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391:"A large portion of the scientific community" concurs that NASA is not "expanding our scientific understanding of the universe" in "the most effective or cost-efficient way." Proponents for VSE argue that a permanent settlement on the moon would drastically reduce costs for further space exploration missions. President George W. Bush voiced this sentiment when the vision was first announced (see quote above), and the
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far lower gravity using far less energy, and thus, far less cost. Also, the moon is home to abundant resources. Its soil contains raw materials that might be harvested and processed into rocket fuel or breathable air. We can use our time on the moon to develop and test new approaches and technologies and systems that will allow us to function in other, more challenging environments.
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without any planned alternatives, in 2011 ended virtually all US capability for reusable launch vehicles. This severely limited any future of low Earth orbit or deep space exploration. Ultimately, the lack of proper funding caused the VSE to fall short of its original goals, leaving many projects behind schedule as
President George W. Bush's term in office ended.
102:
and beyond; extend human presence across the Solar System, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations; develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support decisions about
387:
Keith Cowan wrote in 2014, "The damage done to
America and the rest of the world by unsustainable deficits is real, and any lack of zeal in facing this problem would be a mistake. In that context, this would be a good time for Congress to look again at Bush's plans for NASA to re-establish a human
145:
Establishing an extended human presence on the moon could vastly reduce the costs of further space exploration, making possible ever more ambitious missions. Lifting heavy spacecraft and fuel out of the Earth's gravity is expensive. Spacecraft assembled and provisioned on the moon could escape its
356:
Another concern noted is that funding for VSE could instead be harnessed to advance science and technology, such as in aeronautics, commercial spacecraft and launch vehicle technology, environmental monitoring, and biomedical sciences. However, VSE itself is poised to propel a host of beneficial
383:
The VSE budget required termination the Space
Shuttle by 2010 and of any US role in the International Space Station by 2017. This would have required, even in the most optimistic plans, a period of years without human spaceflight capability from the US. Termination of the Space Shuttle program,
313:. The preliminary design review was completed in February 2006 and the critical design review was completed in November 2006. An important function of the orbiter will be to look for further evidence that the increased concentrations of hydrogen discovered at the Moon's poles is in the form of
419:
As
Tumlinson additionally notes, the goal is to "open space ... to human settlement ... to create ways to harvest the resources ... not only saving this precious planet, but also ... assuring our survival." Regarding "the Moon, NASA should support early exploration now. ... "
388:
presence in deep space. The outgoing
Republican Congress gave its Republican president too much benefit of the doubt on this undertaking. The new Congress must, at the very least, articulate more convincing reasons than have yet been heard for such a colossal expenditure."
352:
In
February 2009, the Aerospace Technology Working Group released an in-depth report asserting that the Vision had several fundamental problems with regard to politics, financing, and general space policy issues and that the initiative should be rectified or replaced.
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priority is to begin development of the knowledge and identification of the industries unique to the Moon, because "such industries can provide economic leverage and support for NASA activities, saving the government millions."
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is a supporter of the Vision, but modified it somewhat, saying that he wants to reduce the four-year gap between the retirement of the Space
Shuttle and the first crewed mission of the Crew Exploration Vehicle.
236:, to begin development of the knowledge and identification of the industries unique to the Moon. The NSS believes that the Moon may be a repository of the history and possible future of Earth, and that the six
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missions by 2008 and crewed missions by 2020, and use lunar exploration to develop and test new approaches and technologies useful for supporting sustained exploration of Mars and beyond; explore
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174:. While simultaneously serving as a proving ground for a wide range of space operations and processes, the Moon may serve as a cost-effective construction, launching and fueling site for future
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With or without VSE, human spaceflight will be made sustainable. However, without VSE, more funds could be directed toward reducing human spaceflight costs sufficiently for the betterment of
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
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voiced criticism for NASA's vision and objectives, stating that the goal of sending astronauts back to the Moon was "more like reaching for past glory than striving for new triumphs".
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Throughout much of 2004, it was unclear whether the U.S. Congress would be willing to approve and fund the Vision for Space
Exploration. However, in November 2004, Congress passed a
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NASA's "Lunar
Architecture" forms a key part of its Global Exploration Strategy, also known as the Vision for Space Exploration. The first part of the Lunar Architecture is the
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the destinations for human exploration; and to promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests.
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and other destinations with robotic and crewed missions; pursue commercial transportation to support the
International Space Station and missions beyond low Earth orbit.
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landings only scratched the surface of that "treasure". According to NSS, the Moon's far side, permanently shielded from the noisy Earth, is an ideal site for future
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Cover page of report of Aldridge Commission, Report of the President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy, 2004
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259:(Republican–Florida) said, "I think this is the best thing that has happened to the space program in decades." Though physicist and outspoken
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announced by the President states that "robotic missions will serve as trailblazers—the advanced guard to the unknown." Others, such as the
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170:'s enormous, unprecedented cargo-carrying capacity – transporting future space exploration resources to the Moon's weaker
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which gave NASA the $ 16.2 billion that President Bush had sought to kick-start the Vision. According to then-NASA chief
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The Vision for Space Exploration sought to implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the
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213:. All of the Apollo missions have landed on the near side. Unique products may be producible in the nearly extreme
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and the scientific community gave it a mix of positive and negative reviews. For example, U.S. Representative
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stated that robotic spacecraft "are doing so well it's going to be hard to justify sending a human," the
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research, business, and tourism. Alternatively, VSE could afford advances in other scientific research (
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244:(for example, signals in the 1–10 MHz range cannot be detected on Earth because of
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Two planned configurations for a return to the Moon: heavy lift (left) and crew (right)
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activities, including lunar telescopes, selenological studies and solar energy beams.
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952:"Lunar Space Elevators for Cislunar Space Development Phase I Final Technical Report"
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Van Susante, P. J.; Imhof, B.; S. Mohanty; H.J. Rombaut; J. Volp (December 1, 2002).
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experiments. The Moon would also become a proving ground toward the development of
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In pursuit of these goals, the Vision called for the space program to complete the
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President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy
1181:"Sustainable Space Exploration and Space Development – A Unified Strategic Vision"
225:, or "living off the land" (i.e., self-sufficiency) for permanent human outposts.
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Concept art by NASA of two people in suits on Mars setting up weather equipment.
122:) by 2008, and conduct its first human spaceflight mission by 2014; explore the
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An artist's conception, from NASA, of an astronaut planting a US flag on Mars.
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of the lunar surface, and the Moon's remoteness is the ultimate isolation for
35:) was a plan for space exploration announced on January 14, 2004 by President
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1434:
412:
252:
233:
191:
178:
missions. For example, future Ares V missions could cost-effectively deliver
171:
163:
9659:
7772:
7767:
7700:
7663:
6910:
6003:
5661:
4783:
4773:
4548:
4115:
3216:
3196:
3178:
2973:
2071:
1752:
974:
358:
271:
179:
99:
75:
67:
4726:
756:
686:
162:
contended, to embody a "sustainable course of long-term exploration." The
9809:
9783:
8889:
7430:
7418:
7406:
7269:
7216:
6996:
6522:
6128:
6022:
5819:
5644:
5496:
5301:
5148:
3510:
3386:
3264:
3072:
3062:
2361:
2333:
2284:
2200:
949:
346:
256:
159:
2871:
510:
432:
7720:
5548:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
5231:
4850:
4823:
4241:
3943:
3936:
3451:
3284:
3221:
545:
A human-spaceflight interplanetary spacecraft arrives near planet Mars.
245:
187:
183:
916:
405:
United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
9463:
9451:
9415:
9116:
8681:
8307:
8295:
7276:
6940:
6803:
6664:
6578:
5901:
5489:
4872:
4658:
4631:
4479:
4391:
4251:
4220:
4213:
4010:
3908:
3662:
3206:
950:
Pearson, Jerome; Eugene Levin; John Oldson & Harry Wykes (2005).
