489:Organization
3370:10 July 1651
3345:24 June 1618
3279:Modon (1403)
3138:
3029:Architecture
2976:Via de Zenta
2877:
2684:Full College
2653:
2577:Stato da MĂ r
2519:Italian Wars
2504:War of Padua
2473:
2406:
2379:
2366:
2361:
2340:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2299:, pp. 3–34;
2292:
2288:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2216:
2212:
2192:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2152:the original
2134:
2113:
2093:
2076:
2072:
2056:
2030:
2008:
1983:
1978:, p. 4.
1961:, p. 3.
1954:
1942:
1930:
1903:
1891:
1862:
1850:
1828:, p. 5.
1788:
1782:
1770:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1692:
1680:
1664:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1597:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1503:
1468:Genoese navy
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:all'Arsenale
1435:
1432:provveditori
1431:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1380:
1360:
1349:
1347:
1342:conscription
1339:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1130:
1084:
1061:
1045:
1026:
1015:
1011:
974:
972:
962:
946:
940:
935:
931:
927:
922:
913:
907:
873:
864:
862:
848:
844:
838:
831:Fanti da Mar
830:
820:
813:
805:
802:alla sensile
801:
793:
785:
781:
778:galee libere
777:
763:
758:galea grossa
757:
753:
745:
741:
732:
725:
719:
710:
692:
679:
676:
665:
651:
619:
613:
589:
574:
550:
538:
518:stern rudder
514:steering oar
511:
507:Genoese navy
498:
496:
473:
466:
458:
454:
446:
437:diverted to
431:
425:
411:
400:
390:
352:
348:Stato da MĂ r
329:
324:
304:
291:
280:
267:
260:
253:
249:
243:
238:lateen sails
233:
227:
205:
187:nave sottile
186:
159:
118:
91:
56:
47:
45:
34:
3920:Oltremarini
3750:Sant'Andrea
3571:Sopracomito
3527:Naval ranks
3437:6 July 1697
3395:18 May 1657
3360:26 May 1646
3166:Dyrrhachium
1631:, p. .
1510:, p. .
1357: 1542
1322:governatore
1317:sopracomito
1291:") and the
1168: 1780
998:heavy fleet
782:buonavoglia
726:half galley
463:merchantman
172:, later an
3944:Categories
3906:Carlo Zeno
3846:Angelo Emo
3819:Commanders
3643:Brigantine
3442:Samothrace
3417:Morean War
3390:3 May 1657
3355:Cretan War
3208:Settepozzi
2716:Patriciate
2634:Government
2279:0404198155
2175:. De Alk.
2161:2017-11-17
2018:1015099422
1671:, p.
1669:Gould 2011
1655:, p.
1653:Carro 2015
1535:Lucas 1960
1508:Nicol 1988
1496:References
1350:condannati
1348:Convicts (
1305:Lake Garda
1115:Angelo Emo
1018:Cretan War
845:da mercato
790:conscripts
686:and other
636:Lake Garda
608:forecastle
565:Monemvasia
476:republican
459:da mercato
421:freightage
418:chartering
395:Tintoretto
372:Chrysobull
340:Narentines
274:Greek fire
206:nave tonda
113:See also:
60:) was the
3658:Bucentaur
3591:Almirante
3427:Oinousses
3289:Po (1431)
3176:Buthrotum
3061:Bucentaur
3034:Humanists
2649:Dogaressa
2549:Geography
2233:162353666
2148:889222113
2085:1724-7446
2079:: 89–96.
1908:Lane 1973
1896:Lane 1973
1884:Lane 1973
1367:galeasses
1256:Almirante
1232:Almirante
1036:1718–1797
888:submarine
857:broadside
833:in 1550.
786:zontaroli
770:crossbows
643:1453–1718
592:North Sea
319:fireships
309:Bucentaur
297:ἱππαγωγόν
261:palandria
254:zalandria
250:galandria
214:freeboard
79:chandlers
3653:Galleass
3422:Mytilene
3365:Focchies
3272:Chioggia
3089:Category
3044:Painting
2854:Military
2765:Auditors
2627:Politics
2587:Dalmatia
2565:Sestieri
2467:Timeline
2377:(1988).
2301:Fasc. II
2263:: 15–43.
