Vietnamese boat people

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did not survive the voyage. The countries of the region often "pushed back" the boats when they arrived near their coastline and boat people cast about at sea for weeks or months looking for a place where they could land. Despite the dangers and the resistance of the receiving countries, the number of boat people continued to grow, reaching a high of 54,000 arrivals in the month of June 1979, with a total of 350,000 in refugee camps in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At this point, the countries of Southeast Asia united in declaring that they had "reached the limit of their endurance and decided that they would not accept any new arrivals".

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Orderly Departure Program enabled Vietnamese, if approved, to depart Vietnam for resettlement in another country without having to become a boat person. As a result of the conference, boat people departures from Vietnam declined to a few thousand per month and resettlements increased from 9,000 per month in early 1979 to 25,000 per month, the majority of the Vietnamese going to the United States, France, Australia, and Canada. The worst of the humanitarian crisis was over, although boat people would continue to leave Vietnam for more than another decade and die at sea or be confined to lengthy stays in refugee camps.

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for the United States. They were to be allowed to immigrate to the U.S. if they had suffered persecution by the communist regime after 1975. Half-American children in Vietnam, descendants of servicemen, were also allowed to immigrate along with their mothers or foster parents. This program sparked a wave of rich Vietnamese parents buying the immigration rights from the real mothers or foster parents. They paid money (in the black market) to transfer the half-American children into their custody, then applied for visas to emigrate to the United States.

718: 688: 151: 27: 357:(UNHCR) began compiling statistics on piracy in 1981. In that year, 452 boats carrying Vietnamese boat people arrived in Thailand carrying 15,479 refugees; 349 of the boats had been attacked by pirates an average of three times each, while 228 women had been abducted and 881 people were dead or missing. An international anti-piracy campaign began in June 1982 and reduced the number of pirate attacks although they continued to be frequent and often deadly until 1990. 566: 3256: 3246: 581: 337:. The boats were not intended for navigating open waters, and would typically head for busy international shipping lanes some 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the east. The lucky ones would succeed in being rescued by freighters or reach shore 1–2 weeks after departure. The unlucky ones continued their perilous journey at sea, sometimes lasting a few months long, suffering from hunger, thirst, disease, and pirates before finding safety. 505: 385:

population of more than 40,000 who had arrived in 453 boats. The UNHCR and a large number of relief and aid organizations assisted the refugees. Food and drinking water had to be imported by barge. Water was rationed at one gallon per day per person. The food ration was mostly rice and canned meat and vegetables. The refugees constructed crude shelters from boat timbers, plastic sheeting, flattened tin cans, and palm fronds.

3266: 241:, the Hoa were seen by the Vietnamese government as a security threat. Hoa people also controlled much of the retail trade in South Vietnam, and the communist government increasingly levied them with taxes, placed restrictions on trade, and confiscated businesses. In May 1978, the Hoa began to leave Vietnam in large numbers for China, initially by land. By the end of 1979, resulting from the 350:

coast of Thailand. Another of many stories tell of a boat carrying 75 refugees which were sunk by pirates with one person surviving. The survivors of another boat in which most of the 21 women aboard were abducted by pirates said that at least 50 merchant vessels passed them by and ignored their pleas for help. An Argentine freighter finally picked them up and took them to Thailand.

283:, attempted to land 2,500 refugees in Malaysia. The Malaysians declined to allow them to enter their territory and the ship sat offshore until the refugees were processed for resettlement in third countries. More large ships carrying thousands of refugees began to arrive in Hong Kong territorial waters: the 455:

eliminated. Countries in Southeast Asia were equally negative about accepting newly arriving Vietnamese boat people into their countries. Moreover, both asylum and resettlement countries were doubtful that many of the newer boat people were fleeing political repression and thus merited refugee status.

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There appeared to be some unwritten rules in Western countries. Officials gave preference to married couples, young families, and women over 18 years old, leaving single men and minors to suffer at the camps for years. Among these unwanted, those who worked and studied hard and involved themselves in

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In response to the outpouring of boat people, the neighbouring countries with international assistance set up refugee camps along their shores and on small, isolated islands. As the number of boat people grew to tens of thousands per month in early 1979, their numbers outstripped the ability of local

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headed the U.S. delegation. The results of the conference were that the Southeast Asian countries agreed to provide temporary asylum to the refugees, Vietnam agreed to promote orderly departures rather than permit boat people to depart, and the Western countries agreed to accelerate resettlement. The

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Most of these half-American children were born of American soldiers and prostitutes. They were subject to discrimination, poverty, neglect, and abuse. On November 15, 2005, the United States and Vietnam signed an agreement allowing additional Vietnamese to immigrate who were not able to do so before

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from 1979 until 1994 helped to resettle refugees in the United States and other Western countries. In this program, refugees were asked to go back to Vietnam and wait for assessment. If they were deemed to be eligible to be resettled in the United States (according to criteria that the US government

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in the crowded conditions was the greatest problem. The United States and other governments had representatives on the island to interview refugees for resettlement. With the expansion of the numbers to be resettled after the July 1979 Geneva Conference, the population of Bidong slowly declined. The

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As these larger ships met resistance to landing their human cargo, many thousands of Vietnamese began to depart Vietnam in small boats, attempting to land surreptitiously on the shores of neighbouring countries. The people in these small boats faced enormous dangers at sea and many thousands of them