369:
342:
314:
83:
5531:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
7478:
7442:
7324:
6672:
5457:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
5246:
5170:
4982:
3115:
2999:
2115:
1423:"The Vision for Space Exploration" Original Document, February 2004
757:"President Bush Announces New Vision for Space Exploration Program"
687:"President Bush Announces New Vision for Space Exploration Program"
337:
NASA's 2004 budget projections for the Vision for Space Exploration
2827:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
19:
8946:
8575:
7538:
7348:
6677:
5745:
5180:
5099:
4173:
4163:
4066:
3505:
3147:
1200:
1198:
1129:"NASA Unveils Global Exploration Strategy and Lunar Architecture"
377:
310:
232:(NSS), a return to the Moon should be considered a high priority
541:
7562:
7490:
7454:
7382:
7336:
7300:
7288:
7150:
5916:
5341:
4207:
4138:
3635:
3500:
3023:
2521:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
611:
322:
214:
201:
167:
2774:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
1195:
9676:
9562:
7586:
7574:
7466:
7394:
7312:
7138:
6793:
6534:
5633:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
5331:
5068:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
4231:
4004:
3968:
3963:
3754:
3152:
155:
1479:
1412:
407:
advocating this particular perspective. The reason that the
9140:
8882:
8408:
8045:
7598:
7360:
6901:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
5535:
3326:
2906:
1382:
895:
851:
760:
722:
131:
123:
52:
6563:
5447:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
3057:
2555:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
154:
is to gain significant experience in operating away from
7015:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
6906:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5526:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
3295:
209:
NASA has also outlined plans for human missions to the
5485:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
2724:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
2477:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
2408:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
1407:
7778:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
6921:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
2562:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
5575:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
2174:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
553:
484:
NASA concept of Mars-crew analyzing a sample (2004).
380:
lunar business industries, and lunar-space tourism.
1432:
251:When the Vision was announced in January 2004, the
7785:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
6896:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
5565:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5543:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
7026:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
6886:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
501:
9823:
7880:
6881:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
2327:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
1745:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
1052:"Congress Grants $ 16.2 Billion Budget for NASA"
7009:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
5536:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
5410:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
55:, and as a way to regain public enthusiasm for
6293:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
5078:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
5034:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
2659:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
2629:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
1103:"A Message From Administrator Michael Griffin"
878:"Ares V: Refining a New Heavy Lift Capability"
789:. Constellation Program Office. Archived from
710:
708:
166:are a cost-effective approach – entailing the
9798:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7866:
6844:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
6816:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
5651:Creation of the British National Space Centre
5039:European Space Research and Technology Centre
4949:
4939:
4742:
3311:
2887:
1465:
1026:"The Mars Society Frequently Asked Questions"
842:
840:
838:
836:
751:
749:
747:
5090:European Space Security and Education Centre
2687:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
2666:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
2599:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
1139:
943:
9867:2010 disestablishments in the United States
6931:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
6891:International Mobile Satellite Organization
6771:Politics of the International Space Station
5406:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
4756:
2613:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
2236:Government response to September 11 attacks
2222:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
890:Williams, Dr. David R. (February 2, 2006).
813:
811:
705:
7873:
7859:
6926:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
6916:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
6263:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
5680:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
5003:European Launcher Development Organisation
4749:
4735:
3690:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
3318:
3304:
2894:
2880:
2652:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
2194:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
1472:
1458:
833:
744:
309:, which launched in June 2009 on board an
7003:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
6849:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
6789:International Civil Aviation Organization
6331:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
6228:Launch of the Space Launch System program
6223:Cancellation of the Constellation program
4584:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
2901:
2606:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
2229:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
1863:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1179:Hsu, Feng; Cox, Ken (February 20, 2009).
9862:2004 establishments in the United States
6383:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
1443:) is being considered for deletion. See
889:
808:
781:
679:
540:
332:
328:
289:, which explicitly endorsed the Vision.
200:
141:George W. Bush addressed the following:
82:in March 2018, and finally by President
39:. It was conceived as a response to the
18:
7032:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
6154:2002 National missile defense directive
5507:Council of European Aerospace Societies
5389:Western European Union Satellite Centre
4669:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
2834:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
2571:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
1596:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
1204:
411:regards a return to the Moon as a high
9824:
7805:International Astronautical Federation
6586:
6114:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
5522:European Committee for Standardization
5134:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
3457:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
3138:Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition
3121:Mars Analogue Research Station Program
2731:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
2341:Secondary Security Screening Selection
1403:NASA: The Vision for Space Exploration
1237:
1178:
1145:
617:Exploration Systems Architecture Study
7854:
7800:International Academy of Astronautics
7021:International Docking System Standard
6866:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
6859:International Planetary Data Alliance
6766:International Space Station programme
6488:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
6398:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
5690:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
5452:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
5129:Space Situational Awareness Programme
4730:
4247:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
3299:
2875:
2271:National Construction Safety Team Act
2030:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1453:
1339:
1337:
1335:
970:"Nasa to put man on far side of moon"
967:
300:
7795:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
5810:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
5017:European Space Research Organisation
4709:
2804:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
2703:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
2320:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1428:Vision for Space Exploration Gallery
1183:. Aerospace Technology Working Group
898:(National Space Science Data Center)
883:
505:
427:
16:2004 US human space exploration plan
6654:United Rocket and Space Corporation
6308:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
6188:Launch of the Constellation program
5912:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
2493:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
1970:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
910:
13:
7748:Air & Space Forces Association
6388:Antennas & Propagation Society
5596:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
5517:European Civil Aviation Conference
3363:National Aeronautics and Space Act
2645:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
2541:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
1912:Dominican Republic–Central America
1332:
1238:Cowing, Keith (16 November 2006).
968:Leake, Jonathan (March 19, 2006).
782:Connolly, John F. (October 2006).
716:"The Vision for Space Exploration"
228:In a position paper issued by the
137:Outlining some of the advantages,
88:preliminary space policy proposals
66:" was replaced first by President
14:
9878:
9842:Space policy of the United States
6821:General Assembly Fourth Committee
6809:Space Generation Advisory Council
6243:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
5417:EU Agency for the Space Programme
5166:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
5139:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
4966:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
4908:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
4317:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3871:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
2918:List of crewed Mars mission plans
2215:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
1447:to help reach a consensus. ›
1376:
1319:Testimony to United States Senate
1146:Aldrin, Buzz (December 5, 2003).
1028:. marssociety.org. Archived from
74:in April 2010, then by President
9777:
9765:
9753:
9741:
9729:
9717:
9694:
9682:
9670:
9570:
9551:
9524:
9512:
9493:
9481:
9457:
9445:
9433:
9421:
9409:
9386:
9374:
9362:
9348:
9336:
9324:
9312:
9273:
9261:
9249:
9237:
9225:
9213:
9201:
9189:
9177:
9165:
9146:
9134:
9122:
9110:
9098:
9086:
9067:
9055:
9043:
9031:
9019:
9005:
8993:
8900:
8830:
8811:
8792:
8773:
8754:
8735:
8723:
8711:
8699:
8687:
8675:
8652:
8640:
8628:
8616:
8604:
8592:
8569:
8557:
8528:
8516:
8493:
8481:
8457:
8445:
8433:
8421:
8402:
8348:
8325:
8301:
8289:
8232:
8220:
8191:
8179:
8167:
8155:
8143:
8118:
8106:
8094:
8082:
8070:
8051:
8039:
8027:
7993:
7981:
7969:
7957:
7938:
7926:
7810:International Astronomical Union
7632:
7620:
7608:
7597:
7585:
7573:
7561:
7537:
7513:
7501:
7489:
7477:
7465:
7453:
7441:
7429:
7417:
7405:
7393:
7381:
7359:
7347:
7335:
7323:
7311:
7299:
7287:
7275:
7173:
7161:
7149:
7137:
6633:Medvedev modernisation programme
6336:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
6004:1985 anti-satellite missile test
5668:Space Innovation and Growth Team
5413:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
5095:European Space Operations Centre
5056:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4708:
4697:
4696:
4612:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
4370:Space Flight Operations Facility
3556:Operations and Checkout Building
3022:
2422:Criticism of government response
2401:Higher Education Opportunity Act
2292:President's Surveillance Program
1207:"Practical Benefits for America"
919:Highlights on Lunar Base Designs
876:Creech, Steve and Phil Sumrall.
