365:
25:
342:
1214:
2112:
819:
An estimated 70% of languages are estimated to have "interrogative intonation contours which end with rising pitch." However, Vivaro Alpine follows the opposite pattern with yes/no questions—an initial high tone followed by a fall. Questions that end in a rising pitch are so common that they are
982:
La langue se divise en trois grandes aires dialectales : le nord-occitan (limousin, auvergnat, vivaro-alpin), l'occitan moyen, qui est le plus proche de la langue médiévale (languedocien et provençal au sens restreint), et le gascon (à l'ouest de la
828:
Vivaro-Alpine is an endangered language. There are approximately 200,000 native speakers of the language worldwide. Transmission of the language is very low. Speakers of Vivaro-Alpine typically also speak either French or
Italian.
820:
often considered "natural." One reason that questions begin with a high tone in some languages is that the listener is immediately being alerted to the fact that they are being asked a question.
4405:
4398:
857:
55:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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861:
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Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
989:
2762:
2652:
1458:
2877:
63:
1228:
3716:
489:
Glottolog recognizes the Gardiòl variety of the dialect as a distinct language within the
Occitanic language family.
76:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Occitan Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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730:(like in Italian, Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese, but also in Piemontese, which is neighboring):
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169:
4253:
4157:
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with the other varieties of North
Occitan (Limosino, Alverniate), in particular with words such as
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1980:
1690:
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Vivaro-Alpine is classified as an Indo-European, Italic, Romance, or
Western-Romance language.
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to name it. Along with Ronjat and Bec, it is now clearly recognized as a dialect of its own.
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1995:
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1990:
1940:
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1218:
1099:
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Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24).
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2018:
2009:
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Jean-Claude
Bouvier, "L'occitan en Provence : limites, dialectes et variété" in
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Its principal characteristic is the dropping of simple Latin dental intervocalics:
433:
in the 1970s. The Vivaro-Alpine dialects are traditionally called "gavot" from the
388:
380:
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164:
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Error: Unable to display the reference from
Wikidata properly. Technical details:
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2219:
2067:
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1862:
1368:
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In the dialects of the Alps, Vivaro-Alpine maintained the pronunciation of the
596:
307:
3402:
1139:
4631:
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4189:
3921:
3629:
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2189:
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438:
1068:
Grammaire istorique des parlers provençaux modernes, vol. IV Les dialectes
4142:
4135:
3872:
3438:
2422:
1285:
1071:
3407:
464:
392:
3450:
3420:
3412:
3368:
3363:
3013:
2772:
1732:
1469:
1128:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
519:
430:
74:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1118:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
4216:
4054:
3396:
2691:
1509:
1124:
852:
422:
281:
269:
3842:
341:
4001:
3837:
3653:
3101:
2949:
1839:
970:
Des langues romanes. Introduction aux études de linguistique romane
622:
584:
507:
426:
412:
400:
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551:
535:
3825:
3690:
3428:
2852:
2837:
2369:
1885:
1440:
1425:
626:
511:
404:
1175:
575:(French name) in the western Occitan Alps, which are located in
4027:
3373:
3296:
3276:
3008:
1727:
845:
576:
421:. It belongs to the Northern Occitan dialect bloc, along with
349:
124:
3291:
3264:
1213:
618:
580:
523:
515:
174:
128:
348:
Vivaro-Alpine is classified as
Definitely Endangered by the
4413:
1100:
UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger
562:
948:, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.
928:, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.
769:
A common trait is the rhotacism of l (shift from l to r):
663:("ghiandaia," jay). Southern Occitan has, respectively,
2484:
407:). There is also a small Vivaro-Alpine enclave in the
3176:
2107:
816:
of the infinitive verbs (excepting modern
Occitan).
643:
Vivaro-Alpine shares the palatization of consonants
858:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
391:spoken in southeastern France (namely, around the
372:dialects; Vivaro-Alpine dialect in the northeast.
4629:
2140:
486:name, and considers it as seriously endangered.