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There were many methods employed by Vietnamese citizens to leave the country. Most were secret and done at night; some involved the bribing of top government officials. Some people bought places in large boats that hold up to several hundred passengers. Others boarded fishing boats (fishing being a

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Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The Robert D Ray Asian Gardens is a pagoda and garden erected along the banks of the Des Moines River. Paid for in part by the thousands of Tai Dam refugees living in Iowa, the garden memorializes Governor Ray being the first elected official in the US to advocate

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Humanitarian Program for Former Political Detainees, popularly called Humanitarian Operation or HO due to the "H" subgroup designation within the ODP and trailing numbers 01-09 (e.g., H01-H09, H10, etc.), was set up to benefit former South Vietnamese who were involved in the former regime or worked

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involuntarily. The residual caseload of Vietnamese boat people in 1997 was 2,288, of whom 2,069 were in Hong Kong. The four countries resettling most Vietnamese boat people and land arrivals were the United States with 402,382; France with 120,403; Australia with 108,808; and Canada with 100,012.

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Between 1980 and 1986, the outflow of boat people from Vietnam was less than the numbers resettled in other countries. In 1987, the numbers of boat people began to grow again. The destination this time was primarily Hong Kong and Thailand. Concerning the impact on its economy, security and society,

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The Vietnamese government and its officials profited from the outflow of refugees, especially the often well-to-do Hoa. The price for obtaining exit permits, documentation, and a boat or ship, often derelict, to leave Vietnam was reported to be the equivalent of $ 3,000 for adults and half that for

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The Galang Refugee Camp was also on an island, but with a much larger area than Bidong. More than 170,000 Indochinese, the great majority of boat people, were temporary residents at Galang while it served as a refugee camp from 1975 until 1996. After they became well-established, Galang and Bidong

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pirates boarded their boat three times during their 17-day voyage, raped the four women on board and killed one, stole all the possessions of the refugees, and abducted one man who was never found. When their boat sank, they were rescued by a Thai fishing boat and ended up in a refugee camp on the

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by road. On arrival, they would take refuge for up to two days in safe houses while waiting for fishing junks and trawlers to take small groups into international waters. Planning for such a trip took many months and even years. Although these attempts often caused a depletion of resources, people

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by Britain scheduled for July 1997, and the financial incentives for voluntary return to Vietnam caused many boat people to return to Vietnam during the 1990s. Most remaining asylum seekers were voluntarily or forcibly repatriated to Vietnam, although a small number (about 2,500) were granted the

117:

in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. Several tens of thousands were repatriated to Vietnam, either voluntarily or

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The boat people comprised only part of the Vietnamese resettled abroad from 1975 until the end of the twentieth century. A total of more than 1.2 million Vietnamese were resettled between 1975 and 1997. Of that number more than 700,000 were boat people; the remaining 900,000 were resettled

384:

Bidong Island was designated as the principal refugee camp in Malaysia in August 1978. The Malaysian government towed any arriving boatloads of refugees to the island. Less than one square mile (260 ha) in area, Bidong was prepared to receive 4,500 refugees, but by June 1979 Bidong had a refugee

105:

The combination of economic sanctions, the legacy of destruction left by the Vietnam War, policies of the Vietnamese government, and further conflicts with neighboring countries caused an international humanitarian crisis, with Southeast Asian countries increasingly unwilling to accept more boat

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On June 15, 1988, after more than 18,000 Vietnamese had arrived that year, Hong Kong authorities announced that all new arrivals would be placed in detention centres and confined until they could be resettled. Boat people were held in prison-like conditions and education and other programs were

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After the Saigon evacuation, the number of Vietnamese leaving their country remained relatively small until mid-1978. A number of factors contributed to the refugee crisis, including economic hardship and wars in Vietnam, China, and Cambodia. In addition, up to 300,000 people, especially those

469:

In 1989, about 70,000 Indochinese boat people arrived in five Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong. By 1992, that number declined to only 41 and the era of the Vietnamese Boat People fleeing their homeland definitively ended. However, resettlement of Vietnamese continued under the Orderly

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UNHCR statistics for 1975 to 1997 indicate that 839,228 Vietnamese arrived in UNHCR camps in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. They arrived mostly by boat, although 42,918 of the total arrived by land in Thailand. 749,929 were resettled abroad. 109,322 were repatriated, either voluntarily or

278:

unloaded 1,200 Vietnamese on an uninhabited island belonging to Indonesia. The government of Indonesia was furious at the people being dumped on its shores, but was pacified by the assurances of Western countries that they would resettle the refugees. In October 1978, another ship, the

57:

in 1975. This migration and humanitarian crisis was at its highest in the late 70s and early 80s, but continued well into the early 1990s. The term is also often used generically to refer to the Vietnamese people who left their country in a mass exodus between 1975 and 1995 (see

879:

Montreal, Quebec, Canada (November 18, 2015) by UniAction. Courage & Inspiration is the commemorative and collective artwork of 14'L x4'H highlighting the 40th anniversary of Vietnamese Boat people refugees in Canada. It has been inaugurated and displayed at the

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people on their shores. After negotiations and an international conference in 1979, Vietnam agreed to limit the flow of people leaving the country. The Southeast Asian countries agreed to admit the boat people temporarily, and the rest of the world, especially more

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The number of boat people leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totaled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. According to the

659:. By the mid-1990s, the number of refugees fleeing from Vietnam had significantly dwindled. Many refugee camps were shut down. Most of the well educated or those with genuine refugee status had already been accepted by receiving countries. 663:

constructive refugee community activities were eventually accepted by the West by recommendations from UNHCR workers. Hong Kong was open about its willingness to take the remnants at its camp, but only some refugees took up the offer.