854:. April 29, 2009. Archived from
784:"Constellation Program Overview"
602:Crew Space Transportation System
570:
556:
509:
489:
477:
465:
431:
150:One of the stated goals for the
7059:Astronomical naming conventions
5984:Strategy of Technology doctrine
5756:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
5674:Creation of the UK Space Agency
5124:European Space Policy Institute
5084:European Space Astronomy Centre
3831:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
2818:Renewable Identification Number
2636:Forest Land Enhancement Program
2578:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
2500:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
2278:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
1364:
1355:
1346:
1283:
1253:
1231:
1172:
1121:
1095:
1070:
1044:
1018:
998:
961:
725:. February 2004. Archived from
7790:British Interplanetary Society
7753:Alliance for Space Development
6876:Global Standards Collaboration
6799:Office for Outer Space Affairs
6326:China exclusion policy of NASA
5994:Space Station Freedom proposal
5907:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
4977:Planetary Exploration of China
4801:Planetary protection principle
2964:Austere Human Missions to Mars
2790:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
2710:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
2673:Pension Protection Act of 2006
2507:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
2470:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
2392:Election Assistance Commission
2299:Terrorist Surveillance Program
2208:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
1703:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
1393:NASA Authorization Act of 2005
870:
821:. space.com. 19 September 2005
819:"FAQ: Bush's New Space Vision"
775:
502:Interplanetary human transport
423:
287:NASA Authorization Act of 2005
1:
6973:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
6303:Launch of the Artemis program
6233:Redesign of the Orion program
6149:Aerospace Industry Commission
5845:Launch of the Mariner program
5570:European Southern Observatory
5270:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
3085:Mars Design Reference Mission
2694:Troubled Asset Relief Program
2585:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
2313:Homeland Security Act of 2002
673:
186:and missions to a Moon-based
78:'s "National Space Strategy"
7882:Public-sector space agencies
7054:Extraterrestrial real estate
6594:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
6494:Soviet crewed lunar programs
6403:Vehicular Technology Society
6393:Broadcast Technology Society
6168:Vision for Space Exploration
6085:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
6043:Space Exploration Initiative
5989:Strategic Defense Initiative
5942:Launch of the Viking program
5855:Launch of the Apollo program
5850:Launch of the Gemini project
5702:Defence in a Competitive Age
5639:Start of the Ariel programme
5553:European Patent Organisation
4649:Space program on U.S. stamps
4574:Gemini and Apollo medallions
4524:Solar System Family Portrait
4300:Joint Polar Satellite System
4169:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3423:Vision for Space Exploration
3393:Space Exploration Initiative
3068:Space Exploration Initiative
3010:Vision for Space Exploration
2969:Mars Piloted Orbital Station
2355:Terrorist Screening Database
2306:NSA warrantless surveillance
2153:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
1998:Vision for Space Exploration
1710:State funeral of Gerald Ford
1481:Presidency of George W. Bush
1440:Presidency of George W. Bush
1131:. NASA. 2006. Archived from
848:"Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle"
667:Space Exploration Initiative
637:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
395:has re-entered testimony by
307:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
223:In-Situ Resource Utilization
64:Vision for Space Exploration
62:The policy outlined by the "
29:Vision for Space Exploration
7:
6871:Group on Earth Observations
6854:Committee on Space Research
6298:Creation of the Space Force
6218:Kennedy Space Center speech
5861:We choose to go to the Moon
5792:Introduction to Outer Space
5512:European Broadcasting Union
4644:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
4601:We choose to go to the Moon
4564:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
4122:International Space Station
4102:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
3841:Great Observatories program
3685:International Space Station
3663:Roscosmos State Corporation
3580:Science Mission Directorate
3526:Manned Space Flight Network
2376:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
2369:Protect America Act of 2007
2160:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
1388:Constellation NASA Web Site
1240:"Nature of Funding the VSE"
1054:. space.com. Archived from
549:
261:crewed spaceflight opponent
108:International Space Station
10:
9883:
7820:Space Exploration Alliance
7049:Common heritage of mankind
6967:Space Liability Convention
6739:North Korean space program
6665:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
6129:Launch of the X-37 program
5979:Citizens' Advisory Council
5073:European Data Relay System
5044:Concurrent Design Facility
4789:Space Debris Working Group
4461:NASA cameras on spacecraft
4272:James Webb Space Telescope
4184:Solar Dynamics Observatory
3405:U.S. National Space Policy
2797:Healthy Forests Initiative
2438:Medicare Modernization Act
2348:Terrorist Screening Center
2243:Rescue and recovery effort
2079:August 2001 daily briefing
1696:Presidential proclamations
1105:. nasa.gov. Archived from
403:offered previously to the
292:Former NASA Administrator
93:
9792:
9709:
9585:
9543:
9401:
8979:
8861:
8854:
8667:
8584:
8508:
8340:
8281:
8265:
8258:
8133:
8019:
8012:
7918:
7895:
7888:
7763:Space Frontier Foundation
7738:
7649:
7258:
7249:
7190:Launch market competition
7122:
6939:
6829:
6781:
6761:Ugandan space initiatives
6696:
6646:
6625:
6577:
6556:
6509:
6461:
6437:
6424:
6417:
6321:
6281:
6201:
6137:
6066:
6031:
5967:
5950:
5925:
5890:
5870:
5833:
5815:Launch of Project Mercury
5764:
5722:
5713:
5621:
5583:
5475:
5379:
5311:
5269:
5193:
5112:Ariane launcher programme
5051:European Astronaut Centre
5009:Europa launcher programme
4993:
4950:
4940:
4896:
4841:
4829:The Spaceguard Foundation
4764:
4692:
4592:
4469:
4384:
4329:
4292:
4091:
3901:
3888:
3818:
3732:
3722:
3677:
3603:
3592:
3536:Vehicle Assembly Building
3444:
3343:
3333:
3230:
3187:
3161:
3100:
3031:
3020:
2982:
2956:
2935:
2926:
2913:
2843:
2753:Clean Boating Act of 2008
2740:
2592:Energy Policy Act of 2005
2530:
2461:Highly qualified teachers
2183:
1877:Trade promotion authority
1822:
1737:Joint session of Congress
1728:
1497:
1488:
1398:NASA: Exploration Systems
397:Space Frontier Foundation
321:will make use of the new
7716:Reconnaissance satellite
7089:International Designator
6756:Philippine space program
6704:Australian space program
6356:Office of Space Commerce
6346:House Committee on Space
6258:Space Shuttle retirement
6213:2009 Augustine Committee
6048:1990 Augustine Committee
5194:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
4779:Space traffic management
4607:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4531:The Day the Earth Smiled
3866:Solar Terrestrial Probes
3325:
2850:← Clinton administration
2454:No Child Left Behind Act
2167:Secure Fence Act of 2006
1624:Supreme Court candidates
1589:Legislation and programs
1445:templates for discussion
1205:Woodard, Daniel (2009).