941:: The Wikidata reference contains the property
921:: The Wikidata reference contains the property
70:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
4399:
2470:
2053:
1196:
2279:
444:
4366:languages with more than 5 million speakers
602:Cisalpine or Eastern Alpine (native names:
480:UNESCO Atlas of World's languages in danger
4406:
4392:
3949:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
2477:
2463:
1203:
1189:
1015:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
726:The verbal ending of the first person is -
460:(Alpine Provençal) or Northern Provençal.
340:
1117:
1032:France's Rich Relation: The Oc Connection
848:"Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance"
429:. The name “vivaro-alpine” was coined by
321:& 51-AAA-gg 51-AAA-gf & 51-AAA-gg
1536:
1059:
1057:
452:had been considered as a sub-dialect of
363:
353:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
4415:Occitano-Romance languages and dialects
2017:
1034:. The French Review. pp. 996–1013.
1029:
839:
4630:
4387:
2458:
1184:
1054:
611:
18:
1000:
635:
13:
4370:Languages between parentheses are
1379:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1140:"The Endangered Languages Project"
557:Eastern: Alpine (English name) or
395:area) and northwestern Italy (the
14:
4649:
4250:(unknown further classification)
415:, where the language is known as
2110:
1229:Historical linguistic minorities
1212:
467:area has also led to the use of
23:
2436:
1146:
1132:
1111:
1093:
1077:
864:from the original on 2023-11-27
766:("io ho parlato, io parlavo").
16:Variety of the Occitan language
4374:of the language on their left.
4244:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1154:"Dizionario Italiano-Occitano"
1038:
1023:
994:
975:
959:
610:) in the eastern Occitan Alps
561:(native name), in the Occitan
492:
82:{{Translated|oc|Vivaroaupenc}}
80:You may also add the template
1:
972:, De Boeck, 2e édition, 1999,
887:IANA language subtag registry
832:
1049:Revue de linguistique romane
506:(French name) near northern
7:
4241:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1164:
550:) and a fringe in southern
10:
4654:
3943:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
2969:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2763:Central−Southern Calabrian
1976:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1459:Central-Southern Calabrian
1105:February 22, 2009, at the
931:Reason for the failure of
911:Reason for the failure of
385:vivaroalpenc, vivaroaupenc
4585:
4489:
4466:
4421:
4348:
4332:
4283:
4232:
4156:
3960:
3933:
3882:
3734:
3620:
3566:
3547:
3498:
3165:
2918:
2909:
2870:
2750:
2635:
2624:
2535:
2497:
2382:
2352:
2315:
2306:
2270:
2233:
2180:
2171:
2131:
2127:
2105:
2044:
2008:
1966:
1918:
1789:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
1741:
1698:
1689:
1653:
1635:
1626:
1590:
1572:
1563:
1527:
1495:
1449:
1377:
1341:
1323:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1225:
823:
659:("cantare," to sing) and
445:Naming and classification
339:
327:
313:
301:
279:
267:
262:
248:
148:
134:
120:
113:
108:
38:the corresponding article
3251:North American dialects
2758:Extreme Southern Italian
968:Jean-Marie Klinkenberg,
522:), a southern fringe of
2670:Central−Northern Latian
1349:Central-Northern Latian
1030:Belasco, Simon (1990).
617:, which are located in
528:Saint-Bonnet-le-Château
91:For more guidance, see
2974:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1981:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1773:Bustocco and Legnanese
384:
373:
4577:Southern Languedocien
4479:Southern Languedocien
4422:Arverno-Mediterranean
3461:Poitevin–Saintongeais
2404:Italian Sign Language
2353:Other German dialects
1496:Other Italo-Dalmatian
990:Encyclopédie Larousse
955:for further details.
883:"Occitan (post 1500)"
712:("imbastitura, tack),
367:
93:Knowledge:Translation
64:copyright attribution
3270:St. Marys Bay French
2794:Neapolitan–Calabrese
1856:Southwestern Lombard
1001:Bec, Pierre (1995).
808:("insalata," salad).
3622:Galician–Portuguese
2648:Central Marchigiano
2156:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1171:Occitan conjugation
794:("scuola," school),
722:("maturo," mature).