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children. These payments were often made in the form of gold bars. Many poorer Vietnamese left their country secretly without documentation and in flimsy boats, and these were the most vulnerable to pirates and storms while at sea.

340:

A typical story of the hazards faced by the boat people was told in 1982 by a man named Le Phuoc. He left Vietnam with 17 other people in a boat 23 feet (7.0 m) long to attempt the 300-mile (480 km) passage across the

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and other refugee camps provided education, language and cultural training to boat people who would be resettled abroad. Refugees usually had to live in camps for several months—and sometimes years—before being resettled.

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in the Philippines. The center housed up to 18,000 Indochinese refugees who were approved for resettlement in the United States and elsewhere and provided them English language and other cross-cultural training.

462:(CPA) which had the aim of reducing the migration of boat people by requiring that all new arrivals be screened to determine if they were genuine refugees. Those who failed to qualify as refugees would be 633:

For Indochinese Refugees was adopted in June 1989. The cut-off date for refugees was March 14, 1989. Effective from this day, the Indochinese Boat people would no longer automatically be considered as

2081: 611:. Frequent violent clashes between the boat people and security forces caused public outcry and mounting concerns in the early 1990s since many camps were very close to high-density residential areas. 679:

in 2002. In 2008, the remaining refugees in the Philippines (around 200) were granted asylum in Canada, Norway, and the United States, marking an end to the history of the boat people from Vietnam.

1950: 2641: 2195: 2561: 1838: 846:, France: Roundabout "Rond Point Saigon"; André Malraux intersection avenue and boulevard des Genets of Bussy-Saint-Georges commune (September 12, 2010)., statue by sculptor Vũ Đình Lâm. 625:

were faced with the continuing exodus and the increasing reluctance by third countries to maintain resettlement opportunities for every exile. The countries threatened push-backs of the

158: 138: 226:, where many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to perform hard labor. In addition, 1 million people, mostly city dwellers, "volunteered" to live in " 1260:

http://www.virtual.vietnam.ttu.edu/cgi-bin/starfetch.exe?c3WGk7fZGwC.5GSATuRwDvOhJJrHoi37YUc3lHzCxC5@Dg6Q@i.EMsVl.BwT.mM49B2oJjiYBplFyq.OeCcgrOYQN8lbdw@dsxmaCfsxVMY/2123309004.pdf

1917: 1971: 218:, budgeting roughly 415 million dollars in the effort to provide transportation, healthcare, and accommodations to the 130,000 Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Lao refugees. 951:(published by AmazonEncore/Lake Union in 2011) is a novel by Uyen Nicole Duong describing the search of a boat person by his successful Vietnamese immigrant lawyer friend. 1999: 3151: 1851: 320:

in July 1979, stating that "a grave crisis exists in Southeast Asia for hundreds of thousands of refugees". Illustrating the prominence of the issue, Vice President

2517: 2085: 2132: 1876: 3031: 1465:

United States, Congress, House, "Piracy in the Gulf of Thailand: A Crisis for the International Community", 97th Congress, 2nd Session, GPO, 1978, pp. 15-17

2676: 1834: 245:, 250,000 Hoa had sought refuge in China and many tens of thousands more were among the Vietnamese boat people scattered all over Southeast Asia and in 3259: 607:

Hong Kong adopted the "port of first asylum policy" in July 1979 and received over 100,000 Vietnamese at the peak of migration in the late 1980s. Many

856:, New South Wales, Australia (November 2011) at Saigon Place. This is the bronze statue, weighing more than three tons by sculptor Terrence Plowright. 2822: 748:

Some monuments and memorials were erected to commemorate the dangers and the people, who died on the journey to escape from Vietnam. Among them are:

373:

governments, the UN, and humanitarian organizations to provide food, water, housing, and medical care to them. Two of the largest refugee camps were

364:, between 200,000 and 600,000 boat people died at sea. Other wide-ranging estimates are that 10 to 70 percent of Vietnamese boat people died at sea. 274:

Although a few thousand people had fled Vietnam by boat between 1975 and mid-1978, the exodus of the boat people began in September 1978. The vessel

655:

The refugees faced prospects of staying years in the camps and ultimate repatriation to Vietnam. They were branded, rightly or wrongly, as economic

444: 2558: 2199: 614:

By the late 1980s, Western Europe, the United States, and Australia received fewer Vietnamese refugees. It became much harder for refugees to get

466:, voluntarily or involuntarily, to Vietnam, a process that would take more than a decade. The CPA quickly served to reduce boat people migration. 1476: 2025: 2661: 2055: 215: 2868: 2549: 1140: 354: 3163: 2169: 361: 67: 1235: 1206: 983:

is a 2005 independent film by Ham Tran, about the Vietnamese re-education camp and boat people experience following the Fall of Saigon

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to southern Thailand or Malaysia. Their two outboard motors soon failed and they drifted without power and ran out of food and water.