1078:"NASA Authorization Act"
924:(Report). Archived from
642:Colonization of the Moon
627:Human Lunar Return study
597:Crew Exploration Vehicle
116:Crew Exploration Vehicle
9847:Exploration of the Moon
7830:Space Force Association
7815:Lunar Explorers Society
6985:Registration Convention
6949:Partial Test Ban Treaty
6830:Other intergovernmental
6744:Pakistani space program
6709:Brazilian space program
6079:Faster, better, cheaper
5882:1967 Outer Space Treaty
5685:Space Industry Act 2018
5462:European Defence Agency
5118:Vega launcher programme
5061:Living Planet Programme
4784:Space debris management
4758:Politics of outer space
4664:Other primates in space
4376:Deep Space Atomic Clock
4196:Mars Science Laboratory
3984:Spitzer Space Telescope
3573:Lunar Sample Laboratory
3516:Launch Services Program
3048:Martian Piloted Complex
2811:Renewable Fuel Standard
2065:Pre-attack intelligence
158:'s environment, as the
114:by 2010; develop a new
9857:Human missions to Mars
7758:National Space Society
7659:Space domain awareness
6832:or inter-agency bodies
6734:Lebanese space program
6719:Japanese space program
6660:2014 Military doctrine
6638:2010 Military doctrine
6058:National Space Council
6053:Hubble Space Telescope
5825:Launch of X-15 program
5746:Aerobee rocket program
5696:2021 Integrated Review
5558:European Patent Office
5478:initiatives and bodies
4868:Billionaire space race
4794:Space Debris Committee
4679:National Astronaut Day
4622:The Astronaut Monument
4444:Space Shuttle missions
4144:Mars Exploration Rover
4127:Hubble Space Telescope
4036:Kepler space telescope
3836:Earth Observing System
3810:Mars Exploration Rover
3521:Mercury Control Center
3280:Mars atmospheric entry
2859:Obama administration →
2767:Clear Skies Initiative
1408:National Space Society
546:
409:National Space Society
338:
230:National Space Society
219:biologically hazardous
206:
148:
24:
7840:The Planetary Society
7669:Anti-satellite weapon
7064:ITU Radio Regulations
6714:Emirati space program
6445:Operation Osoaviakhim
6313:Executive Order 13959
6193:Operation Burnt Frost
6124:Decadal Planning Team
5606:Indian ASAT programme
5601:Space Activities Bill
5023:European Space Agency
4995:ESA Science Programme
4806:Post-detection policy
4627:Lunar sample displays
4617:Space Mirror Memorial
4559:Voyager Golden Record
4451:United States rockets
3643: (with the
3551:Launch Control Center
3270:Mars orbit rendezvous
3212:Mars Excursion Module
3169:Caves of Mars Project
2995:Constellation program
2781:Executive Order 13432
2760:Climate change policy
2385:Help America Vote Act
2146:Executive Order 13470
2139:Executive Order 13355
1617:Judicial appointments
1291:"Photo-jsc2004e18859"
1261:"Photo-jsc2004e18853"
1109:on September 13, 2005
1058:on September 13, 2005
647:Constellation program
607:Decadal Planning Team
544:
336:
329:Critical perspectives
204:
152:Constellation program
143:
22:
9804:Soviet space program
7262:units and formations
7232:Project Harvest Moon
6979:Satellite Convention
6839:African Space Agency
6749:Space programme 2040
6729:Kenyan space program
6724:Kazakh space program
5657:Outer Space Act 1986
5645:Black Arrow launcher
5428:Copernicus programme
5401:EU/ESA Space Council
5029:EU/ESA Space Council
4920:Chinese ASAT program
3645:Soviet space program
3563:Johnson Space Center
3531:Kennedy Space Center
3494:spinoff technologies
3275:Terraforming of Mars
3238:Colonization of Mars
2051:Communication issues
2044:September 11 attacks
1760:Mission Accomplished
1295:spaceflight.nasa.gov
1265:spaceflight.nasa.gov
652:Colonization of Mars
622:Google Lunar X Prize
393:United States Senate
325:and Ares V rockets.
211:far side of the Moon
110:by 2010; retire the
9852:Exploration of Mars
8954:Guiana Space Centre
7696:Kinetic bombardment
7222:Space manufacturing
7212:Space-based economy
7185:Private spaceflight
6605:Shuttle–Mir program
6173:Aldridge Commission
6095:Shuttle–Mir program
5803:Space Act Agreement
5734:Operation Paperclip
5591:Department of Space
5584:Indian space policy
5467:Europe by Satellite
5395:EU Satellite Centre
5107:Guiana Space Centre
4851:Cold War space race
4769:Spacefaring nations
4654:Apollo 17 Moon mice
4510:Pillars of Creation
4417:Space Shuttle crews
3895:(human and robotic)
3889:Individual featured
3472:Ranks and positions
3243:Exploration of Mars
2948:SpaceX Mars program
2514:2006 VRA Amendments
1854:by Condoleezza Rice
1840:International trips
1675:Impeachment efforts
1301:on 18 November 2004
1271:on 17 November 2004
1219:on October 28, 2009
1032:on January 26, 2008
986:on February 8, 2007
858:on November 5, 2008
732:on October 25, 2004
7711:Military satellite
7549:Ranks and insignia
7044:Space jurisdiction
6991:Bogota Declaration
6955:Outer Space Treaty
6451:list of scientists
5739:list of scientists
5381:EU Space Programme
4456:NASA cancellations
4351:Deep Space Network
4341:Near Earth Network
3826:Living With a Star
3800:Project Prometheus
3780:Planetary Observer
2717:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
2680:Public Law 110-343
1977:Mexico City policy
1324:2016-03-03 at the
1153:The New York Times
1011:2010-03-25 at the
763:. January 14, 2004
578:Outer space portal
564:Spaceflight portal
547:
521:. You can help by
443:. You can help by
341:In December 2003,
339:
301:Lunar Architecture
207:
128:robotic spacecraft
25:
9832:Human spaceflight
9819:
9818:
9539:
9538:
8850:
8849:
8254:
8253:
8136:and the Caribbean
8008:
8007:
7848:
7847:
7734:
7733:
7726:Satellite jamming
7202:Space advertising
6692:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6573:
6572:
6413:
6412:
6033:George H. W. Bush
5502:Council of Europe
5423:Galileo programme
5375:
5374:
5362:Comet Interceptor
4888:Space competition
4724:
4723:
4637:stolen or missing
4434:uncrewed missions
4412:Apollo astronauts
4407:Gemini astronauts
4325:
4324:
4109:2001 Mars Odyssey
3884:
3883:
3760:Mars Surveyor '98
3718:
3717:
3661: (with
3594:Human spaceflight
3588:
3587:
3546:Launch Complex 48
3541:Launch Complex 39
3293:
3292:
3202:Crewed Mars rover
3143:Concordia Station
3079:The Case for Mars
3018:
3017:
2869:
2868:
2415:Hurricane Katrina
2058:Military response
2037:USA Freedom Corps
1963:2002 steel tariff
1870:Trade Act of 2002
1818:
1817:
1809:2008 SOTU Address
1802:2007 SOTU Address
1795:2006 SOTU Address
1788:2005 SOTU Address
1781:2004 SOTU Address
1774:2003 SOTU Address
1767:2002 SOTU Address
1682:Executive actions
1603:Email controversy
1317:Tumlinson, Rick.