4036:Catalan Ribagorçan
3883:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
3155:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3065:Bustocco–Legnanese
2860:Northern Calabrian
1991:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1967:Other Gallo-Italic
1219:Languages of Italy
1088:La langue occitane
1003:La langue occitane
698:("moneta," coin),]
688:("cantata," sung),
409:Guardia Piemontese
387:) is a variety of
374:
72:interlanguage link
4625:
4624:
4573:
4555:
4548:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4490:Aquitano-Pyrenean
4482:
4459:
4447:
4381:
4380:
4357:extinct languages
4279:
4278:
3956:
3955:
3915:Navarro-Aragonese
3800:Peruvian Ribereño
3725:Judaeo-Portuguese
3640:Galician–Asturian
3543:
3542:
3534:Old Gallo-Romance
3488:Wisconsin Walloon
2905:
2904:
2878:Dalmatian Romance
2486:Romance languages
2452:
2451:
2431:
2430:
2378:
2377:
2335:Southern Bavarian
2302:
2301:
2266:
2265:
2258:Triestine Serbian
2167:
2166:
2142:Arbëresh language
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2040:
2039:
2004:
2003:
1757:Brianzöö dialects
1685:
1684:
1622:
1621:
1559:
1558:
1523:
1522:
953:the documentation
946:
926:
784:("grotta," cave),
571:(native name) or
504:vivaro-dauphinois
502:(native name) or
362:
361:
104:
103:
50:
46:
4645:
4638:Occitan language
4599:Judaeo-Provençal
4563:
4551:
4544:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4476:
4453:
4441:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4384:
3902:Judaeo-Aragonese
3891:Andalusi Romance
3744:Amazonic Spanish
3581:Western Asturian
3564:
3563:
3503:Franco-Provençal
3174:
3173:
3070:Comasco–Lecchese
2928:Emilian–Romagnol
2916:
2915:
2716:Regional Italian
2706:Italo-Australian
2633:
2632:
2555:Megleno-Romanian
2479:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2440:
2417:
2398:
2343:
2313:
2312:
2277:
2276:
2178:
2177:
2158:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2051:
2050:
2015:
2014:
1957:
1943:
1936:
1920:Emilian–Romagnol
1909:
1902:
1888:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1759:
1696:
1695:
1676:
1655:Franco-Provençal
1633:
1632:
1608:
1570:
1569:
1565:Occitano-Romance
1534:
1533:
1486:
1472:
1451:Extreme Southern
1420:
1315:Regional Italian
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1250:Franco-Provençal
1217:
1216:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1115:
1109:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1006:
998:
992:
988:
979:
973:
967:
963:
957:
956:
944:
940:
934:
924:
920:
914:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
889:. 18 August 2008
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
843:
754:("io parlavo"),
636:Characterization
613:
514:), northeastern
484:Alpine Provençal
473:dauphinois alpin
356:
344:
335:
323:
297:
291:
272:
201:Occitano-Romance
154:
106:
105:
83:
77:
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4586:Other varieties
4581:
4540:Western Catalan
4507:Eastern Catalan
4485:
4467:Central Occitan
4462:
4458:and Waldensian)
4417:
4412:
4382:
4377:
4344:
4328:
4306:Pannonian Latin
4292:African Romance
4275:
4228:
4159:
4152:
4090:Judeo-Provençal
3963:
3952:
3929:
3878:
3788:Chilean Chilote
3730:
3616:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3539:
3527:Moselle Romance
3494:
3343:Missouri French
3304:Franco-Ontarian
3179:
3168:
3161:
2901:
2866:
2843:Southern Latian
2746:
2711:Maltese Italian
2643:Central Italian
2627:
2620:
2615:Common Romanian
2531:
2515:Italo-Dalmatian
2493:
2483:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2413:
2394:
2374:
2360:Austrian German
2348:
2339:
2298:
2289:Calabrian Greek
2262:
2229:
2215:Natisone Valley
2200:Inner Carniolan
2163:
2154:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2036:
2000:
1968:
1962:
1953:
1939:
1932:
1914:
1905:
1898:
1894:Eastern Lombard
1884:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1755:
1751:Western Lombard
1737:
1681:
1672:
1649:
1618:
1604:
1586:
1555:
1519:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1468:
1445:
1431:Southern Latian
1416:
1397:Castelmezzanese
1373:
1337:
1319:
1288:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1116:
1112:
1107:Wayback Machine
1098:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1028:
1024:
1008:
1007:
999:
995:
986:
980:
976:
965:
964:
960:
938:
932:
918:
912:
907:
906:
902:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
867:
865:
844:
840:
835:
826:
638:
615:Occitan Valleys
608:alpenc oriental
500:vivarodaufinenc
495:
463:Its use in the
458:provençal alpin
447:
397:Occitan Valleys
358:
357:
347:
333:
319:
293:
292:
287:
268:
244:
190:Western Romance
170:Latino-Faliscan
155:
152:Language family
150:
143:Occitan Valleys
139:Southern France
100:
99:
98:
81:
75:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4611:Judaeo-Catalan
4608:
4602:
4596:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4245:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4164:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4022:Judaeo-Catalan
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3989:
3981:
3968:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3777:Latin American
3773:
3768:
3756:
3754:Judaeo-Spanish
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3681:
3676:
3669:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3249:
3244:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2897:Judaeo-Italian
2894:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2557:
2552:
2550:Istro-Romanian
2547:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2498:Major branches
2495:
2494:
2490:classification
2482:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:Italian Hebrew
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:South Tyrolean
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2235:Serbo-Croatian
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2055:Rhaeto-Romance
2048:
2046:Rhaeto-Romance
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:. 10 May 2013.
1145:
1131:
1110:
1092:
1076:
1066:Jules Ronjat,
1053:
1037:
1022:
993:
974:
958:
950:
949:
929:
900:
874:
837:
836:
834:
831:
825:
822:
810:
809:
795:
785:
742:("io parlo"),
724:
723:
713:
699:
689:
637:
634:
633:
632:
631:
630:
600:
597:County of Nice
595:and the upper
559:alpenc, aupenc
555:
494:
491:
446:
443:
360:
359:
346:
345:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
317:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
285:
277:
276:
273:
265:
264:
263:Language codes
260:
259:
258:
257:
250:
246:
245:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
228:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
197:(unclassified)
194:Gallo-Iberian?
158:
156:
149:
146:
145:
136:
132:
131:
122:
121:Native to
118:
117:
111:
110:
102:
101:
97:
96:
89:
78:
56:
52:
45:(January 2023)
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4650:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:Old Provençal
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:North-Western
4543:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4480:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4451:Vivaro-Alpine
4449:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4341:
4340:Proto-Romance
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:Reconstructed
4331:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4299:British Latin
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:Vivaro-Alpine
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3922:Old Navarrese
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3771:Equatoguinean
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Frainc-Comtou
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Judeo-Italian
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Castelmezzano
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2721:Swiss Italian
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Transylvanian
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:Daco-Romanian
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:Italo-Western
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2439:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2281:Italiot Greek
2278:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Slavomolisano
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2108:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Judeo-Italian
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Gallo-Romance
1625:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:Vivaro-Alpine
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Italo-Romance
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1125:Glottolog 3.0
1121:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1090:, Paris, 1995
1089:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1004:
997:
991:
984:
978:
971:
962:
954:
947:
937:
930:
927:
917:
910:
909:
904:
888:
884:
878:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
842:
838:
830:
821:
817:
815:
807:
803:
799:
796:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
717:
714:
711:
707:
703:
700:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
605:
601:
598:
594:
593:Barcelonnette
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