3199: 1691:

Robinson, W. Courtland, "The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees, 1989-1997: Sharing the Burden and Pass the Buck"

1340:

Along the Southern Boundary: A Marine Police Officer's Frontline Account of the Vietnamese Boatpeople and their Arrival in Hong Kong

991:

is a 2009 novel by Kim Thúy on the life of a Vietnamese woman who leaves Saigon as a boat person and eventually immigrates to Quebec

876:

Perth, Western Australia, Australia (November 1, 2013) in Wade Street Park Reserve. 5.5 meter high monument of sculptor Coral Lowry.

621:

As hundreds of thousands of people were escaping out of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia via land or boat, countries of first arrival in

182:

and the subsequent evacuation of more than 130,000 Vietnamese closely associated with the United States or the former government of

3156: 2502: 740: 3087: 2302: 526: 2836: 1855: 305:, in May (1,433 refugees). Their passengers were both ethnic Vietnamese and Hoa who had paid substantial fares for the passage. 667: 237:, the ethnic Chinese population in Vietnam. Due to increasing tensions between Vietnam and China, which ultimately resulted in 1811: 604:

the humanitarian program ended in 1994. Effectively, this new agreement was an extension and final chapter of the HO program.

419:

began to search for solutions. In early 1987, one of the accommodated Vietnamese refugee boats received the assistance of the

3320: 2601: 2486: 2460: 1419: 1030: 98:. Tensions stemming from Vietnam's disputes with Cambodia and China in 1978 and 1979 caused an exodus of the majority of the 2686: 398: 123: 2574: 2544: 2003: 3214: 3181: 3130: 2859: 1352: 238: 3226: 3070: 2845: 2797: 2509:

Imperial War Museum - Online Exhibition (images, video and interviews with Vietnam War refugees, including Boat People)

2248: 420: 2279:(in Vietnamese). Cộng Đồng Việt Nam Tỵ Nạn Cộng Sản Tại Hòa Lan (Associatie Van Vietnamese Vluchtelingen In Nederland) 2792: 2521: 1643: 1182: 552: 2274:"Tượng Đài Thuyền Nhân Việt Nam tại Hòa Lan. - Khởi công năm 2012, khánh thành vào ngày 30-04-2016 trị giá € 50.000" 1897: 534: 3300: 3146: 2787: 2752: 2666: 1551: 2655: 744:

South Vietnamese Boat People Memorial, in Brisbane, QLD, dedicated 2 December 2012, executed by Phillip Piperides

706: 2329: 2221: 2148: 1972:"Ủy Ban Xây Dựng Tượng Đài Chiến Sĩ Việt Mỹ Tổ Chức Lễ Tưởng Niệm 40 Năm Quốc Hận Và 12 Năm Thành Lập Tượng Đài" 1571:[The closure of the last Vietnamese refugee center in the world marks a new era in history]. Hong Kong: 3340: 3330: 2696: 2691: 2569: 1612: 608: 530: 432: 246: 3325: 3305: 3019: 1035: 671: 194:. The U.S. government transported refugees from Vietnam via aircraft and ships to temporarily settle down in 1438:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. pp. 83, 84; accessed 8 January 2014; Thompson, pp. 164–165. 1019: 3310: 3295: 3269: 3103: 3036: 2782: 2512: 2107: 1254:"Special Study on Indochina Refugee Situation -- July 1979", Douglas Pike Collection, The Vietnam Archive, 630: 459: 127: 20: 3026: 2671: 2637: 1572: 1264: 223: 179: 110:, agreed to assume most of the costs of caring for the boat people and resettle them in their countries. 2959: 1748: 1022:, a Vietnamese radio PSA announcing the policy of Comprehensive Plan of Action on Vietnamese boat people 728: 3204: 3009: 2873: 2619: 1157: 648:. Those who were "screened-out" would be sent back to Vietnam and Laos, under an orderly and monitored 227: 2358: 1976: 257:

common occupation in Vietnam) and left that way. One method used involved middle-class refugees from

3209: 3176: 3075: 3048: 2878: 2854: 2594: 2033: 1929: 1040: 933: 592: 119: 2173: 2059: 3335: 3231: 3108: 2817: 2724: 2681: 906:(Associatie Van Vietnamese Vluchtelingen In Nederland). The Monument for Vietnamese boat refugees ( 515: 484: 59: 2535: 261:, armed with forged identity documents, traveling approximately 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) to 3315: 3290: 3082: 2941: 2850: 2771: 2418: 1604: 1119: 805: 799: 519: 70:, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. The boat people's first destinations were 3065: 2777: 2478: 888:, City Council President and Thi Be Nguyen, Founder of UniAction, from November 18 to 28, 2015. 191: 1667: 1449: 1393:

Kumin, Judith. "Orderly Departure from Vietnam: Cold War Anomaly or Humanitarian Innovation?"

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before moving them to designated homes in the contiguous United States. Within the same year,

2968: 2927: 1769: 1255: 979: 971: 765: 360:

The number of Vietnamese boat people who died at sea can only be estimated. According to the

210:, thus engendering a steady flow of refugees fleeing all three countries. In 1975, President 1568: 62:). This article uses the term "boat people" to apply only to those who fled Vietnam by sea. 3249: 2587: 2273: 1407: 1232: 1203: 870: 676: 483:

under the Orderly Departure Program or in China or Malaysia. (For complete statistics see

1318: 8: 3171: 3120: 3040: 2950: 2763: 2719: 2450: 963: 789: 440: 378: 317: 242: 107: 38: 2499: 2170:"Khắc tên thuyền nhân trên đài tưởng niệm tại Indonesia - Cộng Đồng - Người Việt Online" 2989: 2914: 2900: 2393: 1214: 1109: 954: 881: 187: 1790: 1353:

https://multimedia.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/3006757/skyluck/index.html

843: 2994: 2904: 2887: 2714: 2482: 2456: 2384:

Chang, Pao-min (1999). "Corruption and Crime in China: Old Problems and New Trends".