892:"Moon Fact Sheet"
693:. 20 January 2004
662:Space exploration
632:Human spaceflight
539:
538:
461:
460:
317:. After this the
176:space exploration
57:space exploration
49:human spaceflight
9874:
9802:Preceded by the
9782:
9781:
9780:
9770:
9769:
9768:
9758:
9757:
9756:
9746:
9745:
9744:
9734:
9733:
9732:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9699:
9698:
9697:
9687:
9686:
9685:
9675:
9674:
9673:
9575:
9574:
9573:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9529:
9528:
9527:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9438:
9437:
9436:
9426:
9425:
9424:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9391:
9390:
9389:
9379:
9378:
9377:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9341:
9340:
9339:
9329:
9328:
9327:
9317:
9316:
9315:
9278:
9277:
9276:
9266:
9265:
9264:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9242:
9241:
9240:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9206:
9205:
9204:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9170:
9169:
9168:
9151:
9150:
9149:
9139:
9138:
9137:
9127:
9126:
9125:
9115:
9114:
9113:
9103:
9102:
9101:
9091:
9090:
9089:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9060:
9059:
9058:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9010:
9009:
9008:
8998:
8997:
8996:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8859:
8858:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8778:
8777:
8776:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8728:
8727:
8726:
8716:
8715:
8714:
8704:
8703:
8702:
8692:
8691:
8690:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8657:
8656:
8655:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8633:
8632:
8631:
8621:
8620:
8619:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8597:
8596:
8595:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8533:
8532:
8531:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8263:
8262:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8111:
8110:
8109:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8017:
8016:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7893:
7892:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7852:
7851:
7835:Space Foundation
7825:Space Fellowship
7637:
7636:
7625:
7624:
7612:
7602:
7601:
7590:
7589:
7578:
7577:
7566:
7565:
7542:
7541:
7518:
7517:
7506:
7505:
7494:
7493:
7482:
7481:
7470:
7469:
7458:
7457:
7446:
7445:
7434:
7433:
7422:
7421:
7410:
7409:
7398:
7397:
7386:
7385:
7364:
7363:
7352:
7351:
7340:
7339:
7328:
7327:
7316:
7315:
7304:
7303:
7292:
7291:
7280:
7279:
7256:
7255:
7207:Space technology
7178:
7177:
7166:
7165:
7154:
7153:
7142:
7141:
7084:COSPAR standards
6961:Rescue Agreement
6584:
6583:
6435:
6434:
6422:
6421:
5781:Project Vanguard
5720:
5719:
5191:
5190:
5176:Aurora programme
5162:Mars and beyond
4953:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4914:Shuguang program
4883:Space propaganda
4810:Asteroid impact
4751:
4744:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4712:
4711:
4700:
4699:
4538:Fallen Astronaut
4179:Van Allen Probes
3899:
3898:
3805:Mars Exploration
3730:
3729:
3601:
3600:
3369:Space Task Group
3341:
3340:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3042:The Mars Project
3026:
3005:Inspiration Mars
2990:Aurora programme
2933:
2932:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2853:
2836:
2829:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2631:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1721:
1719:Obama transition
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1689:Executive orders
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1610:Shoeing incident
1605:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1517:2nd inauguration
1512:
1510:1st inauguration
1505:
1495:
1494:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1297:. Archived from
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1212:. Archived from
1211:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1160:on July 23, 2009
1156:. Archived from
1143:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
982:. Archived from
980:Times Newspapers
965:
959:
958:
956:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
930:
923:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
887:
881:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
844:
831:
830:
828:
826:
815:
806:
805:
803:
801:
796:on July 10, 2007
795:
788:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
753:
742:
741:
739:
737:
731:
720:
712:
703:
702:
700:
698:
683:
592:Aurora programme
580:
575:
574:
573:
566:
561:
560:
559:
534:
531:
513:
506:
493:
481:
469:
456:
453:
435:
428:
194:to a Moon-based
190:positioned as a
90:in spring 2021.
9882:
9881:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9872:
9871:
9822:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9788:
9778:
9776:
9766:
9764:
9754:
9752:
9742:
9740:
9730:
9728:
9718:
9716:
9705:
9695:
9693:
9683:
9681:
9671:
9669:
9581:
9571:
9569:
9552:
9550:
9535:
9525:
9523:
9513:
9511:
9494:
9492:
9482:
9480:
9458:
9456:
9446:
9444:
9434:
9432:
9422:
9420:
9410:
9408:
9397:
9387:
9385:
9375:
9373:
9363:
9361:
9349:
9347:
9337:
9335:
9325:
9323:
9313:
9311:
9274:
9272:
9262:
9260:
9250:
9248:
9238:
9236:
9226:
9224:
9214:
9212:
9202:
9200:
9190:
9188:
9178:
9176:
9166:
9164:
9147:
9145:
9135:
9133:
9123:
9121:
9111:
9109:
9099:
9097:
9087:
9085:
9068:
9066:
9056:
9054:
9044:
9042:
9032:
9030:
9020:
9018:
9006:
9004:
8994:
8992:
8975:
8901:
8899:
8846:
8831:
8829:
8812:
8810:
8793:
8791:
8774:
8772:
8755:
8753:
8736:
8734:
8724:
8722:
8712:
8710:
8700:
8698:
8688:
8686:
8676:
8674:
8663:
8653:
8651:
8641:
8639:
8629:
8627:
8617:
8615:
8605:
8603:
8593:
8591:
8580:
8570:
8568:
8558:
8556:
8529:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8504:
8494:
8492:
8482:
8480:
8458:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8434:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8403:
8401:
8349:
8347:
8336:
8326:
8324:
8302:
8300:
8290:
8288:
8277:
8250:
8233:
8231:
8221:
8219:
8192:
8190:
8180:
8178:
8168:
8166:
8156:
8154:
8144:
8142:
8135:
8129:
8119:
8117:
8107:
8105:
8095:
8093:
8083:
8081:
8071:
8069:
8052:
8050:
8040:
8038:
8028:
8026:
8004:
7994:
7992:
7982:
7980:
7970:
7968:
7958:
7956:
7939:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7914:
7897:
7884:
7879:
7849:
7844:
7730:
7706:Missile defense
7645:
7631:
7619:
7596:
7584:
7572:
7560:
7536:
7512:
7500:
7488:
7476:
7464:
7452:
7440:
7428:
7416:
7404:
7392:
7380:
7358:
7346:
7334:
7322:
7310:
7298:
7286:
7274:
7261:
7245:
7239:Asteroid mining
7227:Lunar resources
7172:
7160:
7148:
7136:
7118:
7111:ISECG standards
7074:ODCWG standards
7069:CCSDS standards
7038:Artemis Accords
6935:
6831:
6825:
6777:
6684:
6642:
6621:
6569:
6552:
6505:
6500:Voskhod program
6469:Sputnik program
6457:
6429:
6427:
6418:USSR and Russia
6409:
6317:
6284:
6277:
6204:
6197:
6140:
6133:
6069:
6062:
6034:
6027:
5970:
5963:
5953:
5946:
5928:
5921:
5893:
5886:
5873:
5866:
5836:
5829:
5767:
5760:
5725:
5715:US space policy
5709:
5625:space programme
5624:
5617:
5579:
5477:
5471:
5438:EUSST programme
5433:EGNOS programme
5371:
5307:
5296:LISA Pathfinder
5265:
5207:Cassini–Huygens
5189:
5100:ESTRACK network
4989:
4972:Mars and beyond
4899:
4892:
4837:
4760:
4755:
4725:
4720:
4688:
4588:
4579:Mission patches
4554:Pioneer plaques
4517:Mystic Mountain
4494:Family Portrait
4487:The Blue Marble
4471:
4465:
4439:Apollo missions
4380:
4332:
4321:
4288:
4093:
4087:
3924:Mercury-Atlas 6
3894:
3890:
3880:
3814:
3750:Mariner Mark II
3714:
3695:Commercial Crew
3673:
3596:
3584:
3568:Mission Control
3467:Astronaut Corps
3462:Chief Scientist
3440:
3345:
3329:
3324:
3294:
3289:
3226:
3189:
3183:
3157:
3104:
3096:
3033:
3027:
3014:
2978:
2952:
2928:
2922:
2909:
2900:
2870:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:Economic policy
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2445:Medicare Part D
2443:
2436:
2429:Disaster relief
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2250:9/11 Commission
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:Domestic policy
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2102:Afghanistan War
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:Slovakia summit
2019:
2014:Slovenia summit
2012:
2005:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1852:
1847:by Colin Powell
1845:
1838:
1831:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1484:
1478:
1448:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1326:Wayback Machine
1314:
1304:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:Wayback Machine
1003:
999:
989:
987:
966:
962:
954:
948:
944:
934:
932:
931:on July 4, 2010
928:
921:
915:
911:
901:
899:
888:
884:
875:
871:
861:
859:
846:
845:
834:
824:
822:
817:
816:
809:
799:
797:
793:
786:
780:
776:
766:
764:
755:
754:
745:
735:
733:
729:
718:
714:
713:
706:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
676:
671:
587:Artemis program
576:
571:
569:
562:
557:
555:
552:
535:
529:
526:
519:needs expansion
504:
497:
494:
485:
482:
473:
470:
457:
451:
448:
441:needs expansion
426:
366:low Earth orbit
331:
303:
294:Michael Griffin
248:interference).