566:
564:
560:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Saint-Étienne
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
490:
487:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:Vivaro-Alpine
442:
440:
436:
435:Maritime Alps
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Vivaro-Alpine
371:
366:
354:
351:
343:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:
309:
308:Vivaro-Alpine
306:
304:
300:
296:
290:
286:
284:
283:
278:
274:
271:
266:
261:
256:
253:
252:
251:
247:
219:
218:Vivaro-Alpine
216:
215:
213:
210:
209:
208:
205:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
186:
185:Italo-Western
183:
182:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
160:Indo-European
157:
153:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:Vivaro-Alpine
107:
94:
90:
87:
79:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
4617:Catalan Caló
4605:Judeo-Gascon
4474:Languedocien
4450:
4361:
4352:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4239:
4141:
4134:
4122:
4117:
4096:Languedocien
4088:
4081:Judeo-Gascon
4079:
4020:
3971:
3941:Barranquenho
3920:
3913:
3889:
3871:
3813:
3775:
3758:
3749:Extremaduran
3723:
3697:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3652:
3609:
3568:Asturleonese
3532:
3525:
3483:West Walloon
3471:Saintongeais
3419:
3395:
3391:Anglo-Norman
3349:
3282:Newfoundland
3242:Jersey Legal
3234:
3142:
3107:Southwestern
3090:Vallassinese
2979:Gallo-Picene
2920:Gallo-Italic
2882:
2798:
2793:
2732:
2698:
2613:
2559:
2438:
2415:Sinte Romani
2225:Torre Valley
2173:South Slavic
2118:Italy portal
1810:Vallassinese
1691:Gallo-Italic
1599:
1227:
1148:
1134:
1123:
1113:
1095:
1087:
1086:Pierre Bec,
1079:
1067:
1051:43, pp 46-62
1048:
1040:
1031:
1025:
1002:
996:
981:
977:
969:
961:
939:}}
933:{{
919:}}
913:{{
903:
891:. Retrieved
886:
877:
866:. Retrieved
851:
841:
827:
818:
813:
811:
805:
801:
797:
791:
787:
781:
777:
773:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
719:
715:
709:
705:
701:
695:
691:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:in front of
648:
644:
642:
639:
607:
603:
572:
568:
558:
538:department (
503:
499:
488:
483:
479:
477:
472:
468:
462:
457:
456:, and named
449:
448:
439:Hautes-Alpes
417:
416:
376:
375:
315:Linguasphere
280:
217:
115:vivaroaupenc
114:
68:edit summary
59:
43:
35:
4564:(including
4477:(excepting
4454:(including
4442:(including
4317:Campidanese
4143:Old Catalan
4136:Old Occitan
3873:Old Spanish
3807:Rioplatense
3611:Old Leonese
3439:Cotentinais
3403:Guernésiais
3326:Frenchville
3319:New England
3198:Bourbonnais
3150:Piedmontese
3144:Old Lombard
3036:Bergamasque
2960:Sammarinese
2423:Wenzhounese
2248:Montenegrin
2195:Gail Valley
1996:Piedmontese
1900:Bergamasque
1546:Campidanese
1387:Beneventano
1354:Marchigiano
1286:Wenzhounese
1084:(in French)
1072:Montpellier
1064:(in French)
1045:(in French)
987:(in French)
966:(in French)
893:11 February
554:department.
530:and around
493:Subdialects
334:oc-vivaraup
4364:indicates
4322:Logudorese
3855:Philippine
3821:Andalusian
3815:Peninsular
3705:Estremenho
3661:Portuguese
3588:Cantabrian
3421:Law French
3413:Sercquiais
3247:Meridional
3208:Champenois
3203:Burgundian
3014:Tabarchino
3004:Monégasque
2943:Parmigiano
2800:Neapolitan
2773:Manduriano
2740:Florentine
2607:Wallachian
2577:Bukovinian
1941:Parmigiano
1733:Tabarchino
1723:Monégasque
1551:Logudorese
1470:Manduriano
1333:Florentine
868:2023-11-11
833:References
548:Montélimar
520:Yssingeaux
469:dauphinois
431:Pierre Bec
40:in Occitan
4553:Valencian
4513:Algherese
4456:Mentonasc
4439:Provençal
4429:Auvergnat
4372:varieties
4355:indicate
4312:Sardinian
4269:Triestine
4217:Sursilvan
4128:Mentonasc
4106:Provençal
4055:Auvergnat
4041:Valencian
3997:Mallorcan
3987:Algherese
3962:Occitano-
3909:Navarrese
3897:Aragonese
3833:Castilian
3736:Castilian
3712:Uruguayan
3685:Brazilian
3648:Minderico
3642:/Eonavian
3605:Mirandese
3519:Valdôtain
3505:/Arpitan
3446:Orléanais
3397:Auregnais
3381:Mayennais
3331:Louisiana
3213:Ardennais
3193:Berrichon
2999:Intemelio
2955:Forlivese
2938:Bolognese
2884:Dalmatian
2848:Tarantino
2811:Benevento
2768:Salentino
2728:Sassarese
2692:Gallurese
2675:Romanesco
2628:Dalmatian
2592:Moldavian
2587:Maramureș
2545:Aromanian
2182:Slovenian
2032:Triestine
1969:languages
1955:Forlivese
1934:Bolognese
1780:Legnanese
1718:Intemelio
1663:Valdôtain
1606:Mentonasc
1582:Algherese
1538:Sardinian
1529:Sardinian
1515:Sassarese
1510:Gallurese
1498:languages
1464:Salentino
1436:Tarantino
1407:Cosentino
1364:Romanesco
1278:Sardinian
1120:"Gardiol"
1011:cite book
983:Garonne).