1639: 1608: 1484: 1415: 717: 687: 447:

repeatedly denied on the journalists' reportages and the parliament questioning. The

416: 71: 1670:[2022 Justice Investigation Report No. 0025] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: 1538: 3004: 2936: 2757: 2747: 2729: 2445: 1187: 967:

is a 1992 Australian film about raising awareness for the plight of the boat people

812: 402: 342: 230:" where they were to survive by reclaiming land and clearing jungle to grow crops. 1384:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, pp. 83, 84; accessed 8 January 2014

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associated with the former government and military of South Vietnam, were sent to

3220: 3125: 3044: 2831: 2565: 2539: 2506: 1594: 1521: 1239: 1210: 1025: 1008: 885: 752: 692: 615: 448: 428: 2413:

From Every End of This Earth: 13 Families and the New Lives They Made in America

755:, Canada (1995): "Refugee Mother and Child" Monument, Preston Street at Somerset 150: 2999: 2973: 2923: 1629: 1552:

http://www.unhcr.or.id/en/news-and-views/photo-galleries/29-galang-refugee-camp

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Desbarats, J. "Population Redistribution in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"

919: 907: 758: 696: 645: 641: 626: 622: 321: 313: 175: 118:

involuntarily. Programs and facilities to carry out resettlement included the

75: 26: 2196:"Queensland khánh thành tượng đài thuyền nhân - Cộng Đồng - Người Việt Online" 3284: 2896: 2767: 2651: 2633: 2267: 2265: 1488: 1153: 828: 822: 458:

Another international refugee conference in Geneva in June 1989 produced the

374: 183: 2475:

Voices of Vietnamese Boat People: Nineteen Narratives of Escape and Survival

3014: 1671: 1356:

Skyluck, the Ship That Smuggled 2,600 Boatpeople to Hong Kong - and Freedom

649: 463: 114: 2262: 2610: 1228: 1013: 995: 946: 899: 710:

Vietnamese refugees arrive in Hamburg, summer of 1986 on the rescue ship

636: 346: 211: 87: 54: 2397: 1841:

of inauguration ceremony on the site of the Ministry of Interior Germany

922:, the mayor of Almere, on 30 April 2016 at the Vạn Hạnh Pagoda, a local 565: 987: 570: 386: 234: 163: 99: 1433: 1379: 1158:"Re-education in Unliberated Vietnam: Loneliness, Suffering and Death" 1135: 2645: 2306: 2271: 1564: 895: 864: 853: 793: 783: 580: 574: 471: 199: 91: 79: 1191: 975:

is a 2004 film about Vietnamese refugees and their journey to the US

504: 2441: 1204:"Hanoi Regime Reported Resolved to Oust Nearly All Ethnic Chinese," 923: 470:

Departure Program, especially of former re-education camp inmates,

203: 95: 83: 1477:"THAI PIRATES CONTINUING BRUTAL ATTACKS ON VIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE" 771: 1475:

Crossette, Barbara; Times, Special To the New York (1982-01-11).

1114: 959:

is a 1982 Hong Kong film based on research on Vietnamese refugees

860: 816: 777: 656: 585: 289: 262: 143: 50: 46: 2422:

Après Hanoï: Les mémoires brouillés d'une princesse vietnamienne

2111: 333:

Boat people had to face storms, diseases, starvation, and elude

2545:

Oral History Interviews with 15 Canadian Vietnamese Boat People

1638:] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Puomo Digital Publishing. 1281:

Jefferson, NC: MacFarland Publishing Company, 2010, pp. 142-143

891: 849: 837: 424: 334: 258: 2579: 2424:(novel, on Vietnamese woman and her boat people family), 2011. 936:, Australia (February 2021): "Vietnamese Boat People Monument" 186:. Most of the evacuees were resettled in the United States in 998:

that describes the departure of the boat people from Vietnam.

721:

Bunk beds used by Vietnamese refugees inside the rescue ship

436: 2453:: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States 2305:(in Dutch). Omroep Flevoland (government of the province of 2513:

The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Boat People No Longer

2350: 207: 195: 2550:

Vietnam's boat people: 25 years of fears, hopes and dreams

2056:"Tường thuật buổi lễ Khánh Thành Tượng Đài Tị Nạn Hamburg" 1877:"Khánh thành Bia tị nạn tưởng niệm thuyền nhân ở nước Đức" 1601:

8-year Diary of the Chief of the General Staff (1981–1989)

2553: 2000:"Thành phố Westminster và Tượng-đài Thuyền-nhân Việt-Nam" 1980:(in Vietnamese). Garden Grove, California. April 29, 2015 451:

made the refugee boats extinct on northbound afterwards.

2527: 2392:(1). Institute for National Security Strategy: 221–268. 2296: 2294: 2532: 2272:Ủy Ban Xây Dựng Tượng Đài Thuyền Nhân (30 April 2016). 1060: 1058: 1056: 170:

take Vietnamese refugees from a small craft, April 1975

162:

South China Sea - crewmen of the amphibious cargo ship

918:) started construction in 2012 and was inaugurated by 266:

often had false starts before they managed to escape.