242:radio astronomy
118:(later renamed
96:
47:, the state of
17:
12:
11:
5:
9880:
9870:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9837:NASA oversight
9834:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9813:
9806:
9800:
9793:
9790:
9789:
9787:
9786:
9774:
9762:
9750:
9738:
9726:
9713:
9711:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9703:
9691:
9679:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9611:
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9600:
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9587:
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9567:
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9547:
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9521:
9509:
9508:
9507:
9490:
9478:
9477:
9476:
9471:
9454:
9442:
9430:
9418:
9405:
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9399:
9398:
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9395:
9383:
9371:
9359:
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9333:
9321:
9309:
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9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9270:
9258:
9246:
9234:
9222:
9210:
9198:
9186:
9174:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9143:
9131:
9119:
9107:
9095:
9083:
9082:
9081:
9064:
9052:
9040:
9028:
9016:
9015:
9014:
8989:
8987:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8957:
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8939:
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8924:
8919:
8914:
8897:
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8865:
8863:
8856:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8844:
8827:
8826:
8825:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8751:
8750:
8749:
8732:
8720:
8708:
8696:
8684:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8661:
8649:
8637:
8625:
8613:
8601:
8588:
8586:
8585:Southeast Asia
8582:
8581:
8579:
8578:
8566:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8525:
8512:
8510:
8506:
8505:
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8502:
8490:
8478:
8477:
8476:
8471:
8454:
8442:
8430:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8386:
8385:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8362:
8344:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8334:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8298:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8260:
8256:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8229:
8217:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8188:
8176:
8164:
8152:
8139:
8137:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8115:
8103:
8091:
8079:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8048:
8036:
8023:
8021:
8014:
8010:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7935:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7878:
7877:
7870:
7863:
7855:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7750:
7744:
7742:
7740:Space advocacy
7736:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7629:
7627:United Kingdom
7617:
7606:
7594:
7582:
7570:
7556:Space commands
7553:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7510:
7508:United Kingdom
7498:
7486:
7474:
7462:
7450:
7438:
7426:
7414:
7402:
7390:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7356:
7344:
7332:
7320:
7308:
7296:
7284:
7266:
7264:
7253:
7251:Militarisation
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7224:
7219:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7170:
7168:United Kingdom
7158:
7146:
7132:Space industry
7128:
7126:
7124:Commercial use
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7094:IPDA standards
7091:
7081:
7079:CEOS standards
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7018:
7012:
7006:
7000:
6994:
6988:
6982:
6976:
6970:
6964:
6958:
6952:
6945:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6835:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6782:United Nations
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6697:Other policies
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6673:MARS-500 study
6667:
6662:
6657:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6544:
6538:
6532:
6529:Salyut program
6526:
6520:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6485:
6482:Vostok program
6479:
6478:
6477:
6474:Sputnik crisis
6465:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6441:
6439:
6432:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6348:
6343:
6341:Budget of NASA
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6289:
6287:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6273:2015 Space Act
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6159:Space Shuttle
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:George W. Bush
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6119:1998 Space Act
6116:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6097:
6087:
6082:
6074:
6072:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:Space Shuttle
6006:
6001:
5999:1984 Space Act
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5839:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5795:
5788:
5786:Sputnik crisis
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5730:
5728:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5693:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5629:
5627:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5611:Mission Shakti
5603:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5528:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5481:
5479:
5476:Other European
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5414:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5237:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5171:MARS-500 study
5168:
5160:
5158:ESA Television
5155:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5031:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5012:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4983:MARS-500 study
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4946:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4917:
4911:
4904:
4902:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4856:Sputnik crisis
4847:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4706:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Astronauts Day
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4333:and navigation
4331:Communications
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4311:Europa Clipper
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:New Millennium
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3607:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
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2130:2008 Iraq SOFA
2126:
2123:financial cost
2119:
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2109:2002 Iraq AUMF
2105:
2098:
2084:
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2017:
2007:Russia summits
2003:
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1413:Orion Web Site
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1377:External links
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1148:"Fly Me To L1"
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1135:on 2007-08-23.
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401:Rick Tumlinson
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264:Robert L. Park
196:space elevator
139:U.S. President
95:
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41:Space Shuttle
37:George W. Bush
15:
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7689:United States
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7651:Space warfare
7648:
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7639:United States
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7260:Space forces,
7257:
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7180:United States
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7106:GEO standards
7104:
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7101:GSC standards
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6610:ISS programme
6608:
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6541:Buran program
6539:
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6518:
6517:Soyuz program
6515:
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6299:
6296:
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6280:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:2014 NASA Act
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6248:2010 NASA Act
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6238:Flexible path
6236:
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6194:
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6183:2005 NASA Act
6181:
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6100:ISS programme
6098:
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6019:
6018:Rogers Report
6016:
6014:
6012:
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6000:
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5987:
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5798:1958 NASA Act
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5325:
5323:
5322:Solar Orbiter
5320:
5319:
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5314:
5313:Cosmic Vision
5310:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
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5280:
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5277:ISS programme
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4959:Space station
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4900:space program
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4684:Nikon NASA F4
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4598:
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4572:
4570:
4569:NASA insignia
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Lunar plaques
4547:
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4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
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4501:Pale Blue Dot
4498:
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4429:NASA missions