943:subtitle
923:subtitle
853:Glottolog
604:cisalpenc
579:, around
498:Western:
482:uses the
454:Provençal
423:Auvergnat
282:Glottolog
270:ISO 639-3
255:Mentonasc
212:Provençal
86:talk page
4632:Category
4570:Béarnese
4534:Northern
4520:Balearic
4502:dialects
4434:Limousin
4248:Venetian
4222:Vallader
4212:Surmiran
4185:Cadorino
4168:Friulian
4101:Limousin
4070:Béarnese
4032:Western
4014:Northern
4002:Menorcan
3992:Balearic
3983:Eastern
3979:dialects
3838:Castrapo
3795:Peruvian
3766:dialects
3699:European
3667:dialects
3654:Portugis
3635:Galician
3576:Asturian
3514:Savoyard
3466:Poitevin
3434:Cauchois
3408:Jèrriais
3255:Canadian
3134:Varesino
3129:Ticinese
3117:Novarese
3112:Cremunés
3102:Ossolano
3097:Milanese
3085:Lecchese
3053:Brianzöö
2984:Ligurian
2950:Romagnol
2831:Arianese
2826:Irpinian
2821:Cilentan
2785:Pantesco
2780:Sicilian
2751:Southern
2687:Corsican
2663:Macerata
2658:Fabriano
2597:Oltenian
2567:dialects
2527:Southern
2325:Cimbrian
2317:Bavarian
2243:Croatian
2150:Arbëresh
2133:Albanian
2074:Cadorino
2063:Friulian
2019:Venetian
2010:Venetian
1949:Romagnol
1877:Cremunés
1870:Novarese
1849:Varesino
1840:Ossolano
1833:Ticinese
1826:Milanese
1817:Lecchese
1700:Ligurian
1505:Corsican
1484:Pantesco
1478:Sicilian
1418:Arianese
1412:Irpinian
1402:Cilentan
1359:Marinese
1258:Germanic
1254:Friulian
1242:Croatian
1234:Albanian
1165:See also
1103:Archived
1005:. Paris.