2431:, Jefferson, NC: MacFarland Publishing Company, 2010. 2291: 1360:. South China Morning Post; accessed 21 December 2023 596:

had established), they would be allowed to emigrate.

1636:

The Taiwan you don't know: Stories of ROC Arm Forces

1233:"Vietnam Goes on Trial in Geneva Over its Refugees," 1053: 873:, Australia (December 2, 2012) by Phillip Piperides. 1078: 494: 2559:Courage & Inspiration: Boat people Documentary 2249:"Commemorating the arrival of Vietnamese refugees" 732:Greeting Vietnamese refugees from the rescue ship 695:dedicated by Vietnamese refugees giving thanks to 443:. The boat was burnt, evidence destroyed, and the 174:The Vietnam War ended on April 30, 1975, with the 102:from Vietnam, many of whom fled by boat to China. 19:"Boat people" redirects here. For other uses, see 2327: 1539:http://www.terengganutourism.com/pulau_bidong.htm 1313: 1311: 3282: 2406:The Vietnamese boat people and international law 1770:"Bản Tin Liên Hội Nhân Quyền Việt Nam ở Thụy Sĩ" 1541:, accessed 15 January 2014; Thompson, pp 156-160 1143:, pp. 81-84, 87, 92, 97; accessed 8 January 2014 477: 1427: 584:Memorial and tribute of Vietnamese refugees in 1749:"Then and Now: Artist Trung Pham from Vietnam" 1474: 1308: 904:Cộng Đồng Việt Nam Tỵ Nạn Cộng Sản Tại Hòa Lan 216:Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act 2595: 2246: 1918:Hulls unveils Vietnamese Boat People Memorial 1141:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 644:and would have to be screened to qualify for 423:to depart to continue sailing. It arrived in 355:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 297:, in February 1979 (2,651 refugees), and the 142:A family of Vietnamese refugees rescued by a 2351:"Vietnamese Boat People Monument - Adelaide" 2303:"Monument voor Vietnamese bootvluchtelingen" 1406: 1071:, July 20, 1986. See generally Nghia M. Vo, 994:"Plus près des étoiles" is a French song by 666:The market reforms of Vietnam, the imminent 609:refugee camps were set up in its territories 328: 3131:Normalization of US–Vietnam relations 2473:Mary Terrell Cargill and Jade Quang Huynh, 2328:Public Art Foundation, Greater Des Moines. 2300: 1156:; Denney, Stephen (October–November 1982). 1152: 1131: 1129: 533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 409: 362:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 68:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2602: 2588: 2247:International, Radio Canada (7 May 2015). 916:Tượng Đài Thuyền Nhân Việt Nam tại Hòa Lan 912:Monument voor Vietnamese bootvluchtelingen 53:by boat and ship following the end of the 2575:Exodus of Refugees Reaches Its Last Stage 2415:(novel, a.o. on Vietnamese family), 2009. 1563: 553:Learn how and when to remove this message 2455:New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998. 1126: 739: 727: 716: 705: 686: 579: 564: 316:convened an international conference in 233:Repression was especially severe on the 157: 149: 137: 25: 3152:Opposition to United States involvement 2568:by Les Films de l'Hydre and UniAction, 2429:Refugee Workers in the Indochina Exodus 1319:"Cultures - Canadian Museum of History" 1279:Refugee Workers in the Indochina Exodus 287:in December 1978 (3,318 refugees), the 30:Vietnamese boat people awaiting rescue. 3283: 1455:. South China Morning Post. p. 1. 1450:"Vietnam escape trail paved with gold" 1075:(2006), 1954 and 1975-1992, McFarland. 269: 2583: 2383: 2222:"Boat people say 'thanks, Australia'" 1603:] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: 1447: 1084: 1031:Mass killings under communist regimes 940: 786:, Germany (May 2007) (tháng 5, 2007) 154:Rescued Vietnamese being given water. 3265: 2030:: Khánh-thành tượng-đài Westminster" 1835:Report (Gedenkstein der Dankbarkeit) 1627: 1441: 531:adding citations to reliable sources 498: 399:Philippine Refugee Processing Center 124:Philippine Refugee Processing Center 2869:U.S. escalation / "Americanization" 2408:, Nathan: Griffith University, 1981 2137:" Khánh thành tượng đài thuyền nhân 1930:"Archive of Vietnamese Boat People" 1695:, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2004, p. 320, 323 1665: 1659: 1628:Guan, Ren-jian (1 September 2011). 1592: 1435:State of the World's Refugees, 2000 1381:State of the World's Refugees, 2000 1137:State of the World's Refugees, 2000 808:(April 2009), by ViVi Vo Hung Kiet. 474:children, and to reunify families. 13: 2798:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt 2467: 2361:from the original on 26 April 2022 14: 3352: 2793:North Vietnamese invasion of Laos 2493: 2386:The Journal of East Asian Affairs 1708:, London: Zed Books, 1998, p. 193 1528:, Table 6.1B, lines 730, 749-751. 1522:Statistics of Vietnamese Democide 1186:, Vol 13, No 1, 1987, pp. 43-76. 1183:Population and Development Review 16:Refugees who fled Vietnam by boat 3264: 3255: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3147:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War 2533:Archive of Vietnamese Boatpeople 1951:"Thuyền nhân khúc ruột ngàn dặm" 1666:Gao, Yong-cheng (13 July 2022). 