4427:
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4424:NASA aircraft
4422:
4418:
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4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
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4346:Space Network
4344:
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3987:
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3979:Space Shuttle
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3861:New Frontiers
3859:
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3796:
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3770:Lunar Orbiter
3768:
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3710:Lunar Gateway
3708:
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3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3669:Constellation
3667:
3664:
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3651:Space Shuttle
3649:
3646:
3642:
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3489:NASA research
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2903:Human mission
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2742:Environmental
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2559:
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2548:Bush tax cuts
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2120:
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2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
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2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:War on terror
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2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
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1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
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1971:
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1833:Bush Doctrine
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1652:controversies
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1638:Harriet Miers
1635:
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1383:Ares Web Site
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1031:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
985:
981:
977:
976:
971:
964:
953:
946:
927:
920:
913:
897:
893:
886:
879:
873:
857:
853:
849:
843:
841:
839:
837:
820:
814:
812:
792:
785:
778:
762:
758:
752:
750:
748:
728:
724:
717:
711:
709:
692:
688:
682:
678:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
579:
568:
565:
554:
543:
533:
524:
520:
517:This section
515:
512:
508:
507:
492:
487:
480:
475:
468:
463:
462:
455:
446:
442:
439:This section
437:
434:
430:
429:
421:
417:
414:
413:space program
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
354:
350:
348:
344:
335:
326:
324:
320:
319:lunar flights
316:
312:
308:
298:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:spending bill
275:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
253:U.S. Congress
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:space program
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
203:
199:
197:
193:
192:counterweight
189:
185:
181:
180:raw materials
177:
173:
172:gravity field
169:
165:
164:Ares boosters
161:
157:
153:
147:
142:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:Space Shuttle
109:
104:
101:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
44:
38:
34:
30:
21:
9808:Preceded by
9660:Intersputnik
9505:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8966:EUTELSAT IGO
8862:Pan-European
8823:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8282:Central Asia
7898:and pan-Arab
7773:Moon Society
7768:Mars Society
7701:Kill vehicle
7664:Space weapon
7270:Space forces
6911:Intersputnik
6547:Apollo–Soyuz
6285:space policy
6205:space policy
6167:
6160:
6141:space policy
6077:
6070:space policy
6035:space policy
6010:
5971:space policy
5954:space policy
5937:Apollo–Soyuz
5929:space policy
5902:Moon landing
5894:space policy
5874:space policy
5837:space policy
5790:
5768:space policy
5726:space policy
5700:
5662:Project Juno
5300:
5288:
5258:
5251:
5239:
5233:
5212:
5205:
5005:(1960–1975)
4774:Space policy
4714:
4702:
4536:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4309:
4258:Perseverance
4257:
4219:
4212:
4189:
4149:
4132:
4116:New Horizons
4114:
4107:
4100:
4073:
4065:
4041:
4029:
4022:
4009:
3997:
3989:
3950:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3657:
3641:Apollo–Soyuz
3422:
3197:Mars habitat
3179:Mars Society
3102:Mars analogs
3077:
3040:
3032:20th-century
3009:
2974:Mars to Stay
2927:21st-century
2857:
2848:
2072:Phoenix Memo
1997:
1991:Space policy
1753:Axis of evil
1645:Samuel Alito
1631:John Roberts
1438:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1294:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1264:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1242:. NASA Watch
1233:
1223:November 28,
1221:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1185:. Retrieved
1174:
1164:November 14,
1162:. Retrieved
1158:the original
1151:
1141:
1133:the original
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1020:
1005:LIFE on Moon
1000:
990:February 16,
988:. Retrieved
984:the original
975:Times Online
973:
963:
945:
935:February 16,
933:. Retrieved
926:the original
912:
902:December 31,
900:. Retrieved
885:
872:
860:. Retrieved
856:the original
823:. Retrieved
798:. Retrieved
791:the original
777:
765:. Retrieved
734:. Retrieved
727:the original
695:. Retrieved
690:
681:
530:October 2021
527:
523:adding to it
518:
452:October 2021
449:
445:adding to it
440:
418:
390:
386:
382:
363:
359:Moon science
355:
351:
340:
304:
291:
283:Sean O'Keefe
276:
272:Mars Society
250:
227:
208:
149:
144:
136:
105:
100:Solar System
97:
80:space policy
76:Donald Trump
72:space policy
68:Barack Obama
63:
61:
42:
32:
28:
26:
9810:Interkosmos
9784:Interkosmos
8890:Eurocontrol
8540:Antrix Corp
7896:Pan-African
7436:North Korea
7424:New Zealand
7412:Netherlands
7217:Space trade
6997:Moon Treaty
6656:(2013–2015)
6566:(1986–2001)
6543:(1974–1993)
6537:(1973–1977)
6531:(1971–1986)
6525:(1967–1991)
6523:Interkosmos
6502:(1964–1966)
6496:(1961–1976)
6490:(1960–1982)
6484:(1960–1963)
6023:Ride Report
5820:Missile gap
5692:(2018–2020)
5670:(2009–2010)
5647:(1964–1971)
5497:Eurocontrol
5391:(1992–2002)
5315:(2015–2025)
5302:BepiColombo
5149:Space Rider
5080:(1983–2010)
5019:(1964–1975)
5011:(1962–1973)
4933:Project 921
4916:(1966–1972)
4910:(1966–1976)
4843:Space races
4544:Deep fields
4472:and artwork
4470:NASA images
4042:Opportunity
3511:NASA Social
3337:and history
3265:Mars cycler
3217:Mars lander
3073:Mars Direct
3063:Ride Report
2362:Real ID Act
2334:No Fly List
2285:Patriot Act
2201:Amber alert
1954:South Korea
1483:(2001–2009)
1433:‹ The
1113:February 7,
1087:February 7,
1062:February 7,
1036:February 7,
825:February 7,
736:December 5,
424:Mars vision
347:Buzz Aldrin
257:Dave Weldon
182:for future
160:White House
9826:Categories
9796:See also:
8509:South Asia
8113:USSPACECOM
7721:Spaceplane
6462:Khrushchev
6011:Challenger
5766:Eisenhower
5227:Cluster II
4824:Spaceguard
4814:Prediction
4632:Moon rocks
4392:Astronauts
4385:NASA lists
4242:OSIRIS-REx
4076:helicopter
3944:Pioneer 11
3937:Pioneer 10
3740:Hitchhiker
3615:suborbital
3452:Space Race
3285:Mars flyby
3231:Miscellany
3222:Mars rover
1503:Transition
1305:13 January
1275:13 January
1246:2014-04-24
1187:October 9,
697:14 October
674:References
374:selenology
345:astronaut
246:ionosphere
188:space dock
184:spacecraft
9464:Roscosmos
9452:KazCosmos
9416:ArmCosmos
9117:DTU Space
9079:BIRA-IASB
9026:EU SatCen
8785:KACST-SRI
8682:ArmCosmos
8668:West Asia
8341:East Asia
8308:Roscosmos
8296:KazCosmos
8266:Pan-Asian
7530:Structure
7282:Australia
6941:Space law
6804:UN-SPIDER
6579:Roscosmos
6557:Gorbachev
5490:Eurospace
4926:2007 test
4873:Mars race
4819:Avoidance
4659:Moon tree
4480:Earthrise
4355:Goldstone
4252:Mars 2020
4221:Voyager 2
4214:Voyager 1
4150:Curiosity
4094:operating
4092:Currently
4074:Ingenuity
4011:MESSENGER
3990:Sojourner
3919:Mercury 3
3909:Apollo 11
3856:Discovery
3846:Explorers
3435:Augustine
3399:Augustine
3207:Mars suit
3034:proposals
2929:proposals
2264:criticism
2095:2001 AUMF
1947:Singapore
1884:Australia
1083:. gpo.gov
370:astronomy
343:Apollo 11
315:lunar ice
84:Joe Biden
9689:UNCOPUOS
9000:DG DEFIS
8961:EUMETSAT
8013:Americas
7919:National
7484:Thailand
7448:Pakistan
7330:Colombia
6626:Medvedev
6615:Politics
6601:(1993–)
6510:Brezhnev
6253:Title 51
6163:disaster
6161:Columbia
6105:Politics
6013:disaster
5419:(2021–)
5337:EnVision
5282:Politics
5253:Herschel
5247:INTEGRAL
5025:(1975–)
4951:Tiangong
4941:Shenzhou
4935:(1992–)
4922:(1964–)
4861:Timeline
4703:Category
4365:Canberra
4277:timeline
4265:timeline
4201:timeline
4157:timeline
4054:observed
4049:timeline
4017:Aquarius
3957:timeline
3930:Magellan
3892:missions
3790:Surveyor
3726:programs
3656:Shuttle–
3597:programs
3429:Aldridge
3348:creation
3190:concepts
3188:Hardware
3162:Advocacy
3116:MARS-500
3000:Mars One
2116:Iraq War
1905:Colombia
1729:Speeches
1524:Timeline
1490:Timeline
1435:template
1361:pp. 6–7.
1322:Archived
1009:Archived
767:June 17,
550:See also
399:founder
45:disaster
43:Columbia
9650:ISS MCB
9544:Oceania
9319:PTSPACE
9285:CBK PAN
8947:ESTRACK
8873:CENELEC
8576:SUPARCO
8523:SPARRSO
8360:SASTIND
8077:FAA/AST
7910:Arabsat
7544:Vietnam
7525:History
7354:Germany
6678:ExoMars
6587:Yeltsin
6519:(1967–)
6447:(1946)
6430:program
6368:FAA/AST
6068:Clinton
5872:Johnson
5835:Kennedy
5776:WS-117L
5623:British
5397:(2002–)
5241:Rosetta
5222:Cluster
5214:Huygens
5181:ExoMars
5120:(1998–)
5114:(1973–)
5086:(2005–)
4979:(2016–)
4968:(2003–)
4954:program
4944:program
4898:Chinese
4878:Records
4715:Commons
4593:Related
4402:by year
4397:by name
4174:GOES 15
4164:GOES 14
4081:flights
4067:InSight
4023:Cassini
3951:Galileo
3876:SIMPLEx
3851:Voyager
3819:Current
3775:Pioneer
3745:Mariner
3724:Robotic
3705:Artemis
3678:Current
3621:Mercury
3613: (
3506:NASA TV
3445:General
3344:History
3248:Fiction
3148:HI-SEAS
2957:Passive
1919:Morocco
1891:Bahrain
1668:Cabinet
1661:Pardons
1580:2008–09
1437:below (
880:. NASA.