2006:(1952).
1614:28 April
1462:See also
1454:, and a
1281:capitani
1133:Napoleon
1047:Vittoria
947:gallioni
918:Giudecca
853:gun deck
849:galleass
840:galleass
774:arquebus
756:and the
750:flagship
695:firearms
684:hardtack
577:captains
499:il Golfo
414:shipyard
403:Crusades
344:Dalmatia
292:ippogogo
281:gumbaria
156:, Venice
125:Adriatic
52:Venetian
3930:Commons
3464:Matapan
3338:Lepanto
3326:Preveza
3304:Zonchio
3230:Curzola
3218:Trapani
3143:of the
3003:Culture
2934:Coinage
2918:Economy
2815:Censori
2462:History
2455:History
2297:Fasc. I
1997:Sources
1260:Patrona
1236:Patrona
1072:frigate
1064:sextant
1050:in the
1029:frigate
992:
975:galleon
942:galleon
827:marines
703:chasers
594:by the
561:Durazzo
553:Ottoman
336:Normans
195:trireme
176:of the
131:to the
64:of the
3805:-class
3797:-class
3789:-class
3781:-class
3768:-class
3760:-class
3752:-class
3744:-class
3736:-class
3728:-class
3715:-class
3707:-class
3699:-class
3697:Corona
3691:-class
3683:-class
3628:Dromon
3459:Imbros
3432:Andros
3350:Ragusa
3213:Saseno
2728:Senate
2663:Concio
2602:Cyprus
2582:Istria
2560:Dogado
2449:
2387:
2348:
2276:
2231:
2200:
2179:
2146:
2121:
2100:
2083:
2037:
2016:
1795:
1605:
1430:, the
1289:Uskoks
1275:, the
1238:. The
1139:, the
1109:, and
912:, the
847:, the
721:galiot
699:cannon
620:scaule
563:, and
332:Franks
269:dromon
191:galley
170:vassal
133:Levant
57:Armada
3915:Other
3648:Fusta
3610:Ships
3309:Modon
3171:Corfu
3096:Index
3039:Music
2944:Zecca
2898:Ranks
2721:Zonta
2612:Morea
2607:Crete
2403:(PDF)
2365:[
2229:S2CID
2155:(PDF)
2140:(PDF)
2069:(PDF)
2053:(PDF)
1336:Crews
1328:, or
1301:Adige
1250:or a
1181:Corfu
884:Crete
882:(now
734:fusta
546:hulks
488:Genoa
374:, or
325:gatto
313:Doges
290:the
162:Roman
3203:Acre
3140:Navy
3066:Flag
2988:Muda
2939:Lira
2644:Doge
2531:Fall
2385:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2274:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2144:OCLC
2119:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2081:ISSN
2035:ISBN
2014:OCLC
1803:p. 6
1793:ISBN
1616:2023
1603:ISBN
1452:savi
1299:and
1258:and
1077:The
1070:The
989:lit.
934:and
837:The
768:and
766:bows
740:The
731:The
718:The
709:The
602:The
492:Pisa
490:and
453:The
447:muda
426:muda
334:and
323:the
305:buzo
303:the
279:the
266:the
259:the
252:(or
248:the
232:The
204:The
185:The
174:ally
164:and
62:navy
46:The
2293:XXV
2221:doi
1673:216
1657:107
965:by
604:cog
486:of
3946::
2405:.
2261:VI
2259:.
2227:.
2217:71
2215:.
2071:.
2029:.
1966:^
1915:^
1874:^
1833:^
1808:^
1755:^
1704:^
1515:^
1458:.
1354:c.
1311:.
1297:Po
1165:c.
1117:.
1105:,
1101:,
616:Po
559:,
461:("
449:.
409:.
378:.
366:,
350:.
140:.
54::
3131:e
3124:t
3117:v
2437:e
2430:t
2423:v
2393:.
2354:.
2282:.
2235:.
2223::
2206:.
2185:.
2164:.
2127:.
2106:.
2087:.
2077:I
2043:.
2020:.
1801:.
1675:.
1659:.
1618:.
1525:.
1097:—
1058:.
1001:'
995:'
987:(
760:.
610:.
397:.
315:)
224:.
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.