1593:Hau, Pei-tsun (1 January 2000). 1397:, Vol. 27, No. 1 (2008), p. 104. 1304:from the original on 2016-03-04. 1122:from the original on 2021-11-18. 834:Washington, D.C., United States. 503: 495:Vietnamese refugees resettlement 445:ROC Ministry of National Defense 439:Island on March 7, known as the 367: 239:China's 1979 invasion of Vietnam 2783:Vietnamese migration of 1954–55 2609: 2377: 2343: 2321: 2240: 2214: 2188: 2162: 2141: 2126: 2100: 2074: 2048: 2018: 1992: 1964: 1943: 1922: 1911: 1890: 1869: 1844: 1825: 1804: 1783: 1762: 1741: 1728: 1711: 1698: 1685: 1621: 1586: 1557: 1544: 1531: 1514: 1507:UNHCR "The Adventures of Len", 1501: 1468: 1459: 1400: 1387: 1373: 1364: 1345: 1332: 1284: 1271: 1248: 3032:United States prisoners of war 2518:Boat people - a refugee crisis 1222: 1196: 1174: 1146: 1102: 1090: 761:, Switzerland (February 2006). 618:to settle in those countries. 573:in late April 1984, placed in 1: 3215:Henry Kissinger’s involvement 2330:"Robert D. Ray Asian Gardens" 2301:Friedlander (30 April 2016). 1292:"Indochina Refugee Situation" 1046: 1036:Vietnamese refugees in Israel 478:Resettlement and repatriation 133: 3321:Aftermath of the Vietnam War 1448:Chang, Harold (1977-06-26). 1110:"REWIND: Operation New Life" 819:), Germany (September 2009). 682: 631:Comprehensive Plan of Action 460:Comprehensive Plan of Action 128:Comprehensive Plan of Action 21:Boat people (disambiguation) 7: 2823:Independence Palace bombing 1723:Far Eastern Economic Review 1573:Security Bureau (Hong Kong) 1265:Far Eastern Economic Review 1262:, accessed 8 January 2014; 1002: 390:last refugee left in 1991. 10: 3357: 3205:Canada and the Vietnam War 2874:1965 South Vietnamese coup 2682:People's Republic of China 2662:International participants 2082:"Ngày tri ân nhân dân Đức" 1693:Journal of Refugee Studies 1554:, accessed 14 January 2013 1414:, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1073:The Vietnamese Boat People 672:People's Republic of China 435:, then was slaughtered on 18: 3240: 3210:CIA activities in Vietnam 3192: 3139: 3096: 3058: 2982: 2806: 2740: 2707: 2626: 2617: 2427:Thompson, Larry Clinton, 1041:Wet feet, dry feet policy 934:Adelaide, South Australia 796:), Australia (June 2008). 780:, Germany (October 2006). 593:Orderly Departure Program 569:Escape boat saved by the 329:Pirates and other hazards 202:forces gained control of 120:Orderly Departure Program 3232:Women in the Vietnam War 3164:United States news media 3109:Indochina refugee crisis 3104:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 2879:Bombing of North Vietnam 2818:Strategic Hamlet Program 2133:"Hướng về tương lai với 1520:Rummel, Rudolph (1997), 1395:Refugee Survey Quarterly 1342:. Blacksmith Books, 2021 1277:Thompson, Larry Clinton 1162:The Indochina Newsletter 825:, Indonesia (demolished) 802:, France (May 11, 2008). 792:(Jensen Park Reserve of 485:Indochina refugee crisis 431:but was rejected by the 410:1980s surge and response 180:People's Army of Vietnam 60:Indochina refugee crisis 3301:20th century in Vietnam 2851:Gulf of Tonkin incident 2772:Battle of Dien Bien Phu 2500:Through My Eyes Website 2479:McFarland & Company 2419:Georges Claude Guilbert 2226:Perth Voice Interactive 1704:Robinson, W. Courtland 1605:Commonwealth Publishing 1569:"世界最後一個越南難民中心關閉標誌歷史新紀元" 1268:December 22, 1978, p. 1 930:for their resettlement. 902:(30 April 2016) by the 806:Westminster, California 800:Bagneux, Hauts-de-Seine 401:was established on the 3260:Battles and operations 3200:Awards and decorations 3114:Vietnamese boat people 3083:Impact of Agent Orange 3071:Body count controversy 2778:1954 Geneva Conference 1725:, June 23, 1978, p. 20 1550:"Galang Refugee Camp" 1526:Statistics of Democide 774:, Belgium (July 2006). 745: 737: 725: 714: 703: 675:right of abode by the 629:. In this crisis, the 588: 577: 421:Immigration Department 192:Operation New Arrivals 171: 155: 147: 42: 35:Vietnamese boat people 31: 3341:Refugees in Hong Kong 3331:Refugees in Indonesia 2969:1975 spring offensive 2928:ARVN campaign in Laos 2924:Vietnamization policy 1370:Thompson, pp. 150–152 1256:Texas Tech University 980:Journey from the Fall 972:The Beautiful Country 768:, US (February 2006). 