862:May 13,
378:in-situ
311:Atlas V
94:Outline
9710:Former
9701:UNOOSA
9603:COSPAR
9074:BELSPO
8855:Europe
8647:GISTDA
8623:PhilSA
8488:SaTReC
8390:PLAASF
8058:NESDIS
7988:NASRDA
7905:RASCOM
7889:Africa
7684:Russia
7613:
7568:France
7496:Turkey
7460:Russia
7388:Israel
7342:France
7306:Canada
7294:Brazil
7156:Russia
7040:(2020)
7034:(2012)
7028:(1999)
7017:(1998)
7011:(1988)
7005:(1981)
6999:(1979)
6993:(1976)
6987:(1975)
6981:(1974)
6975:(1972)
6969:(1972)
6963:(1968)
6957:(1967)
6951:(1963)
6549:(1975)
6476:(1957)
6438:Stalin
6426:Soviet
6351:NESDIS
5969:Reagan
5952:Carter
5917:Skylab
5724:Truman
5676:(2010)
5664:(1991)
5653:(1985)
5641:(1962)
5635:(1958)
5352:ATHENA
5342:CHEOPS
5327:Euclid
5260:Planck
5234:Newton
4360:Madrid
4293:Future
4208:NuSTAR
4139:THEMIS
4061:RHESSI
3998:Spirit
3795:Viking
3785:Ranger
3636:Skylab
3631:Apollo
3626:Gemini
3484:Budget
3437:(2009)
3431:(2004)
3425:(2004)
3419:(2003)
3413:(2002)
3411:CFUSAI
3407:(1996)
3401:(1990)
3395:(1989)
3389:(1987)
3383:(1986)
3381:Rogers
3377:(1986)
3371:(1958)
3365:(1958)
3359:(1915)
3335:Policy
3258:novels
3053:Aelita
2983:Former
2936:Active
2744:policy
2257:report
1984:PEPFAR
1933:Panama
1747:(2001)
1739:(2001)
1370:p. 14.
1352:p. 13.
800:May 8,
612:DIRECT
323:Ares I
268:vision
238:Apollo
215:vacuum
168:Ares V
9760:NASDA
9677:ITU-R
9665:ODCWG
9645:ISECG
9635:ICSMD
9593:CCSDS
9586:World
9563:CSIRO
9402:Other
9295:KRRiT
9280:POLSA
9050:BEREC
9012:EUSPA
8932:ECSAT
8927:ESRIN
8917:ESTEC
8841:MBRSC
8837:UAESA
8730:NEHSA
8718:IRIAF
8599:LAPAN
8395:CASIC
8384:CGWIC
8273:APSCO
8174:CONAE
8000:SANSA
7976:GSSTC
7964:ESSTI
7950:NARSS
7679:India
7674:China
7615:NORAD
7592:Italy
7580:India
7472:Spain
7400:Japan
7365:Iran
7318:China
7144:India
6794:ITU-R
6669:Mars
6647:Putin
6535:Almaz
6428:space
6283:Trump
6203:Obama
5892:Nixon
5367:SMILE
5347:JUICE
5332:ARIEL
5144:PRIDE
4305:NISAR
4260:rover
4232:MAVEN
4152:rover
4133:Swift
4044:rover
4005:LADEE
4000:rover
3992:rover
3969:GRAIL
3964:GALEX
3755:MESUR
3700:Orion
3501:NASA+
3477:Chief
3375:Paine
3253:films
3153:NEEMO
3126:FMARS
2484:award
1898:Chile
1343:p. 8.
1217:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
1081:(PDF)
955:(PDF)
929:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
794:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
730:(PDF)
719:(PDF)
156:Earth
126:with
120:Orion
9736:KCST
9724:BNSC
9655:ITSO
9640:IMSO
9630:IADC
9608:IPDA
9598:CEOS
9577:NZSA
9531:UKSA
9519:SSAU
9474:VVKO
9428:MAKA
9393:SNSA
9343:INTA
9331:ROSA
9268:NOSA
9244:SRON
9141:CNES
9093:SRTI
9038:EASA
8983:and
8942:ESOC
8937:ESAC
8912:ECSS
8895:ECAC
8883:ETSI
8878:CEPT
8804:GORS
8766:NCSR
8747:ISRC
8706:NSSA
8694:MAKA
8659:VNSC
8635:SSTL
8611:MYSA
8550:NRSC
8535:ISRO
8500:TASA
8474:KASI
8469:KARI
8464:KASA
8452:NATA
8440:NICT
8414:ISAS
8409:JAXA
8375:CAST
8370:CALT
8365:CASC
8355:CNSA
8332:TNSA
8259:Asia
8244:IVIC
8239:ABAE
8208:INPE
8203:DCTA
8150:ALCE
8101:USSF
8046:NASA
7945:EgSA
7933:ASAL
7604:NATO
7374:IRGC
6378:IEEE
6178:ESAS
5927:Ford
5751:RAND
5357:LISA
5290:Gaia
5232:XMM-
5201:SOHO
4284:PACE
4227:WISE
4190:Juno
4030:Dawn
3974:WMAP
3914:COBE
3902:Past
3733:Past
3611:X-15
3604:Past
3417:CAIB
3387:Ride
3357:NACA
3327:NASA
3131:MDRS
3107:list
2907:Mars
1940:Peru
1926:Oman
1573:2007
1566:2006
1559:2005
1552:2004
1545:2003
1538:2002
1531:2001
1307:2022
1277:2022
1225:2009
1189:2009
1166:2009
1115:2008
1089:2008
1064:2008
1038:2008
992:2010
937:2010
904:2008
896:NASA
864:2009
852:NASA
827:2008
802:2013
769:2009
761:NASA
738:2009
723:NASA
699:2021
691:NASA
132:Mars
124:Moon
53:NASA
27:The
9772:SSP
9748:NAL
9625:GSC
9620:GEO
9558:ASA
9500:TUA
9488:SSO
9469:SRI
9440:BSA
9381:AEE
9369:EAE
9355:AEC
9305:ULC
9300:ORO
9290:UKE
9256:NSO
9232:LSO
9220:LSA
9208:ASI
9196:HSO
9184:HSA
9172:DLR
9158:CdE
9153:AAE
9129:ESO
9105:CSO
9062:ALR
8985:EEA
8971:ESO
8922:EAC
8907:ESA
8869:CEN
8818:TUA
8799:SSA
8780:SSA
8761:ISA
8742:ISA
8564:DSA
8545:DoS
8428:JSS
8380:CCF
8313:SRI
8227:CCE
8213:ITA
8198:AEB
8186:ABE
8162:AEM
8125:NRO
8089:FCC
8063:OSC
8034:CSA
7369:AJA
6599:ISS
6564:Mir
6373:NRO
6363:FCC
6090:ISS
4237:MMS
3658:Mir
3090:3.0
3058:TMK
2905:to
525:.
447:.
376:),
86:'s
70:'s
51:at
33:VSE
9828::
8981:EU
8318:VK
1334:^
1293:.
1263:.
1197:^
1150:.
1007:,
978:.
972:.
894:.
850:.
835:^
810:^
759:.
746:^
721:.
707:^
689:.
372:,
198:.
59:.
8871:/
8843:)
8839:(
7874:e
7867:t
7860:v
5863:"
5859:"
5524:/
4750:e
4743:t
4736:v
4603:"
4599:"
4372:)
4353:(
3665:)
3647:)
3617:)
3350:)
3346:(
3319:e
3312:t
3305:v
3109:)
3105:(
2895:e
2888:t
2881:v
1473:e
1466:t
1459:v
1309:.
1279:.
1249:.
1227:.
1191:.
1168:.
1117:.
1091:.
1066:.
1040:.
1015:.
994:.
957:.
939:.
906:.
866:.
829:.
804:.
771:.
740:.
701:.
532:)
528:(
454:)
450:(
31:(
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