916:Cite web
862:Archived
686:chantada
682:chantaia
623:Piedmont
585:Sisteron
508:Vivarais
465:Dauphiné
427:Limousin
413:Calabria
401:Piedmont
393:Dauphiné
295:viva1235
289:gard1245
249:Dialects
62:provide
4566:Aranese
4527:Central
4497:Catalan
4353:Italics
4254:Chipilo
4197:Romansh
4160:Romance
4158:Rhaeto-
4123:Gardiol
4075:Landese
4065:Aranese
4050:Occitan
4009:Central
3973:Catalan
3964:Romance
3865:Creoles
3860:Saharan
3848:Murcian
3826:Llanito
3783:Chilean
3760:Spanish
3717:Creoles
3691:Mineiro
3673:African
3598:Riberan
3593:Leonese
3558:Iberian
3551:Romance
3478:Walloon
3451:Paydret
3429:Augeron
3369:Vosgien
3364:Gaumais
3359:Lorrain
3351:Creoles
3314:Muskrat
3260:Acadian
3188:Angevin
3178:Langues
3169:Romance
3075:Comasco
3048:Western
3041:Cremish
3031:Eastern
3026:Lombard
2994:Genoese
2989:Brigasc
2933:Emilian
2911:Western
2890:Istriot
2853:Vastese
2838:Molisan
2700:Italian
2636:Central
2582:Crișana
2537:Eastern
2520:Western
2505:Eastern
2370:Yiddish
2330:Mòcheno
2205:Istrian
1928:Emilian
1907:Cremish
1886:Spasell
1796:Comasco
1743:Lombard
1713:Genoese
1708:Brigasc
1674:Cellese
1592:Occitan
1574:Catalan
1441:Vastese
1426:Molisan
1342:Central
1307:Italian
1282:Slovene
1270:Occitan
1238:Catalan
945:(P1680)
925:(P1680)
764:parlère
760:parlèri
756:parlèro
752:parlave
748:parlavi
744:parlavo
710:bastida
678:chantaa
657:chantar
627:Liguria
540:Valence
512:Annonay
437:to the
418:gardiòl
405:Liguria
389:Occitan
381:Occitan
370:Occitan
368:Map of
207:Occitan
180:Romance
84:to the
66:in the
42:.
4561:Gascon
4444:Niçard
4284:Others
4264:Talian
4259:Fiuman
4233:Others
4173:Fornes
4111:Niçard
4060:Gascon
4028:Patuet
3934:Others
3843:Castúo
3549:Ibero-
3509:Faetar
3456:Picard
3386:Norman
3374:Welche
3297:Magoua
3287:Quebec
3277:Brayon
3236:French
3218:Rémois
3167:Gallo-
3122:Pavese
3080:Laghée
3058:Canzés
3009:Royasc
2871:Others
2806:Barese
2734:Tuscan
2680:Sabino
2653:Ancona
2626:Italo-
2409:Romani
2390:Hebrew
2383:Others
2365:Walser
2308:German
2220:Resian
2081:Fornes
2027:Fiuman
1863:Pavese
1803:Laghée
1764:Canzés
1728:Royasc
1668:Faetar
1645:Aostan
1637:French
1614:Niçard
1392:Barese
1369:Sabino
1325:Tuscan
1274:Romani
1246:French
1074:, 1941
936:Cite Q
824:Status
806:salada
792:escòla
788:escòra
706:bastiá
702:bastia
696:moneda
665:cantar
612:a.k.a.
577:France
355:(2010)
350:UNESCO
165:Italic
135:Region
125:France
4207:Putèr
4202:Jauer
4190:Nones
4180:Ladin
3679:Asian
3336:Houma
3309:Métis
3292:Joual
3265:Chiac
3230:Gallo
3180:d'oïl
2572:Banat
2294:Griko
2272:Greek
2210:Karst
2088:Nones
2068:Ladin
1266:Ladin
1262:Greek
802:sarai
798:saraa
782:bauma
778:balma
774:barma
740:parle
736:parli
732:parlo
720:madur
692:monea
619:Italy
581:Digne
573:gavot
569:gavòt
552:Isère
536:Drôme
524:Forez
516:Velay
175:Latin
129:Italy
4568:and
4362:Bold
3947:Caló
3630:Fala
3556:West
2190:Brda
1176:Baìo
1017:link
951:See
895:2019
804:for
790:for
776:for
758:for
746:for
734:for
718:for
716:maür
708:for
694:for
684:for
669:gai.
667:and
647:and
625:and
563:Alps
478:The
425:and
403:and
329:IETF
60:must
58:You
985:in
800:or
780:or
762:or
750:or
738:or
704:or
680:or
661:jai
606:or
589:Gap
544:Die
534:),
471:or
399:of
303:ELP
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1284:,
1280:,
1276:,
1272:,
1268:,
1264:,
1260:,
1256:,
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1248:,
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1240:,
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1070:,
1056:^
1013:}}
1009:{{
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856:.
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591:,
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546:,
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141:,
127:,
4613:†
4607:†
4601:†
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645:k
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