766:Santa Ana, California 743: 731: 720: 709: 691:Bronze plaque in the 690: 668:handover of Hong Kong 583: 568: 161: 153: 141: 29: 3326:Refugees in Malaysia 3306:Vietnamese migration 3088:Environmental impact 2960:Battle of Phước Long 2725:Cold War (1962–1979) 2176:on September 7, 2012 2149:"Vietluanonline.com" 871:Brisbane, Queensland 699:and the rescue ship 677:Hong Kong Government 527:improve this section 417:Hong Kong government 43:Thuyền nhân Việt Nam 3311:Vietnamese refugees 3296:Vietnamese diaspora 3168:In popular culture 3121:Sino-Vietnamese War 2951:Paris Peace Accords 2764:First Indochina War 2753:Japanese occupation 2720:Cambodian Civil War 2451:Growing Up American 1977:Việt Báo Daily News 1898:"BBCVietnamese.com" 1852:"Tượng đài Hamburg" 1511:May 1983, pp. 87-92 1243:The New York Times, 1016:and the boat people 640:refugees, but only 379:Galang Refugee Camp 318:Geneva, Switzerland 301:, disguised as the 293:, disguised as the 270:Exodus in 1978–1979 243:Sino-Vietnamese War 108:developed countries 2942:Christmas bombings 2915:Cambodian campaign 2564:2016-02-05 at the 2538:2012-05-31 at the 2505:2011-10-04 at the 2202:on 9 December 2014 2135:Niềm Mơ Ước của Mẹ 1738:, Appendix 1 and 2 1721:Appendix 1 and 2; 1481:The New York Times 1238:2015-09-24 at the 1215:The New York Times 1209:2015-09-24 at the 1202:Butterfield, Fox, 948:Postcards from Nam 941:In popular culture 882:Montreal City Hall 746: 738: 726: 715: 704: 589: 578: 228:New Economic Zones 224:re-education camps 188:Operation New Life 172: 156: 148: 32: 3278: 3277: 2995:Ho Chi Minh trail 2888:Buddhist Uprising 2846:Coup against Minh 2837:Coup against Diem 2760:(1949–1955) 2715:Laotian Civil War 2708:Related conflicts 2687:Republic of China 2528:Boat People S.O.S 2487:978-0-7864-0785-9 2461:978-0-87154-995-2 2404:Martin Tsamenyi, 2108:"Tượng đài Bussy" 2062:on 1 October 2009 1509:Refugees Magazine 1421:978-0-14-005531-3 1118:. April 7, 2016. 1067:, June 23, 1979, 563: 562: 555: 3348: 3268: 3267: 3258: 3257: 3248: 3247: 3005:Operation Popeye 2937:Easter Offensive 2758:State of Vietnam 2748:French Indochina 2730:Cold War in Asia 2638:Việt Minh / PAVN 2604: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2524:Archives footage 2446:Carl L. Bankston 2401: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2298: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2198:. Archived from 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2172:. Archived from 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2145: 2139: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2110:. Archived from 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2088:on 25 March 2012 2084:. Archived from 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2058:. Archived from 2052: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2032:. Archived from 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2002:. Archived from 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1926: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1854:. Archived from 1848: 1842: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1726: 1715: 1709: 1702: 1696: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1668:"111司調0025 調查報告" 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1567:(17 July 2000). 1561: 1555: 1548: 1542: 1537:"Bidong Island" 1535: 1529: 1518: 1512: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1445: 1439: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1404: 1398: 1391: 1385: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1349: 1343: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1296: 1288: 1282: 1275: 1269: 1252: 1246: 1226: 1220: 1200: 1194: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1150: 1144: 1133: 1124: 1123: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1065:Associated Press 1062: 813:Landungsbruecken 558: 551: 547: 544: 538: 507: 499: 403:Bataan Peninsula 377:in Malaysia and 343:Gulf of Thailand 3356: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3336:Refugees by war 3281: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3236: 3221:Pentagon Papers 3188: 3135: 3092: 3054: 2978: 2832:Buddhist crisis 2802: 2788:1955 referendum 2736: 2703: 2622: 2613: 2608: 2566:Wayback Machine 2540:Wayback Machine 2507:Wayback Machine 2496: 2470: 2468:Further reading 2380: 2375: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2355:www.vbpm.com.au 2349: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2299: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2228:. 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2047: 2036:on May 1, 2009 2017: 2006:on 31 May 2009 1991: 1963: 1942: 1921: 1910: 1889: 1868: 1843: 1824: 1803: 1782: 1761: 1740: 1727: 1710: 1697: 1684: 1658: 1644: 1620: 1613: 1585: 1556: 1543: 1530: 1513: 1500: 1467: 1458: 1440: 1426: 1420: 1399: 1386: 1372: 1363: 1344: 1331: 1307: 1283: 1270: 1247: 1245:July 22, 1979. 1221: 1219:July 12, 1979. 1195: 1173: 1154:Sagan, Ginetta 1145: 1125: 1101: 1089: 1087:, p. 227. 1077: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1020:Bắt đầu từ nay 1017: 1011: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 992: 984: 976: 968: 960: 952: 942: 939: 938: 937: 931: 927: 920:Franc Weerwind 914:; Vietnamese: 889: 877: 874: 868: 857: 847: 841: 835: 832: 826: 820: 809: 803: 797: 787: 781: 775: 769: 762: 759:Grand-Saconnex 756: 697:Rupert Neudeck 684: 681: 646:refugee status 642:asylum seekers 627:asylum seekers 623:Southeast Asia 561: 560: 511: 509: 502: 496: 493: 479: 476: 441:Lieyu Massacre 411: 408: 381:in Indonesia. 369: 366: 330: 327: 322:Walter Mondale 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